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Srivastava RK, Bodkhe JG. Does the country of origin has impact on prescribing behaviour of general practitioners? International Journal of Healthcare Management 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2019.1684667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Srivastava RK, Ish P, Covid-Vaccination Group S. The initial experience of COVID-19 vaccination from a tertiary care centre of India. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 91. [PMID: 33794595 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To the Editor Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the Bharat biotech vaccine against COVID-19, which is a locally manufactured inactivated vaccine named ''COVAXIN'' in collaboration with the Indian council of medical research (ICMR) on 3rd January 2021 for emergency use along with the "Covishield" Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine manufactured locally by the Serum Institute of India... *The Safdarjung COVID-19 Vaccination group: KR Meena (Professor, Paediatrics), U Venkatesh (Assistant Professor, Community Medicine), Pushpa Kumari (Associate Professor, Medicine), Sonal Burman (Specialist, Medicine), Neeraj Kumar Gupta (Professor and Head, Pulmonary Medicine), Nitesh Gupta (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine), Rohit Kumar (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine), Swetabh Purohit (Senior resident, Pulmonary Medicine), Arjun Ramaswamy (Senior resident, Pulmonary Medicine).
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Professor and Additional Medical Superintendent, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi.
| | - Pranav Ish
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi.
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Srivastava RK. Managing mergers and acquisitions in health care: A case study in the pharmaceutical sector. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2017.1422337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Srivastava
- Marketing and Research, Sydenham Institute of Management and Studies, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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Srivastava RK, Panda RK, Chakraborty A. Quantification of nitrogen transformation and leaching response to agronomic management for maize crop under rainfed and irrigated condition. Environ Pollut 2020; 265:114866. [PMID: 32505935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in agriculture crop production but the increasing application of nitrogen increases the possibilities of groundwater contamination through nitrate leaching. Nitrate leaching is the inevitable part of agriculture production which occurs during nitrogen fertilization. Hence, the quantification of nitrogen fertilizer is required to reduce nitrate leaching. In this study, nitrogen transformation and transport such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) at different soil depths and maize crop growth stages were measured during field experiments for two sowing dates (timely and delay) and four N fertilization levels under irrigated (year 2013 and 2014) and rainfed (year 2012 and 2014) conditions for maize crop. NH4+, NO3- and total nitrogen concentrations were measured using spectrophotometer at 410 nm and Kjeldahl method at varying soil depths and maize crop growth stages. Thereafter, nitrogen balance approach was used to estimate the NO3- leaching. Results indicated that NO3- leaching in irrigated condition was higher 109% in N75, 179% in N100, and 292% in N125 level respectively in comparison to the N0 level in timely sowing date, while in delayed sowing date, leaching was higher 54% in N75, 123% in N100, and 184% in N125 level respectively in comparison to N0 level. In rainfed, the NO3- leaching was higher 30% in N60, 59% in N80, and 99% in N100 level respectively in comparison to N0 level for the timely sowing date, while in delayed sowing, leaching was higher 23% in N60, 44% in N80, and 78% in N100 level respectively in comparison to N0 level. The results indicate that leaching losses were less in timely sowing dates for both rainfed and irrigated maize. The study further reveals that sowing dates combination with N levels could be an effective management strategy to reduce NO3- leaching by minimizing the N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - R K Panda
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India.
| | - Arun Chakraborty
- Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Joshi S, Srivastava RK. Adsorptive removal of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and mercury (Hg) ions from water using chitosan silica gel composite. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:615. [PMID: 31493036 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silica gel chitosan composite was prepared to perform adsorptive experiment of different heavy metal ion solutions. The characterization of chitosan + silica gel (Ch + Sg) composite was done by FTIR and SEM-EDS to understand the presence of active sites and to have an insight on the surface morphology. The adsorption study of heavy metal ions by Ch + Sg composite gives maximum removal percent for Cu, Pb and Ni which were obtained at pH 5 and for Hg at pH 6.The trend of removal by Ch + Sg signifies that maximum removal percent was attained at 120 min. The surface of Ch + Sg is heterogeneous for the adsorption of Hg, Ni and Cu and homogeneous for Pb adsorption. The values obtained for Pb signify that its adsorption best fitted to pseudo first order with the R2 value of 0.986, whereas pseudo second order best fitted to the experimental data of Cu, Ni and Hg as R2 values which are 0.983, 0.819 and 0.957 respectively. The values of change in entropy (⊿S) obtained for Pb, Cu, Ni and Hg are - 69.33, - 118, - 63.33 and - 98.52 J/mol K respectively. Negative values of change in enthalpy, ⊿H in (kJ/mol) are in the range of - 18.2 to - 37.66 which indicates both physical and chemical adsorption involves in the process of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Joshi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India.
