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Jackson L, Weedon MN, Green HD, Mallabar-Rimmer B, Harrison JW, Wood AR, Ruth KS, Tyrrell J, Wright CF. Influence of family history on penetrance of hereditary cancers in a population setting. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102159. [PMID: 37936660 PMCID: PMC10626157 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to investigate how penetrance of familial cancer syndromes varies with family history using a population-based cohort. Methods We analysed 454,712 UK Biobank participants with exome sequence and clinical data (data collected between March 2006 and June 2021). We identified participants with a self-reported family history of breast or colorectal cancer and a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in the major genes responsible for hereditary breast cancer or Lynch syndrome. We calculated survival to cancer diagnosis (controlled for sex, death, recruitment centre, screening and prophylactic surgery). Findings Women with a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 variant had an increased risk of breast cancer that was higher in those with a first-degree family history (relative hazard 10.3 and 7.8, respectively) than those without (7.2 and 4.7). Penetrance to age 60 was also higher in those with a family history (44.7%, CI 32.2-59.3 and 24.1%, CI 17.5-32.6) versus those without (22.8%, CI 15.9-32.0 and 17.9%, CI 13.8-23.0). A similar pattern was seen in Lynch syndrome: individuals with a pathogenic MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6 variant had an increased risk of colorectal cancer that was significantly higher in those with a family history (relative hazard 35.6, 48.0 and 9.9) than those without (13.0, 15.4 and 7.2). Penetrance to age 60 was also higher for carriers of a pathogenic MLH1 or MSH2 variant in those with a family history (30.9%, CI 18.1-49.3 and 38.3%, CI 21.5-61.8) versus those without (20.5% CI 9.6-40.5 and 8.3% CI 2.1-30.4), but not for MSH6 (6.5% CI 2.7-15.1 with family history versus 8.3%, CI 5.1-13.2). Relative risk increases were also observed both within and across conditions. Interpretation Individuals with pathogenic cancer syndrome variants may be at a less elevated risk of cancer in the absence of a first-degree family history, so in the context of results return, family history should be considered when counselling patients on the risks and benefits of potential follow-up care. Funding The current work is supported by the MRC (grant no MR/T00200X/1). The MRC had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Jackson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Harry D. Green
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Bethan Mallabar-Rimmer
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jamie W. Harrison
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andy R. Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kate S. Ruth
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jess Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Caroline F. Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
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Fasham J, Leslie JS, Harrison JW, Deline J, Williams KB, Kuhl A, Scott Schwoerer J, Cross HE, Crosby AH, Baple EL. No association between SCN9A and monogenic human epilepsy disorders. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009161. [PMID: 33216760 PMCID: PMC7717534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the clinical utility and importance of epilepsy gene panel testing to confirm the specific aetiology of disease, enable appropriate therapeutic interventions, and inform accurate family counselling. Previously, SCN9A gene variants, in particular a c.1921A>T p.(Asn641Tyr) substitution, have been identified as a likely autosomal dominant cause of febrile seizures/febrile seizures plus and other monogenic seizure phenotypes indistinguishable from those associated with SCN1A, leading to inclusion of SCN9A on epilepsy gene testing panels. Here we present serendipitous findings of genetic studies that identify the SCN9A c.1921A>T p.(Asn641Tyr) variant at high frequency in the Amish community in the absence of such seizure phenotypes. Together with findings in UK Biobank these data refute an association of SCN9A with epilepsy, which has important clinical diagnostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fasham
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Gladstone Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph S. Leslie
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie W. Harrison
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter, Department of Biosciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - James Deline
- Center for Special Children, La Farge Medical Clinic-VMH, La Farge, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Katie B. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ashley Kuhl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica Scott Schwoerer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Harold E. Cross
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Crosby
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Baple
