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Coelho A, Vieira JM, Rugman-Jones PF, Querino RB, Moral RDA, Parra JRP, Stouthamer R. Reproductive compatibility among sympatric and allopatric isofemale lines of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879. Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:508-515. [PMID: 37278198 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the reproductive compatibility of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879, through an integrative approach using biological data and morphometry of three isofemale lines (isolines) collected from two geographical areas. These isolines differed in sequences of mitochondrial DNA and reproductive performance in the laboratory. The wasps used to initiate the isolines were collected in different environments: two lines from a Mediterranean climate in Irvine, California, USA, and one line from a tropical climate in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Reproductive compatibility was studied by evaluating the sex ratio and number of adult offspring produced of all mating combinations between adults from these isolines. Morphometry was studied by measuring 26 taxonomically useful characters, followed by a multivariate analysis. For the allopatric matings among Brazilian and North American isolines, a low level of crossing incompatibility was recorded, in only one direction of the crosses; whereas the sympatric North American isolines were incompatible in both directions. Multivariate analysis of the morphometric data indicated no distinct groups, suggesting that despite the genetic and biological differences, the isofemale lines are morphologically similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloisio Coelho
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (USP)/ Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ). Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Zip code: 13418-220, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaci Mendes Vieira
- Koppert Brazil, Macro-organism Unit, Via Vicente Verdi, 528, Bela Vista. Distrito Industrial, Zip code: 13515-000, Charqueada, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul F Rugman-Jones
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Zip code: 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ranyse Barbosa Querino
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Cerrados, Zip code: 73310-970, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Andrade Moral
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Maynooth University, Logic House, Zip code: W23 F2H6, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - José Roberto Postali Parra
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo (USP)/ Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ). Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Zip code: 13418-220, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard Stouthamer
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Zip code: 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
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Gamen E, Price EL, Pezzolla D, De Villiers C, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Salama R, Mole DR, Bishop T, Pugh CW, Choudhury RP, Carr CA, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Re-activation of HIF signalling pathway in the epicardium improves heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation
Background
In mouse, cardiac regenerative capacity is maintained for the first week after birth but lost thereafter. Reactivation of this process holds great therapeutic potential, however, the molecular pathways that might be targeted to extend neonatal regeneration remain elusive. Here, we explore a role for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors on the regulation of epicardial activity which is essential for cardiac response to injury.
Purpose
HIF signalling might be involved in the quiescence of the epicardium observed in the first week of life. Thus, HIF stabilisation may induce epicardial re-activation and extend the 7-day regenerative window in a neonate mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods
We analysed epicardial expression of HIF signalling during embryonic development, and in a regenerative post-natal day 1 (P1) versus non-regenerative (P7) mouse model by single cell RNA-sequencing. Next, we established in vitro epicardial explants to confirm the role of HIF signalling in epicardial activation, and finally we induced MI by permanent ligation of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in P7 mice to test weather HIF signalling re-activation improved heart regeneration in a non-regenerative model.
Results
Expression of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α is very pronounced at early stages of heart development and gradually decreases throughout gestation. The epicardium preferentially expresses HIF-1α by embryonic day (E) 16.5. Postnatally, GO term analysis showed an enrichment of hypoxia-related pathways in P1 compared to P7 hearts, largely in the epicardial cell population. Accordingly, expression of Phd2, encoding for the main suppressor of HIF signalling, was enriched in P7 derived epicardial cells. Notably, the increase in Phd2 levels coincided with a clear reduction in the expression of Wilms’ tumour 1 (Wt1) in P7 versus P1 hearts, a key player in the epicardial activation. In vitro studies on epicardial explants confirmed regulation of WT1 expression and migration capacity following genetical and pharmacological modulation of HIF signalling. Finally, in vivo targeting of PHD enzymes through pharmacological inhibition with clinically approved drugs in a neonatal mouse model of MI led to prolonged epicardial activation, increased vascularisation, augmented infarct resolution and preserved cardiac function up to 3 weeks after injury.
