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Schwitalla JW, Le NTH, Um S, Schalk F, Brönstrup M, Baunach M, Beemelmanns C. Heterologous expression of the cryptic mdk gene cluster and structural revision of maduralactomycin A. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34136-34144. [PMID: 38019997 PMCID: PMC10663993 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After conducting an in silico analysis of the cryptic mdk cluster region and performing transcriptomic studies, an integrative Streptomyces BAC Vector containing the mdk gene sequence was constructed. The heterologous expression of the mdk cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074 resulted in the production of the angucyclic product, seongomycin, which allowed for the assesment of its antibacterial, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities. Heterologous production was further confirmed by targeted knock-out experiments involving key regulators of the biosynthetic pathways. We were further able to revise the core structure of maduralactomycin A, using a computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Schwitalla
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Ngoc-Thao-Hien Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Soohyun Um
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Felix Schalk
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 D-38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Baunach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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2
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Lee SR, Schalk F, Schwitalla JW, Guo H, Yu JS, Song M, Jung WH, de Beer ZW, Beemelmanns C, Kim KH. GNPS‐Guided Discovery of Madurastatin Siderophores from the Termite‐Associated
Actinomadura
sp. RB99**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200612. [PMID: 35404539 PMCID: PMC9325478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed if Actinomadura sp. RB99 produces siderophores that that could be responsible for the antimicrobial activity observed in co‐cultivation studies. Dereplication of high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) and global natural product social molecular networking platform (GNPS) analysis of fungus‐bacterium co‐cultures resulted in the identification of five madurastatin derivatives (A1, A2, E1, F, and G1), of which were four new derivatives. Chemical structures were unambiguously confirmed by HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as MS/MS data and their absolute structures were elucidated based on Marfey's analysis, DP4+ probability calculation and total synthesis. Structure analysis revealed that madurastatin E1 (2) contained a rare 4‐imidazolidinone cyclic moiety and madurastatin A1 (5) was characterized as a Ga3+‐complex. The function of madurastatins as siderophores was evaluated using the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans as model organism. Based on homology models, we identified the putative NRPS‐based gene cluster region of the siderophores in Actinomadura sp. RB99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University New Jersey 08544 USA
| | - Felix Schalk
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jan W. Schwitalla
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyong Song
- Department of Systems Biotechnology Chung-Ang University Anseong 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology Chung-Ang University Anseong 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) University of Pretoria Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Biochemistry of Microbial Metabolism Institute of Biochemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 21–23 Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
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Sinotte VM, Conlon BH, Seibel E, Schwitalla JW, de Beer ZW, Poulsen M, Bos N. Female-biased sex allocation and lack of inbreeding avoidance in Cubitermes termites. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5598-5605. [PMID: 34026032 PMCID: PMC8131773 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually reproducing organisms face a strong selective pressure to find a mate and ensure reproduction. An important criterion during mate-selection is to avoid closely related individuals and subsequent potential fitness costs of resulting inbred offspring. Inbreeding avoidance can be active through kin recognition during mate choice, or passive through differential male and female-biased sex ratios, which effectively prevents sib-mating. In addition, sex allocation, or the resources allotted to male and female offspring, can impact mating and reproductive success. Here, we investigate mate choice, sex ratios, and sex allocation in dispersing reproductives (alates) from colonies of the termite Cubitermes tenuiceps. Termites have a short time to select a mate for life, which should intensify any fitness consequences of inbreeding. However, alates did not actively avoid inbreeding through mate choice via kin recognition based on genetic or environmental cues. Furthermore, the majority of colonies exhibited a female-biased sex ratio, and none exhibited a male-bias, indicating that differential bias does not reduce inbreeding. Sex allocation was generally female-biased, as females also were heavier, but the potential fitness effect of this costly strategy remains unclear. The bacterium Wolbachia, known in other insects to parasitically distort sex allocation toward females, was present within all alates. While Wolbachia is commonly associated with termites, parasitism has yet to be demonstrated, warranting further study of the nature of the symbiosis. Both the apparent lack of inbreeding avoidance and potential maladaptive sex allocation implies possible negative effects on mating and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M. Sinotte
- Department of BiologySection for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen EastDenmark
| | - Benjamin H. Conlon
- Department of BiologySection for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen EastDenmark
| | - Elena Seibel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
| | - Jan W. Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyForestry and Agriculture Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Department of BiologySection for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen EastDenmark
| | - Nick Bos
- Department of BiologySection for Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen EastDenmark
