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Wüster J, Hesse B, Rothweiler R, Bortel E, Gross C, Bakhtiyari S, King A, Boller E, Gerber J, Rendenbach C, Fretwurst T, Preissner S, Heiland M, Nelson K, Nahles S. Comparison of the 3D-microstructure of human alveolar and fibula bone in microvascular autologous bone transplantation: a synchrotron radiation μ-CT study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1169385. [PMID: 37691907 PMCID: PMC10486015 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1169385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Autologous bone transplantation is successfully used in reconstructive surgery of large/critical-sized bone defects, whereby the microvascular free fibula flap is still regarded as the gold standard for the reconstruction of such defects in the head and neck region. Here, we report the morphological and lacunar properties of patient-paired bone samples from eight patients from the jaw (AB; recipient site) and the fibula (FB; donor site) on the micron length-scale using Synchrotron µ-CT. Insights into differences and similarities between these bone structures could offer a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for successful surgical outcomes and might clear the path for optimized, nature-inspired bone scaffold designs. Methods: Spatial vessel-pore arrangements, bone morphology, fluid-simulation derived permeability tensor, osteocyte lacunar density, and lacunar morphology are compared. Results: The orientation of the vessel system indicates a homogenous vessel orientation for AB and FB. The average mineral distance (50%) to the closest vessel boundary is higher in AB than in FB (the mean is 96 μm for AB vs. 76 μm for FB; p = 0.021). Average osteocyte lacunar density is found to be higher in AB than in FB (mean 22,874 mm3 vs. 19,376 mm3 for FB; p = 0.038), which might compensate for the high distance from the mineral to the nearest vessel. No significant differences in lacunar volume are found between paired AB and FB. Discussion: A comparable vessel network and similar distribution of vessel porosity between AB and FB may allow the FB graft to exhibit a high regeneration potential when connected to AB, and this might correlate with a high osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential of FB when connected to AB. Since widely used and potent synthetic bone grafts exist, new insight into the bone structure of well-established autologous bone grafts, such as the free fibula flap, could help to improve the performance of such materials and therefore the design of 3D scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wüster
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Rene Rothweiler
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Gross
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Elodie Boller
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Carsten Rendenbach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Preissner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Rothweiler R, Gross C, Bortel E, Früh S, Gerber J, Boller E, Wüster J, Stricker A, Fretwurst T, Iglhaut G, Nahles S, Schmelzeisen R, Hesse B, Nelson K. Comparison of the 3D-Microstructure Between Alveolar and Iliac Bone for Enhanced Bioinspired Bone Graft Substitutes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:862395. [PMID: 35782504 PMCID: PMC9248932 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.862395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In oral- and maxillofacial bone augmentation surgery, non-vascularized grafts from the iliac crest demonstrate better clinical performance than alveolar bone grafts. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood but are essential for the enhancement of bone regeneration scaffolds. Synchrotron Radiation µ-CT at a pixel size of 2.3 μm was used to characterize the gross morphology and the vascular and osteocyte lacuna porosity of patient-matched iliac crest/alveolar bone samples. The results suggest a difference in the spatial distribution of the vascular pore system. Fluid simulations reveal the permeability tensor to be more homogeneous in the iliac crest, indicating a more unidirectional fluid flow in alveolar bone. The average distance between bone mineral and the closest vessel pore boundary was found to be higher in alveolar bone. At the same time, osteocyte lacunae density is higher in alveolar bone, potentially compensating for the longer average distance between the bone mineral and vessel pores. The present study comprehensively quantified and compared the 3D microarchitecture of intraindividual human alveolar and iliac bone. The identified difference in pore network architecture may allow a bone graft from the iliac crest to exhibit higher regeneration potential due to an increased capacity to connect with the surrounding pore network of the residual bone. The results may contribute to understanding the difference in clinical performance when used as bone grafts and are essential for optimization of future scaffold materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Rothweiler
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Elodie Boller
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Jonas Wüster
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Stricker
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Iglhaut
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schmelzeisen
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Bernhard Hesse, ; Katja Nelson,
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bernhard Hesse, ; Katja Nelson,
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Daubner D, Piwarz L, Cerhova J, Wahl H, Linn J, Gerber J. Direct radiation exposure of the eye lenses in cranial computed tomography and exposure reduction through radiographer training. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28:823-830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Anzolin A, Isenburg K, Grahl A, Toppi J, Yucel M, Ellingsen DM, Gerber J, Ciaramidaro A, Astolfi L, Kaptchuk TJ, Napadow V. Patient-Clinician Brain Response During Clinical Encounter and Pain Treatment. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2020:1512-1515. [PMID: 33018278 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The patient-clinician relationship is known to significantly affect the pain experience, as empathy, mutual trust and therapeutic alliance can significantly modulate pain perception and influence clinical therapy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to use an EEG hyperscanning setup to identify brain and behavioral mechanisms supporting the patient-clinician relationship while this clinical dyad is engaged in a therapeutic interaction. Our previous study applied fMRI hyperscanning to investigate whether brain concordance is linked with analgesia experienced by a patient while undergoing treatment by the clinician. In this current hyperscanning project we investigated similar outcomes for the patient-clinician dyad exploiting the high temporal resolution of EEG and the possibility to acquire the signals while patients and clinicians were present in the same room and engaged in a face-to-face interaction under an experimentally-controlled therapeutic context. Advanced source localization methods allowed for integration of spatial and spectral information in order to assess brain correlates of therapeutic alliance and pain perception in different clinical interaction contexts. Preliminary results showed that both behavioral and brain responses across the patient-clinician dyad were significantly affected by the interaction style.Clinical Relevance- The context of a clinical intervention can significantly impact the treatment of chronic pain. Effective therapeutic alliance, based on empathy, mutual trust, and warmth can improve treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. A deeper scientific understanding of the brain and behavioral mechanisms underlying an optimal patient-clinician interaction may lead to improved quality of clinical care and physician training, as well as better understanding of the social aspects of the biopsychosocial model mediating analgesia in chronic pain patients.
