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Wong CS, Strehlow J, Broughton DP, Luedtke SV, Huang CK, Bogale A, Fitzgarrald R, Nedbailo R, Schmidt JL, Schmidt TR, Twardowski J, Van Pelt A, Alvarez MA, Junghans A, Mix LT, Reinovsky RE, Rusby DR, Wang Z, Wolfe B, Albright BJ, Batha SH, Palaniyappan S. Robust unfolding of MeV x-ray spectra from filter stack spectrometer data. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:023301. [PMID: 38341719 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We present an inversion method capable of robustly unfolding MeV x-ray spectra from filter stack spectrometer (FSS) data without requiring an a priori specification of a spectral shape or arbitrary termination of the algorithm. Our inversion method is based upon the perturbative minimization (PM) algorithm, which has previously been shown to be capable of unfolding x-ray transmission data, albeit for a limited regime in which the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient of the filter material increases monotonically with x-ray energy. Our inversion method improves upon the PM algorithm through regular smoothing of the candidate spectrum and by adding stochasticity to the search. With these additions, the inversion method does not require a physics model for an initial guess, fitting, or user-selected termination of the search. Instead, the only assumption made by the inversion method is that the x-ray spectrum should be near a smooth curve. Testing with synthetic data shows that the inversion method can successfully recover the primary large-scale features of MeV x-ray spectra, including the number of x-rays in energy bins of several-MeV widths to within 10%. Fine-scale features, however, are more difficult to recover accurately. Examples of unfolding experimental FSS data obtained at the Texas Petawatt Laser Facility and the OMEGA EP laser facility are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-S Wong
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Strehlow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D P Broughton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S V Luedtke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C-K Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Bogale
- Center for Energy Research, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - R Fitzgarrald
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Nedbailo
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J L Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Twardowski
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Van Pelt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - A Junghans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L T Mix
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R E Reinovsky
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D R Rusby
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Wolfe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Batha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Higginson A, Zhang S, Bailly-Grandvaux M, McGuffey C, Bhutwala K, Winjum BJ, Strehlow J, Edghill B, Dozières M, Tsung FS, Lee R, Andrews S, Spencer SJ, Lemos N, Albert F, King P, Wei MS, Mori WB, Manuel MJE, Beg FN. Electron acceleration at oblique angles via stimulated Raman scattering at laser irradiance >10^{16}Wcm^{-2}μm^{2}. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:033203. [PMID: 33862755 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.033203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The generation of hot, directional electrons via laser-driven stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a topic of great importance in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) schemes. Little recent research has been dedicated to this process at high laser intensity, in which back, side, and forward scatter simultaneously occur in high energy density plasmas, of relevance to, for example, shock ignition ICF. We present an experimental and particle-in-cell (PIC) investigation of hot electron production from SRS in the forward and near-forward directions from a single speckle laser of wavelength λ_{0}=1.053μm, peak laser intensities in the range I_{0}=0.2-1.0×10^{17}Wcm^{-2} and target electron densities between n_{e}=0.3-1.6%n_{c}, where n_{c} is the plasma critical density. As the intensity and density are increased, the hot electron spectrum changes from a sharp cutoff to an extended spectrum with a slope temperature T=34±1keV and maximum measured energy of 350 keV experimentally. Multidimensional PIC simulations indicate that the high energy electrons are primarily generated from SRS-driven electron plasma wave phase fronts with k vectors angled ∼50^{∘} with respect to the laser axis. These results are consistent with analytical arguments that the spatial gain is maximized at an angle which balances the tendency for the growth rate to be larger for larger scattered light wave angles until the kinetic damping of the plasma wave becomes important. The efficiency of generated high energy electrons drops significantly with a reduction in either laser intensity or target electron density, which is a result of the rapid drop in growth rate of Raman scattering at angles in the forward direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higginson
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - S Zhang
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - K Bhutwala
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - B J Winjum
- Office of Advanced Research Computing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Strehlow
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - B Edghill