Conclusions
Together, these findings show that modulation of HIF signalling can regulate epicardial activity and improve heart regeneration capacity beyond the 7-day regenerative window and may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for treating ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gamen
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - EL Price
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Pezzolla
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C De Villiers
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Gunadasa-Rohling
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Salama
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - DR Mole
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - T Bishop
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CW Pugh
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - RP Choudhury
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CA Carr
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JM Vieira
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - PR Riley
- University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Alves GR, Diniz AJF, Vieira JM, Silveira CH, Parra JRP. Practical and Simple Systems for Food Intake Studies on Phloem-Sucking Insects. Neotrop Entomol 2021; 50:156-160. [PMID: 32712943 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of insect feeding behavior are useful in different areas of entomology such as plant resistance, biology, and insecticide efficacy. For chewing insects, this kind of technique is well established, but for sap-sucking insects, especially tiny ones such as whiteflies, aphids, and psyllids, these tests can be laborious. Manipulation is difficult and can damage the plant, affecting the results. We describe here three types of cages for tests with small insects, one for seedlings in pots, a second for larger plants or plants in the field, and a third for caging insects on part of a leaf. These cages have been useful for different types of studies in addition to feeding behavior and can facilitate research with small phytophagous sucking insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Alves
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
| | - A J F Diniz
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - J M Vieira
- Koppert Biological Systems, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - C H Silveira
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - J R P Parra
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Diniz AJF, Garcia AG, Alves GR, Reigada C, Vieira JM, Parra JRP. The Enemy is Outside: Releasing the Parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in External Sources of HLB Inocula to Control the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Neotrop Entomol 2020; 49:250-257. [PMID: 31797306 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease worldwide, was first recorded in Brazil in 2004, and since then, more than 50 million trees identified with this disease have been eliminated. The disease is managed mainly by controlling the psyllid vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Although the presence of the insect in commercial citrus groves is low, HLB infection rates increase in areas bordering the groves. The disease is transmitted by psyllids from host citrus plants in areas outside the managed groves, such as abandoned or organic groves and residential trees, and from orange jasmine plants in urban settings. In order to provide information to support HLB control, this study evaluated the biotic and abiotic variables that affect the dynamics of D. citri populations after releases of the parasitoid wasp Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in external sources of HLB inocula. The study was divided into two parts. After releasing the parasitoids in non-commercial areas, we determined the following: (a) the variables that significantly affected the number of nymphs collected on shoots in the same non-commercial area; (b) the variables that significantly affected the number of adult psyllids collected in a neighboring commercial citrus area. Our results indicated that the number of nymphs in external areas was affected only by the host plant and rainfall. However, periodic parasitoid releases significantly reduced the number of adult psyllids collected in the commercial area. The results indicate that the release of parasitoids in external sources of inocula has the potential to maximize actions for D. citri control, contributing to the reduction of psyllid populations in commercial areas. Consequently, this strategy may help to manage the disease infection without an increase in insecticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J F Diniz
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
| | - A G Garcia
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - G R Alves