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Jadhav AP, Desai SM, Panczykowski DM, Rangaraju S, Campbell D, Ritvonen JK, Schreiner M, Silvennoinen H, Gerber J, Puetz V, Raza SA, Haussen DC, Nogueira RG, Strbian D, Jovin TG, Lindsberg PJ. Predicting outcomes after acute reperfusion therapy for basilar artery occlusion. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2176-2184. [PMID: 32558040 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality, despite successful recanalization. The discordance between flow restoration and long-term functional status clouds clinical decision-making regarding further aggressive care. We sought to develop and validate a practical, prognostic tool for the prediction of 3-month favorable outcome after acute reperfusion therapy for BAO. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at four high-volume stroke centers in the USA and Europe. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin scale scores 0-2) and derive a clinically applicable prognostic model (the Pittsburgh Outcomes after Stroke Thrombectomy-Vertebrobasilar (POST-VB) score). The POST-VB score was evaluated and internally validated with regard to calibration and discriminatory ability. External validity was assessed in patient cohorts at three separate centers. RESULTS In the derivation cohort of 59 patients, independent predictors of favorable outcome included smaller brainstem infarct volume on post-procedure magnetic resonance imaging (P < 0.01) and younger age (P = 0.01). POST-VB score was calculated as: age + (10 × brainstem infarct volume). POST-VB score demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.91] and adequate calibration (P = 0.88) in the derivation cohort (Center A). It performed equally well across the three external validation cohorts (Center B, AUC = 0.89; Center C, AUC = 0.78; Center D, AUC = 0.80). Overall, a POST-VB score < 49 was associated with an 88% likelihood of favorable outcome, as compared to 4% with a score ≥ 125. CONCLUSIONS The POST-VB score effectively predicts 3-month functional outcome following acute reperfusion therapy for BAO and may aid in guiding post-procedural care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Jadhav
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Desai
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D M Panczykowski
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Emory University and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J K Ritvonen
- Neurological Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Schreiner
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Neurology, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Silvennoinen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Gerber
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Puetz
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Neurology, Dresden Neurovascular Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - S A Raza
- Department of Neurology, Emory University and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D C Haussen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R G Nogueira
- Department of Neurology, Emory University and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Strbian
- Neurological Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T G Jovin
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - P J Lindsberg
- Neurological Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Quiñones-Ossa GA, Durango-Espinosa YA, Padilla-Zambrano H, Ruiz J, Moscote-Salazar LR, Galwankar S, Gerber J, Hollandx R, Ghosh A, Pal R, Agrawal A. Current Status of Indications, Timing, Management, Complications, and Outcomes of Tracheostomy in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2020; 11:222-229. [PMID: 32367975 PMCID: PMC7195963 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheostomy is the commonest bedside surgical procedure performed on patients needing mechanical ventilation with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The researchers made an effort to organize a narrative review of the indications, timing, management, complications, and outcomes of tracheostomy in relation to neuronal and brain-injured patients following TBI. The study observations were collated from the published literature, namely original articles, book chapters, case series, randomized studies, systematic reviews, and review articles. Information sorting was restricted to tracheostomy and its association with TBI. Care was taken to review the correlation of tracheostomy with clinical correlates including indications, scheduling, interventions, prognosis, and complications of the patients suffering from mild, moderate and severe TBIs using Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale, intraclass correlation coefficient, and other internationally acclaimed outcome scales. Tracheostomy is needed to overcome airway obstruction, prolonged respiratory failure and as indispensable component of mechanical ventilation due to diverse reasons in intensive care unit. Researchers are divided over early tracheostomy or late tracheostomy from days to weeks. The conventional classic surgical technique of tracheostomy has been superseded by percutaneous techniques by being less invasive with lesser complications, classified into early and late complications that may be life threatening. Additional studies have to be conducted to validate and streamline varied observations to frame evidence-based practice for successful weaning and decannulation. Tracheostomy is a safer option in critically ill TBI patients for which a universally accepted protocol for tracheostomy is needed that can help to optimize indications and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y A Durango-Espinosa
- Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - H Padilla-Zambrano
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Jenny Ruiz
- Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Faculty of Medicine - University of Cartagena, Cartagena Colombia, CLaNi- Latin American Council of Neurocritical Care, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - S Galwankar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Florida State University, Florida, United States
| | - J Gerber
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Florida State University, Florida, United States
| | - R Hollandx
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Florida State University, Florida, United States
| | - Amrita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - R Pal
- Department of Community Medicine, MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Koehler L, Fournel A, Albertowski K, Roessner V, Gerber J, Hummel C, Hummel T, Bensafi M. Impaired Odor Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder Is Associated with Decreased Activity in Olfactory Cortex. Chem Senses 2019; 43:627-634. [PMID: 30219913 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by atypical sensory functioning in the visual, tactile, and auditory systems. Although less explored, olfactory changes have been reported in ASD patients. To explore these changes on a neural level, 18 adults with ASD and 18 healthy neurotypical controls were examined in a 2-phase study. Participants were first tested for odor threshold and odor identification. Then, (i) structural magnetic resonance (MR) images of the olfactory bulb were acquired, and (ii) a functional MR imaging olfaction study was conducted. ASD patients exhibited decreased function for odor thresholds and odor identification; this was accompanied by a relatively decreased activation in the piriform cortex. In conclusion, these findings suggest, that the known alterations in olfaction in ASD are rooted in the primary olfactory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Koehler
