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Fontebasso AM, Rytlewski JD, Blay JY, Gladdy RA, Wilky BA. Precision Oncology in Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:387-408. [PMID: 38401916 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), including gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), are mesenchymal neoplasms with heterogeneous clinical behavior and represent broad categories comprising multiple distinct biologic entities. Multidisciplinary management of these rare tumors is critical. To date, multiple studies have outlined the importance of biological characterization of mesenchymal tumors and have identified key molecular alterations which drive tumor biology. GIST has represented a flagship for targeted therapy in solid tumors with the advent of imatinib which has revolutionized the way we treat this malignancy. Herein, the authors discuss the importance of biological and molecular diagnostics in managing STS and GIST patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Fontebasso
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 700 University Avenue, 7th Floor, Ontario Power Generation Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health Systems, 600 University Avenue Room 6-445.10 Surgery, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Rytlewski
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69373 cedex 08. Lyon, France
| | - Rebecca A Gladdy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 700 University Avenue, 7th Floor, Ontario Power Generation Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health Systems, 600 University Avenue Room 6-445.10 Surgery, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Breelyn A Wilky
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Bi J, Witt E, Voltarelli VA, Feig VR, Venkatachalam V, Boyce H, McGovern M, Gutierrez WR, Rytlewski JD, Bowman KR, Rhodes AC, Cook AN, Muller BN, Smith MG, Ramos AR, Panchal H, Dodd RD, Henry MD, Mailloux A, Traverso G, Otterbein LE, Byrne JD. Low-Cost, High-Pressure-Synthesized Oxygen-Entrapping Materials to Improve Treatment of Solid Tumors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205995. [PMID: 36727291 PMCID: PMC10074083 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia drives resistance to many cancer therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods that increase tumor oxygen pressures, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and microbubble infusion, are utilized to improve the responses to current standard-of-care therapies. However, key obstacles remain, in particular delivery of oxygen at the appropriate dose and with optimal pharmacokinetics. Toward overcoming these hurdles, gas-entrapping materials (GeMs) that are capable of tunable oxygen release are formulated. It is shown that injection or implantation of these materials into tumors can mitigate tumor hypoxia by delivering oxygen locally and that these GeMs enhance responsiveness to radiation and chemotherapy in multiple tumor types. This paper also demonstrates, by comparing an oxygen (O2 )-GeM to a sham GeM, that the former generates an antitumorigenic and immunogenic tumor microenvironment in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Collectively the results indicate that the use of O2 -GeMs is promising as an adjunctive strategy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Gutierrez WR, Rytlewski JD, Scherer A, Roughton GA, Carnevale NC, Vyas KY, McGivney GR, Brockman QR, Knepper-Adrian V, Dodd RD. Loss of Nf1 and Ink4a/Arf Are Associated with Sex-Dependent Growth Differences in a Mouse Model of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1218-1232. [PMID: 36826025 PMCID: PMC9955904 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive form of cancer that accounts for half of all pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. Little progress has been made in improving survival outcomes over the past three decades. Mouse models of rhabdomyosarcoma are a critical component of translational research aimed at understanding tumor biology and developing new, improved therapies. Though several models exist, many common mutations found in human rhabdomyosarcoma tumors remain unmodeled and understudied. This study describes a new model of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma driven by the loss of Nf1 and Ink4a/Arf, two mutations commonly found in patient tumors. We find that this new model is histologically similar to other previously-published rhabdomyosarcoma models, although it substantially differs in the time required for tumor onset and in tumor growth kinetics. We also observe unique sex-dependent phenotypes in both primary and newly-developed orthotopic syngeneic allograft tumors that are not present in previous models. Using in vitro and in vivo studies, we examined the response to vincristine, a component of the standard-of-care chemotherapy for RMS. The findings from this study provide valuable insight into a new mouse model of rhabdomyosarcoma that addresses an ongoing need for patient-relevant animal models to further translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R. Gutierrez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Amanda Scherer
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Grace A. Roughton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nina C. Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Krisha Y. Vyas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gavin R. McGivney
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qierra R. Brockman
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Rebecca D. Dodd
