1
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Lorente JA, Morote J. Behavior of Bone Alkaline Phosphatase (BAP) Determined with Immunoradiometric Assay in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 9:145. [PMID: 7530275 DOI: 10.1177/172460089400900304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Alvarez Cubero MJ, Lorente JA, Robles-Fernandez I, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Puche JL, Serrano MJ. Circulating Tumor Cells: Markers and Methodologies for Enrichment and Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1634:283-303. [PMID: 28819860 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7144-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of disease worldwide; however, nowadays many points of its initiation processes are unknown. In this chapter, we are focusing on the role of liquid biopsies in cancer detection and progression. CTCs are one of the main components of liquid biopsies, they represent a subset of tumor cells that have acquired the ability to disseminate from the primary tumor and intravasate to the circulatory system. The greatest challenge in the detection of CTCs is their rarity in the blood. Human blood consists of white blood cells (5-10 × 106/mL), red blood cells (5-9 × 109/mL), and platelets (2.5-4 × 108/mL); very few CTCs will be present even in patients with known metastatic disease, with often less than one CTC per mL of blood. CTCs are found in frequencies on the order of 1-10 CTCs per mL of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease, and it is reduced in half for non-metastatic stages. Therefore, accurate methodologies for their capture and analysis are really important. The main aim of the present chapter is to describe different methodologies for CTCs capturing and analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Cell Survival
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient/methods
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Equipment Design
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Ficoll/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoassay
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/immunology
- Keratins/metabolism
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Protein Binding
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez Cubero
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - J A Lorente
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - I Robles-Fernandez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Martinez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - J L Puche
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Serrano
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
The management of critically ill burn patients is challenging. These patients have to be managed in specialized centers, where the expertise of physicians and nursing personnel guarantees the best treatment. Mortality of burn patients has improved over the past decades due to a better understanding of burn shock pathophysiology, optimal surgical management, infection control and nutritional support. Indeed, a more aggressive resuscitation, early excision and grafting, the judicious use of topical antibiotics, and the provision of an adequate calorie and protein intake are key to attain best survival results. General advances in critical care have also to be implemented, including protective ventilation, glycemic control, selective decontamination of the digestive tract, and implementation of sedation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Cuidados intensivos, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Amaya-Villar
- Cuidados intensivos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Saiz M, Alvarez JC, Martinez-Labarga C, Lorente JA. Characterisation of genetic structure of the Mayan population in Guatemala by autosomal STR analysis. Ann Hum Biol 2015; 43:457-68. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1069891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain,
| | - M. J. Alvarez-Cubero
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética, Departamento de Medicina Legal y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, and
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Saiz
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética, Departamento de Medicina Legal y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, and
| | - J. C. Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética, Departamento de Medicina Legal y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, and
| | - C. Martinez-Labarga
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - J. A. Lorente
- GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain,
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética, Departamento de Medicina Legal y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, and
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Martínez-Caro L, Ortiz I, Sanchez-Ferrer A, Rojas Y, Smit L, de Olaiz-Navarro B, Ferruelo A, Nin N, Esteban A, Lorente JA. 0984. Perfusate from lungs ventilated ex-vivo with high tidal volumen induce in vitro endotelial dysfunction reversed by superoxide dismutase and tempol. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4796688 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-p69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Rojas Y, Naz S, Izquierdo JL, Nin N, Ferruelo A, García-Hierro P, Molina-Arana D, Herrero R, Martínez-Caro L, García A, de la Cal MA, Ruiz-Cabello JM, Barbas C, Lorente JA. 0852. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract modulates the metabolic profile in a ventilator-induced lung injury model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4797718 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-p61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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8
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Rojas Y, Naz S, Nin N, Garcìa A, Ferruelo A, Martínez-Caro L, de Paula M, Barbas C, Lorente JA. 0854. Metabolomic changes by mass spectrometry in lung tissue from septic rats with mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4798496 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-p63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Herrero R, Puig F, Guillamat R, Prados L, Rojas Y, Artigas A, Esteban A, Lorente JA. 0987. FAS activation alters tight junction proteins in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4797804 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-p72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cardinal-Fernández P, Ferruelo A, Rego N, Rojas Y, Ballén-Barragán A, Granados R, Jaramillo C, Lopez-Hernández E, Martínez-Caro L, Nin N, Herrero R, de la Cal MA, Esteban A, Lorente JA. 0895. Identification and validation of a mirna as a diagnostic biomarker of diffuse alveolar damage in an animal model of acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4798317 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-o21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Seijas M, Baccino C, Nin N, Lorente JA. [Definition and biomarkers of acute renal damage: new perspectives]. Med Intensiva 2014; 38:376-85. [PMID: 24880198 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The RIFLE and AKIN criteria have definitely help out to draw attention to the relationship between a deterioration of renal function that produces a small increase in serum creatinine and a worse outcome. However, the specific clinical utility of using these criteria remains to be well-defined. It is believed that the main use of these criteria is for the design of epidemiological studies and clinical trials to define inclusion criteria and objectives of an intervention. AKI adopting term, re-summoning former ARF terminology, it is appropriate to describe the clinical condition characterized by damage to kidney, in the same way as the term is used to describe acute lung damage where the lung injury situation still has not increased to a situation of organ failure (dysfunction). The serum and urine biomarkers (creatinine, urea, and diuresis) currently in use are not sensitive or specific for detecting kidney damage, limiting treatment options and potentially compromising the outcome. New biomarkers are being studied in order to diagnose an earlier and more specific AKI, with the potential to change the definition criteria of AKI with different stages, currently based in diuresis and serum creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seijas
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Baccino
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Nin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Mallorca, España; Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, España.