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Gladstone Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Jones SE, van Hees VT, Mazzotti DR, Marques-Vidal P, Sabia S, van der Spek A, Dashti HS, Engmann J, Kocevska D, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Hillsdon M, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Sharp SA, Ji Y, Harrison JW, Freathy RM, Murray A, Luik AI, Amin N, Lane JM, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Tiemeier H, Kutalik Z, Kumari M, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Gehrman PR, Wood AR. Genetic studies of accelerometer-based sleep measures yield new insights into human sleep behaviour. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1585. [PMID: 30952852 PMCID: PMC6451011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential human function but its regulation is poorly understood. Using accelerometer data from 85,670 UK Biobank participants, we perform a genome-wide association study of 8 derived sleep traits representing sleep quality, quantity and timing, and validate our findings in 5,819 individuals. We identify 47 genetic associations at P < 5 × 10-8, of which 20 reach a stricter threshold of P < 8 × 10-10. These include 26 novel associations with measures of sleep quality and 10 with nocturnal sleep duration. The majority of identified variants associate with a single sleep trait, except for variants previously associated with restless legs syndrome. For sleep duration we identify a missense variant (p.Tyr727Cys) in PDE11A as the likely causal variant. As a group, sleep quality loci are enriched for serotonin processing genes. Although accelerometer-derived measures of sleep are imperfect and may be affected by restless legs syndrome, these findings provide new biological insights into sleep compared to previous efforts based on self-report sleep measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- INSERM, U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Ashley van der Spek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Research department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jamie W Harrison
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, 193 Hathersage Road, Manchester, M13 0JE, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Meena Kumari
- ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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Jones SE, Lane JM, Wood AR, van Hees VT, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Jeffries AR, Dashti HS, Hillsdon M, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Sharp SA, Jie Y, Thompson WD, Harrison JW, Dawes A, Byrne EM, Tiemeier H, Allebrandt KV, Bowden J, Ray DW, Freathy RM, Murray A, Mazzotti DR, Gehrman PR, Lawlor DA, Frayling TM, Rutter MK, Hinds DA, Saxena R, Weedon MN. Genome-wide association analyses of chronotype in 697,828 individuals provides insights into circadian rhythms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 30696823 PMCID: PMC6351539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a morning person is a behavioural indicator of a person’s underlying circadian rhythm. Using genome-wide data from 697,828 UK Biobank and 23andMe participants we increase the number of genetic loci associated with being a morning person from 24 to 351. Using data from 85,760 individuals with activity-monitor derived measures of sleep timing we find that the chronotype loci associate with sleep timing: the mean sleep timing of the 5% of individuals carrying the most morningness alleles is 25 min earlier than the 5% carrying the fewest. The loci are enriched for genes involved in circadian regulation, cAMP, glutamate and insulin signalling pathways, and those expressed in the retina, hindbrain, hypothalamus, and pituitary. Using Mendelian Randomisation, we show that being a morning person is causally associated with better mental health but does not affect BMI or risk of Type 2 diabetes. This study offers insights into circadian biology and its links to disease in humans. GWAS have previously found 24 genomic loci associated with chronotype, an individual’s preference for early or late sleep timing. Here, the authors identify 327 additional loci in a sample of 697,828 individuals and further explore the relationships of chronotype with metabolic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Aaron R Jeffries
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingjie Jie
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - William D Thompson
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jamie W Harrison
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Amy Dawes
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Enda M Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, GE, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, GD, Netherlands
| | - Karla V Allebrandt
- Department of Translational Informatics, Translational Medicine Early Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, 65926, Germany
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 0JE, UK
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe Inc., 899W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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Bovijn J, Jackson L, Censin J, Chen CY, Laisk T, Laber S, Ferreira T, Pulit SL, Glastonbury CA, Smoller JW, Harrison JW, Ruth KS, Beaumont RN, Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Weedon MN, Mägi R, Neale B, Lindgren CM, Murray A, Holmes MV. GWAS Identifies Risk Locus for Erectile Dysfunction and Implicates Hypothalamic Neurobiology and Diabetes in Etiology. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:157-163. [PMID: 30583798 PMCID: PMC6323625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting more than 20% of men over 60 years, yet little is known about its genetic architecture. We performed a genome-wide association study of ED in 6,175 case subjects among 223,805 European men and identified one locus at 6q16.3 (lead variant rs57989773, OR 1.20 per C-allele; p = 5.71 × 10−14), located between MCHR2 and SIM1. In silico analysis suggests SIM1 to confer ED risk through hypothalamic dysregulation. Mendelian randomization provides evidence that genetic risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a cause of ED (OR 1.11 per 1-log unit higher risk of type 2 diabetes). These findings provide insights into the biological underpinnings and the causes of ED and may help prioritize the development of future therapies for this common disorder.