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Gutierrez WR, Scherer A, Rytlewski JD, Laverty EA, Sheehan AP, McGivney GR, Brockman QR, Knepper-Adrian V, Roughton GA, Quelle DE, Gordon DJ, Monga V, Dodd RD. Augmenting chemotherapy with low-dose decitabine through an immune-independent mechanism. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159419. [PMID: 36227698 PMCID: PMC9746804 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine has classically been used to reactivate silenced genes and as a pretreatment for anticancer therapies. In a variation of this idea, this study explores the concept of adding low-dose decitabine (DAC) following administration of chemotherapy to bolster therapeutic efficacy. We find that addition of DAC following treatment with the chemotherapy agent gemcitabine improves survival and slows tumor growth in a mouse model of high-grade sarcoma. Unlike prior studies in epithelial tumor models, DAC did not induce a robust antitumor T cell response in sarcoma. Furthermore, DAC synergizes with gemcitabine independently of the immune system. Mechanistic analyses demonstrate that the combination therapy induces biphasic cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therapeutic efficacy was sequence dependent, with gemcitabine priming cells for treatment with DAC through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. This study identifies an apparently unique application of DAC to augment the cytotoxic effects of conventional chemotherapy in an immune-independent manner. The concepts explored in this study represent a promising paradigm for cancer treatment by augmenting chemotherapy through addition of DAC to increase tolerability and improve patient response. These findings have widespread implications for the treatment of sarcomas and other aggressive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R Gutierrez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Amanda Scherer
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Alexa P Sheehan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
| | - Gavin R McGivney
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Qierra R Brockman
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
| | | | | | - Dawn E Quelle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - David J Gordon
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
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McKinley TO, Natoli RM, Fischer JP, Rytlewski JD, Scofield DC, Usmani R, Kuzma A, Griffin KS, Jewell E, Childress P, Shively KD, Chu TMG, Anglen JO, Kacena MA. Internal Fixation Construct and Defect Size Affect Healing of a Translational Porcine Diaphyseal Tibial Segmental Bone Defect. Mil Med 2021; 186:e1115-e1123. [PMID: 33242094 PMCID: PMC8902946 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Porcine translational models have become the gold-standard translational tool to study the effects of major injury and hemorrhagic shock because of their similarity to the human immunologic response to trauma. Segmental bone defects (SBDs) typically occur in warfighters with associated severe limb trauma. The purpose of this study was to develop a translational porcine diaphyseal SBD model in Yucatan minipigs (YMPs), which could be used in bone healing investigations that simulate injury-relevant conditions. We were specifically working toward developing a critical sized defect (CSD). METHODS We used an adaptive experimental design in which both 25.0 mm and 40.0 mm SBDs were created in the tibial mid-diaphysis in skeletally mature YMPs. Initially, eight YMPs were subjected to a 25.0 mm SBD and treated with intramedullary nailing (intramedullary nail [IMN] 25mm). Due to unanticipated wound problems, we subsequently treated four specimens with identical 25.0 mm defect with dual plating (open reduction with internal fixation [ORIF] 25mm). Finally, a third group of four YMPs with 40.0 mm defects were treated with dual plating (ORIF 40mm). Monthly radiographs were made until sacrifice. Modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibia fractures (mRUST) measurements were made by three trauma-trained orthopedic surgeons. CT scans of the tibias were used to verify the union results. RESULTS At 4 months post-surgery, mean mRUST scores were 11.7 (SD ± 1.8) in the ORIF 25mm YMPs vs. 8.5 (SD ± 1.4) in the IMN 25mm YMPs (P < .0001). All four ORIF 25mm YMPs were clinically healed. In contrast, none of the IMN 25mm YMPs were clinically healed and seven of eight IMN 25mm YMPs developed delayed wound breakdown. All four of the ORIF 40mm YMPs had flail nonunions with complete hardware failure by 3 months after surgery and were sacrificed early. CT scanning confirmed that none of the IMN 25mm YMPs, none of the ORIF 40mm YMPs, and two of four ORIF 25mm YMPs were healed. A third ORIF 25mm specimen was nearly healed on CT scanning. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability interclass coefficients using the mRUST scale were 0.81 and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSIONS YMPs that had a 40 mm segment of bone removed from their tibia and were treated with dual plating did not heal and could be used to investigate interventions that accelerate bone healing. In contrast, a 25 mm SBD treated with dual plating demonstrated delayed but successful healing, indicating it can potentially be used to investigate bone healing adjuncts or conversely how concomitant injuries may impair bone healing. Pigs treated with IMN failed to heal and developed consistent delayed wound breakdown presumably secondary to chronic limb instability. The porcine YMP SBD model has the potential to be an effective translational tool to investigate bone healing under physiologically relevant injury conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd O McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Roman M Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - James P Fischer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rytlewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