| | - J A Lorente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Mallorca, España; Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, España; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Saiz M, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Alvarez JC, Eisenberg AJ, Budowle B, Lorente JA. Genetic identification of missing persons: DNA analysis of human remains and compromised samples. Pathobiology 2012; 79:228-38. [PMID: 22722562 DOI: 10.1159/000334982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human identification has made great strides over the past 2 decades due to the advent of DNA typing. Forensic DNA typing provides genetic data from a variety of materials and individuals, and is applied to many important issues that confront society. Part of the success of DNA typing is the generation of DNA databases to help identify missing persons and to develop investigative leads to assist law enforcement. DNA databases house DNA profiles from convicted felons (and in some jurisdictions arrestees), forensic evidence, human remains, and direct and family reference samples of missing persons. These databases are essential tools, which are becoming quite large (for example the US Database contains 10 million profiles). The scientific, governmental and private communities continue to work together to standardize genetic markers for more effective worldwide data sharing, to develop and validate robust DNA typing kits that contain the reagents necessary to type core identity genetic markers, to develop technologies that facilitate a number of analytical processes and to develop policies to make human identity testing more effective. Indeed, DNA typing is integral to resolving a number of serious criminal and civil concerns, such as solving missing person cases and identifying victims of mass disasters and children who may have been victims of human trafficking, and provides information for historical studies. As more refined capabilities are still required, novel approaches are being sought, such as genetic testing by next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, chip arrays and pyrosequencing. Single nucleotide polymorphisms offer the potential to analyze severely compromised biological samples, to determine the facial phenotype of decomposed human remains and to predict the bioancestry of individuals, a new focus in analyzing this type of markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez-Cubero
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Cardinal-Fernández P, Ferruelo A, Martín-Pellicer A, Nin N, Esteban A, Lorente JA. [Genetic determinants of acute renal damage risk and prognosis: a systematic review]. Med Intensiva 2012; 36:626-33. [PMID: 22436318 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute renal damage (ARD) is a frequent syndrome in hospitalized patients. It is well accepted that ARD susceptibility and outcome are related to environmental risk factors and to the patient premorbid status. Recently, host factors have also been recognized as important in ARD predisposition and evolution. OBJECTIVE To analyze genetic influences related to the risk and severity of ARD. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE search. SELECTION OF STUDIES articles published in English or Spanish between 1/1/1995 and 31/5/2011, analyzing the association between genic polymorphisms and (a) ARD susceptibility in patients versus healthy controls or within groups of patients; or (b) ARD severity. EXCLUSION CRITERIA studies published only in abstract form, case reports or including patients less than 16 years of age, on chronic dialysis or having received a renal transplant. DATA EXTRACTION at least one investigator analyzed each manuscript and collected the information using a predefined form. RESULTS We identified 12 relevant studies that included 4835 patients. Eleven genes showed polymorphisms related to ARD susceptibility or severity. They were related to cardiovascular regulation (ACE I/D, eNOS, FNMT and COMT), inflammatory response (TNFα, IL10, IL6, HIP-1α, EPO), oxidative stress (NAPH oxidase) and lipid metabolism (APO E). Only APO E, ACE and AT1 receptor have been analyzed in more than one study. CONCLUSION ARD susceptibility and severity is influenced by genetic factors, which are multiple and involve different physiopathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cardinal-Fernández
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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García-Larrosa A, Castillo C, Ventura M, Lorente JA, Bielsa O, Arango O. [Cystitis and ketamine associated bladder dysfunction]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:60-4. [PMID: 21955556 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in recreational ketamine users and evaluate its relationship with the consumption pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS Evaluation of 13 ketamine users. The presence of LUTS, gross hematuria and lumbar spine pain was analyzed. The ketamine usage pattern was recorded: initiation, administration route, dose in the last month and frequency of usage. RESULTS Six patients (46%) reported LUTS, with daily mean micturations every 42 minutes and nighttime of 3 episodes, with dysuria (100%), urgency (100%), incontinence (20%), decreased flow (80%), hypogastric or perineal pain (80%), gross hematuria (80%) and bilateral lumbar spine pain (40%). Symptomatic patients described a mean intake of inhaled ketamine of 3g/day (SD 2), 80% with a daily frequency and the asymptomatic ones of 1.03 g/day (SD 0.92) limited to weekends. The mean consumption time to the appearance of the symptoms was 31 months (SD 16.29). Intensity of the symptoms was related with the ketamine dose and improved on increasing water intake. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be a relationship between the picture with the dose and frequency of consumption, there being factors that reinforce the hypothesis that this action of the drug is due to the harmful effect on the urothelium. The process to identify it on time should be known, since the only known effective measure is to stop the consumption in the initial phases.
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Kyriazis A, Rodriguez I, Nin N, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Lorente JA, Perez-Sanchez JM, Pesic J, Olsson LE, Ruiz-Cabello J. Dynamic ventilation 3He MRI for the quantification of disease in the rat lung. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 59:777-86. [PMID: 22167560 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2179299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases are known to be largely inhomogeneous. To evaluate such inhomogeneities, we are testing an image-based method to measure gas flow in the lung regionally. Dynamic, spin-density-weighted hyperpolarized (3)He MR images performed during slow inhalation of this gas were analyzed to quantify regional inflation rate. This parameter was measured in regions of interest (ROIs) that were defined by a rectangular grid that covered the entire rat lung and grew dynamically with it during its inflation. We used regional inflation rate to quantify elastase-induced emphysema and to differentiate healthy (n = 8) from elastase-treated (n = 9) rat lungs as well as healthy from elastase-treated areas of one rat unilaterally treated with elastase in the left lung. Emphysema was also assessed by gold standard morphological and well-established hyperpolarized (3)He MRI diffusion measurements. Mean values of regional inflation rates were significantly different for healthy and elastase-treated animals and correlated well with the apparent diffusion coefficient of (3)He and morphological measurements. The image-based biomarker inflation rate may be useful for the assessment of regional lung ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Kyriazis
- Department of Chemistry-Physics II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Virgen-Ponce D, Delgado-Najar EA, Moscoso-Caloca GH, Alvarez JC, Lorente JA. Genetic variation of 15 autosomal microsatellite loci in a Nayarit population (Mexico). Leg Med (Tokyo) 2011; 13:323-7. [PMID: 21944851 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen STRs are studied to determine the allele frequencies' distribution and to evaluate the homogeneity of Nayarit populations. This study allows the identification of forensic efficiency parameters to be used in forensic genetics and to explore the genetic similarities between Nayarit and the neighboring countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Honduras, Bolivia and Costa Rica. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, expected heterozygosity, matching probability, and power of discrimination, were calculated in the Nayarit population. We found that with respect to the studied markers, Nayarit genetic structure is homogeneous. In this study, it is established that Nayarit is genetically similar to the South American Mestizo population. The distribution of a set of these 15 STRs was analyzed with other South American populations as well as in the extensive set of neighboring populations from the literature (USA, Europe and Africa). We found significant differences exist between the isolated populations (Huastecos, Otomi from Sierra Madre and from Ixmiquilpan Valley) and Mestizo populations. Statistical analysis supports that Americans actual inhabitants and Europeans are genetically similar, while Africans and isolated populations from South America have more genetic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez-Cubero
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Serrano MJ, Nadal R, Lorente JA, Salido M, Rodríguez R, Rodríguez M, Macià M, Sánchez-Rovira P, Corominas JM, González L, Vera L, Albanell J, Solé F. Circulating cancer cells in division in an early breast cancer patient. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2150-2151. [PMID: 21743104 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J Serrano
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada.