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Abstract
Excisional wounds were made in the maxillas and mandibles of rhesus monkeys, and the osseous wound-healing responses at postsurgical intervals ranging from 1 to 28 days were evaluated by light microscopy. The excisional defects were initially filled with a coagulum which was subsequently replaced by granulation tissue emanating from the endosteal tissues. Cortical and trabecular bone forming the wound edges was devitalized, as evidenced by an absence of osteocytes in the peripheral lacunae. At 14 days postsurgery, woven bone trabeculae occupied most of the defect, with the more superficial trabeculae in direct contact with a thick band of dense fibrous connective tissue separating the osseous defect from overlying mucosal tissues. Within the defect, new bone was deposited on devitalized bone without evidence of preceding osteoclastic activity. At 28 days, the woven bone trabeculae were more mature and a functioning periosteum was now active in repair of the cortical plate.
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Harrison JW. The use of divergent beam interferometry in the measurement of small displacements: an application to the measurement of the thermal expansion of copper up to 1200K. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/9/7/009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Harrison JW, Svec TA. The hopeless tooth: when is treatment futile? Quintessence Int 1999; 30:846-50. [PMID: 10765862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The decision to place a tooth in the hopeless category is by no means a simple one. There is always the possibility of being wrong, the possibility that this tooth may prove to be the exception and, against all odds, survive as a functioning component of the masticatory apparatus. These are the decisions that make us dentists rather than technicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harrison
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, USA
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Harrison JW, Svec TA. The beginning of the end of the antibiotic era? Part II. Proposed solutions to antibiotic abuse. Quintessence Int 1998; 29:223-9. [PMID: 9643260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacteria causing diseases that are now becoming serious public health threats are neither strange nor exotic, but rather shockingly familiar. Tuberculosis, typhoid fever, meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemias are emerging global threats. The infectious agents causing these serious threats are the same bacteria identified many decades ago. The only difference is that these and other microorganisms are no longer killed by the "miracle drugs" that have kept them at bay for the past six decades. Antibiotic resistance has made potential killers out of bacteria that previously posed little threat to mankind. The indiscriminate and reckless use of antibiotics has led to a fast-approaching crisis in which human dominance of the planet is threatened by single, elementary cells of the microbial world. Part I of this article detailed the causes of the crisis. Part II addresses the solutions that are recommended by national and international authorities and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harrison
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System, Dallas 75246-2013, USA
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Harrison JW, Svec TA. The beginning of the end of the antibiotic era? Part I. The problem: abuse of the "miracle drugs". Quintessence Int 1998; 29:151-62. [PMID: 9643250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic era began in the early 1940s with the clinical use of penicillin. Subsequent discovery, development, and clinical use of other antibiotics resulted in effective therapy against major bacterial pathogens. These drugs were so effective that bacterial infectious diseases were considered by many experts to be under complete therapeutic control. However, the scientific community grossly underestimated the remarkable genetic plasticity of these organisms and their ability, through mutations and genetic transfer, to develop resistance to antibiotics. Infectious diseases are now the world's major cause of death. The cause of bacterial reemergence as a threat to human health and life is the abuse of the "miracle drugs." The ubiquitous nature of antibiotics in the human ecosystem foments bacterial resistance and threatens to eliminate antibiotics as effective drugs for human therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harrison
- Texas A&M University System, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas 75246-2013, USA
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Abstract
Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) has been advocated as a root-end filling material based primarily on reports of clinical success and various leakage studies. The objectives of this study were to determine the excisional wound healing responses of the periradicular tissues to IRM root-end filling material and to compare this with the wound healing responses to amalgam and orthograde gutta-percha root-end filling materials. Mandibular premolars in dogs were obturated, root-ends resected, and the healing responses associated with root-end fillings of IRM, amalgam, and orthograde gutta-percha were evaluated microscopically and radiographically at postsurgical intervals of 10 and 45 days. The excisional wound healing responses associated with IRM root-end fillings were normal at both postsurgical intervals. There was no evidence of inhibition of dentoalveolar or osseous wound healing associated with IRM, amalgam, or orthograde gutta-percha. Statistical analysis showed no difference in wound healing between the 3 root-end filling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harrison
