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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GDP, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Lima RR, Lamers ML, Le Blond J, Crespo-Lopez ME. Salivary biomarkers and neuropsychological outcomes: A non-invasive approach to investigate pollutants-associated neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in vulnerable populations. Environ Res 2021; 200:111432. [PMID: 34062204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of neurotoxicity caused by xenobiotics such as pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, organophosphates, pyrethroids, etc.) or metals (mercury, lead, aluminum, arsenic, etc.) is a growing concern around the world, particularly in vulnerable populations with difficulties on both detection and symptoms treatment, due to low economic status, remote access, poor infrastructure, and low educational level, among others features. Despite the numerous molecular markers and questionnaires/clinical evaluations, studying neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in these populations faces problems with samples collection and processing, and information accuracy. Assessing cognitive changes caused by neurotoxicity, especially those that are subtle in the initial stages, is fundamentally challenging. Finding accurate, non-invasive, and low-cost strategies to detect the first signals of brain injury has the potential to support an accelerated development of the research with these populations. Saliva emerges as an ideal pool of biomarkers (with interleukins and neural damage-related proteins, among others) and potential alternative diagnostic fluid to molecularly investigate neurotoxicity. As a source of numerous neurological biomarkers, saliva has several advantages compared to blood, such as easier storage, requires less manipulation, and the procedure is cheaper, safer and well accepted by patients compared with drawing blood. Regarding cognitive dysfunction, neuropsychological batteries represent, with their friendly interface, a feasible and accurate method to evaluate the eventual cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity in people from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. The association of these two tools, saliva and neuropsychological batteries, to cover the molecular and cognitive aspects of neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations, could potentially increase the prevalence of early intervention and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Smpokou ET, González-Quiroz M, Martins C, Alvito P, Le Blond J, Glaser J, Aragón A, Wesseling C, Nitsch D, Pearce N, Norman J, Lindh CH, Morton J, Caplin B. Environmental exposures in young adults with declining kidney function in a population at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:920-926. [PMID: 31562235 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an epidemic of Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) in Central America, where sugarcane production is prominent. Numerous causes are proposed, but to date limited evidence supports any one hypothesis. A nested case-control study using biosamples from a rural, community-based follow-up study of 350 young adults from Northwest Nicaragua at risk of MeN was conducted with the aim of characterising the associations between urinary concentrations of metals, pesticides and mycotoxins from samples collected in the first 6 months and decline in kidney function over 2 years. METHODS Urine samples collected at baseline (pre-sugarcane harvest) and the first 6 month follow-up (post-sugarcane harvest) visit were tested. Twelve metals and metalloids (aluminium, total arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, silicon and strontium) were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Twelve pesticides or their metabolites (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, ethylenethiourea, glyphosate, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid, 3-hydroxy-pyrimetanil, 5-hydroxytiabendazole, hydroxy-tebuconazole and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) and two mycotoxins (ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT)) were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled-mass spectrometry. Differences in the creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of the measured exposures between outcome groups (participants with stable vs declining kidney function) were examined. RESULTS Elevated levels of aluminium and total arsenic as well as metabolites of several pesticides were detected across the population. No differences were identified between the declining and stable groups in the levels of metals or pesticides tested. OTA and CIT were below the limit of detection. CONCLUSIONS The tested metals, metalloids, pesticides and mycotoxins were not associated with loss of kidney function in participants at-risk of MeN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marvin González-Quiroz
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Carla Martins
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal.,Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Alvito
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal.,Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Jason Glaser
- Executive, La Isla Network, Ada, Michigan, USA.,Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aurora Aragón
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Catharina Wesseling
- Executive, La Isla Network, Ada, Michigan, USA.,Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Global NCDs, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jill Norman
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jackie Morton
- HSE Science and Research Centre, Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - Ben Caplin
