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Donovan LM, McDowell JA, Pannick AP, Pai J, Bais AF, Plumley R, Wai TH, Grunwald GK, Josey K, Sayre GG, Helfrich CD, Zeliadt SB, Hoerster KD, Ma J, Au DH. Protocol for a pragmatic trial testing a self-directed lifestyle program targeting weight loss among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (POWER Trial). Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 135:107378. [PMID: 37935303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity comprises the single greatest reversible risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite the potential of lifestyle-based weight loss services to improve OSA severity and symptoms, these programs have limited reach. POWER is a pragmatic trial of a remote self-directed weight loss care among patients with OSA. METHODS POWER randomizes 696 patients with obesity (BMI 30-45 kg/m2) and recent diagnosis or re-confirmation of OSA 1:1 to either a self-directed weight loss intervention or usual care. POWER tests whether such an intervention improves co-primary outcomes of weight and sleep-related quality of life at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include sleep symptoms, global ratings of change, and cardiovascular risk scores. Finally, consistent with a hybrid type 1 approach, the trial embeds an implementation process evaluation. We will use quantitative and qualitative methods including budget impact analyses and qualitative interviews to assess barriers to implementation. CONCLUSIONS The results of POWER will inform population health approaches to the delivery of weight loss care. A remote self-directed program has the potential to be disseminated widely with limited health system resources and likely low-cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Donovan
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A McDowell
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna P Pannick
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Pai
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anthony F Bais
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Plumley
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - George G Sayre
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian D Helfrich
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven B Zeliadt
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine D Hoerster
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David H Au
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Donovan LM, Parsons EC, McCall CA, He K, Sharma R, Gamache J, Pannick AP, McDowell JA, Pai J, Epler E, Duan KI, Spece LJ, Feemster LC, Kapur VK, Au DH, Palen BN. Impact of mail-based continuous positive airway pressure initiation on treatment usage and effectiveness. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:303-308. [PMID: 35347655 PMCID: PMC8960106 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In-person visits with a trained therapist have been standard care for patients initiating continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). These visits provide an opportunity for hands-on training and an in-person assessment of mask fit. However, to improve access, many health systems are shifting to remote CPAP initiation with equipment mailed to patients. While there are potential benefits of a mailed approach, relative patient outcomes are unclear. Specifically, many have concerns that a lack of in-person training may contribute to reduced CPAP adherence. To inform this knowledge gap, we aimed to compare treatment usage after in-person or mailed CPAP initiation. METHODS Our medical center shifted from in-person to mailed CPAP dispensation in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assembled a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who initiated CPAP in the months before (n = 433) and after (n = 186) this shift. We compared 90-day adherence between groups. RESULTS Mean nightly PAP usage was modest in both groups (in-person 145.2, mailed 140.6 min/night). We did not detect between-group differences in either unadjusted or adjusted analyses (adjusted difference - 0.2 min/night, 95% - 27.0 to + 26.5). CONCLUSIONS Mail-based systems of CPAP initiation may be able to improve access without reducing CPAP usage. Future work should consider the impact of mailed CPAP on patient-reported outcomes and the impact of different remote setup strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Donovan
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Parsons
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine A McCall
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ken He
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justina Gamache
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna P Pannick
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Jennifer A McDowell
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - James Pai
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Eric Epler
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Kevin I Duan
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J Spece
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura C Feemster
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David H Au
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian N Palen
- HSR&D Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Moore CM, Pai J, Palmer J. Divided attention effects in visual search are caused by objects not by space. J Vis 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 36318191 PMCID: PMC9639677 DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.12.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Divided attention effects have been observed across a variety of stimuli and perceptual tasks, which have given rise to both object-based and space-based theories of divided attention. Object-based theories assert that processing information from multiple objects is limited, whereas space-based theories assert that processing information from multiple locations is limited. Extant results in the literature are collectively inconsistent with both simple object-based theories and simple space-based theories of divided attention. Using a visual search task with the extended simultaneous-sequential method to reveal capacity limitations, we found evidence of limited-capacity processing of object properties and unlimited-capacity processing of feature contrast. We found no evidence of a separate spatial limitation. A multiple pathway processing theory can account for these and a large body of previous results. According to this theory, tasks that require object processing must follow a limited-capacity pathway and therefore incur divided attention effects. Tasks that depend on only feature contrast can follow a separate unlimited-capacity processing pathway and therefore do not incur divided attention effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen M. Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James Pai
