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Werle I, Nascimento LMM, Dos Santos ALA, Soares LA, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Bertoglio LJ. Ayahuasca-enhanced extinction of fear behaviour: Role of infralimbic cortex 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 1A receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1671-1689. [PMID: 38320596 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ayahuasca (AYA) is a botanical psychedelic with promising results in observational and small clinical trials for depression, trauma and drug use disorders. Its psychoactive effects primarily stem from N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). However, there is a lack of research on how and where AYA acts in the brain. This study addressed these questions by examining the extinction of aversive memories in AYA-treated rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We focused on the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, as DMT exhibits a high affinity for both of them, along with the infralimbic cortex in which activity and plasticity play crucial roles in regulating the mnemonic process under analysis. KEY RESULTS A single oral treatment with AYA containing 0.3 mg·kg-1 of DMT increased the within-session extinction of contextual freezing behaviour without affecting its recall. This protocol, when repeated twice on consecutive days, enhanced extinction recall. These effects were consistent for both 1- and 21-day-old memories in males and females. AYA effects on fear extinction were independent of changes in anxiety and general exploratory activity: AYA- and vehicle-treated animals showed no differences when tested in the elevated plus-maze. The 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL-11,939 and the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 infused into the infralimbic cortex respectively blocked within- and between-session fear extinction effects resulting from repeated oral administration of AYA. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings highlight complementary mechanisms by which AYA facilitates the behavioural suppression of aversive memories in the rat infralimbic cortex. These results suggest potential beneficial effects of AYA or DMT in stress-related disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Fear/drug effects
- Fear/physiology
- Male
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Extinction, Psychological/drug effects
- Rats
- Banisteriopsis/chemistry
- Hallucinogens/pharmacology
- Hallucinogens/administration & dosage
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Pyridines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Werle
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Laura M M Nascimento
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aymee L A Dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciane A Soares
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Departamento de Neurociências e Comportamento, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Comportamento, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro J Bertoglio
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Pinto JV, Crippa JAS, Ceresér KM, Vianna-Sulzbach MF, Silveira Júnior ÉDM, Santana da Rosa G, Testa da Silva MG, Hizo GH, Simão Medeiros L, Santana de Oliveira CE, Bristot G, Campos AC, Guimarães FS, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Yatham LN, Kapczinski F, Kauer-Sant’Anna M. Cannabidiol as an Adjunctive Treatment for Acute Bipolar Depression: A Pilot Study: Le cannabidiol comme traitement d'appoint de la dépression bipolaire aiguë : une étude pilote. Can J Psychiatry 2024; 69:242-251. [PMID: 37920963 PMCID: PMC10924581 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231209650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of bipolar depression remains challenging due to the limited effective and safe therapeutic options available; thus, developing newer treatments that are effective and well tolerable is an urgent unmet need. The objective of the present trial was to test 150 to 300 mg/day of cannabidiol as an adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression. METHOD A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the efficacy of adjunctive cannabidiol in bipolar depression was used. Efficacy parameters were changes in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) from baseline to week 8. Secondary outcomes included response and remission rates, changes in anxiety and psychotic symptoms, and changes in functioning. Patients continued double-blind treatment until week 12 to monitor for adverse effects, laboratory analysis, and manic symptoms. Study registry: NCT03310593. RESULTS A total of 35 participants were included. MADRS scores significantly decreased from baseline to the endpoint (placebo, -14.56; cannabidiol, -15.38), but there was no significant difference between the groups. Similarly, there were no other significant effects on the secondary outcomes. However, an exploratory analysis showed a significant effect of cannabidiol 300 mg/day in reducing MADRS scores from week 2 to week 8 (placebo, -6.64; cannabidiol, -13.72). There were no significant differences in the development of manic symptoms or any other adverse effects. CONCLUSION Cannabidiol did not show significantly higher adverse effects than placebo. Despite the negative finding on the primary outcome, an exploratory analysis suggested that cannabidiol should be further studied in bipolar depression in higher doses of at least 300 mg/day and under research designs that could better control for high placebo response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Vinícius Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S. Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT–TM), CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Keila Maria Ceresér
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miréia Fortes Vianna-Sulzbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Érico de Moura Silveira Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Santana da Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Henrique Hizo
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Simão Medeiros
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Bristot
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alline Cristina Campos
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT–TM), CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT–TM), CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT–TM), CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio W. Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT–TM), CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT–TM), CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant’Anna
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Machado JPD, de Almeida V, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Vieira AS. Cannabidiol modulates hippocampal genes involved in mitochondrial function, ribosome biogenesis, synapse organization, and chromatin modifications. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38528655 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa female flowers. Previous investigation has already provided insights into the CBD molecular mechanism; however, there is no transcriptome data for CBD effects on hippocampal subfields. Here, we investigate transcriptomic changes in dorsal and ventral CA1 of adult mice hippocampus after 100 mg/kg of CBD administration (i.p.) for one or seven consecutive days. METHODS C57BL/6JUnib mice were treated with either vehicle or CBD for 1 or 7 days. The collected brains were sectioned, and the hippocampal sub-regions were laser microdissected for RNA-Seq analysis. RESULTS The transcriptome analysis following 7 days of CBD administration indicates the differential expression of 1559 genes in dCA1 and 2924 genes in vCA1. Furthermore, GO/KEGG analysis identified 88 significantly enriched biological process and 26 significantly enriched pathways for dCBD7, whereas vCBD7 revealed 128 enriched BPs and 24 pathways. CONCLUSION This dataset indicates a widespread decrease of electron transport chain and ribosome biogenesis transcripts in CA1, while chromatin modifications and synapse organization transcripts were increased following CBD administration for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P D Machado
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Neurobiology and Behaviour, Dept Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics,, Dept Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinsas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André S Vieira
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Neurobiology and Behaviour, Dept Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Chaves C, Dursun SM, Tusconi M, Hallak JEC. Neuroinflammation and schizophrenia - is there a link? Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1356975. [PMID: 38389990 PMCID: PMC10881867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Chaves
- NeuroMood Lab, School of Medicine and Kingston Health Sciences Center (KHSC), Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Massimo Tusconi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Guerra LTL, Rocha JM, Osório FDL, Bouso JC, Hallak JEC, Dos Santos RG. Biases in affective attention tasks in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108660. [PMID: 37597766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by alterations in emotional and cognitive processing. The current neurobiological model of PTSD posits that amygdala and prefrontal cortex functioning impairment underpins symptoms, such as altered emotional and cognitive processing. Additionally, these structures are key components of emotional and attention regulation. AIM This review sought to evaluate studies comparing PTSD group to non-PTSD controls performance in affective attention tasks during neuroimaging. RESULTS PTSD group behavioral performance when responding to affective stimuli differed from controls only in stroop-based tasks. However, neuroimaging techniques were able to identify brain activation differences even when behavioral differences were not present. Amygdala hyperactivation in PTSD patients was confirmed in most cases, but cortical networks results were not as consistent. More than a general reduction in activity, PTSD group data points out to impaired recruitment of ventral cortical structures and increased reliance on dorsal cortical structures during task performance. CONCLUSION Stroop-based tasks seem to be better at identifying differences in behavioral performance of PTSD individuals. PTSD individuals seems to present an altered brain activation pattern in affective attention tasks when compared to controls, where PTSD individuals seem to present enhanced amygdala activation and rely more on dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and posterior insula activation during tasks. The PROSPERO ID for this study is CRD42022355471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena T L Guerra
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Juliana M Rocha
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Flávia de L Osório
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology Translational Medicine, Brazil.
| | - José C Bouso
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Anthopology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology Translational Medicine, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology Translational Medicine, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rocha JM, Reis JAS, Bouso JC, Hallak JEC, Dos Santos RG. Identifying setting factors associated with improved ibogaine safety: a systematic review of clinical studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1527-1542. [PMID: 36947216 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid derived from the west-African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Western cultures are increasing the interest for the substance due to its claimed anti addictive properties, although the evidence supporting this effect is still preliminary. The use of ibogaine often occurs with no medical supervision in uncontrolled settings, and its use has been associated with several reports of severe adverse events. This review aims to evaluate the clinical studies of ibogaine, with a focus on administration settings, to elucidate specific criteria that may promote safer contexts for ibogaine use. A systematic review of the literature was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scielo, ClinicalTrials.gov and Core.ac.uk electronic databases were searched, and clinical studies published until November 17, 2022, were retrieved. The final synthesis included 12 sources. Information about general characteristics of the studies, adverse effects, screening of participants and setting characteristics were summarized and discussed. It is concluded that the use of controlled settings, supported by trained professionals and equipment allowing for rigorous medical, psychiatric, and cardiac monitoring, are essential to promote the safety of patients receiving ibogaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mendes Rocha
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, RibeirãoPreto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José A S Reis
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, RibeirãoPreto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, RibeirãoPreto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, RibeirãoPreto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, RibeirãoPreto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain.