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Gonzalez-Quiroz M, Smpokou ET, Silverwood RJ, Camacho A, Faber D, Garcia BLR, Oomatia A, Hill M, Glaser J, Le Blond J, Wesseling C, Aragon A, Smeeth L, Pearce N, Nitsch D, Caplin B. Decline in Kidney Function among Apparently Healthy Young Adults at Risk of Mesoamerican Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2200-2212. [PMID: 29907699 PMCID: PMC6065092 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemic levels of CKD of undetermined cause, termed Mesoamerican nephropathy in Central America, have been found in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the natural history of, and factors associated with, loss of kidney function in a population at high risk for this disease.Methods We conducted a 2-year prospective, longitudinal study with follow-up every 6 months in nine rural communities in northwestern Nicaragua and included all men (n=263) and a random sample of women (n=87) ages 18-30 years old without self-reported CKD, diabetes, or hypertension. We used growth mixture modeling to identify subgroups of eGFR trajectory and weighted multinomial logistic regression to examine associations with proposed risk factors.Results Among men, we identified three subpopulations of eGFR trajectory (mean baseline eGFR; mean eGFR change over follow-up): 81% remained stable (116 ml/min per 1.73 m2; -0.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year), 9.5% experienced rapid decline despite normal baseline function (112 ml/min per 1.73 m2; -18.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year), and 9.5% had baseline dysfunction (58 ml/min per 1.73 m2; -3.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year). Among women: 96.6% remained stable (121 ml/min per 1.73 m2; -0.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year), and 3.4% experienced rapid decline (132 ml/min per 1.73 m2; -14.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; n=3 women). Among men, outdoor and agricultural work and lack of shade availability during work breaks, reported at baseline, were associated with rapid decline.Conclusions Although Mesoamerican nephropathy is associated with agricultural work, other factors may also contribute to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Gonzalez-Quiroz
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León, Leon, Nicaragua; Departments of
- Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology and
- Centre for Nephrology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard J Silverwood
- Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Camacho
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León, Leon, Nicaragua; Departments of
| | | | - Brenda La Rosa Garcia
- Centre for Nephrology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Oomatia
- Centre for Nephrology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hill
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer Le Blond
- Royal School of Mines, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Catharina Wesseling
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurora Aragon
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León, Leon, Nicaragua; Departments of
| | | | - Neil Pearce
- Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology and
- Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ben Caplin
- Centre for Nephrology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom;
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González-Quiroz M, Camacho A, Faber D, Aragón A, Wesseling C, Glaser J, Le Blond J, Smeeth L, Nitsch D, Pearce N, Caplin B. Rationale, description and baseline findings of a community-based prospective cohort study of kidney function amongst the young rural population of Northwest Nicaragua. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:16. [PMID: 28086816 PMCID: PMC5237152 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An epidemic of Mesoamerican Nephropathy (MeN) is killing thousands of agricultural workers along the Pacific coast of Central America, but the natural history and aetiology of the disease remain poorly understood. We have recently commenced a community-based longitudinal study to investigate Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Nicaragua. Although logistically challenging, study designs of this type have the potential to provide important insights that other study designs cannot. In this paper we discuss the rationale for conducting this study and summarize the findings of the baseline visit. Methods The baseline visit of the community-based cohort study was conducted in 9 communities in the North Western Nicaragua in October and November 2014. All of the young men, and a random sample of young women (aged 18–30) without a pre-existing diagnosis of CKD were invited to participate. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated with CKD-EPI equation, along with clinical measurements, questionnaires, biological and environmental samples to evaluate participants’ exposures to proposed risk factors for MeN. Results We identified 520 young adults (286 males and 234 females) in the 9 different communities. Of these, 16 males with self-reported CKD and 5 females with diagnoses of either diabetes or hypertension were excluded from the study population. All remaining 270 men and 90 women, selected at random, were then invited to participate in the study; 350 (97%) agreed to participate. At baseline, 29 (11%) men and 1 (1%) woman had an eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion Conducting a community based study of this type requires active the involvement of communities and commitment from local leaders. Furthermore, a research team with strong links to the area and broad understanding of the context of the problem being studied is essential. The key findings will arise from follow-up, but it is striking that 5% of males under aged 30 had to be excluded because of pre-existing kidney disease, and that despite doing so 11% of males had an eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-016-0422-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin González-Quiroz
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment (CISTA), National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León (UNAN-León), Campus Médico, Facultad de Ciencias Médica, Edificio C (CISTA), León, Nicaragua. .,Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. .,Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, London, UK.