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246-2013, USA
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12
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Crump TB, Rivera-Hidalgo F, Harrison JW, Williams FE, Guo IY. Influence of three membrane types on healing of bone defects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996; 82:365-74. [PMID: 8899772 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(96)80299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine and compare osseous regeneration associated with three guided tissue regeneration membrane types (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, dense polytetrafluoroethylene, and an absorbable polylactic acid/citric acid ester base) and removal forces required for expanded and dense polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. STUDY DESIGN Bilateral osseous defects were created in 30 adult rat calvaria; one defect was covered with a test membrane and the other received no membrane (control). After 2 or 4 weeks, forces required for membrane removal from the tissues were electronically determined, and the calvaria removed and decalcified. Sections through the defects were stained and evaluated electronically and microscopically. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Microscopic evaluation with Mann-Whitney U test revealed that dense polytetrafluoroethylene was associated with significantly greater bone formation than expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (p = 0.02) at 2 weeks and absorbable polylactic acid/citric acid ester base (p = 0.004) at 4 weeks. Electronic evaluation of the linear degree of fill with one way ANOVA and Tukey's test found no significant difference (p > 0.05) among the experimental or the control groups. In addition, the Mann-Whitney U test indicated that removal forces required for dense polytetrafluoroethylene were significantly less than for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The use of dense polytetrafluoroethylene as a membrane barrier deserves further investigation as it allows osseous regeneration, it is easier to remove from healing soft tissues, and it is inexpensive. A study with larger sample sizes should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Crump
- Department of Periodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex., USA
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13
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Harrison JW, Roda RS. Intermediate cementum. Development, structure, composition, and potential functions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995; 79:624-33. [PMID: 7600228 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the roots and root analogs of mammalian teeth a narrow zone of highly calcified tissue occupies the junction between cementum and dentin. This zone is referred to as "intermediate cementum," despite evidence that it is not a product of cementogenesis (or of dentinogenesis). Studies conducted on teeth of human and nonhuman primates indicate that the intermediate cementum layer contains enamel matrix proteins and is likely a product of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. The available evidence regarding the development (origin), structure, and composition of intermediate cementum is reviewed, and the potential functions of this layer are assessed to include a possible role in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harrison
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Dallas, Tex., USA
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14
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of demineralization of resected root ends on the temporal and qualitative healing of the dentoalveolar (apical attachment apparatus) and alveolar (osseous) tissues in the excisional wound site created during periradicular surgery. Root end resections to orthograde gutta-percha obturations were performed on the mandibular premolars of six mongrel dogs. Twenty-four experimental root ends were demineralized by citric acid burnishing of the resected surfaces. The remaining 24 standard treatment root ends were not demineralized. Microscopic evaluations at postsurgical intervals from 4 to 45 days revealed that the demineralized root ends were associated with more rapid and complete healing than the nondemineralized root ends. It is proposed that demineralization enhances cementogenesis, the key to dentoalveolar healing, by removing the smear layer barrier and exposing the organic component (collagen fibrils) of resected cementum and dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Craig
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
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15