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Technische Universität Dresden," Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Fournel
- CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
| | - K Albertowski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, "Technische Universität Dresden," Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, "Technische Universität Dresden," Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Gerber
- Department of Neuroradiology, "Technische Universität Dresden," Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Technische Universität Dresden," Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Technische Universität Dresden," Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bensafi
- CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
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Bergamaschi I, Gerber J, Cavalcante R, Gabardo M, Kuchler E, Brancher J, Costa D, Rebellato N, Kluppel L, Scariot. R. Demographic and genetic factors associated with quality of life in patients submitted to orthognathic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pellegrino R, Hähner A, Bojanowski V, Hummel C, Gerber J, Hummel T. Olfactory function in patients with hyposmia compared to healthy subjects - An fMRI study. Rhinology 2017; 54:374-381. [PMID: 27421303 DOI: 10.4193/rhino16.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with hyposmia, or the partial loss of smell, represent a large sector (15 %) of the population that is likely to grow with the current aging population; however, our understanding to how hyposmics centrally process odors is still not clear. One popular non-invasive tool for in vivo imaging of biological activity among human brains has been function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which uses blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal as an indirect measurement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand differences in olfaction processing between patients with hyposmia and healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODOLOGY Eleven hyposmic and 12 healthy, normosmic subjects were exposed to two different food-related odors (coffee and peach) during a block-designed fMRI session. Additionally, odor perception qualities were rated for each odor throughout the scanning session. RESULTS The activations of the normosmic group were localized in typical olfactory areas (insula, orbitofrontal cortex [OFC], limbic system and amygdala). The hyposmic group showed similar regions of activation (insula, OFC, limbic system), however, less activation was found in the amygdala, left anterior cingulate and right OFC, but higher activation was shown in the right parahippocampal and both the left and right posterior cingulate gyrus which are assumed to play an important role in the processing and remembrance of memories. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate similar central olfactory processing among groups, yet subjects with partial loss may attempt to compensate smell impairment with odor memory or higher motivation to smell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pellegrino
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Hähner
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Bojanowski
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Gerber
- Department of Neuroradiology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Pellegrino R, Hahner A, Bojanowski V, Hummel C, Gerber J, Hummerl T. Olfactory function in patients with hyposmia compared to healthy subjects - An fMRI study. Rhinology 2016. [DOI: 10.4193/rhin16.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wallrabenstein I, Gerber J, Rasche S, Croy I, Kurtenbach S, Hummel T, Hatt H. The smelling of Hedione results in sex-differentiated human brain activity. Neuroimage 2015; 113:365-73. [PMID: 25797832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large family of vomeronasal receptors recognizes pheromone cues in many animals including most amphibia, reptiles, rhodents, and other mammals. Humans possess five vomeronasal-type 1 receptor genes (VN1R1-VN1R5), which code for proteins that are functional in recombinant expression systems. We used two different recombinant expression systems and identified Hedione as a ligand for the putative human pheromone receptor VN1R1 expressed in the human olfactory mucosa. Following the ligand identification, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy volunteers to characterize the in vivo action of the VN1R1 ligand Hedione. In comparison to a common floral odor (phenylethyl alcohol), Hedione exhibited significantly enhanced activation in limbic areas (amygdala, hippocampus) and elicited a sex-differentiated response in a hypothalamic region that is associated with hormonal release. Utilizing a novel combination of methods, our results indicate that the putative human pheromone receptor VN1R1 is involved in extra-olfactory neuronal activations induced by the odorous substance Hedione. The activation of VN1R1 might play a role in gender-specific modulation of hormonal secretion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wallrabenstein
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - J Gerber
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Rasche
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - I Croy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Kurtenbach
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - T Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - H Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Barlinn K, Seibt J, Engellandt K, Gerber J, Puetz V, Kepplinger J, Wunderlich O, Pallesen LP, Bodechtel U, Koch R, von Kummer R, Dzialowski I. Multimodal Computed Tomography Based Definition of Cerebral Imaging Profiles for Acute Stroke Reperfusion Therapy (CT-DEFINE): Results of a Prospective Observational Study. Clin Neuroradiol 2014; 25:403-10. [PMID: 25150187 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-014-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the prognostic impact of multimodal computed tomography-based imaging in ischemic stroke patients potentially eligible for reperfusion therapy. METHODS Anterior circulation stroke patients underwent non-contrast CT (NCCT), CT-angiography, and CT-perfusion within 12 h from symptom-onset. Patients could be treated with intravenous-tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA), endovascular or combined reperfusion therapies. Cerebral imaging profiles (IP) were NCCT-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) > 7 (IP1); NCCT-ASPECTS > 5 and proximal occlusion on CT-angiography (IP2); CT-perfusion mismatch between cerebral blood volume (CBV)-ASPECTS, and cerebral blood flow (CBF)-ASPECTS ≥ 2 (IP3). Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2 at 3 months. RESULTS Of 102 included patients, 62 (61%) received any reperfusion therapy. In IP2 and IP3, favorable outcome was more frequent in patients with reperfusion therapy than in those without; however, this did not reach statistical significance (IP2: 39% vs 15%, p = 0.26; IP3: 50% vs 17 %; p = 0.31). No difference was seen in IP1 (58% vs 58%, p = 1.0). In IP2, patients with IV-tPA alone achieved better functional outcome (50% vs 11%, p = 0.03) and lower mortality (0% vs 28%, p = 0.045) than those without. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a benefit with imaging profile selection based upon the combination of a small-to-moderate-sized infarction and a visible intracranial occlusion in patients receiving IV-tPA. Reperfusion therapy may be futile in patients without proven vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - J Seibt
