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Herbolsheimer F, Peters A, Wagner S, Willich SN, Krist L, Pischon T, Nimptsch K, Gastell S, Brandes M, Brandes B, Schikowski T, Schmidt B, Michels KB, Mikolajczyk R, Harth V, Obi N, Castell S, Heise JK, Lieb W, Franzpötter K, Karch A, Teismann H, Völzke H, Meinke-Franze C, Leitzmann M, Stein MJ, Brenner H, Holleczek B, Weber A, Bohn B, Kluttig A, Steindorf K. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic- restrictions in Germany: a nationwide survey : Running head: physical activity during the COVID-19 restrictions. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:433. [PMID: 38347566 PMCID: PMC10860251 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions posed challenges to maintaining healthy lifestyles and physical well-being. During the first mobility restrictions from March to mid-July 2020, the German population was advised to stay home, except for work, exercise, and essential shopping. Our objective was to comprehensively assess the impact of these restrictions on changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior to identify the most affected groups. METHODS Between April 30, 2020, and May 12, 2020, we distributed a COVID-19-specific questionnaire to participants of the German National Cohort (NAKO). This questionnaire gathered information about participants' physical activity and sedentary behavior currently compared to the time before the restrictions. We integrated this new data with existing information on anxiety, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. The analyses focused on sociodemographic factors, social relationships, physical health, and working conditions. RESULTS Out of 152,421 respondents, a significant proportion reported altered physical activity and sedentary behavioral patterns due to COVID-19 restrictions. Over a third of the participants initially meeting the WHO's physical activity recommendation could no longer meet the guidelines during the restrictions. Participants reported substantial declines in sports activities (mean change (M) = -0.38; 95% CI: -.390; -.378; range from -2 to + 2) and reduced active transportation (M = -0.12; 95% CI: -.126; -.117). However, they also increased recreational physical activities (M = 0.12; 95% CI: .117; .126) while engaging in more sedentary behavior (M = 0.24; 95% CI: .240; .247) compared to pre-restriction levels. Multivariable linear and log-binomial regression models indicated that younger adults were more affected by the restrictions than older adults. The shift to remote work, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms were the factors most strongly associated with changes in all physical activity domains, including sedentary behavior, and the likelihood to continue following the physical activity guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Mobility patterns shifted towards inactivity or low-intensity activities during the nationwide restrictions in the spring of 2020, potentially leading to considerable and lasting health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Herbolsheimer
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wagner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan N Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mirko Brandes
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Berit Brandes
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences , Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jana K Heise
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences , Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Klett-Tammen CJ, Heise JK, Soja SM, Janzen I, Jenniches F, Kemmling Y, Behrens G, Schulz TF, Wegener R, Castell S. Self-reported vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and adverse events in multiple cohorts. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In two studies (“App-based infection assessment in RESIST (iAR)” and “Digital infection monitoring in persons living with immunodeficiency (DIMI)” ), we monitor health related items, as vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and conduct syndromic surveillance of acute respiratory infections in high-risk populations, i.e. elderly persons and persons living with HIV, respectively. In a third very similar study (“Sensors for measuring aerosols and reactive gases to deduce health effects (SMARAGD)”) mainly healthy adults participate. To record incident or recurring transient health events, risk factors and further health data in real-time, we developed the eResearch system “PIA - Prospective Monitoring and Management App”. Recruitment for RESIST, SMARAGD and DIMI started in March 2021 and is ongoing. The questionnaire was presented in April 2022. Preliminary results include 86 participants from the three cohorts. In total, one indicated to be not vaccinated, none were vaccinated once, three (3.5%) twice, 63 (73.3%) three times and 19 (22.1%) four times. Participants reported the following adverse events after immunization (AEFI): after 40 applied doses with Vaxzevria® 24 AEFI (60%); after 158 doses of Comirnaty® 41 AEFI (26%); after 62 doses of Spikevax® 19 AEFI (30.7%); and after three doses of Janssen®, one AEFI (33.3%). In these cohorts, 20 (23.36%) participants stated having had a SARS-CoV-2 infection, of these 16 (80%) after the last vaccination dose, three (15%) before the first dose and one (5%) in between doses. Most participants were vaccinated three times, with Comirnaty being the most applied vaccine, as in officially reported numbers. AEFI varied according to vaccine and were higher than in the German surveillance system (1.64/1000 doses). Most infections were indicated to have been diagnosed after the booster vaccination. The results are limited by the small sample size and possible bias through self-reporting and social desirability regarding vaccination status.
Key messages
• Overall, most participants were vaccinated with Comirnaty and had three doses of vaccine. Of the participants with a diagnosed SARS-CoV-2-infection, most got infected after the booster vaccine.
• The number of reported AEFI was higher than in the official surveillance in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ Klett-Tammen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Epidemiology, , Brunswick, Germany
| | - JK Heise
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Epidemiology, , Brunswick, Germany
| | - SM Soja
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Epidemiology, , Brunswick, Germany
| | - I Janzen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Epidemiology, , Brunswick, Germany
| | - F Jenniches
- Study Centre, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Hanover, Germany
| | - Y Kemmling
- Study Centre, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Hanover, Germany
| | - G Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hanover Medical School , Hanover, Germany
| | - TF Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hanover Medical School , Hanover, Germany
| | - R Wegener
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research , IE, , Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich , IE, , Jülich, Germany
| | - S Castell
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Epidemiology, , Brunswick, Germany
- TI Bioressources, Biodata und Digital Health, German Centre for Infection Research , Hanover, Germany
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