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Boutin S, Elder J, Sothilingam N, Davis P, Oyedokun T. Epidemiology and outcomes for level 1 and 2 traumas during the first wave of COVID19 in a Canadian centre. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20345. [PMID: 36437249 PMCID: PMC9701679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine if lockdown measures imposed during the first wave of the COVID19 pandemic affected trauma patterns, volumes, and outcomes in a western Canadian level 1 trauma center, we performed a retrospective cohort study assessing level 1 and 2 trauma patients presenting to our center during the initial COVID19 "lockdown" period (March 15-June 14, 2020) compared to a similar cohort of patients presenting during a "control" period 1 year prior (March 15-June 14, 2019). Overall, we saw a 7.8% reduction in trauma volumes during the lockdown period, and this was associated with a shorter average ED length of stay (6.2 ± 4.7 h vs. 9.7 ± 11.8 h, p = 0.003), reduced time to computed tomography (88.5 ± 68.2 min vs. 105.1 ± 65.5 min, p < 0.001), a reduction in intensive care unit admissions (11.0 ± 4.9% vs. 20.0 ± 15.5%, p = 0.001), and higher injury severity score (6.5 ± 7.6 vs. 6.2 ± 9.5, p = 0.04). Our findings suggest that lockdown measures imposed during the first wave of the COVID19 pandemic had a significant impact on trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Boutin
- grid.412271.30000 0004 0462 8356Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - J. Elder
- grid.412271.30000 0004 0462 8356Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - N. Sothilingam
- grid.412271.30000 0004 0462 8356Department of Surgery, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - P. Davis
- grid.412271.30000 0004 0462 8356Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - T. Oyedokun
- grid.412271.30000 0004 0462 8356Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
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Li Q, He K, Patrick M, Tejasvi T, Zhang H, Stuart P, Nair R, Gudjonsson J, Elder J, Tsoi L. 511 Kullback-Leibler divergence model to integrate genetic and genomic information to assess drug response for psoriatic patients. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dand N, Tsoi L, Barker J, Simpson M, Elder J, Psoriasis GWAS Consortium I. 505 Expanded GWAS meta-analysis offers novel insights into psoriasis biology. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Patel S, Zhao S, Wei L, Li M, Bertino E, Presley C, Welliver M, Haglund K, Palmer J, Arnett A, Beyer S, Mende E, Elder J, Hardesty D, Shields P, Carbone D, Otterson G, Williams T, Owen D. P21.02 Incidence and Outcomes of Brain Metastases in Unresectable Stage III Patients with NSCLC Treated with Durvalumab after Chemoradiation. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jamaludin J, Rowan S, Elder J. EBUS-TBNA for diagnosis and staging of hilar and mediastinal adenopathy; experience in the Ulster Hospital, Dundonald. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fleck BW, Williams C, Juszczak E, Cocker K, Stenson BJ, Darlow BA, Dai S, Gole GA, Quinn GE, Wallace DK, Ells A, Carden S, Butler L, Clark D, Elder J, Wilson C, Biswas S, Shafiq A, King A, Brocklehurst P, Fielder AR. An international comparison of retinopathy of prematurity grading performance within the Benefits of Oxygen Saturation Targeting II trials. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:74-80. [PMID: 28752837 PMCID: PMC5669461 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether the observed international differences in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment rates within the Benefits of Oxygen Saturation Targeting (BOOST) II trials might have been caused by international variation in ROP disease grading. Methods Groups of BOOST II trial ophthalmologists in UK, Australia, and New Zealand (ANZ), and an international reference group (INT) used a web based system to grade a selection of RetCam images of ROP acquired during the BOOST II UK trial. Rates of decisions to treat, plus disease grading, ROP stage grading, ROP zone grading, inter-observer variation within groups and intra-observer variation within groups were measured. Results Forty-two eye examinations were graded. UK ophthalmologists diagnosed treat-requiring ROP more frequently than ANZ ophthalmologists, 13.9 (3.49) compared to 9.4 (4.46) eye examinations, P=0.038. UK ophthalmologists diagnosed plus disease more frequently than ANZ ophthalmologists, 14.1 (6.23) compared to 8.5 (3.24) eye examinations, P=0.021. ANZ ophthalmologists diagnosed stage 2 ROP more frequently than UK ophthalmologists, 20.2 (5.8) compared to 12.7 (7.1) eye examinations, P=0.026. There were no other significant differences in the grading of ROP stage or zone. Inter-observer variation was higher within the UK group than within the ANZ group. Intra-observer variation was low in both groups. Conclusions We have found evidence of international variation in the diagnosis of treatment-requiring ROP. Improved standardisation of the diagnosis of treatment-requiring ROP is required. Measures might include improved training in the grading of ROP, using an international approach, and further development of ROP image analysis software.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Fleck
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Williams
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E Juszczak
- Clinical Trials Unit, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Cocker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B J Stenson
- Neonatal Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B A Darlow
- Cure Kids Professor of Paediatric Research, Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S Dai
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Starship Children's Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G A Gole
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G E Quinn
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D K Wallace
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A Ells
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Carden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Butler
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Biswas
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - A Shafiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, Newcastle Eye Centre, Newcastle, UK
| | - A King
- Clinical Trials Unit, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Brocklehurst
- Clinical Trials Unit, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A R Fielder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, City University, London, UK
