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Ho CJ, Calderon-Delgado M, Lin MY, Tjiu JW, Huang SL, Chen HH. Classification of squamous cell carcinoma from FF-OCT images: Data selection and progressive model construction. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 93:101992. [PMID: 34626908 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the speed and performance of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) classification from full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) images based on the convolutional neural network (CNN). Due to the unique characteristics of SCC features, the high variety of CNN, and the high volume of our 3D FF-OCT dataset, progressive model construction is a time-consuming process. To address the issue, we develop a training strategy for data selection that makes model training 16 times faster by exploiting the dependency between images and the knowledge of SCC feature distribution. The speedup makes progressive model construction computationally feasible. Our approach further refines the regularization, channel attention, and optimization mechanism of SCC classifier and improves the accuracy of SCC classification to 87.12% at the image level and 90.10% at the tomogram level. The results are obtained by testing the proposed approach on an FF-OCT dataset with over one million mouse skin images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jui Ho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Manuel Calderon-Delgado
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Homer H Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Ho CJ, Calderon-Delgado M, Chan CC, Lin MY, Tjiu JW, Huang SL, Chen HH. Detecting mouse squamous cell carcinoma from submicron full-field optical coherence tomography images by deep learning. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202000271. [PMID: 32888382 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The standard medical practice for cancer diagnosis requires histopathology, which is an invasive and time-consuming procedure. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an alternative that is relatively fast, noninvasive, and able to capture three-dimensional structures of epithelial tissue. Unlike most previous OCT systems, which cannot capture crucial cellular-level information for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) diagnosis, the full-field OCT (FF-OCT) technology used in this paper is able to produce images at sub-micron resolution and thereby facilitates the development of a deep learning algorithm for SCC detection. Experimental results show that the SCC detection algorithm can achieve a classification accuracy of 80% for mouse skin. Using the sub-micron FF-OCT imaging system, the proposed SCC detection algorithm has the potential for in-vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jui Ho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Manuel Calderon-Delgado
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Cheng Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Homer H Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Chang CK, Tsai CC, Hsu WY, Chen JS, Liao YH, Sheen YS, Hong JB, Lin MY, Tjiu JW, Huang SL. Segmentation of nucleus and cytoplasm of a single cell in three-dimensional tomogram using optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:36003. [PMID: 28253377 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.036003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A random rayburst sampling (RRBS) framework was developed to detect the nucleus and cell membrane boundaries in three-dimensional (3-D) space. Raw images were acquired through a full-field optical coherence tomography system with submicron resolution—i.e., 0.8 ?? ? m in lateral and 0.9 ?? ? m in axial directions. The near-isometric resolution enables 3-D segmentation of a nucleus and cell membrane for determining the volumetric nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio of a single cell. The RRBS framework was insensitive to the selection of seeds and image pixel noise. The robustness of the RRBS framework was verified through the convergence of the N/C ratio searching algorithm. The relative standard deviation of the N/C ratio between different randomly selected seed sets was only 2%. This technique is useful for various in vitro assays on single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Kai Chang
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Tsai
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Hsu
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Shiuh Chen
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuan Sheen
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bon Hong
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Chang CK, Tsai CC, Hsu WY, Chen JS, Liao YH, Sheen YS, Hong JB, Lin MY, Tjiu JW, Huang SL. Errata: Segmentation of nucleus and cytoplasm of a single cell in three-dimensional tomogram using optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:39801. [PMID: 28300273 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.039801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Kai Chang
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Tsai
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Hsu
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Shiuh Chen
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuan Sheen
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bon Hong
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- National Taiwan University, Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsai CC, Chang CK, Hsu KY, Ho TS, Lin MY, Tjiu JW, Huang SL. Full-depth epidermis tomography using a Mirau-based full-field optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:3001-10. [PMID: 25401013 PMCID: PMC4230872 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With a Gaussian-like broadband light source from high brightness Ce(3+):YAG single-clad crystal fiber, a full-field optical coherence tomography using a home-designed Mirau objective realized high quality images of in vivo and excised skin tissues. With a 40 × silicone-oil-immersion Mirau objective, the achieved spatial resolutions in axial and lateral directions were 0.9 and 0.51 μm, respectively. Such a high spatial resolution enables the separation of lamellar structure of the full epidermis in both the cross-sectional and en face planes. The number of layers of stratum corneum and its thickness were quantitatively measured. This label free and non-invasive optical probe could be useful for evaluating the water barrier of skin tissue in clinics. As a preliminary in vivo experiment, the blood vessel in dermis was also observed, and the flowing of the red blood cells and location of the melanocyte were traced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Shu Ho