| | - R K Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
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Sharma MK, Kumar N, Jha MK, N U, Srivastava RK, Bhattacharya S. Experience with various reconstructive techniques for meningomyelocele defect closure in India. JPRAS Open 2019; 21:75-85. [PMID: 32158889 PMCID: PMC7061542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The estimated incidence of spina bifida is 1–2 cases per 1000 population. In earlier literature, the global prevalence of meningomyelocele (MMC) is reported as 0.8–1.0 per 1000 live births. This retrospective study analyses the outcome of various surgical procedures performed for the closure of MMC defects. Method A total of 22 patients with MMC defects who underwent repair at our institute from July 2016 to August 2018 were included in the study. A retrospective review of all the cases operated was completed to analyse patient demography including defect size, defect location, surgical procedures, complications and the final outcome. Results Out of 22 cases, wherein the neurosurgery department sought help from the plastic surgery department, 11 defects were closed using the Limberg flap technique, 4 defects were closed with either primary closure or the double flap rotation flaps, one defect was closed using the triple rotation flap and 2 defects were closed using the local transposition flap cover technique. Complications were noted in only three cases. One patient had a local wound infection, while in two other cases, wound dehiscence was observed. All 3 cases were managed conservatively. On average, it takes approximately 70 days in India to close such defects. Conclusion MMC defects can be effectively managed with local flap options such as Limberg flap, local transposition flap or rotation flaps. Various reasons for the delay in closure were reported in patients late to our centre, when the first point of contact was with other departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, PGIMER & Dr. R.M.L Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, PGIMER & Dr. R.M.L Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Manoj K Jha
- Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, PGIMER & Dr. R.M.L Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Umesh N
- Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, PGIMER & Dr. R.M.L Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - R K Srivastava
- Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, PGIMER & Dr. R.M.L Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sameek Bhattacharya
- Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, PGIMER & Dr. R.M.L Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
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Thomas C, Karagounis I, Srivastava RK, Kumar S, Karar J, Chao HH, Kazimierczak A, Bado I, Nikolos F, Leli N, Koumenis C, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT, Chakrabarti R, Maity A. Abstract P5-05-10: Estrogen receptor β suppresses metastasis of inflammatory breast cancer by regulating cell cytoskeleton and cytokine signaling. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-05-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancer that accounts for about 10% of breast cancer mortality annually in US. Poor prognosis is largely due to the high propensity of IBC tumors to develop distant metastasis that occurs directly from the gland epithelium and through lymphatic invasion in which dermal lymphatics are filled with tumor emboli. Owing to the complex metastatic process, the molecular basis of IBC aggressiveness is poorly understood, and no specific therapeutic target has been identified. Despite the lack of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the majority of IBC tumors, estrogen may still play a role in these cancers through pathways that involve ERβ. Our tissue staining reveals expression of ERβ in more than 50% of IBCs that is reproduced in IBC cell lines. Furthermore, analysis of IBC datasets indicates correlation of receptor expression with good prognosis. We studied this association in preclinical models of IBC by knocking out ERβ in IBC cells. This promotes migration and invasion through cytoskeleton remodeling whereas re-expression of the receptor in knockout cells restores the cytoskeletal structure and migration to the levels of control cells. Consistent with increased migration, deletion of ERβ activates large gene networks of cell de-differentiation and cytokine synthesis that trigger tumor microenvironment responses to promote the motile phenotype of IBC cells. In contrast, ligands that activate the receptor inhibit signaling that contributes to metastasis in IBC. Analysis of an orthotopic xenograft model shows that IBC tumors lacking ERβ have higher propensity for metastasis compared with the ERβ-proficient tumors supporting the anti-metastatic activity of the receptor. Our findings point towards a role of ERβ in preventing distant metastases by inhibiting dissemination of IBC cells and maintaining the integrity of emboli. This function combined with distinct expression indicates the potential of ERβ to represent a unique prognostic marker and therapeutic target that can be utilized to repress IBC metastasis and eliminate its associated mortality.
Citation Format: Thomas C, Karagounis I, Srivastava RK, Kumar S, Karar J, Chao H-H, Kazimierczak A, Bado I, Nikolos F, Leli N, Koumenis C, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT, Chakrabarti R, Maity A. Estrogen receptor β suppresses metastasis of inflammatory breast cancer by regulating cell cytoskeleton and cytokine signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - I Karagounis
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - RK Srivastava
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - S Kumar
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - J Karar
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - H-H Chao
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - A Kazimierczak
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - I Bado
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - F Nikolos
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - N Leli
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - C Koumenis
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - S Krishnamurthy
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - NT Ueno
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - R Chakrabarti
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - A Maity
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
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Goyal M, Bansal M, Bajpai A, Siddique A, Srivastava RK. Impact of Educational Intervention on the Awareness of Disposal of Leftover/Expired Medicines among Health care Professionals. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jpp.jpp_44_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Bansal
- Physiology, N.C. Medical College and Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India
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Srivastava RK, Bodkhe J. Does brand equity play a role on doctors prescribing behavior in emerging markets? International Journal of Healthcare Management 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2017.1409954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Srivastava
- Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education, Mumbai, India
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Kumar SS, Srivastava RK. Determination of Acetaldehyde Content in Candesartan Cilexetil by HPLC. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Solanki P, Narayan M, Srivastava RK. Effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment using floating rafts a promising phyto-remedial approach: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.31018/jans.v9i4.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of wastewater will lead to the problems again, if we will not use new more efficient alternative technologies/methods to avoid drawback of old technologies. Loss of water can be reduced through application of easy, inexpensive and eco-friendly technologies for wastewater treatment. Using Floating rafts to purify polluted wastewater is a process/method of ecological restoration at in-situ, as well as a complicated physical (attachment of pollutants to the root surface), chemical (degradation of metals into less toxic form) and biological process (microbial processes). Its core is utilizing aquatic plants such as Canna and Water lily and root attached microbes such as bac-teria, fungi and algae to absorb pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, degrade organic matter and accumulates heavy metals in their biomass. Phytoremediation of polluted wastewater using the Floating rafts technique is an Eco-friendly method of wastewater treatment, which is economically effective to construct, requires little maintenance and increase the biodiversity as different types of plants are used. Floating rafts technique has been applied to some water pollution control projects at domestic and abroad. However, there are some factors such as plants, temperature, seasons, hydraulic retention time, coverage and initial concentration of pollutants etc. influenced to the pollutants removal efficiency of Floating rafts. In the future, the development orientation has been subjected to plant and its combinations, the transformation of Floating rafts structure and the utilization of aquatic plants, and probed the technology of Floating rafts building and management, to implement the win-win of landscape benefit and ecological function.