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Tsoi L, Stuart P, Tian C, Gudjonsson J, al E, Hinds D, Nair R, Abecasis G, Elder J. 358 Large scale meta-analysis characterizes genetic architecture for common psoriasis-associated variants. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Enerbäck C, Sandin C, Lambert S, Zawistowski M, Tsoi L, Nair R, Johnston A, Elder J. 360 The protective TYK2 I684S variant impairs IL-12 stimulated p-STAT4 response in skin-homing CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hambro C, Johnston A, Zhang Z, Lambert S, Elder J. 063 Efficient assay for generation of human Th17 cells. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moor M, Brodine S, Garfein R, Rashidi H, Fraga M, Kritz-Silverstein D, Alcaraz J, Elder J. Individual and community factors contributing to anemia among women and
children living in a rural community in Baja California, Mexico. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Dummer R, Duvic M, Scarisbrick J, Olsen EA, Rozati S, Eggmann N, Goldinger SM, Hutchinson K, Geskin L, Illidge TM, Giuliano E, Elder J, Kim YH. Final results of a multicenter phase II study of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor forodesine in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) (Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome). Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1807-1812. [PMID: 24948692 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forodesine is a potent inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) that leads to intracellular accumulation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) in T and B cells, resulting in apoptosis. Forodesine has demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in early phase clinical trials in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this phase II study, patients with CTCL who had already failed three or more systemic therapies were recruited. We investigated the response rate, safety and tolerability of oral forodesine treatment in subjects with cutaneous manifestations of CTCL, stages IB, IIA, IIB, III and IVA. The safety population encompassing all stages was used for analysis of accountability, demographics and safety. The efficacy population differed from the safety population by exclusion of stage IB and IIA patients. RESULTS All 144 patients had performance status 0-2. The median duration of CTCL from diagnosis was 53 months (5-516 months). The median number of pretreatments was 4 (range: 3-15). No complete remissions were observed. In the efficacy group of patients, 11% achieved partial remission and 50% had stable disease. The median time to response was 56 days and the median duration of response was 191 days. A total of 96% of all treated patients reported one or more adverse events (AEs) and 33% reported a serious AE. The majority of AEs were classified as mild or moderate in severity. The most commonly reported AEs (>10%) were peripheral edema, fatigue, insomnia, pruritus, diarrhea, headache and nausea. Overall eight patients died during the study: five due to sepsis and infections, one due to a second malignancy (esophageal cancer), one due to disease progression and one due to liver failure. CONCLUSION Oral forodesine at a dose of 200 mg daily is feasible and shows partial efficacy in this highly selected CTCL population and some durable responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - M Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Scarisbrick
- Department Dermatology, Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E A Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - S Rozati
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Eggmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S M Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - L Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - T M Illidge
- School of Cancer and Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Giuliano
- Clinical Development, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Durham
| | - J Elder
- Statistics, PharPoint Research, Inc., Chapel Hill
| | - Y H Kim
- Clinical Research, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, USA
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de Jong MD, Ison MG, Monto AS, Metev H, Clark C, O'Neil B, Elder J, McCullough A, Collis P, Sheridan WP. Evaluation of Intravenous Peramivir for Treatment of Influenza in Hospitalized Patients. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:e172-85. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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McLeod T, Samson C, Labrie M, Shehata K, Mah J, Lai P, Wang L, Elder J. Using Video Acquired from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to Measure Fracture Orientation in an Open-Pit Mine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5623/cig2013-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This project explored the feasibility of using video images acquired with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to obtain three-dimensional (3D) point clouds using structure from motion (SfM) software. Missions were flown using an Aeryon Scout: a lightweight, vertical take-off and landing quadrotor micro UAV with a miniature video camera. The initial mission captured urban scene images that were used to assess system performance while the main mission focused on rock walls where 3D images were used to successfully measure fracture orientations. Point clouds generated from this combination of technologies were sparse, but in the future, improvements in the resolution of original video images would cascade through the processing and improve the overall results. Such a system could have a multitude of applications in the mining industry, contributing to both safety and financial considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. McLeod
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - C. Samson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - M. Labrie
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - K. Shehata
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - J. Mah
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - P. Lai
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - L. Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - J.H. Elder
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
