1
|
Abraham PR, Upadhyay P, Faujdar J, Gangane R, Gaddad SM, Sharma VD, Shivannavar CT. Drug susceptibility profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Gulbarga, South India. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
2
|
Faujdar J, Gupta P, Natrajan M, Das R, Chauhan D, Katoch V, Gupta U. Mycobacterium indicus pranii as stand-alone or adjunct immunotherapeutic in treatment of experimental animal tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:696-703. [PMID: 22199110 PMCID: PMC3249969 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.90999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Mycobacterium w (M.w) is a saprophytic cultivable mycobacterium and shares several antigens with M. tuberculosis. It has shown good immunomodulation in leprosy patients. Hence in the present study, the efficacy of M.w immunotherapy, alone or in combination with multi drug chemotherapeutic regimens was investigated against drug sensitive M. tuberculosis H37Rv and three clinical isolates with variable degree of drug resistance in mice. METHODS BALB/c mice were infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (susceptible to all first and second line drugs) and three clinical isolates taken from the epository of the Institute. The dose of 200 bacilli was used for infection via respiratory route in an aerosol chamber. Chemotherapy (5 days/wk) was given one month after infection and the vaccinated group was given a dose of 1x107 bacilli by subcutaneous route. Bacterial load was measured at 4 and 6 wk after initiation of chemotherapy. RESULTS M.w when given along with chemotherapy (4 and 6 wk) led to a greater reduction in the bacterial load in lungs and other organs of TB infected animals compared to. However, the reduction was significantly (P<0.05) more in terms of colony forming units (cfu) in both organs (lungs and spleen). CONCLUSION M.w (as immunomodulator) has beneficial therapeutic effect as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Faujdar
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- Experimental Animal Facility, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Mohan Natrajan
- Department of Pathology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Ram Das
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - D.S. Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - V.M Katoch
- Experimental Animal Facility, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - U.D. Gupta
- Experimental Animal Facility, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar M, Khan FG, Sharma S, Kumar R, Faujdar J, Sharma R, Chauhan DS, Singh R, Magotra SK, Khan IA. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes preferentially expressed during human infection. Microb Pathog 2010; 50:31-8. [PMID: 21035536 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes, specifically expressed during infection is a key step in understanding molecular mechanism of mycobacterial pathogenesis. Such genes likely encode proteins required for mycobacterium's survival and progressive infection within the host. In this study, we applied in-vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT) to M. tuberculosis and identified 11 putative in-vivo induced genes encoding for immunogenic proteins of diverse functions; these included transcriptional regulators (Rv1460 and Rv2565), biosynthesis and macromolecule metabolism (leuD, guaB1, plcC, hupB and glyS), polyketide synthases (pks6 and pks9), cell processes (ctpA) and one with unknown function (Rv3701c). Quantitative real time-PCR analysis of these genes in the specimens obtained from TB patients demonstrated induced expression of eight genes as compared with bacteria grown in-vitro. In addition, distribution of these genes in different strains of M. tuberculosis was analyzed using PCR and their nucleotide sequence alignments and they were found to be widely distributed among M. tuberculosis isolates including multiple-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR). This study identified several antigenic determinants of M. tuberculosis expressed during infection, which might help pathogens adapt to or counter hostile environments and suggesting their role during disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dave S, Faujdar J, Kumar P, Gupta P, Das R, Parasher D, Chauhan DS, Natrajan M, Gupta UD, Katoch VM. Comparative growth pattern of multi drug resistance versus susceptible isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice lungs. Indian J Med Res 2009; 130:58-62. [PMID: 19700802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Rise in prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in tubercle bacilli is a serious cause of concern. As mutations with two house keeping genes rpoB and katG are associated with resistance to two important anti-tubercular drugs rifampicin and isoniazid respectively, there is a need to understand the growth kinetics of organisms with such mutated genes in experimental animals. This study was undertaken to study the growth kinetics of susceptible as well multi-drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in mice. METHODS Two MDR (having mutations in rpoB and catG) and two drug susceptible isolates of M. tuberculosis along with H37Rv were grown in mice after aerogenic infection. RESULTS The MDR isolates grew slowly up to 3 wk though the growth was significantly different from sensitive strains. However, after 3 wk, the growth in sensitive as well MDR strains was similar, suggesting that even the mutations in the MDR strains did not have any impact on the growth kinetics. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The effect of mutations in other parts of these genes need to be studied. Retention of property of MDR strains to establish infection after aerogenic infection has epidemiological significance in terms of the transmission of MDR tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Dave
- Experimental Animal Facility, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh M, Chauhan DS, Gupta P, Das R, Srivastava RK, Upadhyay P, Singh P, Srivastava K, Faujdar J, Jaudaun GPS, Yadav VS, Sharma VD, Venkatesan K, Sachan S, Sachan P, Katoch K, Katoch VM. In vitro effect of fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Agra & Kanpur region of north India. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129:542-547. [PMID: 19675382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are important drugs used for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis and are also now being considered as first line drugs to shorten the duration of treatment of tuberculosis (TB). In order to find out useful FQs for treatment of tuberculosis, the comparative efficacy of five FQs, namely, ofloxacin (OFL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), sparfloxacin (SPX), gatifloxacin (GAT) and levofloxacin (LEVX) was studied against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates obtained from both treated and untreated patients from Agra and Kanpur regions of north India. METHODS A total of 162 MTB isolates [including 110 MTB isolates obtained from untreated patients (Cat-I) and 52 isolates from treated patients (Cat-II)] were tested for their susceptibilities to FQs using standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. RESULTS Keeping in view the therapeutically achievable drug levels, it was found that in Cat-I 97.2 per cent (107/110) isolates were sensitive to GAT, 89 per cent (98/110) to LEVX at 1 microg/ml whereas 92.7 per cent (102/110) isolates were inhibited by OFL at 2 microg/ml and 73.6 per cent (81/110) to SPX at 0.5 microg/ml. Only 63.6 per cent (70/110) isolates were found to be sensitive to CIP at 2 microg/ml which increased to 89 per cent (98/110) at 4 microg/ml (higher than achievable peak serum level). On the other hand, among 52 isolates for Cat-II, 37 (71.2%) were found to be sensitive to GAT and 33 (63.5%) to LEVX at 1 microg/ml concentration, 28 (53.8%) to SPX at 0.5 microg/ml whereas 33 (63.5%) and 24 (46.2%) isolates were found to be sensitive to OFL and CIP at 2 microg/ml, respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION It appears that GAT has higher activity against MTB isolates followed by OFL, LEVX and SPX whereas CIP showed the lowest activity. GAT was also found to be the most effective FQ against multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates both from Cat-I and Cat-II patients. Thus, except CIP, other FQs showed potential to be included in the treatment regimens of tuberculosis including MDR-TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mradula Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma P, Chauhan DS, Upadhyay P, Faujdar J, Lavania M, Sachan S, Katoch K, Katoch VM. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a rural area of Kanpur by spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) typing. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2008; 8:621-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Singh HB, Chauhan DS, Faujdar J, Upadhyay P, Saxena N, Yadav VS, Kumar A, Ahmed I, Katoch VM, Sharma VD. Tracing transmission of tuberculosis by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis within same family & neighbourhood. Indian J Med Res 2007; 126:82-4. [PMID: 17890814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
|
8
|
Jadaun GPS, Agarwal C, Sharma H, Ahmed Z, Upadhyay P, Faujdar J, Gupta AK, Das R, Gupta P, Chauhan DS, Sharma VD, Katoch VM. Determination of ethambutol MICs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium isolates by resazurin microtitre assay. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:152-5. [PMID: 17483147 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates to ethambutol by the Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) proportion method and resazurin microtitre assay (REMA) and to evaluate REMA for the determination of ethambutol MICs for MTB and Mycobacterium avium isolates. METHODS A total of 50 MTB and 20 M. avium isolates were tested to determine the MICs of ethambutol by REMA and agar dilution method. MTB isolates were also tested by the LJ proportion method. RESULTS REMA provided ethambutol susceptibility results for all the isolates within 8-9 days. For MTB isolates, REMA showed 96.7% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity and 98.0% accuracy when LJ proportion results were taken as 'gold standard'. For both MTB and M. avium isolates, the MICs determined by REMA were lower than those determined in agar medium, indicating that MIC values determined by REMA are closer to the actual MICs for the isolates. CONCLUSIONS REMA can be used as a rapid and inexpensive method for mycobacterial drug susceptibility testing against ethambutol. In comparison with the agar method, the MICs determined by REMA can more accurately be correlated with achievable plasma concentrations of antimycobacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P S Jadaun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (Indian Council of Medical Research), PO Box 1101, Dr M. Miyazaki Marg, Tajganj, Agra 282001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh P, Wesley C, Jadaun GPS, Malonia SK, Das R, Upadhyay P, Faujdar J, Sharma P, Gupta P, Mishra AK, Singh K, Chauhan DS, Sharma VD, Gupta UD, Venkatesan K, Katoch VM. Comparative evaluation of Löwenstein-Jensen proportion method, BacT/ALERT 3D system, and enzymatic pyrazinamidase assay for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:76-80. [PMID: 17093022 PMCID: PMC1828947 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00951-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important first-line antituberculosis drug because of its sterilizing activity against semidormant tubercle bacilli. In spite of its very high in vivo activity, its in vitro activity is not apparent unless an acidic environment is available, which makes PZA susceptibility testing difficult by conventional methods. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the performance of the colorimetric BacT/ALERT 3D system and compare the results with those from conventional tests, i.e., the Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) proportion method (pH 4.85) and Wayne's pyrazinamidase (PZase) assay, using 107 clinical isolates. The concordance among all of these tests was 89.71% after the first round of testing and reached 92.52% after resolution of the discordant results by retesting. Prolonged incubation of the PZase tube for up to 10 days was found to increase the specificity of the PZase test. The concordances between LJ proportion and BacT/ALERT 3D, LJ proportion and the PZase assay, and BacT/ALERT 3D and the PZase assay were found to be 99.06%, 93.46%, and 92.52%, respectively. Using the LJ results as the gold standard, the sensitivities of BacT/ALERT 3D and the PZase assay were 100 and 82.85%, respectively, while the specificity was 98.61% for both of the tests. The difference between the sensitivities of BacT/ALERT 3D and the PZase assay was significant (P = 0.025). The mean turnaround times for the detection of resistant and susceptible results by BacT/ALERT 3D were 8.04 and 11.32 days, respectively. While the major limitations associated with the PZase assay and the LJ proportion method are lower sensitivity in previously treated patients and a longer time requirement, respectively, the BacT/ALERT 3D system was found to be rapid, highly sensitive, and specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra (Uttar Pradesh) 282001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmad Z, Sharma S, Khuller GK, Singh P, Faujdar J, Katoch VM. Antimycobacterial activity of econazole against multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 28:543-4. [PMID: 17101262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of econazole against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC(90)) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC(>99.99)) against MDR strains were found to be 0.120-0.125 microg/mL and 0.125-0.150 microg/mL, respectively, demonstrating the antimycobacterial potential of econazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|