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Palmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chen W, Baal U, Baal J, Pai J, Vasudevan H, Boreta L, Braunstein S, Raleigh D. Efficacy and Safety of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brainstem Metastases: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baker J, Qureshi Z, Durrani S, Cao S, Bo N, Pai J, Ellison M, Rawlings L, Sigua N, Manchanda S, Khan B. Assessing physician-patient communication around sleep experience, habits and behaviors through a novel Sleeplife® application-a pilot, feasibility study. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park KH, Pai J, Song DG, Sim DW, Park HJ, Lee JH, Jeong KY, Pan CH, Shin I, Park JW. Ranitidine-induced anaphylaxis: clinical features, cross-reactivity, and skin testing. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:631-9. [PMID: 26764898 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine H2 receptor antagonists are commonly prescribed medications and are known to be well tolerated. However, 99 cases of ranitidine-induced anaphylaxis occurred in Korea from 2007 to 2014. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical features, and diagnostic methods for ranitidine-induced anaphylaxis. METHODS Ranitidine-related pharmacovigilance data from 2007 to 2014 were reviewed. Adverse drug reactions with causal relationships were selected, and clinical manifestations, outcomes, and drug-related information were assessed. For further investigation, 8 years of pharmacovigilance data were collected at a single centre. Twenty-three patients participated in in vivo and in vitro studies. Skin tests, oral provocation tests, and laboratory tests were performed, including tests using other kinds of histamine H2 receptor antagonists. RESULTS Over 7 years, 584 patients suffered adverse reactions to ranitidine. The most common manifestation was cutaneous symptoms. Among them, 99 patients (17.0%) experienced anaphylaxis. In a single-centre study, skin prick tests were positive in 91.7% of ranitidine-induced anaphylaxis patients (11/12); the optimal concentration was 20 mg/mL. Detection of ranitidine-specific immunoglobulin E failed. Cimetidine and proton pump inhibitors showed no cross-reactivity with ranitidine based on the skin prick test, oral provocation test, or clinical determination. Surprisingly, 82.6% of patients reintroduced ranitidine and re-experienced the same adverse reactions because ranitidine was not considered the culprit drug. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although ranitidine is known as a safe drug, it can also cause diverse adverse reactions, including anaphylaxis. This study demonstrates the need to pay attention to adverse reactions to ranitidine and consider ranitidine as a cause of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Pai
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-G Song
- Laboratory of Biomodulation, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Korea
| | - D W Sim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Y Jeong
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C-H Pan
- Laboratory of Biomodulation, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - I Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-W Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pai J, Behr S, Anwar M. Radiographic and Biochemical Predictors of Outcome After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in HCC With Poor Liver Function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Osmundson E, Newman A, Bratman S, Klass D, Zhou L, Pai J, Longacre T, Alizadeh A, Koong A, Diehn M. Circulating Tumor DNA as a Biomarker for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pai J, Wang Z, Shaffer J, Gibbs I, Chang D, Koong A, Chang S, Harsh G, Li G, Soltys S. Brain Metastases and Resection Cavities From Colorectal Carcinoma Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery Have Poor Local Control Compared to Noncolorectal Histology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pai J, Chiu W, Shultz D, Graber M, Columbo L, Wild A, Kumar R, Herman J, Chang D, Koong A. Plasma SPARC Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Predicts for Progression-Free Survival in Locally-Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chou Y, Gau J, Liu J, Yu Y, Pai J, Hsiao L, Hong Y, Liu C, Chen P, Tzeng C. Leukocytosis in Polycythemia Vera and Splenomegaly in Essential Thrombocythemia Are Independent Risk Factors of Hemorrhage. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Kader H, Ansbacher W, Popescu C, Panadés M, Pai J, Nguyen D, Truong P. 625 poster PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PARTIAL BREAST IRRADIATION USING HIGH DOSE RATE INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY: SEVEN-YEAR OUTCOMES. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Burgess S, Thompson SG, Burgess S, Thompson SG, Andrews G, Samani NJ, Hall A, Whincup P, Morris R, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Timpson N, Ebrahim S, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Timpson N, Brown M, Ricketts S, Sandhu M, Reiner A, Psaty B, Lange L, Cushman M, Hung J, Thompson P, Beilby J, Warrington N, Palmer LJ, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Zacho J, Wu C, Lowe G, Tzoulaki I, Kumari M, Sandhu M, Yamamoto JF, Chiodini B, Franzosi M, Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Palmer L, Rimm E, Pai J, Psaty B, Heckbert S, Bis J, Anand S, Engert J, Collins R, Clarke R, Melander O, Berglund G, Ladenvall P, Johansson L, Jansson JH, Hallmans G, Hingorani A, Humphries S, Rimm E, Manson J, Pai J, Watkins H, Clarke R, Hopewell J, Saleheen D, Frossard R, Danesh J, Sattar N, Robertson M, Shepherd J, Schaefer E, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Kardys I, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Timpson N, de Faire U, Bennet A, Sattar N, Ford I, Packard C, Kumari M, Manson J, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Anand S, Collins R, Casas JP, Danesh J, Davey Smith G, Franzosi M, Hingorani A, Lawlor DA, Manson J, Nordestgaard BG, Samani NJ, Sandhu M, Smeeth L, Wensley F, Anand S, Bowden J, Burgess S, Casas JP, Di Angelantonio E, Engert J, Gao P, Shah T, Smeeth L, Thompson SG, Verzilli C, Walker M, Whittaker J, Hingorani A, Danesh J. Bayesian methods for meta-analysis of causal relationships estimated using genetic instrumental variables. Stat Med 2010; 29:1298-311. [PMID: 20209660 DOI: 10.1002/sim.