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DeSimone C, Elder J, Edwards A, Slone S, Feddock J, Miller R, Baldwin L, van Nagell J, Ueland F. Endometrial cancer lesion size is predictive of disease recurrence and long-term survival. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Elder J, Long A, Miller R, Ueland W, DeSimone C, Hoff J, Kryscio R, van Nagell J, Pavlik E, Ueland F. Monitoring ovarian tumors using serial ultrasound with tumor morphology index. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dohle C, Elder J, Elashvili M, Reding M. Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Biomarkers Associated with Complications Requiring Transfer Back to an Acute-Care Hospital (P01.169). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p01.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Seamon L, Cohn D, Carlson M, Elder J, Ferda A, Taege S, Ueland F, Shelton B, Slone S, DeSimone C. Selective versus systematic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer: A cohort survival analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Elder J, Mattingly M, Ferda A, DeSimone C, Ware R, Ueland F, van Nagell J, Carlson J, Seamon L. The use of bevacizumab and cytotoxic and consolidation chemotherapy for the upfront treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: Practice patterns among medical and gynecologic oncology SGO members. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Miller R, DeSimone C, Ueland F, Seamon L, Podzielinski I, Goodrich S, Elder J, Pavlik E, van Nagell J. Long-term survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer detected by sonographic screening. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Morgenstern Y, Elder J. Noise does not shrink the summation region for grating detection. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bruni AC, Momeni P, Bernardi L, Tomaino C, Frangipane F, Elder J, Kawarai T, Sato C, Pradella S, Wakutani Y, Anfossi M, Gallo M, Geracitano S, Costanzo A, Smirne N, Curcio SAM, Mirabelli M, Puccio G, Colao R, Maletta RG, Kertesz A, St George-Hyslop P, Hardy J, Rogaeva E. Heterogeneity within a large kindred with frontotemporal dementia: a novel progranulin mutation. Neurology 2007; 69:140-7. [PMID: 17620546 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000265220.64396.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in several 17q21-linked families was recently explained by truncating mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN). OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of GRN mutations in a cohort of Caucasian patients with FTD without mutations in known FTD genes. METHODS GRN was sequenced in a series of 78 independent FTD patients including 23 familial subjects. A different Calabrian dataset (109 normal control subjects and 96 FTD patients) was used to establish the frequency of the GRN mutation. RESULTS A novel truncating GRN mutation (c.1145insA) was detected in a proband of an extended consanguineous Calabrian kindred. Segregation analysis of 70 family members revealed 19 heterozygous mutation carriers including 9 patients affected by FTD. The absence of homozygous carriers in a highly consanguineous kindred may indicate that the loss of both GRN alleles might lead to embryonic lethality. An extremely variable age at onset in the mutation carriers (more than five decades apart) is not explained by APOE genotypes or the H1/H2 MAPT haplotypes. Intriguingly, the mutation was excluded in four FTD patients belonging to branches with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of FTD, suggesting that another novel FTD gene accounts for the disease in the phenocopies. It is difficult to clinically distinguish phenocopies from GRN mutation carriers, except that language in mutation carriers was more severely compromised. CONCLUSION The current results imply further genetic heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementia, as we detected only one GRN-linked family (about 1%). The value of discovering large kindred includes the possibility of a longitudinal study of GRN mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy.
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Schymick JC, Yang Y, Andersen PM, Vonsattel JP, Greenway M, Momeni P, Elder J, Chiò A, Restagno G, Robberecht W, Dahlberg C, Mukherjee O, Goate A, Graff-Radford N, Caselli RJ, Hutton M, Gass J, Cannon A, Rademakers R, Singleton AB, Hardiman O, Rothstein J, Hardy J, Traynor BJ. Progranulin mutations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia phenotypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:754-6. [PMID: 17371905 PMCID: PMC2117704 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene were recently described as the cause of ubiquitin positive frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Clinical and pathological overlap between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and FTD prompted us to screen PGRN in patients with ALS and ALS-FTD. METHODS The PGRN gene was sequenced in 272 cases of sporadic ALS, 40 cases of familial ALS and in 49 patients with ALS-FTD. RESULTS Missense changes were identified in an ALS-FTD patient (p.S120Y) and in a single case of limb onset sporadic ALS (p.T182M), although the pathogenicity of these variants remains unclear. CONCLUSION PGRN mutations are not a common cause of ALS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Schymick
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Elder J. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Edited by P. W. Dykes and M. R. B. Keighley, 234 × 156 mm. Pp. 472 + xvi. Illustrated. 1981. Bristol: Wright · PSG. £27·50. Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800700526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gupta L, Elder J. Lung squeeze: a helpful adjunct in diagnosis. Cytopathology 2005; 16:269-70. [PMID: 16181321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2005.00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rajagopal R, Deakin M, Fawole AS, Elder JB, Elder J, Smith V, Strange RC, Fryer AA. Glutathione S -transferase T1 polymorphisms are associated with outcome in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:2157-63. [PMID: 16051638 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of mortality accounting for approximately 10% of all deaths from malignancy in the western world. Polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 gene has been associated with CRC risk in some but not all studies. In this study, we examined associations between GSTT1 genotypes and CRC risk, and prognosis in 361 cases and 881 unrelated controls. GSTT1 null was associated with a small but significant increase in risk (P = 0.0006, odds ratio (OR) = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-2.24). GSTT1 null was also associated with a significantly younger age at diagnosis (mean 65.2 years) compared with GSTT1 A (mean 67.6 years, P = 0.031). There were no significant associations between GSTT1 genotypes