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Nandy SK, Srivastava RK. A review on sustainable yeast biotechnological processes and applications. Microbiol Res 2017; 207:83-90. [PMID: 29458873 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Yeast is very well known eukaryotic organism for its remarkable biodiversity and extensive industrial applications. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most widely used microorganisms in biotechnology with successful applications in the biochemical production. Biological conversion with the focus on the different utilization of renewable feedstocks into fuels and chemicals has been intensively investigated due to increasing concerns on sustainability issues worldwide. Compared with its counterparts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the baker's yeast, is more industrially relevant due to known genetic and physiological background, the availability of a large collection of genetic tools, the compatibility of high-density and large-scale fermentation, and optimize the pathway for variety of products. Therefore, S. cerevisiae is one of the most popular cell factories and has been successfully used in the modern biotech industry to produce a wide variety of products such as ethanol, organic acids, amino acids, enzymes, and therapeutic proteins. This study explores how different sustainable solutions used to overcome various environmental effects on yeast. This work targets a broad matrix of current advances and future prospect in yeast biotechnology and discusses their application and potential in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GIT, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, AP, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Srivastava
- Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education (SIMSREE), University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sadhna Wagh
- Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education (SIMSREE), University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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Srivastava RK, Wagh S. Study of consumers' perception towards pharmaceutical over-the-counter products in emerging markets – India. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2017.1297025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Srivastava
- Government of Maharashtra's Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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Srivastava RK, Kumar A. 773 Indian experience with patient safety in public health. Inj Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jana SK, Majumder S, Satpati B, Mishra SK, Srivastava RK, Banerjee S. Enhancement of photoluminescence emission and anomalous photoconductivity properties of Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell microspheres. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03686k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the successful synthesis of both pristine Fe3O4 and the Fe3O4@SiO2 core@shell structure. The Fe3O4@SiO2 core@shell sample shows enhanced photoluminescence compared to pristine Fe3O4, while reduced and negative photoconductivity is observed in the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Jana
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - S. Majumder
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - B. Satpati
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - S. K. Mishra
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
| | - R. K. Srivastava
- Department of Electronics and Communication
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - S. Banerjee
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
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Ramola S, Mishra T, Rana G, Srivastava RK. Characterization and pollutant removal efficiency of biochar derived from baggase, bamboo and tyre. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186:9023-9039. [PMID: 25287188 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of broad-spectrum organic waste into carbonaceous biochar has gained enormous interest in past few years. The present study aims to characterize feedstock (FS), i.e. bagasse (Bg), bamboo (Bm) and biochar (BC), i.e. baggase biochar (BBg), bamboo biochar (BBm) and tyre biochar (Ty). Significant changes in elemental composition, atomic ratio, proximate analyses, mineral content and heavy metal content were observed which was well supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Impregnation with ferric hydroxide was done, and resultant modified biochars (MBC), i.e. iron-impregnated baggase biochar (FeBBg), iron-impregnated bamboo biochar (FeBBm) and iron-impregnated tyre biochar (FeTy), along feedstock and biochar were used for PO4 (3-), Pb, Hg and Cu adsorption. In general, BBg, FeBBg, BBm, FeBBm, Ty and FeTy were found to adsorb PO4 (3-), Pb, Hg and Cu better than Bg and Bm, except in few cases. Results from adsorption experiments were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of isotherms and pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich models of kinetics. Result of batch study adsorption revealed that maximum adsorption of PO4 (3-), Pb, Hg and Cu was done by FeBBg (adsorption mechanism explained by Freundlich model), FeTy (Temkin model), Ty (Langmuir model) and BBm (Langmuir model) respectively. According to R (2) values, pseudo-first-order reaction was well suited to PO4 (3-), Pb, Hg and Cu adsorption. The optimum pH for maximum adsorption was observed to be 7.4 for PO4 (3-), 5 for Cu and 6 for Pb and Hg respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramola
- Department of Environmental Science, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India,
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Srivastava RK, Singh A, Srivastava GP, Lehri A, Niranjan A, Tewari SK, Kumar K, Kumar S. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Promising Aromatic Plant Nagarmotha ( Cyperus Scariosus R.Br.): A Review. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2014. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i3/55127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Srivastava RK, Rahman Q, Kashyap MP, Singh AK, Jain G, Jahan S, Lohani M, Lantow M, Pant AB. Nano-titanium dioxide induces genotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line, A549. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:153-66. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112462725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RK Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Q Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - MP Kashyap
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - AK Singh
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - G Jain
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S Jahan
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - M Lohani
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Lantow
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - AB Pant
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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Srivastava RK, Bachani D. Burden of NCDs, Policies and Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs in India. Indian J Community Med 2012; 36:S7-S12. [PMID: 22628916 PMCID: PMC3354897 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.94703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases and injuries account for 52% of deaths in India. Burden of noncommunicable diseases and resultant mortality is expected to increase unless massive efforts are made to prevent and control NCDs and their risk factors. Based on available evidence, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, mental disorders and trauma are the leading causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in India. Government of India had supported the States in prevention and control of NCDs through several vertical programs since 1980s. However, during the 11th plan, there was considerable upsurge to prevent and control NCDs. New programs were started on a low scale in limited number of districts. However, there has not been any considerable change in the burden of NCDs. Based on experiences in the past, there is need to emphasize on health promotion and preventive measures to reduce exposure to risk factors. Facilities and capacity for screening, early diagnosis and effective management are required within the public health care system. Public awareness program, integrated management and strong monitoring system would be required for successful implementation of the program and making services universally accessible in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Former Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India and Chairperson, Working Group on Disease Burden (NCD) for the 12 Plan, New Delhi, India