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic markers can be used as instrumental variables, in an analogous way to randomization in a clinical trial, to estimate the causal relationship between a phenotype and an outcome variable. Our purpose is to extend the existing methods for such Mendelian randomization studies to the context of multiple genetic markers measured in multiple studies, based on the analysis of individual participant data. First, for a single genetic marker in one study, we show that the usual ratio of coefficients approach can be reformulated as a regression with heterogeneous error in the explanatory variable. This can be implemented using a Bayesian approach, which is next extended to include multiple genetic markers. We then propose a hierarchical model for undertaking a meta-analysis of multiple studies, in which it is not necessary that the same genetic markers are measured in each study. This provides an overall estimate of the causal relationship between the phenotype and the outcome, and an assessment of its heterogeneity across studies. As an example, we estimate the causal relationship of blood concentrations of C-reactive protein on fibrinogen levels using data from 11 studies. These methods provide a flexible framework for efficient estimation of causal relationships derived from multiple studies. Issues discussed include weak instrument bias, analysis of binary outcome data such as disease risk, missing genetic data, and the use of haplotypes.
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Danesh J, Erqou S, Walker M, Thompson SG, Tipping R, Ford C, Pressel S, Walldius G, Jungner I, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, Knuiman M, Whincup PH, Wannamethee SG, Morris RW, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Santer P, Mayr A, Wald N, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Yarnell JWG, Gallacher J, Casiglia E, Tikhonoff V, Nietert PJ, Sutherland SE, Bachman DL, Keil JE, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke-Schmidt R, Giampaoli S, Palmieri L, Panico S, Vanuzzo D, Pilotto L, Simons L, McCallum J, Friedlander Y, Fowkes FGR, Lee AJ, Smith FB, Taylor J, Guralnik J, Phillips C, Wallace R, Blazer D, Khaw KT, Jansson JH, Donfrancesco C, Salomaa V, Harald K, Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Woodward M, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Bladbjerg EM, Jorgensen T, Moller L, Jespersen J, Dankner R, Chetrit A, Lubin F, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Eriksson H, Bjorkelund C, Cremer P, Nagel D, Tilvis R, Strandberg T, Rodriguez B, Bouter LM, Heine RJ, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CDA, Rimm E, Pai J, Sato S, Iso H, Kitamura A, Noda H, Goldbourt U, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Deeg D, Poppelaars JL, Meade T, Cooper J, Hedblad B, Berglund G, Engstrom G, Döring A, Koenig W, Meisinger C, Mraz W, Kuller L, Selmer R, Tverdal A, Nystad W, Gillum R, Mussolino M, Hankinson S, Manson J, De Stavola B, Knottenbelt C, Cooper JA, Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD, Sato S, Naito Y, Holme I, Nakagawa H, Miura H, Ducimetiere P, Jouven X, Crespo C, Garcia-Palmieri M, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Evans A, Ferrieres J, Schulte H, Assmann G, Shepherd J, Packard C, Sattar N, Cantin B, Lamarche B, Després JP, Dagenais GR, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard D, Bettencourt R, Gudnason V, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson G, Thorsson B, Trevisan M, Witteman J, Kardys I, Breteler M, Hofman A, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Tavendale R, Lowe GDO, Ben-Shlomo Y, Howard BV, Zhang Y, Best L, Umans J, Onat A, Meade TW, Njolstad I, Mathiesen E, Lochen ML, Wilsgaard T, Gaziano JM, Stampfer M, Ridker P, Ulmer H, Diem G, Concin H, Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A, Brunner E, Shipley M, Buring J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Robertson M, He Y, Ibanez AM, Feskens EJM, Kromhout D, Collins R, Di Angelantonio E, Kaptoge S, Lewington S, Orfei L, Pennells L, Perry P, Ray K, Sarwar N, Scherman M, Thompson A, Watson S, Wensley F, White IR, Wood AM. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration: analysis of individual data on lipid, inflammatory and other markers in over 1.1 million participants in 104 prospective studies of cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 22:839-69. [PMID: 17876711 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-007-9165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many long-term prospective studies have reported on associations of cardiovascular diseases with circulating lipid markers and/or inflammatory markers. Studies have not, however, generally been designed to provide reliable estimates under different circumstances and to correct for within-person variability. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration has established a central database on over 1.1 million participants from 104 prospective population-based studies, in which subsets have information on lipid and inflammatory markers, other characteristics, as well as major cardiovascular morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information on repeat measurements on relevant characteristics has been collected in approximately 340,000 participants to enable estimation of and correction for within-person variability. Re-analysis of individual data will yield up to approximately 69,000 incident fatal or nonfatal first ever major cardiovascular outcomes recorded during about 11.7 million person years at risk. The primary analyses will involve age-specific regression models in people without known baseline cardiovascular disease in relation to fatal or nonfatal first ever coronary heart disease outcomes. This initiative will characterize more precisely and in greater detail than has previously been possible the shape and strength of the age- and sex-specific associations of several lipid and inflammatory markers with incident coronary heart disease outcomes (and, secondarily, with other incident cardiovascular outcomes) under a wide range of circumstances. It will, therefore, help to determine to what extent such associations are independent from possible confounding factors and to what extent such markers (separately and in combination) provide incremental predictive value.