| | - R Nadal
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - J A Lorente
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada; Laboratory of Genetic Identification-UGR, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada
| | - M Salido
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - R Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada
| | - M Rodríguez
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - M Macià
- Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMAS, Barcelona
| | - P Sánchez-Rovira
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada; Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital, Jaén, Spain
| | - J M Corominas
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - L González
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada
| | - L Vera
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada
| | - J Albanell
- Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMAS, Barcelona
| | - F Solé
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
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Cardinal-Fernández P, Nin N, Lorente JA. [Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a genomic perspective]. Med Intensiva 2011; 35:361-72. [PMID: 21429625 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomics have allowed important advances in the knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of complex disease entities such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Genomic medicine aims to personalize and optimize diagnosis, prognosis and treatment by determining the influence of genetic polymorphisms in specific diseases. The scientific community must cope with the important challenge of securing rapid transfer of knowledge to clinical practice, in order to prevent patients from becoming exposed to unnecessary risks. In the present article we describe the main concepts of genomic medicine pertaining to ALI/ARDS, and its currently recognized clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cardinal-Fernández
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, CASMU-IAMPP-Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Nin N, Lorente JA, Soto L, Ríos F, Hurtado J, Arancibia F, Ugarte S, Echevarría E, Cardinal P, Saldarini F, Bagnulo H, Cortés I, Bujedo G, Ortega C, Frutos F, Esteban A. Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia: an observational study. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37:768-74. [PMID: 21394630 PMCID: PMC7095219 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence, risk factors, and impact on mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. DESIGN Observational cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS AKI was defined as risk, injury or failure, according to the RIFLE classification. Early and late AKI were defined as AKI occurring on intensive care unit (ICU) day 2 or before, or after ICU day 2, respectively. Demographic data and information on organ dysfunction were collected daily. RESULTS Of 84 patients, AKI developed in 43 patients (51%). Twenty (24%) needed renal replacement therapy. Early and late AKI were found in 28 (33%) and 15 (18%) patients, respectively. Patients with AKI, as compared with patients without AKI, had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and ICU mortality (72% versus 39%, p < 0.01) and presented on admission more marked cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematological dysfunction. Patients with early but not late AKI presented on admission higher APACHE II score and more marked organ dysfunction, as compared with patients without AKI. ICU mortality was higher in late versus early AKI (93% versus 61%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only APACHE II score and late but not early AKI [odds ratio (OR) 1.1 (95% confidence interval 1.0-1.1) and 15.1 (1.8-130.7), respectively] were associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS AKI is a frequent complication of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia. AKI developing after 2 days in ICU appears to be associated with different risk factors than early AKI, and is related to a higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Nin
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe & CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Carretera de Toledo Km 12,500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid Spain
| | - J. A. Lorente
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe & CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Carretera de Toledo Km 12,500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid Spain
| | - L. Soto
- Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - F. Ríos
- Hospital Nacional Profesor A. Posadas, El Palomar, Argentina
| | - J. Hurtado
- Hospital Español Juan J. Crottogini, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F. Arancibia
- Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - S. Ugarte
- Clínica Indisa, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - P. Cardinal
- Sanatorio CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armada, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F. Saldarini
- Hospital Donación Francisco Santojanni (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - I. Cortés
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe & CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Carretera de Toledo Km 12,500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid Spain
| | - G. Bujedo
- Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Ortega
- Hospital Regional de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F. Frutos
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe & CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Carretera de Toledo Km 12,500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid Spain
| | - A. Esteban
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe & CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Carretera de Toledo Km 12,500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid Spain
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Mesquida J, Borrat X, Lorente JA, Masip J, Baigorri F. [Objectives of hemodynamic resuscitation]. Med Intensiva 2011; 35:499-508. [PMID: 21208691 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular failure or shock, of any etiology, is characterized by ineffective perfusion of body tissues, inducing derangements in the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption. Impairment in oxygen availability on the cellular level causes a shift to anaerobic metabolism, with an increase in lactate and hydrogen ion production that leads to lactic acidosis. The degree of hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis will be directly correlated to the development of organ failure and poor outcome of the individuals. The amount of oxygen available at the tissues will depend fundamentally on an adequate level of perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery. The optimization of these two physiologic parameters can re-establish the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption on the cellular level, thus, restoring the metabolism to its aerobic paths. Monitoring variables such as lactate and oxygen venous saturations (either central or mixed) during the initial resuscitation of shock will be helpful to determine whether tissue hypoxia is still present or not. Recently, some new technologies have been developed in order to evaluate local perfusion and microcirculation, such as gastric tonometry, near-infrared spectroscopy and videomicroscopy. Although monitoring these regional parameters has demonstrated its prognostic value, there is a lack of evidence regarding to its usefulness during the resuscitation process. In conclusion, hemodynamic resuscitation is still based on the rapid achievement of adequate levels of perfusion pressure, and then on the modification of oxygen delivery variables, in order to restore physiologic values of ScvO(2)/SvO(2) and resolve lactic acidosis and/or hyperlactatemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mesquida
- Área de Críticos, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España.