| | - David C Scofield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rashad Usmani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Alexander Kuzma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kaitlyn S Griffin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Emily Jewell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Paul Childress
- Anagin Incorporated, Noyes Pavilion, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karl D Shively
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Rytlewski JD, Scalora N, Garcia K, Tanas M, Toor F, Miller B, Allen B, Milhem M, Monga V. Photodynamic Therapy Using Hippo Pathway Inhibitor Verteporfin: A Potential Dual Mechanistic Approach in Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040675. [PMID: 33567506 PMCID: PMC7915813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Advanced sarcomas have yet to undergo improved outcomes seen in other cancer subtypes. Verteporfin has the potential to show landmark change in sarcoma due to its anti-proliferative properties: inhibition of the Hippo pathway and as photodynamic therapy. The effect of verteporfin on the Hippo pathway is reviewed specifically in the setting of sarcoma due to increased activation of this pathway in multiple subtypes. Role and efficacy of photodynamic therapy in other malignancies is also reviewed, with additional discussion of preclinical studies demonstrating synergistic effects of photodynamic therapy within current sarcoma standard of care treatment. Future investigations of the feasibility of incorporating verteporfin into sarcoma treatment are discussed. Abstract Sarcoma is a widely varied and devastating oncological subtype, with overall five-year survival of 65% that drops to 16% with the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Standard of care for localized sarcomas is predicated on local control with wide-local resection and radiation therapy, or, less commonly, chemotherapy, depending on tumor subtype. Verteporfin has the potential to be incorporated into this standard of care due to its unique molecular properties: inhibition of the upregulated Hippo pathway that frequently drives soft tissue sarcoma and photodynamic therapy-mediated necrosis due to oxidative damage. The initial anti-proliferative effect of verteporfin is mediated via binding and dissociation of YAP/TEAD proteins from the nucleus, ultimately leading to decreased cell proliferation as demonstrated in multiple in vitro studies. This effect has the potential to be compounded with use of photodynamic therapy to directly induce cellular necrosis with use of a clinical laser. Photodynamic therapy has been incorporated into multiple malignancies and has the potential to be incorporated into sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Scalora
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.S.); (K.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Keith Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.S.); (K.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Munir Tanas
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.S.); (K.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Fatima Toor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa Technology Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Benjamin Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Bryan Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Varun Monga
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-3-193-849-497
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Scofield DC, Rytlewski JD, Childress P, Shah K, Tucker A, Khan F, Peveler J, Li D, McKinley TO, Chu TMG, Hickman DL, Kacena MA. Development of a step-down method for altering male C57BL/6 mouse housing density and hierarchical structure: Preparations for spaceflight studies. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2018; 17:44-50. [PMID: 29753413 PMCID: PMC6196723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was initiated as a component of a larger undertaking designed to study bone healing in microgravity aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Spaceflight experimentation introduces multiple challenges not seen in ground studies, especially with regard to physical space, limited resources, and inability to easily reproduce results. Together, these can lead to diminished statistical power and increased risk of failure. It is because of the limited space, and need for improved statistical power by increasing sample size over historical numbers, NASA studies involving mice require housing mice at densities higher than recommended in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, 2011). All previous NASA missions in which mice were co-housed, involved female mice; however, in our spaceflight studies examining bone healing, male mice are required for optimal experimentation. Additionally, the logistics associated with spaceflight hardware and our study design necessitated variation of density and cohort make up during the experiment. This required the development of a new method to successfully co-house male mice while varying mouse density and hierarchical structure. For this experiment, male mice in an experimental housing schematic of variable density (Spaceflight Correlate) analogous to previously established NASA spaceflight studies was compared to a standard ground based housing schematic (Normal Density Controls) throughout the experimental timeline. We hypothesized that mice in the Spaceflight Correlate group would show no significant difference in activity, aggression, or stress when compared to Normal Density Controls. Activity and aggression were assessed using a novel activity scoring system (based on prior literature, validated in-house) and stress was assessed via body weights, organ weights, and veterinary assessment. No significant differences were detected between the Spaceflight Correlate group and the Normal Density Controls in activity, aggression, body weight, or organ weight, which was confirmed by veterinary assessments. Completion of this study allowed for clearance by NASA of our bone healing experiments aboard the ISS, and our experiment was successfully launched February 19, 2017 on SpaceX CRS-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Scofield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rytlewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paul Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kishan Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aamir Tucker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jessica Peveler