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Singh BK, Srivastava RK, Kumar SS, Dutta PK. Stability-indicative HPLC determination of donepezil hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kaur J, Sinha SK, Srivastava RK. Integration of tobacco cessation in general medical practice: need of the hour. J Indian Med Assoc 2011; 109:925-928. [PMID: 23469577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death and disability. Tobacco use causes almost one million deaths annually in India, which is much more than the combined mortality due to malaria/TB and HIV/AIDS. It is estimated to cause one billion deaths in the 21st century, eighty per cent of which will occur in the developing countries like India. Tobacco use is increasing in the country. Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2010, estimated that more than one-third of adults (35%) in the country use tobacco, out of which 21% use smokeless tobacco, 9% smoke and 5% use both. The prevalence of overall tobacco use among men was 47.9% and among women was 20.2%. Global Youth Tobacco Survey, India, 2009, estimate 14.6% of 13-15 years school going children use tobacco. There is urgent need for addressing the tobacco epidemic in India. Though effective interventions for tobacco cessation such as brief counselling, nicotine replacement therapy, non-nicotine pharmacotherapy are available, their use by general practitioners is restricted due to lack of adequate dissemination of information in their use. Use of these simple assessment tools and practice of these effective interventions by general medical and healthcare practitioners will go a long way in addressing the rising tobacco epidemic in India and making general healthcare more comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Kaur
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi 110011
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Banerjee T, Barman SC, Srivastava RK. Application of air pollution dispersion modeling for source-contribution assessment and model performance evaluation at integrated industrial estate-Pantnagar. Environ Pollut 2011; 159:865-875. [PMID: 21269747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Source-contribution assessment of ambient NO₂ concentration was performed at Pantnagar, India through simulation of two urban mathematical dispersive models namely Gaussian Finite Line Source Model (GFLSM) and Industrial Source Complex Model (ISCST-3) and model performances were evaluated. Principal approaches were development of comprehensive emission inventory, monitoring of traffic density and regional air quality and conclusively simulation of urban dispersive models. Initially, 18 industries were found responsible for emission of 39.11 kg/h of NO₂ through 43 elevated stacks. Further, vehicular emission potential in terms of NO₂ was computed as 7.1 kg/h. Air quality monitoring delineates an annual average NO₂ concentration of 32.6 μg/m³. Finally, GFLSM and ISCST-3 were simulated in conjunction with developed emission inventories and existing meteorological conditions. Models simulation indicated that contribution of NO₂ from industrial and vehicular source was in a range of 45-70% and 9-39%, respectively. Further, statistical analysis revealed satisfactory model performance with an aggregate accuracy of 61.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India.
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Varshney RK, Penmetsa RV, Dutta S, Kulwal PL, Saxena RK, Datta S, Sharma TR, Rosen B, Carrasquilla-Garcia N, Farmer AD, Dubey A, Saxena KB, Gao J, Fakrudin B, Singh MN, Singh BP, Wanjari KB, Yuan M, Srivastava RK, Kilian A, Upadhyaya HD, Mallikarjuna N, Town CD, Bruening GE, He G, May GD, McCombie R, Jackson SA, Singh NK, Cook DR. Pigeonpea genomics initiative (PGI): an international effort to improve crop productivity of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Mol Breed 2010; 26:393-408. [PMID: 20976284 PMCID: PMC2948155 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-009-9327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), an important food legume crop in the semi-arid regions of the world and the second most important pulse crop in India, has an average crop productivity of 780 kg/ha. The relatively low crop yields may be attributed to non-availability of improved cultivars, poor crop husbandry and exposure to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses in pigeonpea growing regions. Narrow genetic diversity in cultivated germplasm has further hampered the effective utilization of conventional breeding as well as development and utilization of genomic tools, resulting in pigeonpea being often referred to as an 'orphan crop legume'. To enable genomics-assisted breeding in this crop, the pigeonpea genomics initiative (PGI) was initiated in late 2006 with funding from Indian Council of Agricultural Research under the umbrella of Indo-US agricultural knowledge initiative, which was further expanded with financial support from the US National Science Foundation's Plant Genome Research Program and the Generation Challenge Program. As a result of the PGI, the last 3 years have witnessed significant progress in development of both genetic as well as genomic resources in this crop through effective collaborations and coordination of genomics activities across several institutes and countries. For instance, 25 mapping populations segregating for a number of biotic and abiotic stresses have been developed or are under development. An 11X-genome coverage bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library comprising of 69,120 clones have been developed of which 50,000 clones were end sequenced to generate 87,590 BAC-end sequences (BESs). About 10,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Sanger sequencing and ca. 2 million short ESTs by 454/FLX sequencing have been generated. A variety of molecular markers have been developed from BESs, microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR)-enriched libraries and mining of ESTs and genomic amplicon sequencing. Of about 21,000 SSRs identified, 6,698 SSRs are under analysis along with 670 orthologous genes using a GoldenGate SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping platform, with large scale SNP discovery using Solexa, a next generation sequencing technology, is in progress. Similarly a diversity array technology array comprising of ca. 15,000 features has been developed. In addition, >600 unique nucleotide binding site (NBS) domain containing members of the NBS-leucine rich repeat disease resistance homologs were cloned in pigeonpea; 960 BACs containing these sequences were identified by filter hybridization, BES physical maps developed using high information content fingerprinting. To enrich the genomic resources further, sequenced soybean genome is being analyzed to establish the anchor points between pigeonpea and soybean genomes. In addition, Solexa sequencing is being used to explore the feasibility of generating whole genome sequence. In summary, the collaborative efforts of several research groups under the umbrella of PGI are making significant progress in improving molecular tools in pigeonpea and should significantly benefit pigeonpea genetics and breeding. As these efforts come to fruition, and expanded (depending on funding), pigeonpea would move from an 'orphan legume crop' to one where genomics-assisted breeding approaches for a sustainable crop improvement are routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 India