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Campoy C, Martín-Bautista E, García-Valdés L, Florido J, Agil A, Lorente JA, Marcos A, López-Sabater MC, Miranda-León T, Sanz Y, Molina-Font JA. [Study of maternal nutrition and genetic on the foetal adiposity programming (The PREOBE study)]. NUTR HOSP 2008; 23:584-590. [PMID: 19132267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal genetics and feeding before and during pregnancy, different maternal metabolic pathologies, as well as nutrient intakes of newborns in their first months of life may be involved in the obesity aetiology and its long-term consequences. The possible role of these and others factors, the mechanisms and the effects on the metabolism, and the development of this disease need further research. OBJECTIVE To acquire more knowledge about foetal adipose tissue development and the influence of genetic, dietetic and environmental factors on the risk to suffer from obesity. METHODOLOGY Four study groups have been established with 30 pregnant women in each one: 1) control group; 2) mothers with glucose intolerance/gestational diabetes; 3) women with low weight gain during pregnancy, and 4) women with overweight/obesity at the beginning of the pregnancy. The magnitudes to be studied are: 1) dietary intake; 2) life-style habits; 3) physical activity; 4) anthropometry and body composition; 5) haematological study; 6) biochemical study (lipid and metabolic biomarkers); 7) immune function profile related to nutritional status; 8) psychological profile; 9) genetic biomarkers, and 10) microbiological markers; all of them in relation to the development of the foetal adipose tissue in the first stages of life and the risk of suffering from obesity in the future. CONCLUSION This project, coordinated by the Department of Paediatrics of the School of Medicine in the University of Granada, and with the collaboration of well-known and expert research groups, tries to contribute to the knowledge about the obesity aetiology in infancy and its subsequent development in later periods of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campoy
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
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Prieto L, Alonso A, Alves C, Crespillo M, Montesino M, Picornell A, Brehm A, Ramírez JL, Whittle MR, Anjos MJ, Boschi I, Buj J, Cerezo M, Cardoso S, Cicarelli R, Comas D, Corach D, Doutremepuich C, Espinheira RM, Fernández-Fernández I, Filippini S, Garcia-Hirschfeld J, González A, Heinrichs B, Hernández A, Leite FPN, Lizarazo RP, López-Parra AM, López-Soto M, Lorente JA, Mechoso B, Navarro I, Pagano S, Pestano JJ, Puente J, Raimondi E, Rodríguez-Quesada A, Terra-Pinheiro MF, Vidal-Rioja L, Vullo C, Salas A. 2006 GEP-ISFG collaborative exercise on mtDNA: reflections about interpretation, artefacts, and DNA mixtures. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2007; 2:126-33. [PMID: 19083807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of the seventh edition of the GEP-ISFG mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) collaborative exercise. The samples submitted to the participant laboratories were blood stains from a maternity case and simulated forensic samples, including a case of mixture. The success rate for the blood stains was moderate ( approximately 77%); even though four inexperienced laboratories concentrated about one-third of the total errors. A similar success was obtained for the analysis of mixed samples (78.8% for a hair-saliva mixture and 69.2% for a saliva-saliva mixture). Two laboratories also dissected the haplotypes contributing to the saliva-saliva mixture. Most of the errors were due to reading problems and misinterpretation of electropherograms, demonstrating once more that the lack of a solid devised experimental approach is the main cause of error in mtDNA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Prieto
- Comisaría General de Policía Científica, DNA Laboratory, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Cervilla JA, Molina E, Rivera M, Torres-González F, Bellón JA, Moreno B, Luna JD, Lorente JA, Mayoral F, King M, Nazareth I, Gutiérrez B. The risk for depression conferred by stressful life events is modified by variation at the serotonin transporter 5HTTLPR genotype: evidence from the Spanish PREDICT-Gene cohort. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:748-55. [PMID: 17387319 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report results from the PREDICT-Gene case-control study nested in a prospective cohort designed to identify predictors of the onset of depression among adult primary-care attendees. We tested the potential gene-by-environment interaction between 5HTTLPR genotype at the serotonin transporter gene and previous exposure to threatening life events (TLEs) in depression. A total of 737 consecutively recruited participants were genotyped. Additional information was gathered on exposure to TLEs over a 6-month period, socio-demographic data and family history of psychological problems among first-degree relatives. Diagnoses of depression were ascertained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) by trained interviewers. Two different depressive outcomes were used (ICD-10 depressive episode and ICD-10 severe depressive episode). Both the s/s genotype and exposure to increasing number of TLEs were significantly associated with depression. Moreover, the 5HTTLPR s/s genotype significantly modified the risk conferred by TLEs for both depressive outcomes. Thus, s/s homozygous participants required minimal exposure to TLE (1 TLE) to acquire a level of risk for depression that was only found among l/s or l/l individuals after significantly higher exposure to TLEs (two or more TLEs). The interaction was more apparent when applied to the diagnosis of ICD-10 severe depressive episode and after adjusting for gender, age and family history of psychological problems. Likelihood ratios tests for the interaction were statistically significant for both depressive outcomes (ICD-10 depressive episode: LR X(2)=4.7, P=0.09 (crude), LR-X(2)=6.4, P=0.04 (adjusted); ICD-10 severe depressive episode: LR X(2)=6.9, P=0.032 (crude), LR-X(2)=8.1, P=0.017 (adjusted)).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cervilla
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Baravalle C, Salvetti NR, Mira GA, Lorente JA, Ortega HH. The role of ACTH in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats: Hormonal profiles and ovarian morphology. Physiol Res 2007; 56:67-78. [PMID: 16497098 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous hypotheses have been proposed about the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, hormonal control of persistent follicles has not been established. The objective of the present study was to compare the follicular structure and hormonal profiles of rats treated with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) with two experimental models of PCOS. ACTH-treated animals were compared with those exposed to continuous light, those treated with estradiol valerate, and with control (in proestrous and diestrous). Serum hormone levels, histomorphometrical changes, and immunoexpression of vimentin, cytokeratins, cadherins, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were examined. Treatment with ACTH resulted in an elevation of corticosterone secretion with LH reduction but without changes in ovarian morphology. Although stress (or ACTH) stimulation may be only one of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in follicular cyst pathogenesis in other species, we do not have important evidence to suppose that this would happen in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baravalle
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Ortega HH, Salvetti NR, Baravalle C, Lorente JA, Mira GA. Oestradiol Induced Inhibition of Neuroendocrine Marker Expression in Leydig Cells of Adult Rats. Reprod Domest Anim 2006; 41:204-9. [PMID: 16689882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to determine the changes in the expression of neuroendocrine markers in Leydig cell by oestradiol treatment, and to determine whether testosterone is able to recover partially the effects of hormonal suppression induced by oestradiol. Adult male rats were injected daily with either 50 microg of oestradiol or oestradiol plus testosterone propionate (25 mg every 3 days) for 15 days. The animals were sacrificed and testicles were dissected and processed by routine histological protocols. FSH and LH serum levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. The visualization of antigens was achieved by the streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Antibodies against chromogranin A (CrA), S-100 protein (S-100), P substance (PS), synaptofisin (SYN), neurofilament protein (NF), gliofibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were used. The mean LH and FSH serum concentrations were consistently suppressed with hormonal treatments. Intermediate filaments (NF and GFAP) showed no difference in their expression. The expression of S-100, NSE and SYN was significantly lower in both hormone-treated groups. In oestradiol-treated rats, the immunoreactivity of CrA and SP decreased significantly but was restored after testosterone supplementation. Although the nature and functions of many of these substances in Leydig cells remain unknown, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the expression of some neuroendocrine markers is hormonally controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Ortega
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Santa, Fe, Argentina.