and clinical factors (e.g. Dukes stage, differentiation and tumour node metastasis classification) in the total case group. However, following stratification by age (<70 versus > or =70 years at diagnosis), in the patients diagnosed <70 years of age, GSTT1 null was more common in Dukes grade A/B tumours (P = 0.046), stage T1/T2 tumours (P = 0.053) and those with a pushing margin (P = 0.066). We also identified associations between GSTT1 null and increased prevalence of host lymphocyte response, particularly in the younger patients (P = 0.036). Furthermore, GSTT1 null was associated with improved survival in younger patients (P = 0.017, hazards ratio (HR) = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.89) but poorer survival in older patients (P = 0.017, HR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.12-3.20). We proposed a model based on the dual functionality of GSTT1 to explain these contrasting results. We suggest that the null genotype is associated with improved immune response in younger patients, but poorer detoxification in older patients. These findings may also provide an explanation for the contrasting finding of other studies on the role of this gene in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajagopal
- Human Genomics Research Group, University of Keele, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
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Elder J. Inhaled corticosteroids: no association with pregnancy induced hypertension in asthmatics. Thorax 2005. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.la0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gilliam AD, Watson SA, Henwood M, McKenzie AJ, Humphreys JE, Elder J, Iftikhar SY, Welch N, Fielding J, Broome P, Michaeli D. A phase II study of G17DT in gastric carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2004; 30:536-43. [PMID: 15135483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE G17DT is a gastrin immunogen, raising antibodies that blockade gastrin-stimulated growth. The aim of the study was to characterise antibody response and assess safety and tolerability of G17DT given to patients with gastric cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN G17DT was administered to 52 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma at weeks 0, 2 and 6 by intramuscular injection at doses of 10, 100 and 250 microg. Antibody levels were measured by an ELISA assay. A radioligand displacement assay determined the ability of G17DT-immunised patients' sera to inhibit binding of 125IG17 to cholecystokinin (CCK)-2 receptors. RESULTS By week 12 of the study, 6/12 evaluable stage I-III patients achieved an antibody response in the 10 microg group, 7/11 in the 100 microg group, and 11/12 in the 250 microg group. Stage IV patients dosed at 250 microg achieved a similar response rate to stage I-III patients dosed at 10 or 100 microg. G17DT was well tolerated in 47/52 patients. Two patients suffered significant adverse reactions including injection site pain and abscess. G17DT antibodies displaced iodinated gastrin from CCK-2 receptors, with the level of displacement correlating with antibody titre. CONCLUSIONS G17DT immunisation is a well-tolerated method of raising functional antibodies to 17 amino acid gastrin forms in patients with gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Gilliam
- Academic Unit of Cancer Studies, D Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Sivakumar R, Elder J, Grennhough A, Lacy-Colson J, Jones P, Hall C, Deakin M, Hoban P, Elder J. 273 Site of intracellular expression of beta-catenin influences the outcome in sporadic colorectal cancer. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Schmidt L, Elder J, Davis J. Atmospheric Oxidation of Coal at Moderate Temperatures. Effect of Oxidation on the Carbonizing Properties of Representative Coking Coals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie50364a600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Blackall P, Connole D, Elder J, Laws L. Geoffrey Clive Simmons 13 September 1924 – 16 June 2002. Aust Vet J 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb11308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Holland TA, Elder J, McCloud JM, Hall C, Deakin M, Fryer AA, Elder JB, Hoban PR. Subcellular localisation of cyclin D1 protein in colorectal tumours is associated with p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and correlates with patient survival. Int J Cancer 2001; 95:302-6. [PMID: 11494229 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20010920)95:5<302::aid-ijc1052>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) (p21) in human colorectal carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Cyclin D1 was not detected in normal colonic epithelium; however, expression was observed in 74/126 (58.7%) of the tumour samples studied. Protein was detected in the nucleus in 22/126 (17.4%) and exclusively in the cytoplasm in 52/126 (41.3%) tumours. Nuclear expression of cyclin D1 was associated with poorly differentiated tumours (p = 0.035) and was more common in right- than in left-sided tumours (p = 0.005). Tumours displaying either, expression of cytoplasmic, (p = 0.05, HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.31-1.0) or nuclear (p = 0.021, HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.81) cyclin D1 were associated with improved patient survival compared with tumours negative for cyclin D1. p21 protein was strongly expressed mainly in the upper crypts of normal colonic epithelial cells, but in 63/126 (50%) of the tumour samples studied p21 expression was absent. Patients with tumours in which >50% of cells expressed p21 had improved survival compared to patients whose tumours were negative or had < or =50% of cells expressing p21 (p = 0.06, HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.1-1.0). We also observed a significant association between cyclin D1 subcellular localisation and p21 expression: 21/22 (95.5%) tumours expressing cyclin D1 in the nucleus also expressed p21, whereas only 17/52 (32.7%) of the tumours displaying exclusive cytoplasmic cyclin D1 staining were positive for p21 (p < 0.001). These data highlight the significance of exclusive cytoplasmic expression of cyclin D1 in colorectal cancer and lend support to recent in vitro studies suggesting that p21 protein may modulate the subcellular localisation of the cyclin D1 protein. Thus, deregulated expression of the cyclin D1 and p21 proteins are important in colorectal tumourigenesis and have implications for patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Holland