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Engellandt
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Gerber
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Puetz
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Kepplinger
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - O Wunderlich
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - L-P Pallesen
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Bodechtel
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Koch
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R von Kummer
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - I Dzialowski
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Elblandklinikum Meissen, Department of Neurology, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Technology Dresden, Meissen, Germany
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Leimert M, Juratli T, Neidel J, Hümpfer T, Soucek S, Gerber J, Schackert G, Pinzer T. Adult Craniopharyngiomas: Long-Term Outcome after Surgical Resection. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gerber J, Brehm R. Establishment and functional characterization of a murine Sertoli cell line deficient of the gap junction gene Gja1. Reprod Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Huart C, Meusel T, Gerber J, Duprez T, Rombaux P, Hummel T. The depth of the olfactory sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1911-4. [PMID: 21868619 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In congenital anosmia, the OB and OT can be aplastic or hypoplastic. In clinical routine, these are sometimes difficult to assess. We thus wanted to investigate morphologic differences of the OS in patients with IA since birth or early childhood in comparison with controls, to investigate whether there is a depth of OS that is predictive of IA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within the context of a 2-center study, we investigated 36 patients with IA in comparison with 70 controls. MR imaging was performed with a standard quadrature head coil (1.5T; T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences were used on the coronal plane). We assessed the depth of OS in the PPTE. RESULTS Looking at the depth of the OS in the PPTE, we found that patients with IA had a significantly smaller OS compared with controls (P < .001). None of the healthy controls exhibited a depth of <8 mm. In patients with IA, 10 had an OS deeper than 8 mm, while 26 had an OS smaller than 8 mm. Thus, a depth of the OS less than 8 mm clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1 and a sensitivity of 0.72. CONCLUSIONS In IA, the depth of the OS in the PPTE is a useful clinical indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huart
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Frei D, Bellon R, Huddle D, Dooley G, Gerber J, Turk A, Heck D, Hui F, Joseph G, Jahan R, Miskolczi L, Carpenter J, Grobelny T, Goddard J, Leader B, Bose A, Sit SP. P-010 A Study of the novel 054 Penumbra aspiration device in the ICA and MCA. J Neurointerv Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010097.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Schmidt H, Gerber J, Stuertz K, Djukic M, Bunkowski S, Fischer FR, Otto M, Nau R. S100B in the cerebrospinal fluid--a marker for glial damage in the rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis. Neurosci Lett 2010; 475:104-7. [PMID: 20347934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The rabbit model provides an important experimental setting for the evaluation of antibiotic agents against pneumococcal meningitis. One of the primary targets of this model is the study of neuronal and glial cell damage in bacterial meningitis. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether a significant increase of S100B in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an indicator of white matter damage could be observed in this meningitis model. Seven rabbits were infected intracisternally with S. pneumoniae, and CSF S100B concentrations were examined serially before infection, at 12h, 14h, 17h, 20h, and at 24h after infection. The course of CSF S100B increase and its relation to other parameters of brain tissue destruction and CSF inflammation were measured. Axonal damage was visualized by amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunostaining and demyelination by Luxol Fast Blue/Periodic Acid Schiff (LFB-PAS) stain. In each animal, we observed a distinct rise in S100B concentration in the CSF due to pneumococcal meningitis. We conclude that the CSF concentration of the glial S100B protein can be used as an additional parameter for future interventional studies focusing on glial cell damage in the rabbit model of bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schmidt
- University of Goettingen, Department of Neurology/Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37099 Goettingen, Germany.
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Podlesek D, Kirsch M, Hummel T, Gerber J, Schackert G. Functional and morphometric studies of the olfactory system in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gerber J, Tauber SC, Armbrecht I, Schmidt H, Bruck W, Nau R. Increased neuronal proliferation in human bacterial meningitis. Neurology 2009; 73:1026-32. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b9c892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Although numerous fMRI studies have been performed on the processing of olfactory information, the intranasal trigeminal system so far has not received much attention. In a pilot study stimulants were presented within a constantly flowing airstream birhinally to activate the olfactory (phenylethyl alcohol, H(2)S) or the trigeminal (CO(2)) nerves. Both olfactory and trigeminal stimulation activated the ventral insular cortex. Intranasal trigeminal stimulation additionally led to an activation of the midbrain, superior temporal gyrus, anterior caudate nucleus, and the dorsolateral orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebellar activation was reduced relative to odorous stimuli. For all stimuli, right-sided activity was more pronounced. These results suggested that processing of intranasal activation follows a pattern which is, at least to some degree, similar for both trigeminal and olfactory stimulation. This and results from several other studies emphasize the fact that there is a high degree of interaction between the different aspects of the chemical senses, also in the sense that chemosensory-induced activation in the nasal cavity is processed in similar cortical networks. Interactions between the olfactory and trigeminal system can also be seen in patients with acquired olfactory loss, who exhibit reduced trigeminal sensitivity, possibly due to the lack of a central-nervous interaction. Both the orbitofrontal cortex and the rostral insula appear to be of significance in the amplification of trigeminal input, which is missing in patients with olfactory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Smell & Taste Clinic, Dresden, Germany.