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Ortega HH, Lorente JA, Mira GA, Baravalle C, Salvetti NR. Constant light exposure causes dissociation in gonadotrophin secretion and inhibits partially neuroendocrine differentiation of Leydig cells in adult rats. Reprod Domest Anim 2005; 39:417-23. [PMID: 15598231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the changes that occur in the Leydig cells of rats exposed to continuous light. The laboratory rat is considered a non-photoperiodic species because exposure to short photoperiod has little or no effect on the reproductive status. However, exposure of adult female rats to constant light induces polycystic ovaries, indicating that extreme changes in the photoperiod affect the reproductive function seriously. Adult male rats were placed under continuous light conditions for a duration of 15 weeks. After this period, the animals were killed and testicles were dissected and processed by routine histologic protocols. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The visualization of antigens was achieved by the streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Antibodies against chromogranin A, S-100 protein, P substance, synaptofisin, neurofilament protein-200, gliofibrillary acidic protein and neurone-specific enolase were used. The mean LH serum concentration was significantly lower, while the mean FSH level was significantly higher in treated animals. The expression of S-100, NSE, CrA, SP and SYN was significantly lower in treated animals. In conclusion, the constant light exposure acting directly at the pituitary level decreases LH secretion. The increased FSH secretion may be due to a partial reduction of the negative androgen feedback in the pituitary gland. Moreover, the constant light exposure affects the expression of some immunomarkers in Leydig cells, possibly because of the changes found in the gonadotrophin level and feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Ortega
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Ortega HH, Lorente JA, Salvetti NR. Immunohistochemical Study of Intermediate Filaments and Neuroendocrine Marker Expression in Leydig Cells of Laboratory Rodents. Anat Histol Embryol 2004; 33:309-15. [PMID: 15352886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to detect the expression of intermediate filaments and to verify the existence of marker substances for neuronal and neuroendocrine cells within the interstitial Leydig cells of laboratory rodent's testes, such as it has been described in other species. Adult male rats, mice, gerbils, Syrian hamsters and guinea-pigs were used and the localization of the different markers was achieved by the streptoavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. The present study demonstrates in all rodents studied a similar pattern of localization in Leydig cells of intermediate filaments (vimentin, cytokeratin, neurofilament 200 kD and glial fibrillary acidic protein) and other marker substances (S-100, CgA, substance P and neurone-specific enolase), which are typical of neuroendocrine (APUD cells or paraneurones) and glial cells. The expression of these substances, related to neurotransmitters or neurohomones and other proteins characteristic of neuroendocrine cells, could suggest that it is a neural crest derived cell. Although this study provides more evidences about the immunoexpression of neuronal and glial markers in Leydig cells, this fact cannot be related directly to their embryological origin, because the current data support the hypothesis of a mesenchymal origin of the Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Ortega
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), R. P. Kreder 2805, (3080) Esperenza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Lorente JA, Arango O, Bielsa O, Cortadellas R, Cañis D, Lloreta-Trull J, Gelabert-Mas A. [Comparative study of the effect of complete prolonged neoadjuvant hormonal blockade versus standard hormonal blockade]. Actas Urol Esp 2003; 27:678-83. [PMID: 14626676 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(03)72996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radical prostatectomy is considered as a curative treatment option in clinically localised prostate cancer patients. Therapy failure is related to positive surgical margins and/or extracapsular extension. The use of neoadjuvant combined androgen blockade (CAB) withdrawal therapy, mainly in cT2 disease, has been shown to decrease positive margin rates. However, CAB therapy remains controversial since there is no proof that this approach confers any benefit in relation to biochemical and clinical disease-free survival. Increasing negatives surgical margins and lower tumour volume (TV) with prolonged CAB therapy has been recently reported. AIM To analyse the effect of 6 months neoadjuvant CAB therapy in front of 3 months in clinically localised prostate cancer patients submitted to radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The pathological stage and TV in forty-two patients treated by 6 months in front of thirty-four patients treated by 3 months were studied. The relationship of clinical stage and initial PSA concentration were analysed. RESULTS TV was significantly lower in 6 months treated patients (0.97 cc vs. 0.48 cc, p = 0.05). The lowest TV was observed in cT1 patients, but significant differences only were observed in cT2 (1.5 cc vs. 0.86 cc, p = 0.04). No relationship between TV and PSA was obtained. No differences in the incidence of organ-confined disease were seen depending of the CAB length (47% vs. 43%, p = NS). However, increasing incidence of specimen-confined disease was observed in 6 months treated patients (56% vs. 74%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION The duration of neoadjuvant CAB can affect both TV and surgical margin status. Lower TV and increasing incidence of specimen-confined disease with 6 months CAB treatment were observed. Patients with palpable disease may be more benefited by this treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Servicio y Cátedra de Urología, Hospital del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
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Garofalo MG, Gangitano DA, Juvenal GJ, Budowle B, Lorente JA, Padula RA. Six Y-chromosome STR frequencies in a population from Argentina. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48:455-6. [PMID: 12665018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Garofalo
- Biochemical Nuclear Division, CNEA-CONICET, Argentina
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Lorente JA, Arango O, Bielsa O, Cortadellas R, Lloreta-Trull J, Gelabert-Mas A. A longer duration of neo-adjuvant combined androgen blockade prior to radical prostatectomy may lead to lower tumour volume of localised prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2003; 43:119-23. [PMID: 12565768 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(02)00583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse tumour volume (TV) in clinically localised prostate cancer patients treated with neo-adjuvant combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred consecutive patients treated between 1996 and 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Fifty patients underwent radical prostatectomy alone and 45 were treated with CAB for 1-3 months, 83 for 4-6 months and 22 for more than 6 months before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strongest independent prognosticator of organ-confined disease. RESULTS No evidence of residual cancer was found in 11 specimens (5.6%). Regarding TV, 20 specimens showed less than 0.1cc, 33 between 0.1 and 0.49cc and 86 more than 0.5cc. Smaller TV was found in CAB-treated patients. Significant correlation was observed between treatment duration and TV. In logistic regression analysis, only CAB duration and TV were significantly correlated with organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS Prominent regressive features and lower TV were found after neo-adjuvant CAB. It seems that more prolonged treatment may lead to greater tumoural regression. Only tumour burden and length of CAB therapy were independent variables significantly correlated with pathologically localised prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Maritim 25-29, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Martinez-Espin E, Fernández-Rosado F, Alvarez JC, Entrala C, Lorente JA, Oviedo de Duarte M, Villanueva E, Budowle B. Paraguayan population data on the fifteen STR loci included in the PowerPlex 16 kit. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48:253-5. [PMID: 12570248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Martinez-Espin