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - C Reigada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal Univ of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - J M Vieira
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - J R P Parra
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Walker PA, Alesini PD, Alexandrova AS, Anania MP, Andreev NE, Andriyash I, Aschikhin A, Assmann RW, Audet T, Bacci A, Barna IF, Beaton A, Beck A, Beluze A, Bernhard A, Bielawski S, Bisesto FG, Boedewadt J, Brandi F, Bringer O, Brinkmann R, Bründermann E, Büscher M, Bussmann M, Bussolino GC, Chance A, Chanteloup JC, Chen M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Clarke J, Cole J, Couprie ME, Croia M, Cros B, Dale J, Dattoli G, Delerue N, Delferriere O, Delinikolas P, Dias J, Dorda U, Ertel K, Ferran Pousa A, Ferrario M, Filippi F, Fils J, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Galimberti M, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gastinel P, Giove D, Giribono A, Gizzi LA, Grüner FJ, Habib AF, Haefner LC, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Holzer BJ, Hooker SM, Hosokai T, Irman A, Jaroszynski DA, Jaster-Merz S, Joshi C, Kaluza MC, Kando M, Karger OS, Karsch S, Khazanov E, Khikhlukha D, Knetsch A, Kocon D, Koester P, Kononenko O, Korn G, Kostyukov I, Labate L, Lechner C, Leemans WP, Lehrach A, Li FY, Li X, Libov V, Lifschitz A, Litvinenko V, Lu W, Maier AR, Malka V, Manahan GG, Mangles SPD, Marchetti B, Marocchino A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Martins JL, Massimo F, Mathieu F, Maynard G, Mehrling TJ, Molodozhentsev AY, Mosnier A, Mostacci A, Mueller AS, Najmudin Z, Nghiem PAP, Nguyen F, Niknejadi P, Osterhoff J, Papadopoulos D, Patrizi B, Pattathil R, Petrillo V, Pocsai MA, Poder K, Pompili R, Pribyl L, Pugacheva D, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Roussel E, Sahai AA, Scherkl P, Schramm U, Schroeder CB, Schwindling J, Scifo J, Serafini L, Sheng ZM, Silva LO, Silva T, Simon C, Sinha U, Specka A, Streeter MJV, Svystun EN, Symes D, Szwaj C, Tauscher G, Thomas AGR, Thompson N, Toci G, Tomassini P, Vaccarezza C, Vannini M, Vieira JM, Villa F, Wahlström CG, Walczak R, Weikum MK, Welsch CP, Wiemann C, Wolfenden J, Xia G, Yabashi M, Yu L, Zhu J, Zigler A. Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nansen C, Coelho A, Vieira JM, Parra JRP. Reflectance-based identification of parasitized host eggs and adult Trichogramma specimens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 217:1187-92. [PMID: 24363420 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.095661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of imaging and spectroscopy technologies is used in medical diagnostics, quality control in production systems, military applications, stress detection in agriculture, and ecological studies of both terrestrial and aquatic organisms. In this study, we hypothesized that reflectance profiling can be used to successfully classify animals that are otherwise very challenging to classify. We acquired hyperspectral images from adult specimens of the egg parasitoid genus Trichogramma (T. galloi, T. pretiosum and T. atopovirilia), which are ~1.0 mm in length. We also acquired hyperspectral images from host eggs containing developing Trichogramma instar and pupae. These obligate egg endoparasitoid species are commercially available as natural enemies of lepidopteran pests in food production systems. Because of their minute size and physical resemblance, classification is time consuming and requires a high level of technical experience. The classification of reflectance profiles was based on a combination of average reflectance and variogram parameters (describing the spatial structure of reflectance data) of reflectance values in individual spectral bands. Although variogram parameters (variogram analysis) are commonly used in large-scale spatial research (i.e. geoscience and landscape ecology), they have only recently been used in classification of high-resolution hyperspectral imaging data. The classification model of parasitized host eggs was equally successful for each of the three species and was successfully validated with independent data sets (>90% classification accuracy). The classification model of adult specimens accurately separated T. atopovirilia from the other two species, but specimens of T. galloi and T. pretiosum could not be accurately separated. Interestingly, molecular-based classification (using the DNA sequence of the internally transcribed spacer ITS2) of Trichogramma species published elsewhere corroborates the classification, as T. galloi and T. pretiosum are closely related and comparatively distant from T. atopovirilia. Our results emphasize the importance of using high-spectral and high-spatial resolution data in the classification of organism relatedness, and hyperspectral imaging may be of relevance to a wide range of commercial (i.e. producers of biocontrol agents), taxonomic and evolutionary research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nansen