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bouso JC, Révész D, Ona G, Rossi GN, Rocha JM, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Alcázar-Corcoles MÁ. Longitudinal and transcultural assessment of the relationship between hallucinogens, well-being, and post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14052. [PMID: 37696900 PMCID: PMC10495368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the health and wellbeing of the global population. This paper presents the results of a longitudinal transcultural study that was begun at the peak of the pandemic (in April, 2020). An online survey was used to collect data from English-, Spanish-, and Portuguese-speaking participants. The survey collected information about sociodemographics, lifestyle activities, COVID-19-related circumstances, and drug use (with an emphasis on hallucinogenic drugs), as well as involving psychometric questionnaires. Users of hallucinogenic drugs had higher psychological well-being and lower scores on psychopathology scales, both at baseline and during follow-ups. This difference was larger when users were distinguished by frequency of use, as regular users scored higher on psychological well-being and lower on psychopathology scales. Subjects with more psychological distress had lower scores for all scales of post-traumatic growth, but if they were regular hallucinogens users, they had higher scores for post-traumatic growth. When comparing the results between cultural contexts, heterogeneous results were obtained. There were more English-speaking regular users of hallucinogenic drugs. Further research should analyse the potential role of hallucinogens in large-scale catastrophes, with a special focus on post-traumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bouso
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, C/ Sepúlveda, 65 Bajos 2, 08015, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain.
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Dóra Révész
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, C/ Sepúlveda, 65 Bajos 2, 08015, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Genís Ona
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, C/ Sepúlveda, 65 Bajos 2, 08015, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Giordano N Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Rocha
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, C/ Sepúlveda, 65 Bajos 2, 08015, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Corcoles
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Mendonça MS, Mangiavacchi PM, Mendes AV, Loureiro SR, Martín-Santos R, Glória LS, Marques W, De Marco SPG, Kanashiro MM, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS, Rios ÁFL. DNA methylation in regulatory elements of the FKBP5 and NR3C1 gene in mother-child binomials with depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:287-299. [PMID: 36933666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FKBP5 and NR3C1 genes play an important role in stress response, thus impacting mental health. Stress factor exposure in early life, such as maternal depression, may contribute to epigenetic modifications in stress response genes, increasing the susceptibility to different psychopathologies. The present study aimed to evaluate the DNA methylation profile in maternal-infant depression in regulatory regions of the FKBP5 gene and the alternative promoter of the NR3C1 gene. METHODS We evaluated 60 mother-infant pairs. The levels of DNA methylation were analyzed by the MSRED-qPCR technique. RESULTS We observed an increased DNA methylation profile in the NR3C1 gene promoter in children with depression and children exposed to maternal depression (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed a correlation of DNA methylation between mothers and offspring exposed to maternal depression. This correlation shows a possible intergenerational effect of maternal MDD exposure on the offspring. For FKBP5, we found a decrease in DNA methylation at intron 7 in children exposed to maternal MDD during pregnancy and a correlation of DNA methylation between mothers and children exposed to maternal MDD (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Although the individuals of this study are a rare group, the sample size of the study was small, and we evaluated the DNA methylation of only one CpG site for each region. CONCLUSION These results indicate changes in DNA methylation levels in regulatory regions of FKBP5 and NR3C1 in the mother-child MDD context and represent a potential target of studies to understand the depression etiology and how it occurs between generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Mendonça
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Paula M Mangiavacchi
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Animal Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ana V Mendes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Sonia R Loureiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Rocio Martín-Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Neurociencias, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Leonardo S Glória
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Wilson Marques
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Silmara P G De Marco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Milton M Kanashiro
- Laboratory of Recognition Biology, North Fluminense State University (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A S Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro F L Rios
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil.
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9
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Rossi GN, Hallak JEC, Baker G, Dursun SM, Dos Santos RG. The effects of ketamine and classic hallucinogens on neurotrophic and inflammatory markers in unipolar treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review of clinical trials. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:129-155. [PMID: 35829812 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although results are still preliminary, ketamine and classical hallucinogens have shown promise in recent years as novel, fast-acting antidepressants, especially for the treatment of unipolar treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Depression also seems to be related to abnormal levels of peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers, which may one day help to diagnose of this disorder. In this context, this systematic review of clinical trials evaluated the current evidence that relates the antidepressant effects of ketamine and classical hallucinogens on TRD with changes in inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers. Twelve studies were found (n = 587), 2 with oral ayahuasca (1 mL/kg) and 10 with ketamine (mostly intravenous 0.5 mg/kg) administration. Results for all biomarkers assessed were contradictory and thus inconclusive. Randomized controlled trials with bigger samples and higher statistical power are warranted to clarify if peripheral biomarkers can confidently be used to indicate and measure ketamine's and classical hallucinogens' antidepressant effect. The PROSPERO ID for this study is CRD42021249089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen Baker
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Rodríguez-Cano BJ, Kohek M, Ona G, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Bouso JC. Underground ibogaine use for the treatment of substance use disorders: A qualitative analysis of subjective experiences. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:401-414. [PMID: 36456173 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ibogaine is one of the alkaloids naturally found in plants such as Tabernanthe iboga, which has been traditionally used by members of the Bwiti culture. Since the discovery of its anti-addictive properties by Howard S. Lotsof in 1962, ibogaine has been used experimentally to treat substance use disorders (SUD), especially those involving opioids. We aim to provide a detailed understanding of the underlying psychological aspects of underground ibogaine use for the treatment of SUD. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 participants with SUD, which motivated their self-treatment with ibogaine. The data were analysed using the grounded theory approach and considered the context of the treatment, and the nature of the occurring hallucinogenic and cognitive phenomena during the treatment experience. RESULTS We identified several psychological effects that the study respondents experienced, which seem to play a substantial role in the therapeutic process concerning SUD. The evoking of interpersonal and transpersonal experiences, autobiographical memories, and preparation, integration and motivation for a lifestyle change are important components that participants reported during and after ibogaine intake. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Ibogaine is increasingly being used for the treatment of SUD, due in part to the limited treatment options currently available. Its beneficial effects seem to be related not only to its complex pharmacology but also to the subjective experience that ibogaine induces. The main aspects of this experience are related to autobiographical memories and valuable personal insights, which together appear to help individuals cope with their SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja J Rodríguez-Cano
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maja Kohek
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Genís Ona
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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dos Santos RG, Rossi GN, Hallak JEC, Öngür D, Dursun SM. Classical Hallucinogens As Antidepressant Drugs: A Cautionary Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:10-12. [PMID: 35469569 PMCID: PMC10193763 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220425133824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G. dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital/Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass., United States
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Libânio TC, Eufrásio RA, Niigaki SS, Peres FF, Silva RH, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS, Calzavara MB, Abílio VC. Harmine impairs memory performance of treated rats and nontreated cagemates. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:751-759. [PMID: 34735205 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interest in psychedelic substances as potential treatments for psychiatric disorders is increasing. The β-carboline harmine, an Ayahuasca component, presents hallucinogenic and antidepressant effects. Although Ayuahuasca-and consequently harmine-is usually consumed in rituals, the role of social contexts in the behavioral effects of harmine has not been investigated yet. In this sense, affective states may modulate cohabitants' behavior, including learning/memory. This work investigates the effects of harmine on the learning/memory performance of rats evaluated on the contextual and tone fear conditioning (CFC and TFC) and on the plus-maze discriminative avoidance (PMDAT) tasks. The possible influence of a harmine-treated cohabitant was assessed by evaluating rats housed in homogeneous cages-where all the animals were acutely administered with the same treatment (vehicle, 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg harmine), and in heterogeneous cages-where each animal received a different drug treatment. The main results are: (a) harmine impaired CFC (10 mg/kg) and PMDAT discrimination (all doses); and (b) harmine caused a memory deficit in CFC, TFC, and PMDAT of untreated rats kept in heterogeneous cages. Our results show that harmine induces a memory deficit in tasks with emotional contexts. Further, the cohabitation with animals treated with this drug also seems to impair memory performance of untreated animals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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13
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Souza JDS, Zuardi AW, Guimarães FS, Osório FDL, Loureiro SR, Campos AC, Hallak JEC, Dos Santos RG, Machado Silveira IL, Pereira-Lima K, Pacheco JC, Ushirohira JM, Ferreira RR, Costa KCM, Scomparin DS, Scarante FF, Pires-Dos-Santos I, Mechoulam R, Kapczinski F, Fonseca BAL, Esposito DLA, Andraus MH, Crippa JAS. Maintained anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol after treatment discontinuation in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:856846. [PMID: 36263136 PMCID: PMC9574068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.856846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether the effects of oral administration of 300 mg of Cannabidiol (CBD) for 28 days on mental health are maintained for a period after the medication discontinuation. Methods: This is a 3-month follow-up observational and clinical trial study. The data were obtained from two studies performed simultaneously by the same team in the same period and region with Brazilian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scales to assess emotional symptoms were applied weekly, in the first month, and at weeks eight and 12. Results: The primary outcome was that, compared to the control group, a significant reduction in General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) from baseline values was observed in the CBD group on weeks two, four, and eight (Within-Subjects Contrasts, time-group interactions: F1-125 = 7.67; p = 0.006; ηp2 = 0.06; F1-125 = 6.58; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.05; F1-125 = 4.28; p = 0.04; ηp2 = 0.03, respectively) after the end of the treatment. Conclusions: The anxiolytic effects of CBD in frontline health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic were maintained up to 1 month after the treatment discontinuation, suggesting a persistent decrease in anxiety in this group in the real world. Future double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the present findings and weigh the benefits of CBD therapy against potential undesired or adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Diogo S. Souza