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Dept de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
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Fenández-Rosado F, Martinez-Espin E, Rodríguez T, Entrala C, Alvarez JC, Lorente JA, Lorente M, Budowle B, Villanueva E. Population data of Ecuador for fifteen STR loci (PowerPlex 16). J Forensic Sci 2003; 48:224-6. [PMID: 12570242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Fenández-Rosado
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Dept de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
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Martín M, Ruiz J, León C, Lorente J, López A, Artigas A, Castillo F, Ruiz J. Crit Care 2003; 7:P024. [DOI: 10.1186/cc1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Morales JA, Monterrosa JC, Alvarez JC, Entrala C, Lorente JA, Lorente M, Budowle B, Villanueva E. Population data on nine STR loci in an El Salvadoran (Central American) sample population. J Forensic Sci 2002; 47:900-1. [PMID: 12137005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Morales
- Laboratory of DNA, Instituto de Medicina Legal Roberto Masferrei, Corte Suprema de Justicia, San Salvador, El Salvador
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Lorente JA, Entrala C, Alvarez JC, Lorente M, Arce B, Heinrich B, Carrasco F, Budowle B, Villanueva E. Social benefits of non-criminal genetic databases: missing persons and human remains identification. Int J Legal Med 2002; 116:187-90. [PMID: 12111326 DOI: 10.1007/s004140100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A Missing Persons Genetic Identification Program (Phoenix Program) was implemented in Spain in order to try to identify cadavers and human remains that could not be identified using traditional forensic approaches; to our knowledge, this is the first database ever implemented and in function in the world. Two separate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) databases have been generated and comparisons can be made automatically to match identical or similar sequences contained in both databases. One database is called the Reference Database (RD), which contains mtDNA sequences from maternal relatives of missing persons that provide the samples voluntarily after informed consent. The other database is called the Questioned Database (QD) and is comprised of mtDNA data on unknown remains and cadavers that could not be unequivocally identified. The combined database is a civil database designed solely for human identification and because of the informed consent and voluntary donation of reference samples is different from other databases now used to solve criminal cases. It is timely and incumbent on other willing countries to begin an international collaboration so compatibility and full utility can be enjoyed with this kind of non-criminal database.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Madrid 11, 18012 Granada, Spain.
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Lorente JA, Arango O, Bielsa O, Cortadellas R, Gelabert-Mas A. Effect of antibiotic treatment on serum PSA and percent free PSA levels in patients with biochemical criteria for prostate biopsy and previous lower urinary tract infections. Int J Biol Markers 2002; 17:84-9. [PMID: 12113586 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2008.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists as to the influence of inflammatory foci on total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations. The objective was to analyze the biological variations of PSA and percent free PSA (%f-PSA) in patients with biochemical criteria for prostate biopsy (PSA higher than 4 ng/mL and normal rectal examination) and compare them with the variation induced by antibiotic treatment in a cohort of patients with a history of lower urinary tract infections and no clinical evidence of prostatitis. METHODS Ninety patients with a history of lower urinary tract infections, non-suspicious digital rectal examination and PSA between 4 and 20 ng/mL were analyzed. PSA concentration and %f-PSA were determined. Forty-five patients were treated with three weeks of ofloxacin, following which marker determination was repeated. All patients underwent ultrasound-controlled transrectal six-core prostate biopsy. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients presented benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (30 with prostatitic foci) and 23 cancer. Significant variations in PSA (6.97 ng/mL vs. 5.82 ng/mL, p=0.001) and %f-PSA (14.84% vs. 17.53%, p=0.01) were found only in the treated patients. These differences were significant for patients with BPH-associated prostatitic foci and not for patients with BPH or cancer. The tendency was for PSA to decrease (15 treated patients with PSA <4 ng/mL vs. six non-treated patients) and for %f-PSA to increase. The median variation of %f-PSA was greater than that of PSA. When the cutoff for %f-PSA was set at 25%, 18.9% of unnecessary biopsies after the first determination and 20% after the second could be avoided. By associating the reduction in PSA, up to 46% could be avoided in treated patients. CONCLUSION Biochemical criteria for prostate biopsy may be modified in patients with a history of lower urinary tract infections due to variations greater than those explained by intraindividual biological variations, and may be influenced by the antibiotic treatment. These results suggest that subclinical inflammatory foci may influence PSA and %f-PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Urology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Gangitano DA, Garófalo MG, Juvenal GJ, Budowle B, Lorente JA, Padula RA. STR data for the PowerPlex 16 loci in Buenos Aires population (Argentina). J Forensic Sci 2002; 47:418-20. [PMID: 11908627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Gangitano
- DNA Section, Chemical Laboratory Division, Federal Police, Argentina
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Arce B, Heinrichs B, Armenteros MF, Carrasco F, Lorente JA, Budowle B. Spanish population data on nine STR loci. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:1003-4. [PMID: 11451051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Arce
- Laboratory of Criminalistic-CIC, Direction General de la Guardia Civil, Madrid, Spain
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Lorente JA, Entrala C, Alvarez JC, Arce B, Heinrichs B, Lorente M, Carrasco F, Budowle B, Villanueva E. Identification of missing persons: the Spanish "Phoenix" program. Croat Med J 2001; 42:267-70. [PMID: 11387636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1999, Spain was the first country to officially start a National Program to try to identify cadavers and human remains which could not be identified by the use of traditional forensic approaches. This attempt is called "Phoenix Program". Two independent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) databases were generated, which can automatically compare and match identical or similar sequences. One is the Reference Database, with mtDNA sequences from maternal relatives of missing persons, who provide the samples (buccal swabs) voluntarily; the other is the Questioned Database, comprised of mtDNA data of unknown remains and cadavers. Although the first phase of the program (typing of all unidentified human remains) will probably not be completed until December 2003, positive identifications are being made in the interim. To date, more than 1,200 families have contacted Phoenix, and at least 280 reference samples and 48 questioned evidences have been analyzed. When mtDNA matches are found, another independent analysis is performed as a part of the quality control mechanism. Once a match is confirmed (so far in 6 cases), an attempt is made to analyze short tandem repeat (STR) loci. We call for international collaboration to make this effort valuable worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