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Allen RT, Pai J, Bovard K, Hunter WJ, Agrawal DK. Immunogold staining for Bcl-xL and morphological analysis of rat and human vascular smooth muscle cells undergoing apoptosis induced by c-myc or staurosporine. Scanning 1998; 20:207-208. [PMID: 9604385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission/methods
- Microscopy, Video/methods
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Rats
- Staurosporine/pharmacology
- bcl-X Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Allen
- Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae, a respiratory pathogen, has been associated with occlusive vascular disease, including atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia, through seroepidemiologic studies. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in situ hybridization, this association has been reconfirmed by detecting this organism in atherosclerotic vascular tissue. This review summarizes and critically analyzes these findings and also discusses various mechanisms of how Chlamydia pneumoniae could be involved in the pathogenesis of occlusive vascular disease. Although more studies are needed to reproduce these results and, possibly, uncover a mechanism, the current literature fails to include detailed methodologies for studying Chlamydia pneumoniae. Therefore, to provide a general standard, we have also outlined specific protocols for IHC, PCR, and TEM. These protocols incorporate essential components from various studies and are presented in a concise and easily adaptable format.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
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Passfall J, Pai J, Spies KP, Haller H, Luft FC. Effect of water and bicarbonate loading in patients with chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 1997; 47:92-8. [PMID: 9049456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that alkalinization and increased intake of free water both serve to decrease the rate of progression in chronic renal failure. However, clinicians have been reluctant to apply either strategy because of concerns regarding volume overload and water intoxication. We tested the effects of 2 1 daily water supplementation, with either an electrolyte-poor or a HCO3-rich (47.5 mmol/1) water in 11 patients with chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance 10 +/- 5 ml/min). The patients were brought into balance on a diet containing 80 mmol/24 h Na+, 80 mmol/24 h Cl- and 70 mmol/24 h K+. After a 3-day equilibration period, the patients were randomized to one or the other regimen for 7 days. After a 3-day washout period, the alternate regimen was given for another 7 days. Neither regimen led to weight gain or hyponatremia. The supplemental 95 mmol/24 h HCO3- lowered the serum Cl- concentration and raised the serum HCO3- concentration, as well as the pH value, to normal. Creatinine clearance and protein excretion were not affected. Serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations decreased with the NaHCO3-containing water. Na+/H(+)-antiporter activity was not consistently influenced since an order effect of the regimens was apparent. We conclude that 2 1/24 h water and NaHCO3 supplementation is well tolerated, causes no deleterious effects, and may evoke improvement in patients with chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Passfall
- Franz Volhard Clinic, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The phospholipase D-inhibitory activity of a methanol extract from the leaves of a New Zealand plant, Myrsine australis, has been attributed to two new saponins 1 and 2. Compound 1 was assigned as 3-0-[-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-0-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)- -[0-beta-D -glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinosyl]-16alpha-hydroxy-+ ++13beta,28-epoxyoleanane and 2 as 3beta-0-[-beta-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-0-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[ 0-beta-D-glucopranosyl]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-16alpha -hydroxy-13beta, 28-epoxyleanane. Compounds 1 and 2 showed IC50 values of 3 and 2 microM, respectively, versus phorbol 12-myrisate-13-acetate-stimulated phosphlipase D in human promyelocytic leukemic (HL-60) cells. Compounds 1 and 2 also inhibited fMLP (formyl-Met-Leu-Phe) stimulated phospholipase D with IC50 values of 8 and 24 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Hegde
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
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