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Schwitalla JW, Benndorf R, Martin K, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, de Beer ZW, Poulsen M, Beemelmanns C. Streptomyces smaragdinus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the fungus growing-termite Macrotermes natalensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5806-5811. [PMID: 32969785 PMCID: PMC7723250 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic position of a novel aerobic, Gram-positive actinobacteria, designated strain RB5T, was determined using a polyphasic approach. The strain, isolated from the gut of the fungus-farming termite Macrotermes natalensis, showed morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of the genus Streptomyces. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbour of RB5T was Streptomyces polyrhachis DSM 42102T (98.87 %). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strain RB5T and S. polyrhachis DSM 42102T resulted in a value of 27.4 % (26.8 %). The cell wall of strain RB5T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. Mycolic acids and diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates were not detected. The strain produced the following major phospholipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside and phosphatidylserine. The menaquinone profile showed hexa- and octahydrogenated menaquinones containing nine isoprene units [MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8)]. The strain exhibited a fatty acid profile containing the following major fatty acids: 12-methyltridecanoic acid (iso-C14 : 0) 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C15 : 0), 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (iso-C15 : 0) and 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-C16 : 0). Here, we propose a novel species of the genus Streptomyces – Streptomyces smaragdinus with the type strain RB5T (=VKM Ac-2839T=NRRL B65539T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Martin
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, 0028 Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Michael Poulsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Rak Lee S, Schalk F, Schwitalla JW, Benndorf R, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, de Beer ZW, Park M, Ahn MJ, Jung WH, Beemelmanns C, Kim KH. Polyhalogenation of Isoflavonoids by the Termite-Associated Actinomadura sp. RB99. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3102-3110. [PMID: 32946237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS2) and global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS), we found that plant-derived daidzein and genistein derivatives are polyhalogenated by termite-associated Actinomadura species RB99. MS-guided purification from extracts of bacteria grown under optimized conditions led to the isolation of eight polychlorinated isoflavones, including six unreported derivatives, and seven novel polybrominated derivatives, two of which showed antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Felix Schalk
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan W Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0083, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Minji Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Benndorf R, Schwitalla JW, Martin K, de Beer ZW, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, Poulsen M, Beemelmanns C. Nocardia macrotermitis sp. nov. and Nocardia aurantia sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5226-5234. [PMID: 32815801 PMCID: PMC7660896 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic positions of two novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive Actinobacteria, designated RB20T and RB56T, were determined using a polyphasic approach. Both were isolated from the fungus-farming termite Macrotermes natalensis. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that both strains are members of the genus Nocardia with the closest phylogenetic neighbours Nocardia miyunensis JCM12860T (98.9 %) and Nocardia nova DSM44481T (98.5 %) for RB20T and Nocardia takedensis DSM 44801T (98.3 %), Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis DSM 44290T (98.3 %) and Nocardia rayongensis JCM 19832T (98.2 %) for RB56T. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) between RB20T and N. miyunensis JCM12860T and N. nova DSM 44481T resulted in similarity values of 33.9 and 22.0 %, respectively. DDH between RB56T and N. takedensis DSM44801T and N. pseudobrasiliensis DSM44290T showed similarity values of 20.7 and 22.3 %, respectively. In addition, wet-lab DDH between RB56T and N. rayongensis JCM19832T resulted in 10.2 % (14.5 %) similarity. Both strains showed morphological and chemotaxonomic features typical for the genus Nocardia, such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid (A2pm) within the cell wall, arabinose and galactose as major sugar components within whole cell-wall hydrolysates, the presence of mycolic acids and major phospholipids (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol), and the predominant menaquinone MK-8 (H4, ω-cyclo). The main fatty acids for both strains were hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0), 10-methyloctadecanoic acid (10-methyl C18 : 0) and cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c). We propose two novel species within the genus Nocardia: Nocardia macrotermitis sp. nov. with the type strain RB20T (=VKM Ac-2841T=NRRL B65541T) and Nocardia aurantia sp. nov. with the type strain RB56T (=VKM Ac-2842T=NRRL B65542T).
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Affiliation(s)
- René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan W. Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Martin
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, 0028 Hatfield, South Africa
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von- Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von- Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Guo H, Schwitalla JW, Benndorf R, Baunach M, Steinbeck C, Görls H, de Beer ZW, Regestein L, Beemelmanns C. Gene Cluster Activation in a Bacterial Symbiont Leads to Halogenated Angucyclic Maduralactomycins and Spirocyclic Actinospirols. Org Lett 2020; 22:2634-2638. [PMID: 32193935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth from spores activated a biosynthetic gene cluster in Actinomadura sp. RB29, resulting in the identification of two novel groups of halogenated polyketide natural products, named maduralactomycins and actinospirols. The unique tetracyclic and spirocyclic structures were assigned based on a combination of NMR analysis, chemoinformatic calculations, X-ray crystallography, and 13C labeling studies. On the basis of HRMS2 data, genome mining, and gene expression studies, we propose an underlying noncanonical angucycline biosynthesis and extensive post-polyketide synthase (PKS) oxidative modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan W Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Baunach
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lars Regestein
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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