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: José Diogo S. Souza,
| | - Antonio W. Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- National Institute for Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Lima Osório
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina Loureiro
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alline Cristina Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Pereira-Lima
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, IN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Cozar Pacheco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mayumi Ushirohira
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rinaldi Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Davi Silveira Scomparin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Franciele Franco Scarante
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pires-Dos-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- National Institute for Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benedito A. L. Fonseca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Danillo L. A. Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - José Alexandre S. Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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14
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de Almeida V, Seabra G, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Zuccoli GS, Rumin P, Fioramonte M, Smith BJ, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Campos AC, Crippa JA, Martins-de-Souza D. Cannabinoids modulate proliferation, differentiation, and migration signaling pathways in oligodendrocytes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1311-1323. [PMID: 35622101 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid signaling, mainly via CB1 and CB2 receptors, plays an essential role in oligodendrocyte health and functions. However, the specific molecular signals associated with the activation or blockade of CB1 and CB2 receptors in this glial cell have yet to be elucidated. Mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics and in silico biology tools were used to determine which signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms are triggered in a human oligodendrocytic cell line (MO3.13) by several pharmacological stimuli: the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD); CB1 and CB2 agonists ACEA, HU308, and WIN55, 212-2; CB1 and CB2 antagonists AM251 and AM630; and endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The modulation of cannabinoid signaling in MO3.13 was found to affect pathways linked to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Additionally, we found that carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as mitochondrial function, were modulated by these compounds. Comparing the proteome changes and upstream regulators among treatments, the highest overlap was between the CB1 and CB2 antagonists, followed by overlaps between AEA and 2-AG. Our study opens new windows of opportunities, suggesting that cannabinoid signaling in oligodendrocytes might be relevant in the context of demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomics data are available at ProteomeXchange (PXD031923).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Seabra
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rumin
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fioramonte
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bradley J Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico E Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Pedrazzi JFC, Ferreira FR, Silva-Amaral D, Lima DA, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Del-Bel EA, Guimarães FS, Costa KCM, Campos AC, Crippa ACS, Crippa JAS. Cannabidiol for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: hope or hype? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2713-2734. [PMID: 35904579 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose symptoms include impaired communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and varying levels of intellectual disability. ASD is observed in early childhood and is one of the most severe chronic childhood disorders in prevalence, morbidity, and impact on society. It is usually accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and epilepsy. The treatment of ASD has low efficacy, possibly because it has a heterogeneous nature, and its neurobiological basis is not clearly understood. Drugs such as risperidone and aripiprazole are the only two drugs available that are recognized by the Food and Drug Administration, primarily for treating the behavioral symptoms of this disorder. These drugs have limited efficacy and a high potential for inducing undesirable effects, compromising treatment adherence. Therefore, there is great interest in exploring the endocannabinoid system, which modulates the activity of other neurotransmitters, has actions in social behavior and seems to be altered in patients with ASD. Thus, cannabidiol (CBD) emerges as a possible strategy for treating ASD symptoms since it has relevant pharmacological actions on the endocannabinoid system and shows promising results in studies related to disorders in the central nervous system. OBJECTIVES Review the preclinical and clinical data supporting CBD's potential as a treatment for the symptoms and comorbidities associated with ASD, as well as discuss and provide information with the purpose of not trivializing the use of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F C Pedrazzi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Frederico R Ferreira
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Silva-Amaral
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Lima
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del-Bel
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla C M Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C S Crippa
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Neuropediatric Center of the Hospital of Clinics (CENEP), Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José A S Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Dos Santos RG, Rocha JM, Rossi GN, Osório FL, Ona G, Bouso JC, Silveira GDO, Yonamine M, Marchioni C, Crevelin EJ, Queiroz ME, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC. Effects of ayahuasca on the endocannabinoid system of healthy volunteers and in volunteers with social anxiety disorder: Results from two pilot, proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2834. [PMID: 35107855 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess endocannabinoid (anandamide, AEA; 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2-AG) plasma levels in healthy volunteers and in volunteers with social anxiety disorder (SAD) after a single oral dose of ayahuasca or placebo. METHODS Post hoc analysis of endocannabinoid plasma levels (baseline, 90 and 240 min after drug intake) from two parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. In Study 1, 20 healthy volunteers ingested ayahuasca (average 1.58 mg/ml dimethyltryptamine (DMT)) or placebo, and in Study 2, 17 volunteers with SAD received ayahuasca (average 0.680 mg/ml DMT) or placebo. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in AEA concentrations in Study 2 after ayahuasca intake (Χ2 (2) = 6.5, p = 0.03, Friedman test), and near significant differences (increases) were observed between baseline and 90 (Z = 0, p = 0.06, Wilcoxon test) and 240 (Z = 10, p = 0.06) minutes after ayahuasca intake. CONCLUSIONS Although our findings suggest that ayahuasca could modulate AEA levels in SAD patients, the high interindividual variability in both trials and the small samples preclude definitive conclusions. More research with larger samples is needed to better understand the effects of ayahuasca and other hallucinogens in the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Mendes Rocha
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Genís Ona
- ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Mauricio Yonamine
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Marchioni
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Eugênia Queiroz
- National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departament of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Souza JDS, Fassoni-Ribeiro M, Batista RM, Ushirohira JM, Zuardi AW, Guimarães FS, Campos AC, Osório FDL, Elias D, Souza CS, Fassoni AA, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS. Case Report: Cannabidiol-Induced Skin Rash: A Case Series and Key Recommendations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:881617. [PMID: 35662726 PMCID: PMC9161546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.881617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic constituent of the Cannabis plant, with potential therapeutic properties for many physical and neuropsychiatric conditions. Isolated CBD has been suggested to have favorable safety and tolerability. Although CBD-related rash is described, few case reports are well documented in the literature, and usually, CBD was used concomitantly with other medications. Thus, we report four women who presented a skin rash after ongoing CBD use. Other causes of these skin rashes were ruled out after conducting an extensive viral and serological detection panel, and three patients had their lesions biopsied. Two patients were re-exposed to the vehicle (MCT) without developing a new skin rash. Therefore, clinicians must be aware of this potential adverse effect of CBD use.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Diogo S Souza
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Rayssa Miranda Batista
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mayumi Ushirohira
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Lima Osório
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Elias
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cacilda S Souza
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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18
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Ona G, Rocha JM, Bouso JC, Hallak JEC, Borràs T, Colomina MT, Dos Santos RG. The adverse events of ibogaine in humans: an updated systematic review of the literature (2015-2020). Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1977-1987. [PMID: 34406452 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ibogaine is the main alkaloid of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. It produces hallucinogenic and psychostimulant effects, but it is currently known for the anti-addictive properties. Despite the potential therapeutic effects, several cases of fatalities and serious adverse events related to ibogaine/noribogaine use can be found in the literature. Most studies consist in case reports or were conducted under non-controlled settings, so causation cannot be clearly established. OBJECTIVES To update (2015-2020) the literature on the adverse events and fatalities associated with ibogaine/noribogaine administration. METHODS Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS Eighteen studies were included in the final selection. Highly heterogeneous results were found in terms of kind of product used or the known dosages. The adverse events were classified in acute effects (< 24 h), mainly cardiac (the most common was QTc prolongation), gastrointestinal, neurological, and clinical alterations, and long-lasting effects (> 24 h), mainly persistent cardiac alterations, psychiatric, and neurological signs. CONCLUSIONS There is a high need of phase I clinical trials that can describe the safety of different dosages of ibogaine with standardized products. Further research should perform clinical profiling of vulnerable populations, and design effective screening methods and clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genís Ona
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juliana Mendes Rocha
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 3900, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 3900, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tre Borràs
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus. Servei de Drogodependències I Salut Mental. Pla D'Accions Sobre Drogues de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 3900, Brazil.
