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Walford G, Green T, Neale B, Isakova T, Rotter J, Grant S, Fox C, Pankow J, Wilson J, Meigs J, Siscovick D, Bowden D, Daly M, Florez J. Common genetic variants differentially influence the transition from clinically defined states of fasting glucose metabolism. Diabetologia 2012; 55:331-9. [PMID: 22038522 PMCID: PMC3589986 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Common genetic variants have been associated with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that a subset of these variants may have different effects on the transition from normal fasting glucose (NFG) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) than on that from IFG to diabetes. METHODS We identified 16 type 2 diabetes risk variants from the Illumina Broad Candidate-gene Association Resource (CARe) array genotyped in 26,576 CARe participants. Participants were categorised at baseline as NFG, IFG or type 2 diabetic (n = 16,465, 8,017 or 2,291, respectively). Using Cox proportional hazards and likelihood ratio tests (LRTs), we compared rates of progression by genotype for 4,909 (NFG to IFG) and 1,518 (IFG to type 2 diabetes) individuals, respectively. We then performed multinomial regression analyses at baseline, comparing the risk of assignment to the NFG, IFG or diabetes groups by genotype. RESULTS The rate of progression from NFG to IFG was significantly greater in participants carrying the risk allele at MTNR1B (p = 1 × 10(-4)), nominally greater at GCK and SLC30A8 (p < 0.05) and nominally smaller at IGF2BP2 (p = 0.01) than the rate of progression from IFG to diabetes by the LRT. Results of the baseline, multinomial regression model were consistent with these findings. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Common genetic risk variants at GCK, SLC30A8, IGF2BP2 and MTNR1B influence to different extents the development of IFG and the transition from IFG to type 2 diabetes. Our findings may have implications for understanding the genetic contribution of these variants to the development of IFG and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Walford
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Simches Research Building - CPZN 5.250, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T. Green
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Simches Research Building - CPZN 5.250, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B. Neale
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Simches Research Building - CPZN 5.250, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T. Isakova
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J.I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S.F.A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C.S. Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J.S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J.G. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, V.A. Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - J.B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D.S. Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D.W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Centers for Human Genomics and Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - M.J. Daly
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Simches Research Building - CPZN 5.250, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J.C. Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Simches Research Building - CPZN 5.250, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Calvo-Alén J, De Cos MA, Rodríguez-Valverde V, Escallada R, Florez J, Arias M. Subclinical renal toxicity in rheumatic patients receiving longterm treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. J Rheumatol 1994; 21:1742-7. [PMID: 7799360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the possible renal toxicity of longterm treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), in a population of patients with rheumatic diseases. METHODS Comparative study of 104 patients treated for more than 2 years with NSAID and 123 healthy controls, nonusers of these drugs. After fasting during 12 h the following tests were performed in both groups: urinalysis, creatinine clearance, osmolar clearance, negative free water clearance, and urinary excretion of sodium. RESULTS In the patient group the urinary pH was higher than in the controls (5.9 +/- 0.7 versus 5.2 +/- 0.6 p < 0.05) and in addition, they had an impaired renal concentration capacity, as it is shown by a significant decreased urinary density (1018.6 +/- 4.7 vs 1026.3 +/- 5.4 in the controls p < 0.05), a decreased urinary osmolality (502.1 +/- 150.7 vs 661.6 +/- 157.6 mOsm/ml p < 0.001), a lower osmolar clearance (1.26 +/- 0.25 ml/min vs 1.83 +/- 0.4 ml/min p < 0.001) and an increased free water clearance (-0.21 +/- 0.40 ml/min vs -0.98 +/- 0.41 ml/min, p < 0.001). This renal impairment was related to the cumulative intake of NSAID: CONCLUSION The longterm treatment with NSAID is able to produce a subclinical renal dysfunction, consistent with the early stages of analgesic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Calvo-Alén
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario M. de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Abstract
Data collected during 2 years on four grasses (three cultivars of timothy and one cultivar of bromegrass) harvested at four stages of growth were analyzed to identify variables that affect the nutritive value of grass hays for sheep. From 11 June, the day of the first harvest, to July 25, the percentage of crude protein (CP) decreased 0.17 unit/d (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001) and the percentage of acid detergent lignin (ADL) increased 0.06 units/d (r2 = 0.74, P < 0.001). Over this period, dry matter (DM) intake decreased at a rate of 0.41 g kg−0.75 d−1 (r2 = 0.54, P < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with fiber content (P < 0.001). Delay of harvest caused a decrease in percent digestibility of 0.39 unit/d for DM (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001), 0.38 unit/d for energy (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.001), 0.54 unit/d for CP (r2 = 0.77, P < 0.001) and 0.63 unit/d for NDF (r2 = 0.93, P < 0.001). Total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased 0.35 unit/d (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001). Date of harvest and %ADL were used to estimate energy value of hays. Digestible energy intake and TDN intake values decreased by 122.4 kJ kg−0.75 (r2 = 0.87, P < 0.001) and 6.6 g kg−0.75 (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001), respectively, for each 1% increase in ADL of the hays. Equations were developed to estimate digestible DM intake and TDN intake, using NDF and ADF as independent variables. The predictive value of the equations was good when applied to data obtained from previous experiments (r2 = 0.87–0.91, n = 11, P < 0.001). Key words: Nutritive value, forages, sheep
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