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Gangitano DA, Juvenal GJ, Lorente JA, Budowle B, Padula RA. Population data on eight STR loci in Buenos Aires (Argentina). J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:183. [PMID: 11210911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Gangitano
- Chemical Laboratory Division, Federal Police, Argentina
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Lorente JA. The AICEF/GITAD: Latin American Academy of Criminalistics and Forensic Studies. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:196-7. [PMID: 11210917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Pagano S, Alvarez JC, Entrala C, Lorente JA, Lorente M, Budowle B, Villanueva E. Uruguayan population data for eight STR loci (using the PowerPlex 1.2 kit). J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:178. [PMID: 11210909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pagano
- Laboratory of Criminalistics-DNA. Policia Técnica del Uruguay, Montenvideo, RO
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Lorente JA, Entrala C, Alvarez JC, Lorente M, Villanueva E, Carrasco F, Budowle B. Missing persons identification: genetics at work for society. Science 2000; 290:2257c-8c. [PMID: 17774595 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5500.2257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lorente JA, Tejedor C, Delgado MA, Fernández-Segoviano P, Jara N, Tobalina R, Rodríguez-Corcos A, Moscoso A, Esteban A. Hemodynamic, biochemical and morphological changes induced by aminoguanidine in normal and septic sheep. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:1670-80. [PMID: 11193275 DOI: 10.1007/s001340000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the acute hemodynamic, metabolic, and morphological changes induced by aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, in septic sheep. DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized animal study. SETTING Animal research facility in a University Hospital. INTERVENTIONS Adult sheep, sedated and mechanically ventilated, were monitored with a pulmonary arterial catheter and an ultrasonic blood flow probe in the mesenteric artery, to measure the systemic (Q(TOT)I) and the mesenteric (Q(MES)I) blood flow indices, and an ileal tonometer. Four groups of sheep were studied: nonseptic, septic, nonseptic treated with aminoguanidine, and septic treated with aminoguanidine (100 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) (n = 6 for each group). Sepsis was induced by the intravenous administration of E. coli. Hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were measured during 300 min. Histological changes in the liver and small intestinal mucosa were analyzed at the end of the experiment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In nonseptic animals, aminoguanidine slightly increased mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP), decreased Q(TOT)I, and increased vascular resistance index (SVRI) and pulmonary vascular resistance index. Q(MEs)I did not change and Q(MES)I/Q(ToT)I increased. Aminoguanidine also induced intestinal intramucosal hypercarbia, hyperlactatemia, acidemia, hypoglycemia, and morphological signs indicative of tissue ischemia in the small intestinal mucosa. In septic sheep, aminoguanidine increased SVRI and MAP only at 4 h after the septic challenge and thereafter, and worsened gas exchange. CONCLUSIONS In this model, exogenous administration of aminoguanidine induces beneficial hemodynamic effects 4 h after the septic challenge. In normal animals, however, aminoguanidine was associated with hypoglycemia, acidosis, hyperlactatemia, and intestinal mucosal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Lorente JA, Ezpeleta A, Esteban A, Gordo F, de la Cal MA, Díaz C, Arévalo JM, Tejedor C, Pascual T. Systemic hemodynamics, gastric intramucosal PCO2 changes, and outcome in critically ill burn patients. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:1728-35. [PMID: 10890610 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200006000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the hemodynamic and gastric intramucosal PCO2 (PiCO2) changes during the first 48 hrs after burn trauma and to analyze their relationship with outcome. DESIGN Prospective, observational study in a cohort of consecutively admitted critically ill burn patients. SETTING Intensive care burn unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS Forty-two patients with burns covering >20% of body surface area or inhalation injury. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients were monitored with an oximetric pulmonary arterial catheter and a gastric tonometer to measure PiCO2. The difference between arterial and gastric mucosal PCO2 (P[i-a]CO2) was considered indicative of gastric mucosal hypoxia. Hemodynamic and PiCO2 measurements were performed during the first 48 hrs after admission. Patients suffered burns covering 36.1% +/- 14.3% (mean +/- SD) and 45.3% +/- 21.9% of body surface area (survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively). All patients were successfully resuscitated by conventional standards. Nonsurvivors (n = 16) died a median of 17 days after admission. In univariate analysis, the presence of shock during the resuscitation phase, age, mixed venous pH, P[i-a]CO2, right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, cardiac index, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, left ventricular stroke work index, mixed venous oxygen saturation, and systemic oxygen delivery, consumption, and extraction ratio, measured over the first 12 hrs after admission, were significantly (p < .05) different between survivors and nonsurvivors. These differences disappeared after 12 hrs after admission. Multivariate analysis identified age, percentage body surface area burned, and oxygen delivery index (6 hrs after admission) as factors independently associated with a poor outcome. P[i-a]CO2 (12 hrs after admission) was significantly greater in patients with than in those without inhalation injury (17 +/- 13 torr [2.26 +/- 1.73 kPa] vs. 6 +/- 10 torr [0.79 +/- 1.33 kPa]; p = .005). Patients with a P[i-a]CO2 difference (6 hrs after admission) > or =10 torr (1.33 kPa) had a mortality rate of 56% vs. 25% of those patients with <10 torr (p = .044). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that there are hemodynamic and biochemical changes that occur early after burn trauma that are associated with prognosis after an apparently successful resuscitation. Particularly, a hemodynamic profile characterized by systemic acidosis, low systemic blood flow, and systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction early after trauma is associated with a poor outcome. Additionally, intestinal mucosal acidosis occurs after burn trauma, is influenced by inhalation injury, and is a variable related to outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Salvetti NR, Ricci N, Dallard BE, Lorente JA, Iguzquiza I, Ortega HH. Lectinhistochemical and cytometrical evaluation of the corpus luteum of the rat at the end of pregnancy. Anat Histol Embryol 2000; 29:129-34. [PMID: 10916873 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2000.00236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on the biochemistry and structure of the corpus luteum have focused on elucidating the processes of progesterone synthesis and release. In the present work, the histochemical composition of the corpus luteum of the rat was evaluated using lectinhistochemistry on rats at the end of pregnancy (days 18-23). We also analysed the morphology of the luteal cells, to characterize the changes attributable to regression in this organ. Seven biotinylated lectins were used (CON-A, WGA, DBA, SBA, PNA, RCA and UEA-I) following pre-set protocols (ABC method). The average diameter and area of the cells and their nuclei were measured. High reactivity of the luteal cells was observed with CON-A and a lower reactivity with WGA. The capillary endothelium gave positive reactivity with WGA and to a certain extent with SBA, PNA and RCA. Vesicular structures were intensely stained with DBA, and were more abundant in sections from animals with more advanced pregnancy, which could be attributable to cellular debris, on the basis of their morphologic characteristics. There were no significant differences among the cytometric variables analysed in comparisons of the values corresponding to the different days of gestation. These observations, together with previous research, suggest that, on the day of delivery, the corpus luteum of the rat is in the very early stages of structural regression, with no changes at the morphological level, but with changes at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Salvetti