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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19
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Kohek M, Ona G, van Elk M, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Bouso JC. Ayahuasca and Public Health II: Health Status in a Large Sample of Ayahuasca-Ceremony Participants in the Netherlands. J Psychoactive Drugs 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35635152 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2077155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant decoction in traditional Amazonian medicine. Its ritual use has been internationalized, leading to policy challenges that countries should address. This study evaluates the impact of regular ayahuasca ceremony participation on health by assessing the health status of 377 participants in ayahuasca ceremonies in the Netherlands using validated health indicators. A questionnaire was developed and administered to study participants. The questionnaire included several health indicators with public health relevance (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity) and psychometrically validated questionnaires (ELS and COPE-easy). The data retrieved through health indicators was compared to normative Dutch data. Participants (50.1% women) were mostly Dutch (84.6%) with a mean age of 48.8 years (SD = 11.6). Compared to normative Dutch data, regular participants in ayahuasca ceremonies showed better general well-being, fewer chronic or lifestyle-related diseases, more physical activity, and a more balanced diet. Participants also used less alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic, and although they used more illegal drugs than the general population, they did not report associated harms. Our findings suggest that regular participation in ayahuasca ceremonies is not linked to relevant health harms. This data could help drug policymakers to develop and implement evidence-based public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kohek
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Ona
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michiel van Elk
- Cognitive Psychology Section, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Córcoles
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Rossi GN, Hallak JEC, Bouso Saiz JC, dos Santos RG. Safety issues of psilocybin and LSD as potential rapid acting antidepressants and potential challenges. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2022; 21:761-776. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2066650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso Saiz
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rafael G. dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
- ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Rossi GN, Dias ICDS, Baker G, Bouso Saiz JC, Dursun SM, Hallak JEC, Dos Santos RG. Ayahuasca, a potentially rapid acting antidepressant: focus on safety and tolerability. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2022; 21:789-801. [PMID: 35301934 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2054988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew originally used by indigenous tribes from the Amazon Rainforest and in religious rituals. Pre-clinical and observational studies have demonstrated its possible potential as an antidepressant, and open and placebo-controlled clinical trials corroborated these results. For it to become an approved treatment for depression, its safety and tolerability need to be assessed and documented. AREAS COVERED We have gathered data regarding occurrence of adverse events (AEs) in all reported randomized, placebo-controlled trials with healthy and clinical populations involving ayahuasca administration (n = 108 ayahuasca administrations). We systematically categorized these results, recorded their prevalence and discussed the possible mechanisms related to their emergence. EXPERT OPINION : There were no reports of serious AEs, indicating a relative safety of ayahuasca administration in controlled settings. Most common AEs related to ayahuasca administration included nausea, vomiting, headaches and transient increases in cardiovascular measurements. Ayahuasca research is still in its infancy, especially concerning the absence of large and robust clinical trials to verify its antidepressant effects. Dose standardization, legal prohibition of the possession of its alkaloids and how traditional communities will be compensated if ayahuasca becomes an approved medicine are the biggest obstacles to overcome for its future use in the therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Glen Baker
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM) CNPq, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - José Carlos Bouso Saiz
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Research and Services, ICEERS International Center for Ethnobotanical Education ,Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Anthopology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM) CNPq, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM) CNPq, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM) CNPq, Brazil.,Research and Services, ICEERS International Center for Ethnobotanical Education ,Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Corrê MDS, de Freitas BS, Machado GDB, Pires VN, Bromberg E, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Schröder N. Cannabidiol reverses memory impairments and activates components of the Akt/GSK3β pathway in an experimental model of estrogen depletion. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113555. [PMID: 34450240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical evidence has indicated that estrogen depletion leads to memory impairments and increases the susceptibility to neural damage. Here, we have sought to investigate the effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) a non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa, on memory deficits induced by estrogen depletion in rats, and its underlying mechanisms. Adult rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, an established estrogen depletion model in rodents, or sham surgery and allowed to recover for three weeks. After that, they received daily injections of CBD (10 mg/kg) for fourteen days. Rats were tested in the inhibitory avoidance task, a type of emotionally-motivated memory. After behavioral testing they were euthanized, and their hippocampi were isolated for analysis of components of the Akt/GSK3β survival pathway and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2. Results revealed that ovariectomy impaired avoidance memory, and CBD was able to completely reverse estrogen depletion-induced memory impairment. Ovariectomy also reduced Akt/GSK3β pathway's activation by decreasing the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK3β and Bcl2 levels, which were ameliorated by CBD. The present results indicate that CBD leads to a functional recovery accompanied by the Akt/GSK3β survival pathway's activation, supporting its potential as a treatment for estrogen decline-induced deterioration of neural functioning and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio da Silveira Corrê
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health, Integrated Regional University of Upper Uruguay and Missions, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Betânia Souza de Freitas
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Dalto Barroso Machado
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vivian Naziaseno Pires
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elke Bromberg
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Waldo Zuardi
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadja Schröder
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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23
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Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC. The first department of medical psychology in the world and its impact on medical education. Braz J Psychiatry 2021; 44:223-224. [PMID: 34730719 PMCID: PMC9169483 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Crippa JAS, Zuardi AW, Guimarães FS, Campos AC, de Lima Osório F, Loureiro SR, dos Santos RG, Souza JDS, Ushirohira JM, Pacheco JC, Ferreira RR, Mancini Costa KC, Scomparin DS, Scarante FF, Pires-Dos-Santos I, Mechoulam R, Kapczinski F, Fonseca BAL, Esposito DLA, Pereira-Lima K, Sen S, Andraus MH, Hallak JEC. Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Plus Standard Care vs Standard Care Alone for the Treatment of Emotional Exhaustion and Burnout Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2120603. [PMID: 34387679 PMCID: PMC8363917 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Frontline health care professionals who work with patients with COVID-19 have an increased incidence of burnout symptoms. Cannabidiol (CBD) has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties and may be capable of reducing emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms. OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of CBD therapy for the reduction of emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms among frontline health care professionals working with patients with COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective open-label single-site randomized clinical trial used a 1:1 block randomization design to examine emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms among frontline health care professionals (physicians, nurses, and physical therapists) working with patients with COVID-19 at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were enrolled between June 12 and November 12, 2020. A total of 214 health care professionals were recruited and assessed for eligibility, and 120 participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio by a researcher who was not directly involved with data collection. INTERVENTIONS Cannabidiol, 300 mg (150 mg twice per day), plus standard care or standard care alone for 28 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms, which were assessed for 28 days using the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Brazilian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. RESULTS A total of 120 participants were randomized to receive either CBD, 300 mg, plus standard care (treatment arm; n = 61) or standard care alone (control arm; n = 59) for 28 days. Of those, 118 participants (59 participants in each arm; 79 women [66.9%]; mean age, 33.6 years [95% CI, 32.3-34.9 years]) received the intervention and were included in the efficacy analysis. In the treatment arm, scores on the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory significantly decreased at day 14 (mean difference, 4.14 points; 95% CI, 1.47-6.80 points; partial eta squared [ηp2] = 0.08), day 21 (mean difference, 4.34 points; 95% CI, 0.94-7.73 points; ηp2 = 0.05), and day 28 (mean difference, 4.01 points; 95% CI, 0.43-7.59 points; ηp2 = 0.04). However, 5 participants, all of whom were in the treatment group, experienced serious adverse events: 4 cases of elevated liver enzymes (1 critical and 3 mild, with the mild elevations reported at the final 28-day assessment) and 1 case of severe pharmacodermia. In 2 of those cases (1 with critical elevation of liver enzymes and 1 with severe pharmacodermia), CBD therapy was discontinued, and the participants had a full recovery. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, CBD therapy reduced symptoms of burnout and emotional exhaustion among health care professionals working with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is necessary to balance the benefits of CBD therapy with potential undesired or adverse effects. Future double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the present findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04504877.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alexandre S. Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology–Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W. Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology–Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- National Institute for Science and Technology–Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alline Cristina Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Lima Osório
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology–Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina Loureiro
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology–Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Diogo S. Souza
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mayumi Ushirohira
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Cozar Pacheco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rinaldi Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Cristinne Mancini Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Silveira Scomparin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciele Franco Scarante
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pires-Dos-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- National Institute for Science and Technology–Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benedito A. L. Fonseca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danillo L. A. Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira-Lima