- The University of Western Australia, School of Animal Biology, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Titan SM, Vieira JM, Dominguez WV, Moreira SRS, Pereira AB, Barros RT, Zatz R. Urinary MCP-1 and RBP: independent predictors of renal outcome in macroalbuminuric diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:546-53. [PMID: 22981148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albuminuria has been considered a sine qua non condition for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and has been widely used as a surrogate outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, recent data suggest that albuminuria may fail as a biomarker in a subset of patients, and the search for novel markers is intense. METHODS We analyzed the role of urinary RBP and of serum and urinary cytokines (TGF-beta, MCP-1 and VEGF) as predictors of the risk of dialysis, doubling of serum creatinine or death (primary outcome, PO) in 56 type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuric DN. RESULTS Mean follow-up time was 30.7±10 months. Urinary RBP and MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients presenting the PO, whereas no difference was shown for TGF-β or VEGF. In the Cox regression, urinary RBP, MCP-1 and VEGF were positively associated and serum VEGF was inversely related to the risk of the PO. However, after adjustments for creatinine clearance, proteinuria, and blood pressure only urinary RBP (OR 11.6; 95% CI 2.7-49.2, p=0.001 for log RBP) and urinary MCP-1 (OR 11.0; 95% CI 1.6-76.4, p=0.02 for log MCP-1) remained as significant independent predictors of the PO. CONCLUSION Urinary RBP and MCP-1 are independently related to the risk of CKD progression in patients with macroalbuminuric DN. Whether these biomarkers have a role in the setting of normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria in DN should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Titan
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Vieira JM, Rodrigues LT, Mantovani E, Dellê H, Mattar AL, Malheiros DMAC, Noronha IL, Fujihara CK, Zatz R. Statin Monotherapy Attenuates Renal Injury in a Salt-Sensitive Hypertension Model of Renal Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 101:p82-91. [PMID: 16113589 DOI: 10.1159/000087576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several salutary biological effects of statins have been described. We sought to investigate more closely the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of simvastatin (SIMV) in a model of hypertension and progressive renal disease, as well as its effects on the cyclin-cdk inhibitors p21 and p27. METHODS Munich-Wistar rats received the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME (25 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 20 days accompanied by a high-salt diet (HS, 3% Na) and then were kept on HS for 60 days. Animals were then divided into two groups: vehicle (VH) or SIMV 2 mg/kg/day p.o. Albuminuria and tail-cuff pressure were determined at 30 and 60 days. RT-PCR was done to assess renal expression of TGF-beta1, collagen I and III, fibronectin, p27, p21 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Renal protein expression was assessed by Western blot (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)) and immunostaining (macrophage, lymphocyte, PCNA). RESULTS SIMV did not prevent the development of severe hypertension or albuminuria. SIMV-treated animals had less severe renal interstitial inflammation and cell proliferation. MCP-1 expression was significantly diminished in the SIMV-treated animals (55.4 +/- 7.3 vs. 84.4 +/- 8.2 OD, p = 0.02). mRNA renal expression for p27 and TGF-beta did not change between groups, but p21 mRNA renal expression, highly induced in this model, significantly decreased with SIMV treatment (31.6 +/- 6.6 vs. 50.2 +/- 5.8 OD, p < 0.05). The interstitial fibrosis score significantly decreased with SIMV (2.46 +/- 0.40 vs. 4.07 +/- 0.38%, p < 0.01), which was confirmed by a decrease in renal collagen I and fibronectin expression. Serum cholesterol level did not change with SIMV. CONCLUSION SIMV attenuated interstitial fibrosis associated with this model of hypertensive renal disease. The mechanism involved MCP-1 downregulation. SIMV treatment was also associated with a p21 downregulation in the kidney, which might be involved in the protection of renal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Vieira