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Lai CC, Gao WT, Nguyen DH, Ma YR, Cheng NC, Wang SC, Tjiu JW, Huang CM. Toward single-mode active crystal fibers for next-generation high-power fiber devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:13928-13936. [PMID: 25077733 DOI: 10.1021/am503330m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of a facile approach with controlled geometry for the production of crystal-core ceramic-clad hybrid fibers for scaling fiber devices to high average powers. The process consists of dip coating a solution of polycrystalline alumina onto a high-crystallinity 40-μm-diameter Ti:sapphire single-crystalline core followed by thermal treatments. Comparison of the measured refractive index with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that a Ca/Si-rich intragranular layer is precipitated at grain boundaries by impurity segregation and liquid-phase formation due to the relief of misfit strain energy in the Al2O3 matrix, slightly perturbing the refractive index and hence the optical properties. Additionally, electron backscatter diffractions supply further evidence that the Ti:sapphire single-crystalline core provides the template for growth into a sacrificial polycrystalline cladding, bringing the core and cladding into a direct bond. The thus-prepared doped crystal core with the undoped crystal cladding was achieved through the abnormal grain-growth process. The presented results provide a general guideline both for controlling crystal growth and for the performance of hybrid materials and provides insights into how one might design single-mode high-power crystal fiber devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Lai
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University , Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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Su JW, Hsu WC, Tjiu JW, Chiang CP, Huang CW, Sung KB. Investigation of influences of the paraformaldehyde fixation and paraffin embedding removal process on refractive indices and scattering properties of epithelial cells. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:75007. [PMID: 25069007 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.075007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The scattering properties and refractive indices (RI) of tissue are important parameters in tissue optics. These parameters can be determined from quantitative phase images of thin slices of tissue blocks. However, the changes in RI and structure of cells due to fixation and paraffin embedding might result in inaccuracies in the estimation of the scattering properties of tissue. In this study, three-dimensional RI distributions of cells were measured using digital holographic microtomography to obtain total scattering cross sections (TSCS) of the cells based on the first-order Born approximation. We investigated the slight loss of dry mass and drastic shrinkage of cells due to paraformaldehyde fixation and paraffin embedding removal processes. We propose a method to compensate for the correlated changes in volume and RI of cells. The results demonstrate that the TSCS of live cells can be estimated using restored cells. The percentage deviation of the TSCS between restored cells and live cells was only −8%. Spatially resolved RI and scattering coefficients of unprocessed oral epithelium ranged from 1.35 to 1.39 and from 100 to 450 cm−1, respectively, estimated from paraffinembedded oral epithelial tissue after restoration of RI and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Su
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hsu
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Dentistry, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Huang
- National Taiwan University, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Bin Sung
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei 10617, TaiwaneNational Taiwan University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Taipei 10617, TaiwanfNational Taiwan University, Molecular Imaging Center, Taipei 10
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Lai CC, Cheng NC, Wang CK, Tjiu JW, Lin MY, Huang SY. Simple and efficient defect-tailored fiber-based UV-VIS broadband white light generation. Opt Express 2013; 21:14606-14617. [PMID: 23787648 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.014606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a facile approach for ultraviolet-visible broadband generation from a sapphire crystal core-borosilicate glass cladding hybrid fiber using a laser-heated pedestal growth technique. Considerable formation of F- and F(2)-type color emitters is effectively facilitated by Ti(4+) ions and Al(3+) vacancies, retaining efficient luminescence and high crystallinity of the sapphire core. These color centers intensify the ultraviolet, blue, and green emissions at 370, 450, and 540 nm, whereas the 650-nm red emission is contributed by Cr(3+) in the octahedral sites of the corundum structure. Over 1-mW white light with an optical-to-optical efficiency of up to nearly 5% and 1931 Commission International de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of (0.287, 0.333) is achieved under 325-nm excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Lai
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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Cheng NC, Hsieh TH, Wang YT, Lai CC, Chang CK, Lin MY, Huang DW, Tjiu JW, Huang SL. Cell death detection by quantitative three-dimensional single-cell tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:2111-20. [PMID: 23024905 PMCID: PMC3447553 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UR-OCT) has been used for the first time to our knowledge to study single-cell basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in vitro. This noninvasive, in situ, label-free technique with deep imaging depth enables three-dimensional analysis of scattering properties of single cells with cellular spatial resolution. From three-dimensional UR-OCT imaging, live and dead BCC cells can be easily identified based on morphological observation. We developed a novel method to automatically extract characteristic parameters of a single cell from data volume, and quantitative comparison and parametric analysis were performed. The results demonstrate the capability of UR-OCT to detect cell death at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ta Wang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Wei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu CF, Huang CS, Tjiu JW, Chiang CP. Infiltrating macrophage count: a significant predictor for the progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan. Head Neck 2010; 32:18-25. [PMID: 19484765 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infiltrating macrophage count (IMC) is found to correlate with the progression and prognosis of many human cancers. METHODS This study used immunohistochemistry to measure the IMC (macrophages/high-power field [HPF]) in 92 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). RESULTS A significantly increased IMC was found in OSCCs with larger tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, more advanced clinical stages, or recurrence (all ps < .05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that OSCC patients with IMC >196 macrophages/HPF had a significantly shorter disease-free (p = .001, log-rank test) or overall survival (p < .001, log-rank test) than OSCC patients with IMC <196 macrophages/HPF. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that IMC >196 macrophages/HPF was an independent predictor for poor disease-free (p = .005) and overall survival of patients with OSCC (p = .015). CONCLUSIONS The IMC can predict the progression and prognosis of OSCCs in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fang Lu