- Genomics Towards Gene Discovery Subprogramme, Generation Challenge Program (GCP), c/o CIMMYT, Int APDO Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - R. V. Penmetsa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 354 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8680 USA
| | - S. Dutta
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - P. L. Kulwal
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University (PDAU), Krishinagar, Akola, Maharasthra 444 104 India
| | - R. K. Saxena
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 India
| | - S. Datta
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024 India
| | - T. R. Sharma
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - B. Rosen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 354 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8680 USA
| | - N. Carrasquilla-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 354 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8680 USA
| | - A. D. Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources (NCGR), 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA
| | - A. Dubey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 India
| | - K. B. Saxena
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 India
| | - J. Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 354 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8680 USA
| | - B. Fakrudin
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka 580005 India
| | - M. N. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - B. P. Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - K. B. Wanjari
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University (PDAU), Krishinagar, Akola, Maharasthra 444 104 India
| | - M. Yuan
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA
| | - R. K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 India
| | - A. Kilian
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, 1 Wilf Crane Crescent, Yarralumla, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - H. D. Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 India
| | - N. Mallikarjuna
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502324 India
| | - C. D. Town
- J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - G. E. Bruening
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 354 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8680 USA
| | - G. He
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA
| | - G. D. May
- National Center for Genome Resources (NCGR), 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA
| | - R. McCombie
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA
| | - S. A. Jackson
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 USA
| | - N. K. Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - D. R. Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 354 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8680 USA
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Satyawali Y, Pant D, Singh A, Srivastava RK. Treatment of rayon grade pulp drain effluent by upflow anaerobic fixed packed bed reactor (UAFPBR). J Environ Biol 2009; 30:667-672. [PMID: 20136046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Rayon grade pulp (RGP) drain effluent of pulp and paper mill was studied to find out pollutant loading and its control measures by low cost and efficient treatment method. Upflow anaerobic fixed packed bed reactor (UAFPBR) with brick ballasts as packing material was used for this purpose. This was compared with conventional anaerobic treatment method. The digested slurry was taken as inoculum from the active cow dung biogas plant. After stabilization of the reactors the reduction in pollutant loading was found to be higher in UAFPBR than conventional anaerobic reactor (CAR). Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hr was optimum for the treatment of effluent when 74.5% COD and 81% BOD reduction was obtained. 30% inoculum concentration was best for the anaerobic treatment of RGP colour drain effluent. The maximum biogas production (1.37 l l(-1) of effluent) was when the effluent was inoculated with 30% seeding material. Thus, UAFPBR system was very efficient in terms of BOD, COD, TSS and TDS removal from RGP drain of paper mills in ambient environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Satyawali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, India
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Srivastava RK, Kansal S, Tiwari VK, Piang L, Chand R, Nandan D. Assessment of utilization of RCH services and client satisfaction at different level of health facilities in Varanasi District. Indian J Public Health 2009; 53:183-189. [PMID: 20108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the various factors influencing utilization and non-utilization of RCH services and extent of client satisfaction. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during October to December 2008 at two selected blocks of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh. Principal study subjects were 509 women having children less than 12 months old, selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussions conducted among the beneficiaries of the services. RESULTS The study revealed that utilisation of the RCH services in the government facilities was higher among the backward classes than the general category; higher the level of education the lower was the utilisation of government services. Over all, 16% of the respondents were not satisfied with government facilities. 25% of the SC category was not satisfied with the services in spite of being the main users. Among RCH services utilization was highest (89%) for antenatal care services (ANC). 41.6% respondents did not receive any Post Natal Care (PNC) after their most recent birth. About 30% deliveries were at home out of which only 10% received PNC whereas out of 70% institutional deliveries about 80% received PNC. Overall 16.3 % of the respondents were not satisfied with the services provided by government health facilities. Around 16% and 14% were not satisfied with the behavior of medical officer and the health workers respectively and non-satisfaction was highest among SC category. CONCLUSION All health facilities need to be made functional according to Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) of NRHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi
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Srivastava RK, Sharma S, Verma S, Arora B, Lal H. Influence of diabetes on liver injury induced by antitubercular drugs and on silymarin hepatoprotection in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 30:731-7. [PMID: 19271021 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.10.1316824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide during short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis can result in liver injury. The coexistence of tuberculosis and diabetes is common in patients who receive inadequate treatment. The risk of hepatotoxicity from many toxicants is increased in diabetic rats. Silymarin provides protection against liver injury caused by many hepatotoxicants, including antitubercular drugs (ATDs). In the wake of increased severity of ATD-induced hepatotoxicity in diabetes we report here the results of a study on the influence of diabetes on silymarin hepatoprotection in rats. Rats with diabetes induced via intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (50 mg/kg), nondiabetic rats and insulin-treated diabetic rats received isoniazid (7.5 mg/kg/day), rifampicin (10 mg/kg/day) and pyrazinamide (35 mg/kg/day) orally (p.o.) with or without silymarin (100 mg/kg/day p.o.) treatment for 45 days. Compared to nondiabetic rats, liver function tests and histological changes of liver revealed exaggerated liver injury in diabetic rats caused by ATDs which was evident by 5- to 8-fold increases in serum levels of marker enzymes (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) and 1- to 2-fold increases in bilirubin accompanied by a 2-fold decrease in total serum proteins, intense fatty and inflammatory infiltrations, necrosis and fibrosis. Coadministration of silymarin provided protection against ATD hepatotoxicity in all animals. However, insulin-treated diabetic animals showed greater silymarin-induced hepatoprotection against ATD-induced liver injury, which was characterized by near normal levels of marker enzymes, an increase in total proteins and normal hepatic structure. These results thus indicate that diabetes exaggerates ATD-induced liver injury and attenuates silymarin-induced hepatoprotection. However, insulin treatment for diabetes offers greater silymarin-induced hepatoprotection against ATD-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Singh M, Chauhan DS, Gupta P, Das R, Srivastava RK, Upadhyay P, Singh P, Srivastava K, Faujdar J, Jaudaun GPS, Yadav VS, Sharma VD, Venkatesan K, Sachan S, Sachan P, Katoch K, Katoch VM. In vitro effect of fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Agra & Kanpur region of north India. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129:542-547. [PMID: 19675382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are important drugs used for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis and are also now being considered as first line drugs to shorten the duration of treatment of tuberculosis (TB). In order to find out useful FQs for treatment of tuberculosis, the comparative efficacy of five FQs, namely, ofloxacin (OFL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), sparfloxacin (SPX), gatifloxacin (GAT) and levofloxacin (LEVX) was studied against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates obtained from both treated and untreated patients from Agra and Kanpur regions of north India. METHODS A total of 162 MTB isolates [including 110 MTB isolates obtained from untreated patients (Cat-I) and 52 isolates from treated patients (Cat-II)] were tested for their susceptibilities to FQs using standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. RESULTS Keeping in view the therapeutically achievable drug levels, it was found that in Cat-I 97.2 per cent (107/110) isolates were sensitive to GAT, 89 per cent (98/110) to LEVX at 1 microg/ml whereas 92.7 per cent (102/110) isolates were inhibited by OFL at 2 microg/ml and 73.6 per cent (81/110) to SPX at 0.5 microg/ml. Only 63.6 per cent (70/110) isolates were found to be sensitive to CIP at 2 microg/ml which increased to 89 per cent (98/110) at 4 microg/ml (higher than achievable peak serum level). On the other hand, among 52 isolates for Cat-II, 37 (71.2%) were found to be sensitive to GAT and 33 (63.5%) to LEVX at 1 microg/ml concentration, 28 (53.8%) to SPX at 0.5 microg/ml whereas 33 (63.5%) and 24 (46.2%) isolates were found to be sensitive to OFL and CIP at 2 microg/ml, respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION It appears that GAT has higher activity against MTB isolates followed by OFL, LEVX and SPX whereas CIP showed the lowest activity. GAT was also found to be the most effective FQ against multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates both from Cat-I and Cat-II patients. Thus, except CIP, other FQs showed potential to be included in the treatment regimens of tuberculosis including MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mradula Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
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Abstract
Chronic diseases have become a major cause of global morbidity and mortality even in developing countries. The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in India cannot be assessed accurately. The approximate prevalence of CKD is 800 per million population (pmp), and the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is 150-200 pmp. The most common cause of CKD in population-based studies is diabetic nephropathy. India currently has 820+ nephrologists, 710+ hemodialysis units with 2,500+ dialysis stations and 4,800+ patients on CAPD. There are 172+ transplant centers, two-thirds of which are in South India and mostly privately run. Nearly 3,500 transplants are done annually, the total number of cadaver donors being approximately 700 till now. Thus, taken together, nearly 18,000-20,000 patients (10% of new ESRD cases) in India get renal replacement therapy. The cost of single hemodialysis varies between USD 15 and 40 with an additional cost of erythropoietin being USD 150-200/month. The cost of CAPD using a 'Y' set with 3 exchanges/week is USD 400/month. The cost of the transplant procedure in a state-run hospital is USD 800-1,000, and the cost of immunosuppression using tacrolimus, steroid and mycophenolate is USD 350-400/month. Until recently, the government did not recognize CKD/ESRD as a significant problem in India. However, some illustrious activities in relation to CKD brought attention of the media and policymakers to this very common but till now deprived group of diseases. On the one side the government has initiated a process by which it is planning to establish stand-alone hemodialysis units in the country to increase the facilities at an affordable cost, and on the transplant side it had launched a National Organ Transplant Program to facilitate transplantation on a national scale. Hemodialysis program is halfway to being implemented. Thus, in India there is still a long way to go with respect to CKD. Until then, in a country like India, screening of high-risk individuals for CKD and the risk factors is the best bet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Agarwal
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Kanaujia PK, Pardasani D, Gupta AK, Kumar R, Srivastava RK, Dubey DK. Extraction of acidic degradation products of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:98-104. [PMID: 17570378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of alkyl alkylphosphonic acids (AAPAs) and alkylphosphonic acids (APAs), the hydrolyzed products of nerve agents, constitutes an important aspect for verifying the compliance to the Chemical weapons convention (CWC). This work devotes on the development of solid-phase extraction method using polymeric mixed-mode strong anion-exchange (Oasis MAX) cartridges for extraction of AAPAs and APAs from water. The extracted analytes were analyzed by GC-MS under full scan and selected ion monitoring mode. The extraction efficiencies of MAX and silica-based anion-exchange cartridges were compared, and results revealed that MAX sorbents yielded better recoveries. Extraction parameters, such as loading capacity, extraction solvent, its volume, and washing solvent were optimized. Best recoveries were obtained using 1 mL of acidic methanol (0.1 M), and limits of detection could be achieved up to 5 x 10(-4) microg mL(-1) (in SIM) and 0.05 microg mL(-1) in full scan mode. The method was successfully employed for the detection and identification of alkylphosphonic acids present in soil sample sent by the Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in the official proficiency tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj K Kanaujia
- Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
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Tak V, Kanaujia PK, Pardasani D, Kumar R, Srivastava RK, Gupta AK, Dubey DK. Application of Doehlert design in optimizing the determination of degraded products of nerve agents by ion-pair liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:198-206. [PMID: 17568596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A qualitative method was developed for the determination of degraded products of nerve agents by using ion-pair liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (IP-LC-ESI-MS(n)). Generally, alkylphosphonic acids (APAs) and O-alkyl alkylphosphonic acids (AAPAs) give deprotonated molecular ion [M-H](-) in negative mode. Interestingly, first time we obtained the molecular radical anion [M](.-) of phosphonic acids in negative mode by using tri-n-butyl amine as an ion-pairing agent. We interpreted this observation as an indication of electrochemical reduction of phosphonic acids in electrospray needle. Three variables such as sheath gas flow, electrospray needle voltage and pH of the mobile phase were investigated to enhance the molecular radical anion [M](.-) signal of each analyte. The Doehlert design was used to obtain the region in which the optimum value of such variables is simultaneously achieved. Limit of detection achieved was 0.5 microg mL(-1) for AAPAs and 10 microg mL(-1) for APAs. Excellent precision was observed with less than 8.61% RSD. Finally, the method was applied for the detection of ethyl methylphosphonic in aqueous extract of soil sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Tak
- Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
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Srivastava RK. Personal effects. Can emotive marketing through relationships influence rational doctors' prescriptions? Mark Health Serv 2007; 27:29-32. [PMID: 18186452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Gutch PK, Srivastava RK, Sekhar K. Polymeric decontaminant 2 (N,N-dichloropolystyrene sulfonamide): Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy against simulant of sulfur mustard. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Parashar D, Srivastava RK, Chauhan DS, Sharma VD, Singh M, Lavania M, Chauhan A, Bhatia AK, Katoch VM. Characterization of mycobacteria isolated from bovines by PRA-targetting hsp 65 gene region. J Commun Dis 2006; 38:263-8. [PMID: 17373358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis is a major infectious disease of animals and has zoonotic importance for humans. Even though the incidence is believed to be very low in India, human tuberculosis caused by M. bovis has been increasingly recognized in many other countries of the world. As differentiation of mycobacterial species take long time, a method for the rapid identification of mycobacteria isolated from bovine samples to the species level was used, which is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the gene encoding for the 65-kD protein followed by restriction analysis. The method involves restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products obtained with primers common to all mycobacteria and generate M. tuberculosis complex specific pattern. PRA was performed on 33 bovine isolates of which 90.9% (30/33) isolates were identified clearly as M. tuberculosis complex, M. fortuitum, M. phlei and M. smegmatis using restriction enzyme Hae III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Parashar
- Deptt of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra 282001
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Tak V, Kanaujia PK, Pardasani D, Gupta AK, Palit M, Srivastava RK, Dubey DK. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectral analysis of oxidation products of precursors of sulfur mustards. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2006; 20:2387-94. [PMID: 16841356 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectral (ESI-MSn) analysis of thiodiglycol, bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)alkanes (BHETAs) and their mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraoxygenated compounds was carried out to obtain their characteristic spectra for ESI-MS analysis. These compounds are important markers of chemical warfare agents, namely sulfur mustards. ESI-MSn (n > or = 3) analysis of a compound by collisionally induced dissociation in an ion trap gives rise to mass spectra that are somewhat similar to electron ionization mass spectra. These ESI-MSn spectra can be used for compound identification. Under ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS the compounds mostly produced [M+NH4]+, [M+H]+ and [M+H--H2O]+ ions. Fragmentations of these even-electron precursors in the ion trap gave rise to characteristic product ions via neutral loss of O2, H2O, C2H4, HCHO, C2H4O, C2H4S, HSC2H4OH and C2H4SO. Fragmentation routes of these compounds are proposed that rationalize the formation of product ions in ESI-MSn analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Tak
- Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Dubey DK, Palit M, Gupta AK, Pardasani D, Shakya P, Srivastava RK. Study of electron ionization mass spectra of bis(trimethylsilyl) esters of alkylphosphonic and alkylthiophosphonic acids. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005; 19:1763-6. [PMID: 15909317 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Abstract
The risk of hypoglycemia and the resulting functional derangement of the brain are one of the major complications with stringently controlled diabetes mellitus. Ovarian steroid hormones, particularly estradiol, play a modulatory role in the ability of the female brain to utilize glucose. In the present study, the effects of estrogen on hypoglycemia-induced neurological impairment were done in ovariectomized rats. Animals received either vehicle or estradiol benzoate treatment. Hypoglycemia (Blood glucose levels <50 mg/dl) was induced in all the rats by insulin (2 U/kg, IP). Neurological functions were assessed using an 18 point scale at different time intervals of hypoglycemia. Estradiol benzoate (100 microg/kg IP) significantly (p<0.05) deteriorated the neurological functions in ovariectomized rats during hypoglycemia. The present study thus reveals that estradiol benzoate is responsible for further aggravation of neurological impairment induced by insulin hypoglycemia in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Willocquet L, Elazegui FA, Castilla N, Fernandez L, Fischer KS, Peng S, Teng PS, Srivastava RK, Singh HM, Zhu D, Savary S. Research priorities for rice pest management in tropical Asia: a simulation analysis of yield losses and management efficiencies. Phytopathology 2004; 94:672-682. [PMID: 18943898 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2004.94.7.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A simulation study was conducted to assess the current and prospective efficiency of rice pest management and develop research priorities for lowland production situations in tropical Asia. Simulation modeling with the RICEPEST model provided the flexibility required to address varying production situations and diverse pest profiles (bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, brown spot, leaf blast, neck blast, sheath rot, white heads, dead hearts, brown plant-hoppers, insect defoliators, and weeds). Operational definitions for management efficacy (injury reduction) and management efficiency (yield gain) were developed. This approach enabled the modeling of scenarios pertaining to different pest management strategies within the agroecological contexts of rice production and their associated pest injuries. Rice pests could be classified into two broad research priority-setting categories with respect to simulated yield losses and management efficiencies. One group, including weeds, sheath blight, and brown spot, consists of pests for which effective pest management tools need to be developed. The second group consists of leaf blast, neck blast, bacterial leaf blight, and brown plant-hoppers, for which the efficiency of current management methods is to be maintained. Simulated yield losses in future production situations indicated that a new type of rice plant with high-harvest index and high-biomass production ("New Plant Type") was more vulnerable to pests than hybrid rice. Simulations also indicated that the impact of deployment of host resistance (e.g., through genetic engineering) was much larger when targeted against sheath blight than when targeted against stem borers. Simulated yield losses for combinations of production situations and injury profiles that dominate current lowland rice production in tropical Asia ranged from 140 to 230 g m(-2). For these combinations, the simulated efficiency of current pest management methods, expressed in terms of relative yield gains, ranged from 0.38 to 0.74. Overall, the analyses indicated that 120 to 200 x 10(6) tons of grain yield are lost yearly to pests over the 87 x 10(6) ha of lowland rice in tropical Asia. This also amounts to the potential gain that future pest management strategies could achieve, if deployed.