- Centre for Cell and Molecular Medicine, School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, North Staffordshire Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
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Mayer JA, Lewis EC, Eckhardt L, Slymen D, Belch G, Elder J, Engelberg M, Eichenfield L, Achter A, Nichols T, Walker K, Kwon H, Talosig M, Gearen C. Promoting sun safety among zoo visitors. Prev Med 2001; 33:162-9. [PMID: 11522156 DOI: 10.1006/pmed.2001.0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year, millions of children visit zoological parks, where they are exposed to long bouts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We conducted a study in the winter and replicated it in the summer to evaluate an intervention for reducing UVR exposure during the zoo visit. METHODS Each study used a nonequivalent control group design: one zoological site received the intervention and a second received evaluation only. Key outcome measures consisted of observed prevalence of hat use by exiting children (N = 8,721 and 8,524, respectively, in winter and summer studies) and purchase rates of sunscreen and hats in zoo gift shops. Intervention consisted of tip sheets for parents, children's activities, prompts, and discounts off the price of sunscreen and sun-protective hats. RESULTS In the summer study, sales of both sunscreen and target hats increased significantly at the intervention site relative to the control site, whereas in the winter study, only sunscreen sales at the intervention site had a significant (relative) increase. Children's hat use increased significantly at the intervention site, but only in the winter study. CONCLUSIONS The multicomponent program was effective in promoting purchases of sun-safe items, but its impact on children's hat use was inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mayer
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, California 92182-4162, USA.
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Boulougouris P, Elder J. Epidermal growth factor receptor structure, regulation, mitogenic signalling and effects of activation. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:2769-75. [PMID: 11724353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) are mediated by an interaction with a specific cell surface receptor having both intra- and extracellular domains. The structure of the intracellular domain can be closely aligned with retroviral protein tyrosine kinases. Upon ligand-binding there is a change in conformation of the extracellular domain, the receptor being converted to dimeric. Dimeric receptor has a higher rate of catalysis than monomeric and rapidly becomes phosphorylated. This form of the receptor now associates with and phosphorylates enzymes such as phospholipase-C, altering their catalytic activity and subcellular distribution This system appears to stimulate the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFr) activation, notably proliferation, morphology, paracrine effects and differentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boulougouris
- Academic Department of Surgery, Keele University, Stoke-on Trent, Staffordshire, UK
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Sarría-Santamera A, Cortés-Blanco M, Elder J. [Analysis of the publicity campaign of the tobacco brand Fortuna in 1999-2000]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2001; 75:107-13. [PMID: 11400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of tobacco advertisement in Spain is directed at youth. This advertisement, carried out on several fronts, is particularly effective with young people. In the present work we analyze different advertising efforts involved in the ad campaign carried out by Fortuna-brand (a product of the company Tabacalera S.A., and sector leader of sales in Spain) in 1999 and 2000. In terms of their marketing strategy, we can conclude that Fortuna's principal commercial objective is presenting tobacco as intrinsically associated with being young. Both the indirect promotion of its products through activities and its commercials, are aimed towards developing the image that tobacco symbolizes the series of core values more appreciated by youth. Relevant legislation will have to be adapted to this reality in order to control specifically the manner in which publicity such as that promoted by Fortuna is directed to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarría-Santamera
- Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado, 6, 28029 Madrid.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans have low immunization rates, yet little is known about their immunization knowledge, attitudes, and practices or about the effect of outreach to this audience. In Spring 1997, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) launched a statewide culturally sensitive and ethnically specific media campaign directed toward African Americans. This campaign was preceded by a major Los Angeles County Department of Health Services media campaign. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to (a) estimate exposure to immunization media messages among African Americans; (b) determine sources of immunization information; and (c) assess various immunization attitudes and beliefs in order to refine future outreach efforts. METHODS Following the CDHS media campaign, a random digit dial survey was conducted with 801 African American families with children under age 10. The sample was drawn from the four California regions with the highest African American birth rates. It included all zip codes in these regions with greater than 150 African American births per year. Lower bound response rates ranged from 62.5 to 76.1%. Higher income and education levels were overrepresented. Results were weighted to adjust for this. RESULTS Over 88% remembered seeing or hearing some form of immunization information. Exposure to television ads was reported by 63% followed by billboards (51%) and radio (42%). Sixty-two percent thought mild disease was possible after shots; 27% feared HIV from needles and 19% thought pain was a barrier. Respondents who cited money as a barrier (26%) were less likely to believe that shots were available for free (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Media advertising is an effective tool for reaching African Americans. Addressing specific concerns (e.g., clarification of the circumstances and likelihood of getting a mild case of the disease following an immunization, availability of free shots, and risk of HIV) may contribute to increased immunization rates for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lashuay
- California Department of Health Services, Immunization Branch, Berkeley, California 94707, USA.