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Gudziol V, Buschhüter D, Abolmaali N, Gerber J, Rombaux P, Hummel T. Increasing olfactory bulb volume due to treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis--a longitudinal study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 132:3096-101. [PMID: 19773353 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of progenitor cells into neurons in the olfactory bulb depends on olfactory stimulation that can lead to an increase in olfactory bulb volume. In this study, we investigated whether the human olfactory bulb volume increases with increasing olfactory function due to treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Nineteen patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were investigated before and after treatment. For comparison, additional measurements were performed in 18 healthy volunteers. Volumetric measurements of the olfactory bulb were based on planimetric manual contouring of magnetic resonance scans. Olfactory function was evaluated separately for each nostril using tests for odour threshold, odour discrimination and odour identification. Measurements were performed on two occasions, 3 months apart. In healthy controls, the olfactory bulb volume did not change significantly between the two measurements. In contrast, the olfactory bulb volume in patients increased significantly from the initial 64.5 +/- 3.2 to 70.0 +/- 3.5 mm(3) on the left side (P = 0.02) and from 60.9 +/- 3.5 to 72.4 +/- 2.8 mm(3) on the right side (P < 0.001). The increase in olfactory bulb volume correlated significantly with an increase in odour thresholds (r = 0.60, P = 0.006, left side; r = 0.49, P = 0.03, right side), but not with changes in odour discrimination or odour identification. Results of this study support the idea that stimulation of olfactory receptor neurons impacts on the cell death in the olfactory bulb, not only in rodents but also in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study that describes an enlargement of the human olfactory bulb due to improvement of peripheral olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gudziol
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School (Technische Universität Dresden), Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Schmidt H, Broessner G, Schmutzhard E, Gerber J, Ferbert A, Walter S, Maschke M, Djukic M, Rostasy K, Otto M, von Ahsen N. Auftreten von Polymorphismen in Genen für Rezeptoren der innaten Immunabwehr und für AQP4 bei Patienten mit bakterieller Meningitis. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Gerber J, Tauber S, Brück W, Nau R. Neuronale Proliferation bei der bakteriellen Meningitis. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bensafi M, Iannilli E, Gerber J, Hummel T. Neural coding of stimulus concentration in the human olfactory and intranasal trigeminal systems. Neuroscience 2008; 154:832-8. [PMID: 18485604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasal chemical sensations are mediated principally by the olfactory and the trigeminal systems. Over the last few years brain structures involved in processing of trigeminal stimuli have been more and more documented. However, the exact role of individual regions in stimulus intensity processing is unclear. The present study set out to examine the neural network involved in encoding stimulus intensity in the trigeminal system and the olfactory system of humans. Participants were presented with two concentrations of relatively specific trigeminal stimuli (CO2) and olfactory (H2S), respectively. Responses were assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Whereas brain responses to stimulus intensity in the olfactory modality involved a wide neural network including cerebellum, entorhinal cortex, visual areas, and frontal regions, contrasting high and low CO2 concentrations revealed activation in a less complex network including various sub-regions of the cingulate cortex. Taken together, these results suggest separate but overlapping neural networks involved in encoding stimulus intensity in the two chemosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bensafi
- Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles, Comportement, Cognition, UMR 5020, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon, IFR19, CNRS, Lyon, France.
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Hummel C, Frasnelli J, Gerber J, Hummel T. Cerebral processing of gustatory stimuli in patients with taste loss. Behav Brain Res 2007; 185:59-64. [PMID: 17714799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim was to investigate differences in the central-nervous processing of gustatory stimuli between normogeusic subjects and patients with taste disorders. Twelve subjects with normal gustatory function and eight patients suffering from hypo- to ageusia underwent one fMRI run each in a 1.5 T scanner where they received liquid gustatory stimuli. fMRI analyses were performed by means of SPM2. Across all participants clusters of activated voxels were mainly found in orbitofrontal and insular regions of interest. Even those patients who did not perceive any stimuli showed some activation of gustatory centers. Group comparisons revealed higher activation of the insular and orbitofrontal cortices in patients compared to the group of healthy subjects. While further studies are needed, this finding may be interpreted in terms of enhanced neuronal recruitment due to functional impairment in patients with gustatory loss. It may ultimately prove useful in terms of the prognostic evaluation of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Boyle JA, Frasnelli J, Gerber J, Heinke M, Hummel T. Cross-modal integration of intranasal stimuli: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience 2007; 149:223-31. [PMID: 17869005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Most odorants, in addition to the olfactory system, also activate the intranasal trigeminal system. Recent studies have shown that pure trigeminal stimulation activates somatosensory regions as well as regions traditionally thought of as primary olfactory areas. As a main aim of this study we wished to a) ascertain which brain regions are responsive to an "artificially" bimodal odor composed of a trigeminal (CO(2)) and an olfactory stimulant (phenyl ethyl alcohol, PEA) and b) determine if presenting CO(2) and PEA simultaneously activates different brain regions than when presenting them individually. Fifteen men were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while smelling PEA, CO(2), and a mixture of both stimuli (CO(2)PEA) presented simultaneously. Odors were presented monorhinally to the right nostril in a block design. The contrast between CO(2)PEA and baseline revealed areas implicated in the processing of both olfactory and trigeminal stimuli. When the mixture was contrasted with the sum of its single components (CO(2)PEA-{CO(2)+PEA}), activations in integration centers (left superior temporal and right intraparietal sulcus) and in orbitofrontal areas (left medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex) were detected. The opposite contrast ({CO(2)+PEA}-CO(2)PEA) did not reveal any significant activation. In contrast to studies which have used natural mixed olfactory/trigeminal stimuli, we have shown that the perception of an artificial mixed olfactory/trigeminal stimulus activates, as opposed to inhibiting the olfactory cortex. Further, we also conclude that a mixed olfactory/trigeminal stimulus appears to lead to higher cortical activations than the sum of its parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Boyle