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Abstract
Emissions of sulfur trioxide (SO3) are a key component of plume opacity and acid deposition. Consequently, these emissions need to be low enough to not cause opacity violations and acid deposition. Generally, a small fraction of sulfur (S) in coal is converted to SO3 in coal-fired combustion devices such as electric utility boilers. The emissions of SO3 from such a boiler depend on coal S content, combustion conditions, flue gas characteristics, and air pollution devices being used. It is well known that the catalyst used in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for nitrogen oxides control oxidizes a small fraction of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to SO3. The extent of this oxidation depends on the catalyst formulation and SCR operating conditions. Gas-phase SO3 and sulfuric acid, on being quenched in plant equipment (e.g., air preheater and wet scrubber), result in fine acidic mist, which can cause increased plume opacity and undesirable emissions. Recently, such effects have been observed at plants firing high-S coal and equipped with SCR systems and wet scrubbers. This paper investigates the factors that affect acidic mist production in coal-fired electric utility boilers and discusses approaches for mitigating emission of this mist.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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Chadha VK, Kumar P, Gupta J, Jagannatha PS, Magesh V, Jameel A, Sanjay S, Srivastava RK, Prasad N, Vaidyanathan PS. The annual risk of tuberculous infection in the eastern zone of India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8:537-44. [PMID: 15137528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Rural and urban areas of eight selected districts in the eastern zone of India. OBJECTIVES To estimate the annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI). STUDY DESIGN A community-based, cross-sectional tuberculin survey was conducted among children aged 1-9 years residing in a sample of rural and urban areas. Stratified two-stage cluster sampling was adopted for selection of rural and urban clusters. A total of 40964 children in 515 clusters underwent tuberculin testing and reading with 1TU PPD RT23 with Tween 80; the maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured about 72 h after the test. RESULTS A bacille Calmette-Gúerin (BCG) scar was observed in 51.5% of the test-read children. The frequency distribution of tuberculin reaction size among 19332 children without BCG scar was found to be bimodal, with the mode of reactions attributable to infection with tubercle bacilli at 20 mm. The prevalence of infection was estimated as 6.9%. The ARTI computed from the estimated prevalence was 1.3%. Children residing in the urban areas were found to be at a significantly higher risk of infection than those residing in rural areas. CONCLUSION The high rate of ARTI in the eastern zone of India suggests a need for committed, sustained action in provision of quality tuberculosis control services.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Chadha
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Srivastava RK, Verma S, Tandon M. Effect of insulin hypoglycemic stress on nociceptive responses to mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists at LH-surge in female rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 26:189-94. [PMID: 15148524 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2004.26.3.809725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In a randomized, prospective, controlled and crossover study, the effects of insulin hypoglycemic stress on nociceptive responses to mu- and kappa-opioid receptor directed drugs during steroid-induced preovulatory LH-surge were seen in ovariectomized female rats. Ovariectomized rats were equally distributed in two groups of 10. In group 1 rats, LH-surge was induced by sequential treatment with estradiol benzoate 7.5 micro g/rat s.c. and progesterone 5 mg/rat s.c., whereas in group 2 rats, vehicles of estradiol benzoate and progesterone were given in a sequential manner. A third group consisted of sham-operated rats, which received no treatment. Rats were exposed to insulin-induced hypoglycemic stress 1 h before the peak of LH-surge. Antinociceptive responses of morphine, buprenorphine and pentazocine were observed at peak LH-surge during hypoglycemic stress. Increased nociceptive responses to noxious stimulus and decreased percent maximal possible effect for morphine, buprenorphine and pentazocine at LH-surge were significantly (p < 0.01) reversed during insulin hypoglycemic stress. There was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the ED(50) values of morphine, buprenorphine and pentazocine during hypoglycemic stress. The present study indicates that insulin hypoglycemic stress is responsible for increased antinociceptive activities of morphine, buprenorphine and pentazocine and decreased sensitivity to noxious stimulus in ovariectomized rats with or without steroid-induced LH-surge.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Buprenorphine/administration & dosage
- Cross-Over Studies
- Female
- Hypoglycemia/blood
- Hypoglycemia/chemically induced
- Hypoglycemia/drug therapy
- Insulin/toxicity
- Luteinizing Hormone/blood
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Ovariectomy
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Pentazocine/administration & dosage
- Prospective Studies
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Stress, Physiological/blood
- Stress, Physiological/chemically induced
- Stress, Physiological/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Haryana, India.
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Bansal RK, Srivastava RK, Sharma V. Efforts to improve nutritional status in rural areas of Gujarat, India. Indian J Med Sci 2003; 57:319-20. [PMID: 12928560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Abstract
Coal-fired electricity-generating plants may use SO2 scrubbers to meet the requirements of Phase II of the Acid Rain SO2 Reduction Program. Additionally, the use of scrubbers can result in reduction of Hg and other emissions from combustion sources. It is timely, therefore, to examine the current status of SO2 scrubbing technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies for coal-fired boilers. Data on worldwide FGD applications reveal that wet FGD technologies, and specifically wet limestone FGD, have been predominantly selected over other FGD technologies. However, lime spray drying (LSD) is being used at the majority of the plants employing dry FGD technologies. Additional review of the U.S. FGD technology applications that began operation in 1991 through 1995 reveals that FGD processes of choice recently in the United States have been wet limestone FGD, magnesium-enhanced lime (MEL), and LSD. Further, of the wet limestone processes, limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) has been used most often in recent applications. The SO2 removal performance of scrubbers has been reviewed. Data reflect that most wet limestone and LSD installations appear to be capable of approximately 90% SO2 removal. Advanced, state-of-the-art wet scrubbers can provide SO2 removal in excess of 95%. Costs associated with state-of-the-art applications of LSFO, MEL, and LSD technologies have been analyzed with appropriate cost models. Analyses indicate that the capital cost of an LSD system is lower than those of same capacity LSFO and MEL systems, reflective of the relatively less complex hardware used in LSD. Analyses also reflect that, based on total annualized cost and SO2 removal requirements: (1) plants up to approximately 250 MWe in size and firing low- to medium-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or lower) may use LSD; and (2) plants larger than 250 MWe and firing medium- to high-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or higher) may use either LSFO or MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Srivastava
- Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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