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Peters LB, Harrison JW. A comparison of leakage of filling materials in demineralized and non-demineralized resected root ends under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions. Int Endod J 1992; 25:273-8. [PMID: 1306858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.1992.tb00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to compare the marginal apical leakage of root-end filling materials under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions, and to assess the effect of demineralization by application of citric acid to the root ends on the apical marginal leakage of root end filling materials. The root canals of 148 extracted human canines and premolars were handfiled and sealed with gutta-percha and Roth's 801 sealer using cold lateral condensation. The teeth were divided into 8 groups that received retrofilling materials. The materials tested were amalgam, IRM and gutta-percha/sealer with and without successive application of citric acid. Half of the specimens were placed under vacuum conditions in methylene blue dye, and the other half were placed in the dye for the same time period without exhausting air from the flask. The teeth were split longitudinally and the extent of dye penetration was determined with a stereomicroscope and eyepiece micrometer. The most evident difference in dye penetration was found between the positive control groups. Under vacuum conditions, the positive controls showed complete penetration of the unobturated canal system with dye. With passive immersion only partial penetration of the unobturated canal system occurred. Application of citric acid to the root end did not adversely affect the seal of amalgam, IRM or gutta-percha/sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Peters
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Prosthetic rehabilitation of an edentulous adult with a complete residual cleft of his palates is presented. Lack of retention of his prosthesis made speech and eating difficult. Four osseointegrated dental implants were used to join the right and left maxillae and to provide mechanical retention for a complete overdenture obturator to improve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Harrison
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, PA
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17
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Harrison JW. Surgical management of endodontically treated teeth. Curr Opin Dent 1992; 2:115-21. [PMID: 1520920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Surgical endodontics has become an important treatment modality in modern dentistry. The evolution and development of this modality has suffered from decades of empiricism, as techniques, concepts, and root-end filling materials were advocated without supporting scientific evidence. The techniques and concepts of periodontal surgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery were long assumed to directly apply to endodontic surgery. Evidence now suggests that certain procedures adopted from other specialties are not indicated for surgical endodontics and, in fact, may be counterproductive. During the past year, the most important developments have emerged in the area of surgical wound healing as it relates to soft tissue management procedures. New techniques and concepts that enhance rapid wound healing and decrease untoward postsurgical sequelae have been proposed.
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18
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Abstract
Wound healing responses of the tissues of the periodontium following periradicular surgery in rhesus monkeys were evaluated by light microscopy. Part II of this investigation reports the responses of mucoperiosteal and osseous tissues to blunt dissectional wounding resulting from the reflection of triangular or submarginal rectangular flaps. Healing of the dissectional wound is rapid, although slower than the incisional wound. Granulation tissues replaces the fibrin clot in the wound site as early as 4 days after surgery, and is replaced by fibrous connective tissue by 14 days. Minimal differences were found in the temporal and qualitative dissectional wound-healing responses to the two types of flap designs. The periosteum does not survive the flap reflection procedure. The cells of the cambium layer are destroyed and the collagen of the fibrous layer undergoes depolymerization. It is postulated that the depolymerized periosteal collagen plays a role in rapid reattachment of flapped tissues to cortical bone.
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19
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Abstract
Periradicular surgical procedures were performed on rhesus monkeys and the wound healing responses of the tissues of the periodontium were evaluated by light microscopy. This article, Part I of the investigation, reports the mucoperiosteal tissue wound healing responses to incisional wounds of the triangular and submarginal rectangular flap designs. Little difference was found in the temporal and qualitative healing responses to incisional wounds of the two flap designs. However, the submarginal rectangular design showed less predictable results, with a greater intersample variation of wound healing responses in the earlier postsurgical evaluation periods. Vital connective tissue and epithelium, although not visible clinically, remain attached to the root surfaces following reflection of flaps which include an intrasulcular incision. Preservation of these root-attached tissues prevented apical epithelial down-growth along the root surfaces and loss of soft tissue attachment levels. Vitality of root-attached tissues was preserved by preventing dehydration, avoiding curettement of root surfaces, and using a flap reflection technique which eliminates reflective forces in the intrasulcular incisional wound site.
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20
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Abstract
This report provides a review of the major biological events that occur in the oral mucoperiosteal tissues following simple surgical wounding. The chronological sequence and interrelationships of mucoperiosteal tissue wound healing responses are described. The objectives of this review are to provide clarification of wound healing terminology and a basic reference source for further investigative research into the wound healing responses to endodontic surgery.