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Gerber J, Tauber S, Rohde G, Weishaupt J, Nau R. O98 Continuous stimulation of cerebral Toll-like receptor 9 by intraventricular CpG-DNA causes chronic inflammation, ependymal damage and deficits of memory function. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gerber J, Tauber S, Armbrecht I, Brück W, Nau R. O97 Increased proliferation of dentate granule cells in human bacterial meningitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ribes S, Taberner F, Cabellos C, Gerber J, Tubau F, Ardanuy C, Liñares J, Nau R, Gudiol F. P1782 Pneumococcal meningitis: is disease severity related to capsular or clonal types? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Iannilli E, Gerber J, Frasnelli J, Hummel T. Intranasal trigeminal function in subjects with and without an intact sense of smell. Brain Res 2007; 1139:235-44. [PMID: 17274965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intranasal trigeminal system is involved in the perception of odors. To investigate the cerebral processing of sensory information from the trigeminal nerve in detail we studied subjects with and without olfactory function using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A normosmic group (n=12) was compared with a group of anosmic subjects (n=11). For trigeminal stimulation gaseous CO(2) was used. Following right-sided stimulation with CO(2) controls exhibited a stronger right-sided cerebral activation than anosmic subjects. Stronger activation was found in controls compared to anosmic subjects for the right prefrontal cortex, the right somatosensory cortex (SI), and the left parietal insula. In contrast, relatively higher activation was found in anosmic subjects for the left supplementary motor area in the frontal lobe, the right superior and middle temporal lobe, the left parahippocampal gyrus in the limbic lobe, and the sub-lobar region of the left putamen and right insula which was mostly due to a decreased BOLD signal of controls in these areas. Additional conjunction analysis revealed that activated areas common to the two groups were the cerebellum and the right premotor frontal cortex. These data suggest that the processing of the trigeminally mediated information is different in the presence or absence of an intact sense of smell, pointing towards the intimate connection between the two chemosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iannilli
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Spreer A, Hanssen M, Gerber J, Nau R. Kein neuroprotektiver Effekt von Erythopoietin im Kaninchenmodell der Escherichia-coli-Meningitis. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tauber S, Stadelmann C, Spreer A, Nau R, Gerber J. Increased expression of BDNF and proliferation of dentate granule cells after bacterial meningitis. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Baur S, Schmidt H, Krämer A, Gerber J. The destruction of industrial aqueous waste containing biocides in supercritical water—development of the SUWOX process for the technical application. J Supercrit Fluids 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dibble L, Hale TF, Gerber J, Droge J, Marcus RL, LaStayo PC. MUSCLE FORCE, STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION CHANGE FOLLOWING HIGH INTENSITY NEGATIVE WORK IN PERSONS WITH PARKINSONʼS DISEASE. J Neurol Phys Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/01253086-200412000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nau R, Gerber J, Bunkowski S, Brück W. Axonal injury, a frequent cause of central nervous system injury in bacterial meningitis. Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-833169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Spreer A, Lis A, Hanßen M, Gerber J, Reinert RR, Eiffert H, Nau R. Unterschiedliche klinische Manifestationsformen von Infektionen mit Streptococcus pneumoniae korrelieren nicht mit der Produktion und Freisetzung des Pathogenitätsfaktors Pneumolysin in vitro. Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-833372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Baur S, Casal V, Schmidt H, Gerber J, Krämer A. Zersetzung biologisch schwer abbaubarer Schadstoffe inüberkritischem Wasser mit dem SUWOX-Prozess an der Schwelle zur technischen Anwendung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200390400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Steinmeier R, Sobottka SB, Reiss G, Bredow J, Gerber J, Schackert G. Surgery of low-grade gliomas near speech-eloquent regions: brainmapping versus preoperative functional imaging. Oncol Res Treat 2002; 25:552-7. [PMID: 12566901 DOI: 10.1159/000068627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of eloquent areas is of utmost importance in the surgery of tumors located near speech-eloquent brain areas, since the classical concept of a constant localization was proven to be untrue and the spatial localization of these areas may show large interindividual differences. Some neurosurgical centers apply intraoperative electrophysiological methods that, however, necessitate the performance of surgery in the awake patient. This might be a severe burden both for the patient and the operating team in a procedure that lasts several hours; in addition, electrical stimulation may generate epileptic seizures. Alternatively, methods of functional brain imaging (e.g., PET, fMRI, MEG) may be applied, which allow individual localization of speech-eloquent areas. Matching of these image data with a conventional 3D-CT or MRI now allows the exact transfer of this information into the surgical field by neuronavigation. Whereas standards concerning electrophysiological stimulation techniques that could prevent a permanent postoperative worsening of language are available, until now it remains unclear whether the resection of regions shown to be active in functional brain imaging will cause a permanent postoperative deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Steinmeier
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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Wellmer A, Prange J, Gerber J, Zysk G, Lange P, Michel U, Eiffert H, Nau R. D- and L-lactate in rabbit and human bacterial meningitis. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 33:909-13. [PMID: 11868764 DOI: 10.1080/00365540110076732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased total CSF lactate is an important indicator differentiating bacterial from aseptic meningitis. Bacteria can produce D- and L-lactate; mammalian cells produce only L-lactate. We measured D- and L-lactate production of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli in vitro, of S. pneumoniae and E. coli in rabbit experimental meningitis and of various common pathogens in CSF from patients with bacterial meningitis. Despite marked in vitro production of D-lactate by S. aureus (maximum: 4.59 mmol/l; i.e. 34.9% of total lactate), N. meningitidis (4.62 mmol/l; i.e. 98.1%) and E. coli (3.14 mmol/l; i.e. 97.2%), minimal amounts were measured in human S. aureus (0.38 mmol/l; i.e. 1.3% of total lactate) or N. meningitidis (0.28 mmol/l; i.e. 3.9%) and experimental E. coli meningitis (0.75 mmol/l; i.e. 4.4%). In only 9 of 54 human CSF samples did D-lactate exceed 0.15 mmol/l. S. pneumoniae did not produce significant amounts of D-lactate in vitro (maximum: 0.55 mmol/l; i.e. 2.7% of total