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Elder J, Cortés Blanco M, Sarriá Santamera A. [Legal framework and strategy of the tobacco industry in relation to tobacco advertising in Spain]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2000; 74:497-506. [PMID: 11217239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Publicity is legally regulated in Spain, in order to avoid its misuse. Tobacco publicity is also under those regulation, having had the companies operating in this sector to adapt themselves through new strategies. In this work, the legal restrictions existing in Spain regarding publicity are analyzed, together with some of the strategies developed by tobacco companies in order to elude them. In this sense, and despite of the existing legal framework, it should be noticed that tobacco companies are cleverly taking advantage of the existence of legal loopholes in tobacco publicity to promote their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elder
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
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Boissy RJ, Watson MA, Umbach DM, Deakin M, Elder J, Strange RC, Bell DA. A pilot study investigating the role of NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms in gastric adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10918189 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000815)87:4<507::aid-ijc7>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In humans, aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens may be acetylated by the expression products of either of the N-acetyltransferase genes, NAT1 or NAT2. This conjugation reaction can result in either activation or detoxication of these carcinogens depending on the tissue involved. Recent studies suggest that polymorphisms in NAT1 or NAT2 may modulate cancer risk. To determine if genetic differences in NAT1 and NAT2 could alter risk of gastric cancer, we tested for the presence of polymorphic N-acetyltransferase alleles (both NAT1 and NAT2) in a preliminary study of 94 gastric adenocarcinoma patients and 112 control subjects from North Staffordshire, England. We used established PCR protocols to genotype for NAT2 and NAT1 alleles (NAT2*4, NAT2*5, NAT2*6, NAT2*7, NAT2*14; NAT1*3, NAT1* 4, NAT1*10, and NAT1*11), and implemented an oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) to test for low-activity NAT1 alleles [NAT1*14 (G560A), NAT1*15 (C559T), and NAT1*17 (C190T)]. No significant increased risk was observed for NAT2 acetylation genotypes. However, among all cases, we found that individuals inheriting a variant NAT1 allele, NAT1*10, have a significantly elevated risk for gastric cancer (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1. 2-3.9, P < 0.01). Interestingly, the risk observed for NAT1*10 appears to be solely associated with advanced-stage tumors (OR = 4.8, P < 0.001), suggesting a possible role in progression to advanced disease. This preliminary finding needs confirmation in a larger, detailed epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Boissy
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Risk Analysis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233, USA
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Jarm T, Wickramasinghe YA, Deakin M, Cemazar M, Elder J, Rolfe P, Sersa G, Miklavcic D. Blood perfusion of subcutaneous tumours in mice following the application of low-level direct electric current. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 471:497-506. [PMID: 10659183 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4717-4_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrotherapy with low-level direct electric current has been proved to be an effective local treatment of solid tumours. In the presented study an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of a single treatment with electrotherapy on blood perfusion of solid subcutaneous fibrosarcoma Sa-1 tumours in A/J mice. The tissue-staining method with Patent blue-violet dye, the rubidium extraction technique, and the noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy method were used for this purpose. Results of all methods indicate that perfusion and subsequently oxygenation of tumours were reduced due to application of electrotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jarm
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elder
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7388, USA
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Elder J, Sallis JF, Zive MM, Hoy P, McKenzie TL, Nader PR, Berry CC. Factors affecting selection of restaurants by Anglo- and Mexican-American families. J Am Diet Assoc 1999; 99:856-8. [PMID: 10405687 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Elder
- Division of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA 92123, USA
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Jankowski JA, Bedford FK, Boulton RA, Cruickshank N, Hall C, Elder J, Allan R, Forbes A, Kim YS, Wright NA, Sanders DS. Alterations in classical cadherins associated with progression in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis. J Transl Med 1998; 78:1155-67. [PMID: 9759659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human colitis is a condition associated with a spectrum of altered morphologic changes and cellular adhesion. The role of cadherins, which are powerful morphoregulatory cell adhesion molecules, in colitis is provocative and as yet unknown. Herein, we present results that suggest a strong correlation between the deregulation of two cadherin molecules, E- and P-cadherins, and the progression of human colitis. We examined the expression and structural integrity of E- and P-cadherins in inflamed, dysplastic, or neoplastic human ulcerative colitis (UC) (n=58), human Crohn's colitis (n = 30), and normal tissue (n = 20) to assess cadherin function in normal and abnormal epithelium. E-cadherin is strongly expressed in normal colorectal