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe skin disorder characterized by separation of the dermal-epidermal junction, as is observed in second-degree superficial burns. It has been proposed that immunosuppressive treatment may improve prognosis of patients with TEN. METHODS We report here a case series of patients with TEN treated with cyclosporin A (CSA) without other concomitant immunosuppressive agent. These patients (n = 11) were consecutively admitted to our Intensive Care Burn Unit because of severe TEN, involving a large body surface area (83 +/- 17% [mean +/- SD], median, 90%; range, 35-96%) and were treated with CSA 3 mg/kg per day enterally every 12 hours. We compared the series of patients treated with CSA with a historical series of patients admitted to our Intensive Care Burn Unit before CSA was introduced as part of the treatment protocol These patients (n = 6) were treated with cyclophosphamide (150 mg i.v. every 12 hours) and different doses of corticosteroids (> or =1 mg/kg per day of 6-methyl-prednisolone). Both groups of patients were similar in regard to age, delay from onset of disease to Intensive Care Burn Unit admission, and body surface area involved. RESULTS Time from the onset of skin signs to arrest of the disease progression (1.4 +/- 0.3 days, vs. 3.6 +/- 1.5 days) and to complete reepithelialization (12.0 +/- 3.6 days, vs. 17.6 +/- 3.1 days) was significantly shorter in patients treated with CSA compared with those treated with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids (p = 0.0002, and p = 0.0058, respectively). Significantly fewer patients in the CSA group had > or =4 organs failing (2 of 11 vs. 3 of 6, respectively, p = 0.029), had severe leukopenia (<1,000 cells/microL) (0 of 11 vs. 4 of 6, respectively, p = 0.006), or died (3 of 6 vs. 0 of 11, respectively, p = 0.0029). CONCLUSION We conclude that immunosuppressive treatment with CSA is safe and is associated with a rapid reepithelialization rate and a low mortality rate in patients with severe TEN. Our data suggest that this regimen could be more effective than treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. Prospective controlled trials are required to test the hypothesis that CSA is more effective than cyclophosphamide or other immunosuppressive regimens for the treatment of TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Arévalo
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Arévalo JM, Lorente JA. [Advances in the treatment of the critically burnt patient]. Med Clin (Barc) 1999; 113:746-53. [PMID: 10680128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Arévalo
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid.
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Lorente JA, Delgado MA, Tejedor C, Mon E, Hervás M, Pascual T, Fernández-Segoviano P, Rieppi G, Soler A, Ayuso D, Esteban A. Modulation of systemic hemodynamics by exogenous L-arginine in normal and bacteremic sheep. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2474-9. [PMID: 10579267 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199911000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether exogenous L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthase, modulates systemic hemodynamics in sepsis. DESIGN Prospective, controlled study in a sheep model of sepsis. SETTING Animal research facility in a university hospital. SUBJECTS Adult sheep weighing between 35 and 55 kg. INTERVENTIONS Adult sheep sedated and mechanically ventilated, were monitored with a pulmonary arterial catheter and an ileal tonometer. Four groups of sheep were studied: nonseptic, septic, nonseptic treated with L-arginine, and septic treated with L-arginine. Sepsis was induced by the intravenous administration of Escherichia coli (1.5x10(8) colony-forming units/kg for 30 mins). L-arginine was administered as an intravenous bolus (200 mg/kg for 10 mins) before the septic challenge followed by 200 mg/kg/hr for 300 mins. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sepsis induced a state of acidosis, hyperlactatemia, hypoxemia, and gastric intramucosal acidosis. During the first 30 mins after the septic challenge, there was a decrease in cardiac index and blood pressure, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance. Thereafter, blood pressure returned to baseline values, and systemic vascular resistance fell. Treatment with L-arginine in nonseptic sheep did not induce any biochemical or hemodynamic effect. In septic sheep, treatment with L-arginine was associated with a greater increase in systemic vascular resistance during the first 30 mins, and a more marked decrease in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance after 180 mins. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous administration of L-arginine does not induce hemodynamic effects in normal animals, exacerbates the acute vasoconstriction associated with the intravenous infusion of E. coli and potentiates the sepsis-induced vasodilation. Our results suggest that a) nitric oxide production is not constitutively modulated by exogenous L-arginine, b) L-arginine probably enhances the sepsis-induced sympathetic discharge, and c) L-arginine becomes rate-limiting for the formation of nitric oxide at approximately 3 hrs after the initiation of the septic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lorente
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Entrala C, Lorente JA, Lorente M, Alvarez JC, Budowle B, Villanueva E. Spanish population data on the loci D13S317, D7S820, and D16S539 generated using silver staining (SilverSTR III Multiplex). J Forensic Sci 1999; 44:1032-4. [PMID: 10486952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A set of 212 samples from unrelated Spanish Caucasians living in Andalucia (southern Spain) were analyzed with a new commercially-available kit for multiplex amplification of 3 STR loci (D13S137, D7S820, and D16S539), manual denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. These three loci are of special interest for the forensic community since they are a part of the 13 CODIS-core STR loci. The results show that the loci D13S317 and D16S539 meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE), but the locus D7S820 did not meet HWE (p = 0.003). However, there was no detectable departures from independence (i.e., linkage disequilibrium) between any pair-wise combination of loci. The D7S820 data were further investigated. The excess homozygosity was due to an excess of D7S820 10, 10 homozygotes. To determine if the allele frequency data are meaningful and can be applied to forensic identity cases, the Spanish D7S820 allele frequency data were compared with four other Caucasian sample populations. The D7S820 allele frequencies were statistically similar; thus, the results support that the allele frequency data can be used reliably for estimating DNA profile frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Entrala
- Dept. de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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