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Srijan Sen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology–Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silveira GDO, Lourenço FR, Fonseca Pego AM, Guimarães Dos Santos R, Rossi GN, Hallak JEC, Yonamine M. Essential oil-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines in human plasma: A novel solvent-free alternative. Talanta 2021; 225:121976. [PMID: 33592724 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the development of a novel solvent-free vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction alternative based on a natural essential oil as extracting solvent (VA-EO-DLLME) for the determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine (HRM), harmaline (HRL) and tetrahydroarmine (THH) (compounds found in the ayahuasca tea, a psychedelic plant preparation) in human plasma. After optimization through full factorial and Box-Behnken experimental designs, this VA-EO-DLLME followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was completely validated and applied to authentic plasma specimens. Sample preparation consisted in the addition of 60 mg of NaCl, 100 μL of borate buffer and 100 μL of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil to a 200 μL aliquot of human plasma. After 30 s of vortex agitation followed by 5 min of centrifugation (10,000 rpm), 80 μL of the oil supernatant was dried and resuspended in mobile phase prior to injection into the UHPLC-MS/MS system. Once optimized, the validated method yielded LoDs ≤1.0 ng mL-1 for all analytes. LoQ was 1.0 ng mL-1 for DMT, HRL and HRM and 2.0 ng mL-1 for THH. The method has shown to be linear over the range of LoQ up to 150 ng mL-1 (r2 ≥ 0.9926). Intra/inter-day precision and accuracy met the acceptance criteria at three quality control (QC) levels. An additional intermediate precision study demonstrated that, except for THH and HRL at low and medium QCs, the overall method performance was similar for the three different oil sources. Matrix effect evaluation showed predominant ion suppression, ranging from 56% to 83%. Recovery varied from 33 up to 101% with an average of 50 ± 15.8%. Selectivity studies showed no interferences. Analysis of 13 authentic samples proved method feasibility. Finally, we believe that our novel VA-EO-DLLME approach offers a very simple, fast, cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative based on the use of an easily accessible and entirely green material as an extracting solvent. This may represent an incentive for researchers to investigate novel and creative alternatives, such as essential oils, as substitutes of organic solvents for microextraction methods in forensic and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Oliveira Silveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Rebello Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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26
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de Almeida CMO, Brito MMC, Bosaipo NB, Pimentel AV, Tumas V, Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, Eckeli AL. Cannabidiol for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1711-1715. [PMID: 33754375 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a common non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main non-psychoactive components of Cannabis sativa and may represent an alternative route for treating RBD. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the efficacy and safety of CBD for RBD in PD. METHODS We conducted a phase II/III, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 33 patients with RBD and PD. Patients were randomized 1:1 to CBD in doses of 75 to 300mg or matched capsules placebo and were followed up for 14 weeks. The primary outcomes were the frequency of nights with RBD, CGI-I, and CGI-S. RESULTS CBD showed no difference to placebo for primary outcomes. Regarding secondary outcomes, we observed a significant improvement in average sleep satisfaction from the 4th to 8th week in the CBD versus placebo group with P = 0.049 and P = 0.038, respectively. CONCLUSION CBD, as an adjunct therapy, showed no reduction in RBD manifestations in PD patients. A transient improvement in sleep satisfaction with a dose of 300mg has been noted. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuelina M C Brito
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayanne B Bosaipo
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela V Pimentel
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, CNPq /FAPESP/CAPES, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose A S Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, CNPq /FAPESP/CAPES, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, CNPq /FAPESP/CAPES, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan L Eckeli
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Révész D, Ona G, Rossi GN, Rocha JM, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Bouso JC. Cross-Sectional Associations Between Lifetime Use of Psychedelic Drugs and Psychometric Measures During the COVID-19 Confinement: A Transcultural Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:687546. [PMID: 34220590 PMCID: PMC8242180 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.687546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the main public health strategies adopted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic consisted of implementing strict lockdowns to stop the transmission of the virus. Despite being an effective measure, the confinement and the associated social isolation create a stressful, potentially lengthy situations that has been proven to have several psychological consequences. Given the potential benefits that certain psychedelic drugs have shown for the treatment of psychological disorders, this study aimed to assess the impact of lifetime psychedelic drug use on mental health in relation to the first strict lockdown adopted by various countries (April-July 2020). Methods: Subjects completed an online survey that inquired about sociodemographic factors, activities, and lifestyle factors during confinement, as well as health and mental health related factors. Subjects were asked about their lifetime use of psychedelic drugs (MDMA, ayahuasca, psilocybin-containing mushrooms, LSD, peyote, San Pedro, Bufo alvarius or 5-MeO-DMT, and others), being classified as regular users (more than once per 6 months), occasional users, or non-users. The survey included psychometric tests used to assess psychological distress, peritraumatic stress, social support, psychopathological symptoms, and personality. Linear regressions were performed with psychedelic drug users as the independent variable and psychometric factors as the outcomes, while correcting for age, gender, language, religion, spirituality, and use of non-psychedelic drugs. Results: The study included 2,974 English, Portuguese, and Spanish speakers (497 regular users of psychedelic drugs, 606 occasional users, and 1,968 non-users). On average, respondents were 36 years old and 70% were female. Psychedelic drug users, especially regular ones, reported less psychological distress, less peritraumatic stress, and more social support. Regarding personality measures, psychedelic drug users scored higher on the novelty-seeking and self-transcendence scales, and lower on cooperativeness. Conclusion: Our findings showed that regular users of psychedelic drugs had less psychological stress and some personality differences when compared to occasional users and non-users. This suggests that either the use of psychedelics might be a protective factor itself or people with certain previous traits are more prone to frequently using psychedelic drugs. Future prospective longitudinal research should investigate the underlying processes observed in this study to develop consistent hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Révész
- Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Genís Ona
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Giordano N Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Rocha
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Á Alcázar-Córcoles
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Bouso
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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28
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Ona G, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Bouso JC. Polypharmacology or "Pharmacological Promiscuity" In Psychedelic Research: What Are We Missing? ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3191-3193. [PMID: 33021777 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research with psychedelic drugs has mainly focused on isolated compounds. However, this approach is challenged by the "polypharmacology" paradigm. In this Viewpoint, we suggest that we may be missing something if we do not use the whole product in the case of ayahuasca or Psilocybe mushrooms. After describing how research on psychedelic drugs can be effectively combined with the polypharmacology paradigm, ethical issues are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genı́s Ona
- ICEERS − International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona 08015, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Rafael G. Dos Santos
- ICEERS − International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona 08015, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- ICEERS − International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona 08015, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43003, Spain
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29
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Donadon MF, Chagas MHN, Apolinário-da-Silva TD, Okino ETK, Hallak JEC, Nicoletti ÊA, Pereira-Lima K, Degan EA, Santos RG, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Simei JLQ, Oliveira LM, Pontes HM, Osório FL. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short Form (IGDS9-SF) to the Brazilian context. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2020; 42:262-266. [PMID: 32844978 PMCID: PMC7879067 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assesses the severity, harmful effects and/or consequences of excessive online and offline gaming. Its conciseness and theoretical foundations on current diagnostic criteria of gaming disorders make it a useful resource for clinical and screening settings. Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the IGDS9-SF to the Brazilian context. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, back-translation, pre-test and elaboration of the final version. Content validity assessment was conducted by a multidisciplinary committee of experts and consisted of both a quantitative analysis (calculation of content validity coefficients – CVC) and a qualitative analysis (assessment of the experts’ comments and suggestions). The pre-test sample consisted of 30 gamers with variable sociodemographic characteristics. Results The cross-cultural adaptation of the scale followed the proposed protocol, and the CVC was satisfactory (≥ 0.83) for all the structures and equivalences assessed. Most of the suggestions made by the experts were accepted (mainly adjustments and language standardization). The gamers who participated in the pre-test judged the scale easy to understand and did not suggest changes. Discussion The Brazilian version of the IGDS9-SF showed adequate content validity and is available for researchers and clinicians, as well as for the investigation of additional psychometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F Donadon
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcos H N Chagas
- Departamento de Gerontologia , Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde , Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Thiago D Apolinário-da-Silva
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Erika T K Okino
- Departamento de Psicologia , Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto , USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Karina Pereira-Lima
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Média , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Rafael G Santos
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado-de-Sousa
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - João L Q Simei
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Lucas M Oliveira
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Halley M Pontes
- School of Psychological Sciences , University of Tasmania , Hobart TAS , Australia .,The International Cyberpsychology and Addictions Research Laboratory (iCARL), University of Tasmania , Launceston , TAS , Australia
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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30
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Rossi GN, Osório FL, Morgan CJA, Crippa JAS, Bouso JC, Rocha JM, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Santos RGD. The effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the recognition of emotions in facial expressions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:236-246. [PMID: 32745478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are phytocannabinoids being linked with modulation of anxiety and depression. The recognition of emotions in facial expressions (REFE) is impaired in these disorders. Both drugs could modulate anxiety and mood by interfering with REFE. Thus, a systematic review of controlled trials assessing the effects of THC and CBD on REFE was performed. Ten studies describing seven distinct experiments were found (n = 170). THC (7.5-15 mg) did not alter REFE in three experiments, but reduced task performance in other three experiments. CBD did not alter REFE in two experiments, but improved task performance and counteracted the effects of THC in one experiment. THC (≥ 10 mg) and CBD (600 mg) showed opposite effects on brain activation, skin conductance, and anxiety measures with negative/threatening faces. The limited number of studies precludes firm conclusions on the effects of these substances on REFE. Further controlled trials are needed to elucidate the effects of THC and CBD on REFE. The PROSPERO ID for this study is CRD42019135085.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil.
| | - Celia J A Morgan
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK; Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juliana Mendes Rocha
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil.