lactate), in experimental meningitis (0.18 mmol/l; i.e. 3%) or in human cases of meningitis (0.28 mmol/l; i.e. 1.9%). In conclusion, increased total CSF lactate in meningitis consists mainly of L-lactate and originates predominantly from host cells. CSF D-lactate is of limited diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wellmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Ioan-Facsinay A, de Kimpe SJ, Hellwig SMM, van Lent PL, Hofhuis FMA, van Ojik HH, Sedlik C, da Silveira SA, Gerber J, de Jong YF, Roozendaal R, Aarden LA, van den Berg WB, Saito T, Mosser D, Amigorena S, Izui S, van Ommen GJB, van Vugt M, van de Winkel JGJ, Verbeek JS. FcgammaRI (CD64) contributes substantially to severity of arthritis, hypersensitivity responses, and protection from bacterial infection. Immunity 2002; 16:391-402. [PMID: 11911824 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The high-affinity receptor for IgG, FcgammaRI, shares its capacity to bind IgG2a immune complexes (IgG2a-IC) with the low-affinity receptor FcgammaRIII and complement factors, hampering the definition of its biological role. Moreover, in vivo, FcgammaRI is occupied by monomeric IgG2a, reducing its accessibility to newly formed IgG2a-IC. By using a variety of FcgammaR(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that in the absence of FcgammaRI, the IgG2a-IC-induced cellular processes of phagocytosis, cytokine release, cellular cytotoxicity, and antigen presentation are impaired. FcgammaRI(-/-) mice showed impaired hypersensitivity responses, strongly reduced cartilage destruction in an arthritis model, and impaired protection from a bacterial infection. We conclude that FcgammaRI contributes substantially to a variety of IgG2a-IC-dependent immune functions and immunopathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
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Meininger D, Gerber J, Bremerich DH. [Neonatal assessment and resuscitation. Current guidelines of the ICOR Pediatric Working Group]. Anaesthesist 2002; 51:55-74; quiz 75, 77. [PMID: 11963300 DOI: 10.1007/s101-002-8375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Meininger
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main
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Maidhof R, Schneider F, Rachold U, Gerber J, Niehoff JU, Sann J. [The "Barthel Index": alternative to expertising in compulsory care insurance?]. Gesundheitswesen 2002; 64:54-9. [PMID: 11791203 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-19506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the level of care needed is difficult and since the introduction of nursing care insurance in Germany in 1995 the assessment method applied by the MDK (Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung) has repeatedly been criticised. The method is very costly and not broadly tested for its validity and reliability. The question arises whether similar results can be obtained by applying another instrument, like the Barthel Index (BI), which is easier to use and more reliable. In this article the authors show - based on a preliminary study in 1999 - that by using the Barthel Index a discriminance analysis will show identical results in 80 % of all cases. The authors regard this identical measurement of care needs, which is reached by scoring only ten items (BI) versus thirty (MDK's assessment method) and with a presumingly higher reliability, as a major progress and reason enough for further discussion and studies of the use of the Barthel Index for care needs assessment.
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Gerber J, Sozański L, Suchocki S. [The risk factors of endometrial cancer]. Ginekol Pol 2001; 72:1418-22. [PMID: 11883289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Authors presents the risk factors in endometrial cancer underlying such problems like hyperestrogenism, both external and internal caused by hormonally active ovarian masses, polycystic ovarian syndrome, adrenocortical hyperfunction and role of obesity in this pathological state. Other factors have been also described diabetes mellitus and hypertension, oral contraception, genetics factors, patient's obstetric history and other diseases where the increase of aromatization activity of androstendion to estron has been noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerber
- Katedry i Kliniki Ginekologii AM we Wrocławiu
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Wellmer A, Gerber J, Ragheb J, Zysk G, Kunst T, Smirnov A, Brück W, Nau R. Effect of deficiency of tumor necrosis factor alpha or both of its receptors on Streptococcus pneumoniae central nervous system infection and peritonitis. Infect Immun 2001; 69:6881-6. [PMID: 11598062 PMCID: PMC100067 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.11.6881-6886.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta are key mediators in bacterial inflammation. We therefore examined the role of TNF-alpha and its two receptors in murine pneumococcal central nervous system infection. TNF-alpha knockout mice and age- and sex-matched controls and TNF receptor (p55 and p75)-deficient mice and heterozygous littermates were infected intracerebrally with a Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 strain. Mice were monitored until death or were killed 36 h after infection. Bacterial titers in blood, spleen, and brain homogenates were determined. Leukocyte infiltration and neuronal damage were assessed by histological scores. TNF-alpha-deficient mice died earlier than the controls after intracerebral infection although overall survival was similar. TNF-alpha deficiency did not inhibit leukocyte recruitment into the subarachnoid space and did not lead to an increased density of bacteria in brain homogenates. However, it caused a substantial rise of the concentration of S. pneumoniae cells in blood and spleen. Spleen bacterial titers were also increased in p55- and p75-deficient mice. TNF receptor-deficient mice showed decreased meningeal inflammation. Neuronal damage was not affected by either TNF-alpha or TNF receptor deficiency. In a murine model of pneumococcal peritonitis, 10(2) CFU of S. pneumoniae produced fatal peritonitis in TNF-alpha-deficient, but not wild-type, mice. Early leukocyte influx into the peritoneum was impaired in TNF-alpha-deficient mice. The lack of TNF-alpha or its receptors renders mice more susceptible to S. pneumoniae infections.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Brain Diseases/immunology
- Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peritonitis/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wellmer
