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Windrem MS, Osipovitch M, Liu Z, Bates J, Chandler-Militello D, Zou L, Munir J, Schanz S, McCoy K, Miller RH, Wang S, Nedergaard M, Findling RL, Tesar PJ, Goldman SA. Human iPSC Glial Mouse Chimeras Reveal Glial Contributions to Schizophrenia. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:195-208.e6. [PMID: 28736215 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether intrinsic glial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). Our approach was to establish humanized glial chimeric mice using glial progenitor cells (GPCs) produced from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with childhood-onset SCZ. After neonatal implantation into myelin-deficient shiverer mice, SCZ GPCs showed premature migration into the cortex, leading to reduced white matter expansion and hypomyelination relative to controls. The SCZ glial chimeras also showed delayed astrocytic differentiation and abnormal astrocytic morphologies. When established in myelin wild-type hosts, SCZ glial mice showed reduced prepulse inhibition and abnormal behavior, including excessive anxiety, antisocial traits, and disturbed sleep. RNA-seq of cultured SCZ human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) revealed disrupted glial differentiation-associated and synaptic gene expression, indicating that glial pathology was cell autonomous. Our data therefore suggest a causal role for impaired glial maturation in the development of schizophrenia and provide a humanized model for its in vivo assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Windrem
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mikhail Osipovitch
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zhengshan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Janna Bates
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Devin Chandler-Militello
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa Zou
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jared Munir
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven Schanz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katherine McCoy
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Robert L Findling
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics, Case Western University Medical School, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Munir J, Dorn LA, Donohue K, Schmitt J. The effect of maternal photoperiod on seasonal dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). Am J Bot 2001; 88:1240-1249. [PMID: 11454624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The maternal photoperiod at the time of seed maturation can predict the seasonal conditions of newly dispersed seeds. We investigated the effects of maternal photoperiod on seasonal dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana using a set of F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between individuals from two natural populations (Cal-0 and Tac-0) differing in cold requirements for germination. We grew 40 Cal × Tac lines in a long-day photoperiod (8 h of full spectrum light plus 8 h of low-fluence incandescent light) and a short-day photoperiod (8 h full spectrum light). We then exposed seeds from each family and maternal photoperiod to either a cold stratification treatment (4°C, 21 d) or no cold stratification. Both maternal photoperiod and progeny stratification influenced the percentage of seeds that germinated and the speed of germination. The short-day photoperiod caused increased responsiveness to stratification, with higher germination percentages and speeds in stratified seeds. Stratification influenced the expression of maternal photoperiod effects, such that short days increased germination percentage and speed in stratified seeds but inhibited germination in unstratified seeds. Families differed significantly in their plasticity to maternal photoperiod and stratification, but genetic variation for plasticity to maternal photoperiod was expressed only in unstratified seeds. Because the expression of maternal photoperiod effects and genetic variation for photoperiod effects depended on progeny stratification, the evolution of these maternal effects will depend on the seasonal environment experienced by progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Munir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Box G-W, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 USA
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Okada T, Ramsey WJ, Munir J, Wildner O, Blaese RM. Efficient directional cloning of recombinant adenovirus vectors using DNA-protein complex. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:1947-50. [PMID: 9518487 PMCID: PMC147483 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.8.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe an efficient cloning system utilizing adenoviral DNA-protein complexes which allows the directional cloning of genes into adenoviral expression vectors in a single step. DNA-protein complexes derived from a recombinant adenovirus (AVC2.null) were isolated by sequential use of CsCl step gradients followed by isopycnic centrifugation in a mixture of CsCl and guanidine HCl. AVC2.null is an adenoviral expression vector containing unique restriction sites between the human CMV-IE promoter and the SV40 intron/polyadenylation site. Transgenes were prepared for cloning into this vector by introduction of compatible restriction sites by PCR. A vector expressing rat granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was constructed using DNA-protein complex as well as by traditional recombination techniques. The efficacy of our adenoviral cloning system utilizing DNA-protein complex was two logs higher than that seen using homologous recombination. All viruses generated by directional ligation of the insert into the vector DNA-protein complexes contained the desired transgene in the correct orientation. This technique greatly simplifies and accelerates the generation of recombinant adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okada
- Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA
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