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil.
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Palinkas M, Pagnano L, Da Siva GP, Hallak JEC, Da Silva NS, Regalo IH, Verri ED, Regalo SCH, Siéssere S. Does Parkinson's disease interfere with electromyographic fatigue of masticatory muscles? Arch Ital Biol 2020; 157:105-110. [PMID: 32323294 DOI: 10.12871/00039829202041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with manifestations related to oxidative stress and damage to the skeletal striated musculature. This study evaluated the electromyographic fatigue of the masseter and temporal muscles in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The median frequency of the normotensive electromyographic signal was analyzed in 16 individuals, aged between 50 and 70 years, with Parkinson's disease in stages I and III of the Hoehn and Yahr disability scale (n=8) or without the disease (n=8). The data were tabulated and analyzed statistically (t-test, p .05). Compared with the group without Parkinson's disease, the group with the disease showed an increase in the median frequency, with significant differences for the right masseter (p=.05) and the right temporal (p=.03) muscles. The results suggest that there is a link between Parkinson's disease and functional alterations of the masticatory system, especially when electromyographic fatigue is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palinkas
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil -
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32
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de Oliveira Silveira G, Guimarães dos Santos R, Rebello Lourenço F, Novak Rossi G, Hallak JEC, Yonamine M. Stability Evaluation of DMT and Harmala Alkaloids in Ayahuasca Tea Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092072. [PMID: 32365548 PMCID: PMC7248686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayahuasca tea is a hallucinogenic beverage used for religious purposes in Brazil and many other countries that has therapeutic potential in the treatment of some mental health disorders. In the context of psychedelic research, quantification of the tea's main alkaloids prior to its administration in animal or human studies is essential. For this reason, this study aims to provide information regarding the stability of the main ayahuasca alkaloids (dimethyltryptamine, DMT; harmine, HRM; tetrahydroharmine, THH; harmaline, HRL) in three different conditions: (1) A year stored in a refrigerator either in plastic or glass containers, (2) seven days at 37 °C to reproduce usual mail transportation, and (3) after three freeze-thaw cycles. Samples were quantified after a dilute-and-shoot procedure using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). There was no significant degradation of DMT concentration over time in all tested conditions. Harmala alkaloids (THH, HRL, and HRM) showed important variations after long-term and high-temperature storages. Although DMT has proven to be stable in all studied conditions, the harmala alkaloids revealed intense degradation and even concentration increment. This may be caused by degradation, alkaloid inter-conversion, and leaching from tea precipitate material. Therefore, ayahuasca quantification before administration in controlled sets is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Oliveira Silveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafael Guimarães dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (R.G.d.S.); (G.N.R.); (J.E.C.H.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rebello Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (R.G.d.S.); (G.N.R.); (J.E.C.H.)
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (R.G.d.S.); (G.N.R.); (J.E.C.H.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology—Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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Dos Santos RG, Guimarães FS, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, Rossi GN, Rocha JM, Zuardi AW. Serious adverse effects of cannabidiol (CBD): a review of randomized controlled trials. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:517-526. [PMID: 32271618 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1754793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent trials using cannabidiol (CBD) have shown that most acute and prolonged adverse effects of CBD are mild to moderate, with rare serious adverse effects (SAEs). This review focused on analyzing SAEs of CBD and their possible relation to drug-drug interactions. AREAS COVERED We systematically analyzed the SAEs reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the administration of oral CBD for at least 1 week in both healthy volunteers and clinical samples. EXPERT OPINION SAEs related to CBD in RCT are rare and include mainly elevated transaminases, convulsion, sedation, lethargy, and upper respiratory tract infections. Elevated transaminases are related to concomitant valproate use, while sedation, lethargy, and upper respiratory tract infections are related to concomitant clobazam use. Epileptic patients should be monitored when using CBD concomitantly with these and other antiepileptic drugs for other possible drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine , Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine , Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine , Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine , Brazil
| | - Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mendes Rocha
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine , Brazil
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Jiménez-Garrido DF, Gómez-Sousa M, Ona G, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Bouso JC. Effects of ayahuasca on mental health and quality of life in naïve users: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study combination. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4075. [PMID: 32139811 PMCID: PMC7057990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic decoction used as a traditional medicine in several Amazonian regions. The ritualistic use of ayahuasca has spread throughout many countries, making it necessary to study its risks and benefits. Two sub-studies were designed for this investigation. In sub-study 1, a psychiatric interview and a battery of questionnaires were administered to subjects (n = 40) before their first ayahuasca use. Two follow-ups were conducted at 1 and 6 months. In sub-study 2, the same interview and battery of questionnaires were administered to long-term ayahuasca users (n = 23) and their scores were compared with those of the ayahuasca-naïve group. In the first assessment, nearly half (45%) of the naïve users were found to meet the diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder. After the ayahuasca use, more than 80% of those subjects showed clinical improvements that persisted at 6 months. The questionnaires showed significant reductions in depression and psychopathology. Regarding sub-study 2, long-term users showed lower depression scores, and higher scores for self-transcendence and quality of life, as compared to their peers in sub-study 1. Further controlled and observational naturalistic studies assessing the eventual risks and potential benefits of ayahuasca are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Jiménez-Garrido
- ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Sousa
- ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Ona
- ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Córcoles
- Department of Biological & Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Madrid Autonomous University, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- ICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bouso JC, Jiménez-Garrido D, Ona G, Woźnica D, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Paranhos BAPB, de Almeida Mendes F, Yonamine M, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Farré M. Quality of Life, Mental Health, Personality and Patterns of Use in Self-Medicated Cannabis Users with Chronic Diseases: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1670-1677. [PMID: 32083789 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients using cannabis for therapeutic purposes is growing worldwide. While research regarding the treatment of certain diseases/disorders with cannabis and cannabinoids is also expanding, only a few longitudinal studies have assessed the mid-term impacts of medical cannabis use on psychological variables and quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study was to assess the psychological safety and QoL of patients with chronic diseases who self-medicate with cannabis over time. We recruited patients with various chronic diseases who use cannabis and collected data regarding patterns of cannabis use as well as mental health, personality and QoL. Participants were followed-up at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 months. Hair analysis was conducted to confirm the presence of cannabinoids. Personality assessment showed a consistent decrease in self-transcendence and self-directedness scores. Neither cognitive nor psychopathological deterioration was found. There were also no variations in QoL. Mid-term use of medical cannabis seems to show adequate tolerability regarding cognitive and psychopathological abilities, and it may help patients with chronic diseases to maintain an acceptable QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Bouso
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez-Garrido
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Ona
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Medical Anthropology Research Center, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Damian Woźnica
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A P B Paranhos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Almeida Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Á Alcázar-Córcoles
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
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Palhano-Fontes F, Barreto D, Onias H, Andrade KC, Novaes MM, Pessoa JA, Mota-Rolim SA, Osório FL, Sanches R, dos Santos RG, Tófoli LF, de Oliveira Silveira G, Yonamine M, Riba J, Santos FR, Silva-Junior AA, Alchieri JC, Galvão-Coelho NL, Lobão-Soares B, Hallak JEC, Arcoverde E, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Araújo DB. Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Psychol Med 2019; 49:655-663. [PMID: 29903051 PMCID: PMC6378413 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent open-label trials show that psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, hold promise as fast-onset antidepressants in treatment-resistant depression. METHODS To test the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca, we conducted a parallel-arm, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 29 patients with treatment-resistant depression. Patients received a single dose of either ayahuasca or placebo. We assessed changes in depression severity with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating scale at baseline, and at 1 (D1), 2 (D2), and 7 (D7) days after dosing. RESULTS We observed significant antidepressant effects of ayahuasca when compared with placebo at all-time points. MADRS scores were significantly lower in the ayahuasca group compared with placebo at D1 and D2 (p = 0.04), and at D7 (p < 0.0001). Between-group effect sizes increased from D1 to D7 (D1: Cohen's d = 0.84; D2: Cohen's d = 0.84; D7: Cohen's d = 1.49). Response rates were high for both groups at D1 and D2, and significantly higher in the ayahuasca group at D7 (64% v. 27%; p = 0.04). Remission rate showed a trend toward significance at D7 (36% v. 7%, p = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first controlled trial to test a psychedelic substance in treatment-resistant depression. Overall, this study brings new evidence supporting the safety and therapeutic value of ayahuasca, dosed within an appropriate setting, to help treat depression. This study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02914769).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Palhano-Fontes
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Dayanna Barreto
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Onias
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Katia C. Andrade
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Morgana M. Novaes
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Jessica A. Pessoa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Sergio A. Mota-Rolim
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Flávia L. Osório
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Sanches
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Tófoli
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Campinas, Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, USP, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Jordi Riba
- Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nicole L. Galvão-Coelho
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Emerson Arcoverde
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - João P. Maia-de-Oliveira