- Internal Medicine, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Jan S, Santin G, Strul D, Staelens S, Assié K, Autret D, Avner S, Barbier R, Bardiès M, Bloomfield PM, Brasse D, Breton V, Bruyndonckx P, Buvat I, Chatziioannou AF, Choi Y, Chung YH, Comtat C, Donnarieix D, Ferrer L, Glick SJ, Groiselle CJ, Guez D, Honore PF, Kerhoas-Cavata S, Kirov AS, Kohli V, Koole M, Krieguer M, van der Laan DJ, Lamare F, Largeron G, Lartizien C, Lazaro D, Maas MC, Maigne L, Mayet F, Melot F, Merheb C, Pennacchio E, Perez J, Pietrzyk U, Rannou FR, Rey M, Schaart DR, Schmidtlein CR, Simon L, Song TY, Vieira JM, Visvikis D, Van de Walle R, Wieërs E, Morel C. GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT. Phys Med Biol 2004. [PMID: 15552416 DOI: 10.1088/0031‐9155/49/19/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation is an essential tool in emission tomography that can assist in the design of new medical imaging devices, the optimization of acquisition protocols and the development or assessment of image reconstruction algorithms and correction techniques. GATE, the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission, encapsulates the Geant4 libraries to achieve a modular, versatile, scripted simulation toolkit adapted to the field of nuclear medicine. In particular, GATE allows the description of time-dependent phenomena such as source or detector movement, and source decay kinetics. This feature makes it possible to simulate time curves under realistic acquisition conditions and to test dynamic reconstruction algorithms. This paper gives a detailed description of the design and development of GATE by the OpenGATE collaboration, whose continuing objective is to improve, document and validate GATE by simulating commercially available imaging systems for PET and SPECT. Large effort is also invested in the ability and the flexibility to model novel detection systems or systems still under design. A public release of GATE licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License can be downloaded at http:/www-lphe.epfl.ch/GATE/. Two benchmarks developed for PET and SPECT to test the installation of GATE and to serve as a tutorial for the users are presented. Extensive validation of the GATE simulation platform has been started, comparing simulations and measurements on commercially available acquisition systems. References to those results are listed. The future prospects towards the gridification of GATE and its extension to other domains such as dosimetry are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jan
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, F-91401 Orsay, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The p21 protein is found in the nucleus of most cells where it modulates cell cycle activity. At low levels, p21 stabilizes interactions between D cyclins and their cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), but at high levels after induction by several different stress pathways, it causes cell cycle arrest. The p21 mRNA is induced in murine kidney after several types of acute renal failure, including cisplatin administration, ischemia-reperfusion, and ureteral obstruction. We reported that after cisplatin injection, mice with a p21 gene deletion developed much more severe renal damage than wild-type mice. To dissociate the effects of cisplatin-induced DNA damage and subsequent initiation of DNA damage-dependent cell death pathways from effects of acute renal failure, we have now examined mice after ischemia-reperfusion, a model of renal failure not associated with genotoxin-induced DNA damage early after the injury. METHODS Wild-type and p21(-/-) mice were made ischemic by clamping both renal hila for 30 or 50 minutes. At various times after reflow, mortality and parameters of renal function and morphology were quantified. Also, the nuclear proteins p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were localized in kidney sections by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Kidney function was more impaired and mortality increased significantly in p21(-/-) mice as compared with p21(+/+) mice. We found more cell cycle activity, indicated by increased number of mitotic cells and nuclear PCNA-positive cells, in kidney of p21(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS In this study, p21(-/-) mice were more susceptible to ischemia-induced acute renal failure, with similarly elevated levels of parameters of cell cycle activity. We propose that the increased and inappropriate cell cycle activity in kidney cells is responsible for the increased kidney impairment and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Megyesi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Avelar KE, Vieira JM, Antunes LC, Lobo LA, Antunes EN, Domingues RM, Ferreira MC. Antimicrobial resistance of strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from the intestinal tract of children and adults in Brazil. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 18:129-34. [PMID: 11516935 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The results of this study show that there is a high frequency of resistant species in the Bacteroides fragilis group in the intestinal tract of children and adults in Brazil. B. fragilis was not studied. Of the 73 strains examined, B. distasonis was the most resistant species to penicillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime and clindamycin. High rates of multiresistance were found, most commonly to penicillin and clindamycin (18 of 36 strains). High levels of beta-lactamase production were detected in isolates showing high resistance to penicillin and multiresistance to the cephamycins, suggesting a widespread dissemination of such resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Avelar