epithelium, whereas in left-sided UC it is either down-regulated or has a single-base pair mutation in exon 4 resulting in an amino acid alteration (6 of 58 UC cases). By contrast, P-cadherin is dramatically up-regulated in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and especially in dysplastic ulcerative tissue. In vitro transfected SW-480 colorectal cells containing E-cadherin mutations identical to those in vivo were associated with increased spontaneous disaggregation compared with cells transfected with wild-type E-cadherin. Based on this evidence, we hypothesize that a small subset of colorectal cells expressing mutant E-cadherin are associated with widespread ulceration, whereas those expressing P-cadherin are associated with a rapidly dividing immature phenotype that includes dysplasia. The differential expression of mutated and wild-type cadherins examined herein are associated with a broad spectrum of abnormal epithelial phenotypes, lymphocyte integrin binding, and resistance to denudation, as is seen in the colitis adenocarcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jankowski
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Studies, University Hospital, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
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von Schwedler U, Townsend K, Chada S, Jolly DJ, Elder J, Chang SM, Lee WT. Retroviral-mediated expression of FIV envelope/Rev induces CD8+ CTL responses in mice. Intervirology 1998; 40:271-6. [PMID: 9612729 DOI: 10.1159/000150557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant retroviral vectors that express the Env and Rev proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were prepared and analyzed in a mouse model system for their ability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) responses. The ultimate goal of these studies is to develop effective immunogens for CTL induction in the cat. Recombinant Env/Rev retroviral vectors were used to transduce mouse fibroblasts and these cells were then inoculated intraperitoneally into syngeneic BALB/c mice. FIV Env-specific CTL responses were obtained. The potent ability of recombinant retroviral vector-transduced cells to elicit cell-mediated immunity in the mouse model offers the possibility that such delivery systems may serve as therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatments against FIV infection in the cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- U von Schwedler
- Chiron Technologies Center for Gene Therapy, San Diego, Calif. 92121, USA
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Stoll S, Garner W, Elder J. Heparin-binding ligands mediate autocrine epidermal growth factor receptor activation In skin organ culture. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1271-81. [PMID: 9276746 PMCID: PMC508305 DOI: 10.1172/jci119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous EGF and TGF-alpha accelerate wound healing, but treatment effects are often modest. Using short-term human skin organ culture, we found that autocrine EGF receptor activation could account for this observation. Amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) transcripts were rapidly and markedly induced, whereas EGF and TGF-alpha mRNAs were undetectable or only slightly increased. Vascular permeability factor and keratin 6 transcripts were also strongly induced, albeit with a >/= 3 h delay relative to HB-EGF and amphiregulin. All four transcripts were upregulated in actual healing skin wounds, HB-EGF and keratin 6 being the most prominent. The highly EGF receptor-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 strongly inhibited induction of all four transcripts in organ culture, as well as release of immunoreactive HB-EGF into the medium. These effects were confirmed using the anti-EGF receptor mAb 225 IgG. Neither PD153035 nor 225 IgG was toxic to keratinocytes, as judged by calcein-AM uptake. PD153035 completely abrogated the proliferative phase of keratinocyte outgrowth in skin explant cultures, whereas it had no effect on the antecedent migratory phase. Based on these results, we conclude that EGF receptor activation by highly inducible, keratinocyte-derived heparin-binding ligands is an important mechanism for amplification and transmission of the cutaneous wound healing signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stoll
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Edmundson E, Parcel GS, Feldman HA, Elder J, Perry CL, Johnson CC, Williston BJ, Stone EJ, Yang M, Lytle L, Webber L. The effects of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health upon psychosocial determinants of diet and physical activity behavior. Prev Med 1996; 25:442-54. [PMID: 8812822 DOI: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health is a multisite study of a school-based intervention to reduce or prevent the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this paper is to present the evaluation results of the 3-year intervention, focusing upon the psychosocial variables conceptualized as determinants of dietary and physical activity behaviors. METHODS A total of 96 schools across four study sites (California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas) were randomized to two treatment conditions: intervention and control. Pre- and postmeasurements on the health behavior questionnaire were collected from over 6,000 students. The data analyses utilized a nested design approach in which schools served as the primary unit of analysis. Repeated-measures multivariate analyses were applied to investigate effect sizes for each determinant and to explore theoretical relationships among the determinants over time. RESULTS The findings indicated sustained significant effects in improved knowledge, intentions, self-efficacy, usual behavior, and perceived social reinforcement for healthy food choices (P < 0.0001 for these five variables) after 3 years. Intermittent effects were observed for perceived support and self-efficacy for physical activity. No gender by determinant interaction effects were observed, and girls reported significantly greater perceived reinforcement for healthy eating than did boys. CONCLUSION The CATCH program was effective in changing the psychosocial variables likely to influence a reduction in behavior for cardiovascular disease. The study is significant in that it demonstrates the viability and effectiveness of a sustained multifaceted intervention in a preadolescent population. The results point to a need for greater understanding of adolescent developmental issues and the role of community environment (particularly social support) in creating effective curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Edmundson