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Dráulio B. Araújo
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, UFRN, Natal/RN, Brazil
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Ona G, Kohek M, Massaguer T, Gomariz A, Jiménez DF, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Bouso JC. Ayahuasca and Public Health: Health Status, Psychosocial Well-Being, Lifestyle, and Coping Strategies in a Large Sample of Ritual Ayahuasca Users. J Psychoactive Drugs 2019; 51:135-145. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1567961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genís Ona
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maja Kohek
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Massaguer
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfred Gomariz
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel F. Jiménez
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael G. Dos Santos
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Riberão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Córcoles
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
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Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Guimarães FS, Tumas V, Dos Santos RG. Is cannabidiol the ideal drug to treat non-motor Parkinson's disease symptoms? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:121-133. [PMID: 30706171 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-00982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rest tremor, postural disturbances, and rigidity. PD is also characterized by non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric disorders such as psychosis, depression, and anxiety. The pharmacological treatment for these symptoms is limited in efficacy and induce significant adverse reactions, highlighting the need for better treatment options. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid devoid of the euphoriant and cognitive effects of tetrahydrocannabinol, and preclinical and preliminary clinical studies suggest that this compound has therapeutic effect in non-motor symptoms of PD. In the present text, we review the clinical studies of cannabinoids in PD and the preclinical and clinical studies specifically on CBD. We found four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the administration of agonists/antagonists of the cannabinoid 1 receptor, showing that these compounds were well tolerated, but only one study found positive results (reductions on levodopa-induced dyskinesia). We found seven preclinical models of PD using CBD, with six studies showing a neuroprotective effect of CBD. We found three trials involving CBD and PD: an open-label study, a case series, and an RCT. CBD was well tolerated, and all three studies reported significant therapeutic effects in non-motor symptoms (psychosis, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, daily activities, and stigma). However, sample sizes were small and CBD treatment was short (up to 6 weeks). Large-scale RCTs are needed to try to replicate these results and to assess the long-term safety of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alexandre S Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP-14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Rocha JM, Osório FL, Crippa JAS, Bouso JC, Rossi GN, Hallak JEC, Dos Santos RG. Serotonergic hallucinogens and recognition of facial emotion expressions: a systematic review of the literature. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2019; 9:2045125319845774. [PMID: 31065350 PMCID: PMC6487767 DOI: 10.1177/2045125319845774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of emotions in facial expressions (REFE) is a key aspect of social cognition. Anxiety and mood disorders are associated with deficits in REFE, and anxiolytics and antidepressants reverse these deficits. Recent studies have shown that serotonergic hallucinogens (i.e. ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], and mescaline) have anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, but their effects on REFE are not well understood. The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic review analyzing the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens on REFE in humans. METHODS Studies published in the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases until 19 October 2018 which analyzed the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens on REFE in humans were included. RESULTS Of the 62 studies identified, 8 studies were included. Included studies involved the administration of a single or a few doses of LSD or psilocybin, and most trials were randomized and controlled with placebo. LSD and psilocybin reduced the recognition of negative emotions in most studies and modulated amygdala activity to these stimuli, which was correlated with antidepressive effects in patients. Both drugs were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Serotonergic hallucinogens reduced the recognition of negative emotions by modulating amygdala activity. Despite the small sample sizes, results suggest that serotonergic hallucinogens show promising beneficial effects on deficits in REFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Rocha
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- ICEERS Foundation, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giordano N Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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dos Santos RG, Enyart S, Bouso JC, Pares Ò, Hallak JEC. “Ayahuasca turned on my mind’s eye”: Enhanced visual imagery after ayahuasca intake in a man with “blind imagination” (aphantasia). Journal of Psychedelic Studies 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2018.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G. dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Bouso
- ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Pares
- ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Abstract
In the past decade, an increasing number of clinical trials are reporting evidence that psychedelics or serotonergic hallucinogens (such as lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and ayahuasca/dimethyltryptamine) could be effective in the treatment of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood but seem to involve changes in bran dynamics in areas rich in serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors and in personality. In the present text, we present a brief and critical overview of the current research in this field, pointing out both promises and limitations of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Aixalà
- ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael G. dos Santos
- ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute
of Science and Technology − Translational Medicine, 05508-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute
of Science and Technology − Translational Medicine, 05508-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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Dos Santos RG, Bouso JC, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Hallak JEC. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:889-902. [PMID: 30102078 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1511424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the population. Although several pharmacological treatments are available, they are not effective for a significant proportion of patients and are associated with several adverse reactions. Therefore, new treatments should be explored. Recent studies suggest that serotonergic hallucinogens/psychedelics including ayahuasca, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have anxiolytic, antidepressive, and antiaddictive effects. Areas Covered: A systematic review of systematic reviews assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of serotonergic hallucinogens/psychedelic was performed using the PubMed data base until 11 April 2018. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were analyzed, but only reviews that described at least one randomized controlled trial (RCT) were included. Expert Commentary: Psilocybin and LSD reduced anxiety and depression in cancer patients and symptoms of alcohol and tobacco dependence, and ayahuasca reduced depression symptoms in treatment-resistant depression. Although the results are promising, several studies were open label, and only few were RCTs, and most had small sample sizes and a short duration. Single or few doses of these drugs seem to be well tolerated, but long-term studies are lacking. New RCTs with bigger samples and longer duration are needed to replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Dos Santos
- a ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil.,c Translational Medicine , National Institute of Science and Technology , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- a ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Córcoles
- d Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Facultad de Psicología , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- b Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil.,c Translational Medicine , National Institute of Science and Technology , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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Peres FF, Diana MC, Levin R, Suiama MA, Almeida V, Vendramini AM, Santos CM, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Abílio VC. Cannabidiol Administered During Peri-Adolescence Prevents Behavioral Abnormalities in an Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:901. [PMID: 30186164 PMCID: PMC6113576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a debilitating neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder and its pharmacotherapy remains problematic without recent major advances. The development of interventions able to prevent the emergence of schizophrenia would therefore represent an enormous progress. Here, we investigated whether treatment with cannabidiol (CBD - a compound of Cannabis sativa that presents an antipsychotic profile in animals and humans) during peri-adolescence would prevent schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities in an animal model of schizophrenia: the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain. Wistar rats and SHRs were treated with vehicle or CBD from 30 to 60 post-natal days. In experiment 1, schizophrenia-like behaviors (locomotor activity, social interaction, prepulse inhibition of startle and contextual fear conditioning) were assessed on post-natal day 90. Side effects commonly associated with antipsychotic treatment were also evaluated: body weight gain and catalepsy throughout the treatment, and oral dyskinesia 48 h after treatment interruption and on post-natal day 90. In experiment 2, serum levels of triglycerides and glycemia were assessed on post-natal day 61. In experiment 3, levels of BDNF, monoamines, and their metabolites were evaluated on post-natal days 61 and 90 in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Treatment with CBD prevented the emergence of SHRs' hyperlocomotor activity (a model for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia) and deficits in prepulse inhibition of startle and contextual fear conditioning (cognitive impairments). CBD did not induce any of the potential motor or metabolic side effects evaluated. Treatment with CBD increased the prefrontal cortex 5-HIAA/serotonin ratio and the levels of 5-HIAA on post-natal days 61 and 90, respectively. Our data provide pre-clinical evidence for a safe and beneficial effect of peripubertal and treatment with CBD on preventing positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and suggest the involvement of the serotoninergic system on this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Peres
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Diana
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Suiama
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Vendramini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Peres FF, Lima AC, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Silva RH, Abílio VC. Cannabidiol as a Promising Strategy to Treat and Prevent Movement Disorders? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:482. [PMID: 29867488 PMCID: PMC5958190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia are highly debilitating conditions linked to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. When available, the pharmacological therapies for these disorders are still mainly symptomatic, do not benefit all patients and induce severe side effects. Cannabidiol is a non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa that presents antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Although the studies that investigate the effects of this compound on movement disorders are surprisingly few, cannabidiol emerges as a promising compound to treat and/or prevent them. Here, we review these clinical and pre-clinical studies and draw attention to the potential of cannabidiol in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Peres