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Todd O McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debra L Hickman
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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8
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Rytlewski JD, Childress PJ, Scofield DC, Khan F, Alvarez MB, Tucker AT, Harris JS, Peveler JL, Hickman DL, Chu TMG, Kacena MA. Cohousing Male Mice with and without Segmental Bone Defects. Comp Med 2018; 68:131-138. [PMID: 29663938 PMCID: PMC5897969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spaceflight results in bone loss like that associated with osteoporosis or decreased weight-bearing (for example, high-energy trauma such as explosive injuries and automobile accidents). Thus, the unique spaceflight laboratory on the International Space Station presents the opportunity to test bone healing agents during weightlessness. We are collaborating with NASA and the US Army to study bone healing in spaceflight. Given the unique constraints of spaceflight, study design optimization was required. Male mice were selected primarily because their femur is larger than females', allowing for more reproducible surgical outcomes. However, concern was raised regarding male mouse aggression. In addition, the original spaceflight study design included cohousing nonoperated control mice with mice that had undergone surgery to create a segmental bone defect. This strategy prompted the concern that nonoperated mice would exhibit aggressive behavior toward vulnerable operated mice. We hypothesized that operated and nonoperated male mice could be cohoused successfully when they were cagemates since birth and underwent identical anesthetic, analgesic, preoperative, and postoperative conditions. Using quantitative behavioral scoring, body weight, and organ weight analyses (Student t test and ANOVA), we found that nonoperated and operated C57BL/6 male mice could successfully be housed together. The male mice did not exhibit aggressive behavior toward cagemates, whether operated or nonoperated, and the mice did not show evidence of stress, as indicated by veterinary assessment, or change in body or proportional organ weights. These findings allowed our mission to proceed (launched February 2017) and may inform future surgical study designs, potentially increasing housing flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rytlewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul J Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David C Scofield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marta B Alvarez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aamir T Tucker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan S Harris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jessica L Peveler
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debra L Hickman
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,
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9
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Childress P, Brinker A, Gong CMS, Harris J, Olivos DJ, Rytlewski JD, Scofield DC, Choi SY, Shirazi-Fard Y, McKinley TO, Chu TMG, Conley CL, Chakraborty N, Hammamieh R, Kacena MA. Forces associated with launch into space do not impact bone fracture healing. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2018; 16:52-62. [PMID: 29475520 PMCID: PMC5828031 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Segmental bone defects (SBDs) secondary to trauma invariably result in a prolonged recovery with an extended period of limited weight bearing on the affected limb. Soldiers sustaining blast injuries and civilians sustaining high energy trauma typify such a clinical scenario. These patients frequently sustain composite injuries with SBDs in concert with extensive soft tissue damage. For soft tissue injury resolution and skeletal reconstruction a patient may experience limited weight bearing for upwards of 6 months. Many small animal investigations have evaluated interventions for SBDs. While providing foundational information regarding the treatment of bone defects, these models do not simulate limited weight bearing conditions after injury. For example, mice ambulate immediately following anesthetic recovery, and in most cases are normally ambulating within 1-3 days post-surgery. Thus, investigations that combine disuse with bone healing may better test novel bone healing strategies. To remove weight bearing, we have designed a SBD rodent healing study in microgravity (µG) on the International Space Station (ISS) for the Rodent Research-4 (RR-4) Mission, which launched February 19, 2017 on SpaceX CRS-10 (Commercial Resupply Services). In preparation for this mission, we conducted an end-to-end mission simulation consisting of surgical infliction of SBD followed by launch simulation and hindlimb unloading (HLU) studies. In brief, a 2 mm defect was created in the femur of 10 week-old C57BL6/J male mice (n = 9-10/group). Three