- Department of Periodontics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tjiu JW, Chen JS, Shun CT, Lin SJ, Liao YH, Chu CY, Tsai TF, Chiu HC, Dai YS, Inoue H, Yang PC, Kuo ML, Jee SH. Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Induced Invasion and Angiogenesis of Human Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells by Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1016-25. [PMID: 18843292 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu JJ, Su YN, Hsiao CH, Jee SH, Tjiu JW, Chen JS. Macular amyloidosis presenting in an incontinentia pigmenti-like pattern with subepidermal blister formation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:635-7. [PMID: 18410631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Tjiu JW, Hsiao CH. Blastic Natural Killer-Cell Lymphoma Presenting in the Skin. Tzu Chi Med J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1016-3190(10)60012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Tjiu JW, Liao YH, Lin SJ, Huang YL, Tsai WL, Chu CY, Kuo ML, Jee SH. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in human basal cell carcinoma cell line increases antiapoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1143-51. [PMID: 16528365 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is critical for tumor formation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and prognosis. In this study, the role of COX-2 in antiapoptosis, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis of human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cells was investigated. Transfection of COX-2 constitutive expression vector into a BCC cell line yielded several overexpressing clones. All transfectants demonstrated remarkable resistance to ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis (confirmed by flow cytometry analysis, morphological change, and DNA fragmentation). Immunoblot analysis revealed marked increases in apoptosis-regulated genes Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. A 10-fold concentrated conditioned medium from COX-2-overexpressing BCC cells exhibited higher angiogenic activity in Matrigel plug and human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation assay. Cells exhibited increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) mRNA and protein, and secreted VEGF-A and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). COX-2-specific small interfering RNA markedly reduced the secreted species. After 7 weeks of inoculation, the tumor volume of COX-2-overexpressing cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice was significantly greater than that of vector control cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD31-positive vessels revealed a two-fold increase in microvessel density in COX-2 tumors, compared to control vector tumors. Our data indicate that Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, as well as VEGF-A and bFGF, are downstream effectors of COX-2-induced antiapoptosis and angiogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin SJ, Lo W, Tan HY, Chan JY, Chen WL, Wang SH, Sun Y, Lin WC, Chen JS, Hsu CJ, Tjiu JW, Yu HS, Jee SH, Dong CY. Prediction of heat-induced collagen shrinkage by use of second harmonic generation microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2006; 11:34020. [PMID: 16822069 DOI: 10.1117/1.2209959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Collagen shrinkage associated with denaturation from thermal treatment has a number of important clinical applications. However, individualized treatment is hindered by the lack of reliable noninvasive methods to monitor the process of collagen denaturation. We investigate the serial changes of collagen denaturation from thermal treatment of rat tail tendons at 58 degrees C by use of second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. We find that rat tail tendon shrinks progressively from 0 to 9 min of thermal treatment, and remains unchanged in length upon further thermal treatment. The SHG intensity also decreases from 0 to 9 min of thermal treatment and becomes barely detectable from further thermal treatment. Collagen shrinkage and the SHG intensity are well correlated in a linear model. In addition, SHG imaging reveals a tiger-tail-like pattern of collagen denaturation. The bands of denatured collagen progressively widen from increased thermal treatment and completely replace the adjacent bands of normal collagen after 9 min of thermal treatment. Our results show that collagen denaturation in rat tail tendon from thermal treatment is inhomogeneous, and that SHG intensity can be used to predict the degree of thermally induced collagen shrinkage. With additional development, this approach has the potential to be used in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jan Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Taipei
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Abstract
Contact dermatitis simulating erythema multiforme can be caused by many allergens. The chemical agent 1,2-ethanedithiol, which serves as a protective group in chemical synthesis, has hitherto only been implicated as an irritant. We report on a 22-year-old female chemistry student who developed widespread erythema multiforme-like lesions after local contact with 1,2-ethanedithiol. Many target lesions were observed bilaterally on her hands, forearms, arms, and on her forehead. One such lesion was histologically compatible with erythema multiforme. The patient had a positive patch test to 1,2-ethanedithiol, whereas none of 30 healthy subjects showed a positive reaction. However, eight of the 30 controls (26.7%) developed irritant reactions to 1,2-ethanedithiol. Cautious handling of the compound is a prudent precaution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Tjiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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