| | - Armando Camacho
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment (CISTA), National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León (UNAN-León), Campus Médico, Facultad de Ciencias Médica, Edificio C (CISTA), León, Nicaragua
| | | | - Aurora Aragón
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment (CISTA), National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at León (UNAN-León), Campus Médico, Facultad de Ciencias Médica, Edificio C (CISTA), León, Nicaragua
| | - Catharina Wesseling
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre for Global NCDs, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ben Caplin
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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Kamel Boulos MN, Le Blond J. On the road to personalised and precision geomedicine: medical geology and a renewed call for interdisciplinarity. Int J Health Geogr 2016; 15:5. [PMID: 26819075 PMCID: PMC4730661 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-016-0033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our health depends on where we currently live, as well as on where we have lived in the past and for how long in each place. An individual's place history is particularly relevant in conditions with long latency between exposures and clinical manifestations, as is the case in many types of cancer and chronic conditions. A patient's geographic history should routinely be considered by physicians when diagnosing and treating individual patients. It can provide useful contextual environmental information (and the corresponding health risks) about the patient, and should thus form an essential part of every electronic patient/health record. Medical geology investigations, in their attempt to document the complex relationships between the environment and human health, typically involve a multitude of disciplines and expertise. Arguably, the spatial component is the one factor that ties in all these disciplines together in medical geology studies. In a general sense, epidemiology, statistical genetics, geoscience, geomedical engineering and public and environmental health informatics tend to study data in terms of populations, whereas medicine (including personalised and precision geomedicine, and lifestyle medicine), genetics, genomics, toxicology and biomedical/health informatics more likely work on individuals or some individual mechanism describing disease. This article introduces with examples the core concepts of medical geology and geomedicine. The ultimate goals of prediction, prevention and personalised treatment in the case of geology-dependent disease can only be realised through an intensive multiple-disciplinary approach, where the various relevant disciplines collaborate together and complement each other in additive (multidisciplinary), interactive (interdisciplinary) and holistic (transdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary) manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged N Kamel Boulos
- The Alexander Graham Bell Centre for Digital Health, University of the Highlands and Islands, Elgin, IV30 1JJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Jennifer Le Blond
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, England, UK.
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Marotte H, Pallot-Prades B, Grange L, Tebib J, Gaudin P, Alexandre C, Blond JL, Cazalis MA, Mougin B, Miossec P. The shared epitope is a marker of severity associated with selection for, but not with response to, infliximab in a large rheumatoid arthritis population. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 65:342-7. [PMID: 16096333 PMCID: PMC1798045 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.037150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether joint destruction, indication for, and response to infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis are associated with the shared epitope (SE) or selected cytokine gene polymorphisms (interleukin (IL) 1B, IL1-RN, and tumour necrosis alpha). METHODS In a large rheumatoid arthritis population of 930 patients from the same area (Rhône-Alpes, France), patients with (n = 198) or without infliximab treatment (n = 732) were compared according to their genetic status. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected. Typing for SE status and cytokine polymorphisms was carried out using enzyme linked oligosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was by chi(2) testing and calculation of odds ratios (OR). RESULTS A dose relation was observed between the number of SE copies and joint damage in the whole rheumatoid population (OR, 1 v 0 SE copy = 2.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.77 to 3.19), p<0.001; OR 2 v 0 SE copy = 3.92 (2.65 to 5.80), p<0.001. The SE effect increased with disease duration but was not significant before two years. Selection for infliximab treatment (n = 198) was associated with increased disease activity, joint damage, and the presence of the SE with a dose effect. In all, 66.2% patients achieved an ACR20 improvement. No clinical or genetic factors were able to predict the clinical response to infliximab. CONCLUSIONS This post-marketing study in a large cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients indicates a linkage between rheumatoid arthritis severity, selection for treatment with infliximab, and the presence and dose of the SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marotte
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Departments of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Hérriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
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Blond JL, Lavillette D, Cheynet V, Bouton O, Oriol G, Chapel-Fernandes S, Mandrand B, Mallet F, Cosset FL. An envelope glycoprotein of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W is expressed in the human placenta and fuses cells expressing the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor. J Virol 2000; 74:3321-9. [PMID: 10708449 PMCID: PMC111833 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.7.3321-3329.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) family, termed HERV-W, was recently described (J.-L. Blond, F. Besème, L. Duret, O. Bouton, F. Bedin, H. Perron, B. Mandrand, and F. Mallet, J. Virol. 73:1175-1185, 1999). HERV-W mRNAs were found to be specifically expressed in placenta cells, and an env cDNA containing a complete open reading frame was recovered. In cell-cell fusion assays, we demonstrate here that the product of the HERV-W env gene is a highly fusogenic membrane glycoprotein. Transfection of an HERV-W Env expression vector in a panel of cell lines derived from different species resulted in formation of syncytia in primate and pig cells upon interaction with the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor. Moreover, envelope glycoproteins encoded by HERV-W were specifically detected in placenta cells, suggesting that they may play a physiological role during pregnancy and placenta formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Blond