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - M Dozières
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - R Lee
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Andrews
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S J Spencer
- Centre for Fusion, Space, and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, Inertial Fusion Technologies, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
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Bailly-Grandvaux M, Kawahito D, McGuffey C, Strehlow J, Edghill B, Wei MS, Alexander N, Haid A, Brabetz C, Bagnoud V, Hollinger R, Capeluto MG, Rocca JJ, Beg FN. Ion acceleration from microstructured targets irradiated by high-intensity picosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:021201. [PMID: 32942368 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.021201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Structures on the front surface of thin foil targets for laser-driven ion acceleration have been proposed to increase the ion source maximum energy and conversion efficiency. While structures have been shown to significantly boost the proton acceleration from pulses of moderate-energy fluence, their performance on tightly focused and high-energy lasers remains unclear. Here, we report the results of laser-driven three-dimensional (3D)-printed microtube targets, focusing on their efficacy for ion acceleration. Using the high-contrast (∼10^{12}) PHELIX laser (150J, 10^{21}W/cm^{2}), we studied the acceleration of ions from 1-μm-thick foils covered with micropillars or microtubes, which we compared with flat foils. The front-surface structures significantly increased the conversion efficiency from laser to light ions, with up to a factor of 5 higher proton number with respect to a flat target, albeit without an increase of the cutoff energy. An optimum diameter was found for the microtube targets. Our findings are supported by a systematic particle-in-cell modeling investigation of ion acceleration using 2D simulations with various structure dimensions. Simulations reproduce the experimental data with good agreement, including the observation of the optimum tube diameter, and reveal that the laser is shuttered by the plasma filling the tubes, explaining why the ion cutoff energy was not increased in this regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - D Kawahito
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Strehlow
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B Edghill
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Alexander
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - A Haid
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - V Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - M G Capeluto
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.,Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA, CONICET, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Rocca
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Strehlow J, Forestier-Colleoni P, McGuffey C, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Daykin TS, McCary E, Peebles J, Revet G, Zhang S, Ditmire T, Donovan M, Dyer G, Fuchs J, Gaul EW, Higginson DP, Kemp GE, Martinez M, McLean HS, Spinks M, Sawada H, Beg FN. The response function of Fujifilm BAS-TR imaging plates to laser-accelerated titanium ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:083302. [PMID: 31472598 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calibrated diagnostics for energetic particle detection allow for the systematic study of charged particle sources. The Fujifilm BAS-TR imaging plate (IP) is a reusable phosphorescent detector for radiation applications such as x-ray and particle beam detection. The BAS-TR IP has been absolutely calibrated to many low-Z (low proton number) ions, and extending these calibrations to the mid-Z regime is beneficial for the study of laser-driven ion sources. The Texas Petawatt Laser was used to generate energetic ions from a 100 nm titanium foil, and charge states Ti10+ through Ti12+, ranging from 6 to 27 MeV, were analyzed for calibration. A plastic detector of CR-39 with evenly placed slots was mounted in front of the IP to count the number of ions that correspond with the IP levels of photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL). A response curve was fitted to the data, yielding a model of the PSL signal vs ion energy. Comparisons to other published response curves are also presented, illustrating the trend of PSL/nucleon decreasing with increasing ion mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strehlow
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T S Daykin
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - E McCary
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Revet
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T Ditmire
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - E W Gaul
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Spinks
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Sawada
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Sorrentino S, Peperhove M, Kaireit T, Rühaak J, Strehlow J, Wacker F, Vogel-Claussen J, Shin H. Entwicklung eines virtuellen 2D-Herz-Phantoms für die Berechnung regionaler myokardialer Wandbewegung mittels nicht-rigider Bildregistrierung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Dirscherl W, Strehlow J. [Incorporation of radioactive amino acids into proteins of liver homogenates]. Z Vitam Horm Fermentforsch 1965; 14:10-27. [PMID: 5826830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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