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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Deakin M, Elder J, Hendrickse C, Peckham D, Baldwin D, Pantin C, Wild N, Leopard P, Bell DA, Jones P, Duncan H, Brannigan K, Alldersea J, Fryer AA, Strange RC. Glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to cancer: studies of interactions with GSTM1 in lung, oral, gastric and colorectal cancers. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17:881-4. [PMID: 8625505 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/17.4.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Allelism in glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 has been suggested as a risk factor in various cancers. Accordingly, we describe a group of case-control studies carried out to identify associations between GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to lung, oral, gastric and colorectal cancers. The frequencies of the putatively high risk GSTT1 null genotype were not increased in the lung, oral or gastric cancer cases compared with controls but the frequency of this genotype was significantly increased (P = 0.0011, odds ratio = 1.88) in the colorectal cancer cases. No significant interactions between the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes types were identified in the cancer groups studied. Indeed, no significant associations between GSTM1 genotypes and susceptibility were identified though further evidence was obtained that the protective effect of GSTM1*A and GSTM1*B is not equal. The data complement studies showing that GSTT1 null is associated with an increased susceptibility to total ulcerative colitis and suggests that this enzyme is important in the detoxification of unidentified xenobiotics in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Deakin
- Department of Surgery, School of Postgraduate Medicine, North Staffordshire Hospital, Keele University, UK
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Knight T, Wyatt J, Wilson A, Greaves S, Newell D, Hengels K, Corlett M, Webb P, Forman D, Elder J. Helicobacter pylori gastritis and serum pepsinogen levels in a healthy population: development of a biomarker strategy for gastric atrophy in high risk groups. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:819-24. [PMID: 8611388 PMCID: PMC2074369 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and type of chronic gastritis in an asymptomatic working population and to determine whether a combination of serum pepsinogen levels and Helicobacter pylori serology could be used to identify a subgroup with atrophic gastritis at elevated risk of gastric carcinoma. A 10% subsample of 544 male volunteer factory workers aged 18-63 years and participating in a larger study underwent endoscopy and biopsy. Of these men, 29 were seropositive for Helicobacter pylori; all but three (89.7%) had chronic gastritis. Serum pepsinogen A levels increased with progression from a corpus predominant pattern of gastritis through pangastritis to an antral predominant pattern. Nine subjects had corpus atrophy, which was in most cases accompanied by fasting hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinaemia. A combination of pepsinogen A below 80 ng ml-1 and Helicobaceter pylori seropositivity detected corpus atrophy with sensitivity 88.9% and specificity 92.3%. A second screening stage, using a pepsinogen A/C ratio of below 2.5 as a cut-off, resulted in a reduction in numbers requiring further investigation but with some loss of sensitivity (77.8%). Application of this two-stage screening programme to the original sample of 544 workers would have resulted in 11 (2.2%) men being selected for follow-up, excluding 25 (5.1%) false negatives. Our results suggest that a combination of serum pepsinogen levels and Helicobacter pylori serology could be useful as a biomarker strategy for detection of individuals at increased risk of gastric carcinoma and for non-invasive investigation of the natural history of Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Knight
- Depaprtment of Surgery, School of Postgraduate Medicine (Keele University), Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Abstract
Snoring is a very common problem but there are few publications on the histological findings of the soft palate/uvula and these lack consistency. The relative proportions of tissue types in the base of the uvula removed from 17 adults who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for heavy snoring were therefore compared with 14 cadaveric specimens. The mean percentage of muscle from the snoring group was 12.1% compared with 7.2% in the control group (P < 0.05). The percentage of fibrous tissue was greater in the cadavers (52.8% vs 45.5% in the snorers, P < 0.05). The percentage of muscle was inversely related to the percentage of fibrous tissue in the snoring group (P < 0.02). We hypothesize that these changes are a consequence of the repetitive forces on the soft palate during snoring rather than being related to the pathogenesis of snoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Swift
- Department of Otolaryngology, Aintree Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
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