- Bloco I, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- L Andrade
- Department of Internal Medicine, John L. McClellan Veterans Memorial Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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13
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14
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Vieira JM, Noronha IL, Malheiros DM, Burdmann EA. Cyclosporine-induced interstitial fibrosis and arteriolar TGF-beta expression with preserved renal blood flow. Transplantation 1999; 68:1746-53. [PMID: 10609952 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199912150-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and afferent arteriole hyalinosis. CsA lesion has been linked to maintained renal vasoconstriction and narrowing of the afferent arteriole lumen diameter, leading to preglomerular ischemia. We investigated the role of renal hemodynamics in CsA-induced transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) expression and interstitial fibrosis. METHODS Groups of rats fed a low salt diet were given CsA 5 mg/kg/day (CsA) or the vehicle (olive oil, [VH]) s.c. and had the renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mean arterial pressure, renal vascular resistance, renal histologic changes, and immunohistochemical features for macrophages and TGF-beta evaluated after 1, 2, and 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS At week 1, despite normal renal hemodynamics and MAP, there was a significant macrophage interstitial influx in CsA-treated rats (70+/-16 vs. 29+/-4 cells+/0.5 mm2, in CsA vs. VH, P=0.02) that was progressive with treatment (80+/-13 vs. 32+/-8 cells+/0.5 mm2, P=0.016 and 197+/-36 vs. 23+/-3 cells+/0.5 mm2, P=0.0002, CsA vs. VH at 2 and 8 weeks, respectively). After 2 weeks of treatment, CsA animals developed a significant interstitial fibrosis, with preserved RBF, even when it was assessed 2 hr after CsA injection. There was a significant increase in the immunostaining for TGF-beta in the juxtaglomerular arterioles in CsA-treated rats (48.6+/-3.8 vs. 35.1+/-1.1%, CsA vs. VH at 2 weeks, P<0.05 and 59.0+/-3.2 vs. 37.0+/-2.1%, CsA vs. VH at 8 weeks, P=0.0001). A significant and progressive GFR decrease followed the renal structural injury of CsA treatment. Arteriolar and glomerular anatomic injury were not found throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS Low CsA doses might generate interstitial fibrosis without any decrease in RBF or structural arteriolar lesion evidence, possibly through early macrophage influx and increased TGF-beta expression. It clearly seems that CsA-induced ischemia and tubulointerstitial injury may occur independently, suggesting that chronic CsA nephrotoxicity may be very hard to prevent or even not be preventable at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Vieira
- Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
The present study investigates the pitting-corrosion behaviour of AISI 316L stainless steel in human physiological fluids. The emphasis is on the effect of diabetic serum with glucose and proteins, but reference solutions of isotonic saline solution with and without antibiotics were also used. Polarization experiments were carried out, and the results point to the innocuity of those fluids on the performance of the alloy as far as pitting corrosion is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moura e Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa Codex, Portugal
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16
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Monteiro J, Vieira JM, Costa MA. [Pseudotumoral reaction to barium used as contrast media in acrylic cement]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1991; 4:270-2. [PMID: 1785368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
After some considerations about the importance of biomaterials in orthopedic surgery, the authors report a clinical case of a 72 years old male who had a cemented total hip replacement 17 years before and developed a mass against barium in the right pelvis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Monteiro
- Clinica Universitária de Ortopedia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
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17
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Vieira JM, Weiss LR, da Costa SX. [Vagotomy and pyloroplasty in duodenal ulcer]. Rev Assoc Med Bras 1965; 11:201-8. [PMID: 5263092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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