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21
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Abstract
Information regarding the presence of the free radical scavenging (inactivating, dismutating) enzyme superoxide dismutase in human dental pulp was sought. Free radicals, such as the superoxide anion radical (O2-) and the hydroxyl anion radical (OH.), are powerful biological oxidants produced by phagocytes during the normal tissue response to injury and infection. Also produced is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an aggressive oxygen species formed by the reaction of superoxide with itself, i.e., a dismutation in which one molecule of O2- is oxidized by the other. These three reactive oxygen intermediates serve as part of the normal host biological defense mechanism for the inactivation of microorganisms and the breakdown of their toxic products. Both normal and inflamed dental pulps were assayed for the presence of this enzyme. Superoxide dismutase activity was identified in the normal pulpal tissues. There was a slight decrease in activity with age. In the inflamed pulpal tissues, enzyme activity was markedly and significantly increased in comparison to that in the normal tissues. These observations indicate that human dental pulp possesses an endogenous defense mechanism designed to protect the tissue components (cells and matrix) from the toxic effects of the reactive oxygen intermediates. In this regard, the inflammatory response of this specialized and somewhat isolated (compartmentalized) tissue is not unlike that seen in other connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Davis
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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22
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Jacoby BH, Davis WL, Craig KR, Wagner G, Farmer GR, Harrison JW. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of human dental pulp: identification of Weibel-Palade bodies and von Willebrand factor in pulp endothelial cells. J Endod 1991; 17:150-5. [PMID: 1940733 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)82007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Special and specific immunohistochemical techniques as well as routine transmission electron microscopy were used to identify the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a blood clotting factor essential to normal hemostasis, and Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB's), respectively, in the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels from both normal and inflamed human pulpal tissues. In human endothelial cells, WPB's are peculiar and specialized organelles which store vWF. All classes of blood vessels (capillaries, arterioles, arteries, venules, and veins) were vWF positive. The fine structural studies showed similar results with regard to the presence of WPB's. Interestingly, morphometric analyses conducted on the same tissues using either light or transmission electron microscopy showed that significantly more vWF-positive blood vessels were seen in the inflamed tissues. In agreement with the latter observation, transmission electron microscopy showed that more vascular endothelial cells contained WPB's in the inflamed tissues when compared with the normal tissues. From this it appears that during pulpal inflammation, the cascade of events associated with hemostasis may be activated with the increased synthesis and release of vWF by endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Jacoby
- Department of Periodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
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23
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Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of two different compositions of sodium hypochlorite were compared in a tube dilution study. Absorbent paper points were contaminated with Streptococcus faecalis or Candida albicans and exposed to 5.25% or 2.62% concentrations of "regular" or "fresh scent" sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) for periods ranging from 15 to 120 s. The points were then removed from the sodium hypochlorite solution, placed into a growth medium, incubated, and the presence or absence of growth recorded. Results showed that formulary changes involved in the manufacture of the "fresh scent" sodium hypochlorite had no apparent effect on its antimicrobial properties, as both compositions proved equally effective against the test organisms at each concentration evaluated.
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24
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25
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26
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Abstract
A 64-year-old male with a 40-year history of dermatologic disorders is presented. The patient carries diagnoses of neurodermatitis and suspected myosis fungoides on which has been superimposed a factitial dermatitis requiring increasingly extended hospitalizations. Given a very disturbed home life and personality style, the patient showed no incentive for change, and his family and caregivers became increasingly frustrated and distraught. An operant behavioral approach proved helpful to staff in standardizing care and setting realistic expectations. This led to a reversal of a downward course and to a coordinated discharge.
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27
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28
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Rakusin H, Harrison JW. Periradicular surgery following bilateral total hip replacement. J Endod 1985; 11:305-7. [PMID: 2931496 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(85)80162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Owen PM, Harrison JW. Brief psychotherapy after survival from cardiac arrest. Heart Lung 1985; 14:18-20. [PMID: 3843999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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32
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Harrison JW. Irrigation of the root canal system. Dent Clin North Am 1984; 28:797-808. [PMID: 6389200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Debridement of the root canal system is essential for predictably successful endodontic therapy. The use of an endodontic irrigant during canal preparation is necessary to adequately debride the canal system. A review of the scientific evidence related to the desirable properties of an endodontic irrigant indicates that a solution of 5.25 per cent sodium hypochlorite is currently the irrigant of choice. This chemical agent exhibits powerful antimicrobial activity, is an excellent necrotic tissue solvent, and is the most efficient irrigant in removing organic debris from the root canal system.