- Departments of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Van Horn L, Liu K, Gerber J, Garside D, Schiffer L, Gernhofer N, Greenland P. Oats and soy in lipid-lowering diets for women with hypercholesterolemia: is there synergy? J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101:1319-25. [PMID: 11716313 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study possible synergistic effects of oats and soy on reducing total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in human beings and the efficacy and feasibility of including these adjustments to a National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet. SUBJECT/SETTING: One hundred twenty-seven postmenopausal women with moderate hypercholesterolemia were recruited from a large Midwestern workforce and senior centers in the surrounding community. Intervention and clinical visits were conducted in these same facilities. DESIGN After a 3-week lead-in period on the Step I diet, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for an additional 6 weeks: an oats/milk group, a wheat/soy group, an oats/soy group, and a wheat/milk group. Clinical measurements included blood draws, body weight and height, blood pressure, and medical history data. Three-day food records were collected at baseline and Weeks 3 and 9 of the intervention. Randomization was stratified based on the status of hormone replacement therapy and was blocked with sizes 4 or 8 for group assignment. RESULTS After 3 weeks on the Step I diet, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels; total fat and saturated fat intake, dietary cholesterol intake, Keys score, and body mass index were all reduced. Following an additional 6 weeks on the Step I diet plus intervention, total cholesterol and LDL-C were further reduced for both the oats/soy group and oats/milk group. There were no significant further changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the wheat/soy and wheat/milk groups. Body mass index remained stable in all groups from Week 3 to Week 9. APPLICATIONS Nonpharmacologic dietary interventions like the Step I diet are feasible in a community setting and can produce rapid and significant lipid-lowering benefits. Daily consumption of 2 servings of oats can contribute to further lipid alterations in this population although soy intake at this dose may not. Palatability and convenience are important considerations in achieving dietary adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Abstract
Here, we report the identification of a new E1A binding protein complex that is essential for E1A-mediated transformation. Its core component is a SWI2/SNF2-related, 400 kDa protein (p400). Other components include the myc- and p/CAF-associated cofactor, TRRAP/PAF400, the DNA helicases TAP54alpha/beta, actin-like proteins, and the human homolog of the Drosophila Enhancer of Polycomb protein. An E1A mutant, defective in p400 binding, is also defective in transformation. Certain p400 fragments partially rescued this phenotype, underscoring the role of E1A-p400 complex formation in the E1A transforming process. Furthermore, E1A and c-myc each alter the subunit composition of p400 complexes, implying that physiological p400 complex formation contributes to transformation suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fuchs
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Lange H, Lisowsky T, Gerber J, Mühlenhoff U, Kispal G, Lill R. An essential function of the mitochondrial sulfhydryl oxidase Erv1p/ALR in the maturation of cytosolic Fe/S proteins. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:715-20. [PMID: 11493598 PMCID: PMC1083998 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2001] [Revised: 06/13/2001] [Accepted: 06/25/2001] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of Fe/S clusters involves a number of essential mitochondrial proteins. Here, we identify the essential Erv1p of Saccharomyces cerevisia mitochondria as a novel component that is specifically required for the maturation of Fe/S proteins in the cytosol, but not in mitochondria. Furthermore, Erv1p was found to be important for cellular iron homeostasis. The homologous mammalian protein ALR ('augmenter of liver regeneration'), also termed hepatopoietin, can functionally replace defects in Erv1p and thus represents the mammalian orthologue of yeast Erv1p. Previously, a fragment of ALR was reported to exhibit an activity as an extracellular hepatotrophic growth factor. Both Erv1p and full-length ALR are located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and represent the first components of this compartment with a role in the biogenesis of cytosolic Fe/S proteins. It is likely that Erv1p/ALR operates downstream of the mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1p/ABC7/Sta1, which also executes a specific task in this essential biochemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lange
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 5, 35033 Marburg, Germany
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Aubry JF, Tanter M, Gerber J, Thomas JL, Fink M. Optimal focusing by spatio-temporal inverse filter. II. Experiments. Application to focusing through absorbing and reverberating media. J Acoust Soc Am 2001; 110:48-58. [PMID: 11508973 DOI: 10.1121/1.1377052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To focus ultrasonic waves in an unknown heterogeneous medium using a phased array, one has to calculate the optimal set of signals to be applied on the transducers of the array. (In most applications of ultrasound, medical imaging, medical therapy, nondestructive testing, the first step consists of focusing a broadband ultrasound beam deeply inside the medium to be investigated.) Focusing in a homogeneous medium simply requires to compensate for the varying focus-array elements geometrical distances. Nevertheless, heterogeneities in the medium, in terms of speed of sound, density, or absorption, may strongly degrade the focusing. Different techniques have been developed in order to correct such aberrations induced by heterogeneous media (time reversal, speckle brightness, for example). In the companion to this paper, a new broadband focusing technique was investigated: the spatio-temporal inverse filter. Experimental results obtained in various media, such as reverberating and absorbing media, are presented here. In particular, intraplate echoes suppression and high-quality focusing through a human skull, as well as hyper-resolution in a reverberating medium, will be shown. It is important to notice that all these experiments were performed with fully programmable multichannel electronics whose use is required to fully exploit the spatio-temporal technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Aubry
- Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique, ESPCI, Université Paris VII, URA CNRS 1503, France
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Gerber J, Eiffert H, Fleischer H, Wellmer A, Munzel U, Nau R. Reduced release of DNA from streptococcus pneumoniae after treatment with rifampin in comparison to spontaneous growth and ceftriaxone treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:490-3. [PMID: 11561806 DOI: 10.1007/pl00011291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the release of DNA from Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro during spontaneous growth and treatment with ceftriaxone or rifampin, a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. During spontaneous growth, high concentrations of bacterial DNA were released. Exposure to 10 microg/ml of ceftriaxone decreased the DNA release, in median, by 19 times (P=0.03 vs. spontaneous growth). Treatment with 10 microg/ml of rifampin led to a reduction of DNA release, in median, by a factor of 49 (P=0.03 vs. ceftriaxone; six experiments performed on different days).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerber
- Department of Neurology, University of Gottingen, Germany
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Gerber J, Eiffert H, Fleischer H, Wellmer A, Munzel U, Nau R. Reduced Release of DNA from Streptococcus pneumoniae After Treatment with Rifampin in Comparison to Spontaneous Growth and Ceftriaxone Treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s100960100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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