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Lima
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Regina H Silva
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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45
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Diana MC, Peres FF, Justi V, Bressan RA, Lacerda ALT, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abilio VC. Sodium nitroprusside is effective in preventing and/or reversing the development of schizophrenia-related behaviors in an animal model: The SHR strain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:624-632. [PMID: 29656549 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, the search for new treatments and prevention is crucial, and animal models are fundamental tools for this objective. Preclinical and clinical data evidence the antipsychotic profile of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. We aimed to investigate SNP in treating and/or preventing the schizophrenia-related behaviors presented by the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) strain. METHODS Wistar rats (WR) and SHRs were submitted to two schemes of treatment: (i) a single injection of SNP or vehicle in adulthood; (ii) a long-term early treatment from 30 to 60 postnatal day with SNP or vehicle. The following behaviors were evaluated 24 hours after the acute treatment or 30 days after the long-term treatment: locomotion, social interaction, and contextual fear conditioning. RESULTS Spontaneously hypertensive rats presented hyperlocomotion, decreased social interaction, and impaired contextual fear conditioning. Single injection of SNP decreased social interaction in both strains and induced a deficit in contextual fear conditioning in WR. Oppositely, early treatment with SNP prevented the behavioral abnormalities in adult SHRs without promoting any effects in WR. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data point to SNP as a preventive and safe strategy with a broad range of effectiveness to the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Diana
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Peres
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Veronica Justi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acioly L T Lacerda
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanesssa Costhek Abilio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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46
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Oliveira ÍAF, Guimarães TM, Souza RM, Dos Santos AC, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Hallak JEC, Leoni RF. Brain functional and perfusional alterations in schizophrenia: an arterial spin labeling study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 272:71-78. [PMID: 29229240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects the anatomy and function of the brain, with an impact on one's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The purpose of the study was to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain connectivity in a group of patients with schizophrenia. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) images were acquired from 28 patients in treatment and 28 age-matched healthy controls. Mean CBF and connectivity patterns were assessed. Schizophrenia patients had decreased CBF in the bilateral frontal pole and superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus, posterior division of the left supramarginal gyrus, superior and inferior divisions of the left lateral occipital cortex, and bilateral occipital pole. Moreover, through different methods to assess connectivity, our results showed abnormal connectivity patterns in regions involved in motor, sensorial, and cognitive functions. Using pCASL, a non-invasive technique, we found CBF deficits and altered functional organization of the brain in schizophrenia patients that are associated with the symptoms and characteristics of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ícaro A F Oliveira
- Inbrain Lab, Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Guimarães
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto M Souza
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Clinic, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado-de-Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Renata F Leoni
- Inbrain Lab, Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G. Dos Santos
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil; ICEERS Foundation (International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services), Spain
| | - Rafael Faria Sanches
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Lima Osório
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
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48
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Rezende TMN, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Kandratavicius L, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Abrão J, Prado DA, Bressan RA, Lacerda ALT, Zuardi AW, Baker GB, Dursun SM, Hallak JEC. Effects of sodium nitroprusside in the prevention of schizophrenia-like symptoms induced by ketamine – A translational double-blind study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Maia-de-Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Machado-de-Sousa
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio W. Zuardi
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - Glen B. Baker
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil; University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil; University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology – Translational Medicine, Brazil
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49
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Ruggiero RN, Rossignoli MT, De Ross JB, Hallak JEC, Leite JP, Bueno-Junior LS. Cannabinoids and Vanilloids in Schizophrenia: Neurophysiological Evidence and Directions for Basic Research. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:399. [PMID: 28680405 PMCID: PMC5478733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of our knowledge of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia comes from behavioral measures in rodents, like prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle and open-field locomotion, which are commonly used along with neurochemical approaches or drug challenge designs. Such methods continue to map fundamental mechanisms of sensorimotor gating, hyperlocomotion, social interaction, and underlying monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic disturbances. These strategies will require, however, a greater use of neurophysiological tools to better inform clinical research. In this sense, electrophysiology and viral vector-based circuit dissection, like optogenetics, can further elucidate how exogenous cannabinoids worsen (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) or ameliorate (e.g., cannabidiol, CBD) schizophrenia symptoms, like hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive deficits. Also, recent studies point to a complex endocannabinoid-endovanilloid interplay, including the influence of anandamide (endogenous CB1 and TRPV1 agonist) on cognitive variables, such as aversive memory extinction. In fact, growing interest has been devoted to TRPV1 receptors as promising therapeutic targets. Here, these issues are reviewed with an emphasis on the neurophysiological evidence. First, we contextualize imaging and electrographic findings in humans. Then, we present a comprehensive review on rodent electrophysiology. Finally, we discuss how basic research will benefit from further combining psychopharmacological and neurophysiological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael N Ruggiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus T Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jana B De Ross
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao P Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lezio S Bueno-Junior
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
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50
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Sampedro F, de la Fuente Revenga M, Valle M, Roberto N, Domínguez-Clavé E, Elices M, Luna LE, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, de Araujo DB, Friedlander P, Barker SA, Álvarez E, Soler J, Pascual JC, Feilding A, Riba J. Assessing the Psychedelic "After-Glow" in Ayahuasca Users: Post-Acute Neurometabolic and Functional Connectivity Changes Are Associated with Enhanced Mindfulness Capacities. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:698-711. [PMID: 28525587 PMCID: PMC5581489 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ayahuasca is a plant tea containing the psychedelic 5-HT2A agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala monoamine-oxidase inhibitors. Acute administration leads to neurophysiological modifications in brain regions of the default mode network, purportedly through a glutamatergic mechanism. Post-acutely, ayahuasca potentiates mindfulness capacities in volunteers and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients. However, the mechanisms underlying these fast and maintained effects are poorly understood. Here, we investigated in an open-label uncontrolled study in 16 healthy volunteers ayahuasca-induced post-acute neurometabolic and connectivity modifications and their association with mindfulness measures. METHODS Using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional connectivity, we compared baseline and post-acute neurometabolites and seed-to-voxel connectivity in the posterior and anterior cingulate cortex after a single ayahuasca dose. RESULTS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed post-acute reductions in glutamate+glutamine, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartylglutamate in the posterior cingulate cortex. Connectivity was increased between the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, and between the anterior cingulate cortex and limbic structures in the right medial temporal lobe. Glutamate+glutamine reductions correlated with increases in the "nonjudging" subscale of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Increased anterior cingulate cortex-medial temporal lobe connectivity correlated with increased scores on the self-compassion questionnaire. Post-acute neural changes predicted sustained elevations in nonjudging 2 months later. CONCLUSIONS These results support the involvement of glutamate neurotransmission in the effects of psychedelics in humans. They further suggest that neurometabolic changes in the posterior cingulate cortex, a key region within the default mode network, and increased connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and medial temporal lobe structures involved in emotion and memory potentially underlie the post-acute psychological effects of ayahuasca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Sampedro
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Marta Valle
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Natalia Roberto
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Elisabet Domínguez-Clavé
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Matilde Elices
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Luís Eduardo Luna
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Draulio B de Araujo
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Pablo Friedlander
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Steven A Barker
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Enrique Álvarez
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Joaquim Soler
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Juan C Pascual
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Amanda Feilding
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler)
| | - Jordi Riba
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Sampedro); Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr de la Fuente Revenga, Ms Roberto, and Dr Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Elices, Álvarez, Soler, Pascual, and Riba); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, Soler, and Pascual); Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Domínguez-Clavé and Drs Elices, Álvarez, and Pascual); Research Center for the Study of Psychointegrator Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Dr Luna); Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and National Institute for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Drs Crippa and Hallak); Brain Institute/Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, Brazil (Dr de Araujo); The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, United Kingdom (Mr Friedlander and Mrs Feilding); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Dr Barker); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Soler).,Correspondence: Jordi Riba, PhD, Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, IIB-Sant Pau.C/Sant Antoni María Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain ()
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