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33
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Harrison JW, Baumgartner JC, Svec TA. Incidence of pain associated with clinical factors during and after root canal therapy. Part 2. Postobturation pain. J Endod 1983; 9:434-8. [PMID: 6579169 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(83)80259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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34
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Harrison JW, Gaumgartner JC, Svec TA. Incidence of pain associated with clinical factors during and after root canal therapy. Part 1. Interappointment pain. J Endod 1983; 9:384-7. [PMID: 6579198 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(83)80190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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36
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Harrison JW, Baumgartner CJ, Zielke DR. Analysis of interappointment pain associated with the combined use of endodontic irrigants and medicaments. J Endod 1981; 7:272-6. [PMID: 6942083 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(81)80006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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38
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Harrison JW, Montavon P. [Extracapsular technic for stabilization of anterior tibial motility (Harrison)]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1981; 123:1-11. [PMID: 7221533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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39
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Abstract
Root canal systems of extracted anterior teeth were obturated with sealer and either multiple gutta-percha cones or single silver cones. The effect of root resection on the sealing property of these obturating materials was evaluated by autoradiographic methods. Results indicate that root resection with a rotary instrument in a high-speed handpiece does not adversely affect the sealing property of well-condensed gutta-percha-sealer obturations.
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40
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42
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Zielke DR, Heggers JP, Harrison JW. An analysis of the sensitivity of non-rereduced PRS medium in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979; 47:83-6. [PMID: 282569 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(79)90107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A total of 244 paired samples were obtained from sixty-one root canal systems at four specific stages of endodontic treatment. Half the samples were placed in a commonly used endodontic medium and incubated aerobically. The remaining samples were placed in PRS medium and incubated in an anaerobic environment. The rereduction procedure, used to remove oxygen entering the PRS medium at the time of insertion of the sample, was not employed. A statistical analysis of the results indicates that the non-rereduced PRS medium is not as sensitive as rereduced PRS and offers no significant advantages over trypticase soy broth with 0.1 percent agar.
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43
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44
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45
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46
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Svec TA, Harrison JW. Chemomechanical removal of pulpal and dentinal debris with sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide vs normal saline solution. J Endod 1977; 3:49-53. [PMID: 264933 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(77)80015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Zielke DR, Heggers JP, Harrison JW. A statistical analysis of anaerobic versus aerobic culturing in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976; 42:830-7. [PMID: 1069225 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(76)90107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic teeth were cultured at four specific stages of endodontic therapy, yielding 148 paired samples. Half of the samples were incubated anaerobically with the use of a new medium, and half were incubated aerobically with the use of a commonly employed endodontic medium. The former proved to be significantly more sensitive in supporting microbial growth from root canals. The results indicate that an aerobic culturing technique alone is not sufficient to reflect the microbiologic status of the canal system.
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Abstract
Sinus tracts that extended from periapical lesions to the alveolar mucosa were surgically removed and examined microscopically. The results indicate that sinus tracts may be lined with stratified squamous epithelium. More commonly, however, these tracts are lined with granulation tissue.
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49
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Harrison JW, McLain DL, Hohn RB, Wilson GP, Chalman JA, MacGowan KN. Osteosarcoma associated with metallic implants. Report of two cases in dogs. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976:253-7. [PMID: 1064496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of two dogs in which osteosarcomas arose in association with metallic orthopedic implants. One neoplasm occurred in the distal humerus of a 12-year-old Doberman Pinscher. A stainless steel intramedullary pin had been implanted in the bone 11 years previously. Upon removal, corrosion of the pin was noted. The second neoplasm arose in the proximal tibia of a 12-year-old Irish Wolfhound. Six years previously, a fracture of the tibia had been repaired with a plate and screws made of the same type stainless steel, type 316L, by the same manufacturer. No corrosion appeared to have occured. Infection had not occured in either animal.
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