days after surgery, 6 groups of mice were treated as follows: 1) Vivarium Control (maintained continuously in standard cages); 2) Launch Negative Control (placed in the same spaceflight-like hardware as the Launch Positive Control group but were not subjected to launch simulation conditions); 3) Launch Positive Control (placed in spaceflight-like hardware and also subjected to vibration followed by centrifugation); 4) Launch Positive Experimental (identical to Launch Positive Control group, but placed in qualified spaceflight hardware); 5) Hindlimb Unloaded (HLU, were subjected to HLU immediately after launch simulation tests to simulate unloading in spaceflight); and 6) HLU Control (single housed in identical HLU cages but not suspended). Mice were euthanized 28 days after launch simulation and bone healing was examined via micro-Computed Tomography (µCT). These studies demonstrated that the mice post-surgery can tolerate launch conditions. Additionally, forces and vibrations associated with launch did not impact bone healing (p = .3). However, HLU resulted in a 52.5% reduction in total callus volume compared to HLU Controls (p = .0003). Taken together, these findings suggest that mice having a femoral SBD surgery tolerated the vibration and hypergravity associated with launch, and that launch simulation itself did not impact bone healing, but that the prolonged lack of weight bearing associated with HLU did impair bone healing. Based on these findings, we proceeded with testing the efficacy of FDA approved and novel SBD therapies using the unique spaceflight environment as a novel unloading model on SpaceX CRS-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cynthia-May S Gong
- KBR Wyle Laboratory and Division of Space Biology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Harris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David J Olivos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rytlewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David C Scofield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sungshin Y Choi
- KBR Wyle Laboratory and Division of Space Biology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- KBR Wyle Laboratory and Division of Space Biology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Todd O McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Carolynn L Conley
- Department of Defense Space Test Program, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- Geneva Foundation, Fredrick, MD, United States; US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fredrick, MD, United States
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fredrick, MD, United States
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 W. Michigan St, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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10
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Khan F, Sandelski MM, Rytlewski JD, Lamb J, Pedro C, Adjei MBN, Lunsford S, Fischer JP, Wininger AE, Whipple EC, Loder RT, Kacena MA. Bibliometric analysis of authorship trends and collaboration dynamics over the past three decades of BONE's publication history. Bone 2018; 107:27-35. [PMID: 29100955 PMCID: PMC5743580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The existence of a gender gap in academia has been a hotly debated topic over the past several decades. It has been argued that due to the gender gap, it is more difficult for women to obtain higher positions. Manuscripts serve as an important measurement of one's accomplishments within a particular field of academia. Here, we analyzed, over the past 3 decades, authorship and other trends in manuscripts published in BONE, one of the premier journals in the field of bone and mineral metabolism. For this study, one complete year of manuscripts was evaluated (e.g. 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015) for each decade. A bibliometric analysis was then performed of authorship trends for those manuscripts. Analyzed fields included: average number of authors per manuscript, numerical position of the corresponding author, number of institutions collaborating on each manuscript, number of countries involved with each manuscript, number of references, and number of citations per manuscript. Each of these fields increased significantly over the 30-year time frame (p<10-6). The gender of both the first and corresponding authors was identified and analyzed over time and by region. There was a significant increase in the percentage of female first authors from 23.4% in 1985 to 47.8% in 2015 (p=0.001). The percentage of female corresponding authors also increased from 21.2% in 1985 to 35.4% in 2015 although it was not significant (p=0.07). With such a substantial emphasis being placed on publishing in academic medicine, it is crucial to comprehend the changes in publishing characteristics over time and geographical region. These findings highlight authorship trends in BONE over time as well as by region. Importantly, these findings also highlight where challenges still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Morgan M Sandelski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rytlewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer Lamb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina Pedro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael B N Adjei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shatoria Lunsford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James P Fischer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Austin E Wininger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Whipple
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Randall T Loder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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