- Unité Mixte 103 CNRS-bioMérieux, INSERM U412, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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8
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Blond JL, Besème F, Duret L, Bouton O, Bedin F, Perron H, Mandrand B, Mallet F. Molecular characterization and placental expression of HERV-W, a new human endogenous retrovirus family. J Virol 1999; 73:1175-85. [PMID: 9882319 PMCID: PMC103938 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.2.1175-1185.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV) isolated from plasma of MS patients was found to be phylogenetically and experimentally related to human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). To characterize the MSRV-related HERV family and to test the hypothesis of a replication-competent HERV, we have investigated the expression of MSRV-related sequences in healthy tissues. The expression of MSRV-related transcripts restricted to the placenta led to the isolation of overlapping cDNA clones from a cDNA library. These cDNAs spanned a 7.6-kb region containing gag, pol, and env genes; RU5 and U3R flanking sequences; a polypurine tract; and a primer binding site (PBS). As this PBS showed similarity to avian retrovirus PBSs used by tRNATrp, this new HERV family was named HERV-W. Several genomic elements were identified, one of them containing a complete HERV-W unit, spanning all cDNA clones. Elements of this multicopy family were not replication competent, as gag and pol open reading frames (ORFs) were interrupted by frameshifts and stop codons. A complete ORF putatively coding for an envelope protein was found both on the HERV-W DNA prototype and within an RU5-env-U3R polyadenylated cDNA clone. Placental expression of 8-, 3.1-, and 1.3-kb transcripts was observed, and a putative splicing strategy was described. The apparently tissue-restricted HERV-W long terminal repeat expression is discussed with respect to physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Blond
- Unité Mixte 103 CNRS-bioMérieux, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, Cédex 07, France
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9
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Perron H, Garson JA, Bedin F, Beseme F, Paranhos-Baccala G, Komurian-Pradel F, Mallet F, Tuke PW, Voisset C, Blond JL, Lalande B, Seigneurin JM, Mandrand B. Molecular identification of a novel retrovirus repeatedly isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis. The Collaborative Research Group on Multiple Sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:7583-8. [PMID: 9207135 PMCID: PMC23865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/1997] [Accepted: 04/24/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The partial molecular characterization of multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated retrovirus (MSRV), a novel retrovirus previously called LM7, is reported. MSRV has been isolated repeatedly from leptomeningeal, choroid plexus and from Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cells of MS patients. A strategy based on reverse transcriptase PCR with RNA-purified extracellular virions yielded an initial pol fragment from which other regions of the retroviral genome were subsequently obtained by sequence extension. MSRV-specific PCR primers amplified a pol region from RNA present at the peak of reverse transcriptase activity, coinciding with extracellular viral particles in sucrose density gradients. The same sequence was detected in noncellular RNA from MS patient plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid from untreated MS patients. MSRV is related to, but distinct from, the endogenous retroviral sequence ERV9. Whether MSRV represents an exogenous retrovirus with closely related endogenous elements or a replication-competent, virion-producing, endogenous provirus is as yet unknown. Further molecular epidemiological studies are required to determine precisely the apparent association of virions containing MSRV RNA with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Perron
- bioMérieux SA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 103, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-bioMérieux, 46, Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Dumoulin R, Mandon G, Collombet JM, Blond JL, Carrier H, Godinot C, Flocard F, Villard J, Guibaud P, Mathieu M. Human cultured myoblasts: a model for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 1993; 16:545-7. [PMID: 7609448 DOI: 10.1007/bf00711677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Dumoulin
- Centre d'Etude des Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- R Froissart
- Centre d'Etudes des Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France
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Davidas JL, Blond JL, Rochette A, Manchon M, Degoute CS, Banssillon V. [Local analgesic action by direct effect of pethidine on the nervous trunks]. Therapie 1992; 47:485-7. [PMID: 1301641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the analgesic effects of meperidine (pethidine) on nervous trunks. First we compared the analgesic effect of pethidine in surgery of knee and femur. Meperidine was randomly administered either by femoral block or intravenously. The onset of analgesia was shorter with femoral block (5 minutes against 146 minutes). In the surgery of shoulder, nerve block with meperidine was performed using intersclalenic block. Plasma concentrations ar lower (maximum of 0.29 mg per liter) than intravenous therapeutic concentrations (between 0.5 and 0.7 mg per liter). So we can conclude as do other papers, there is a direct effect of meperidine on nervous trunks. This effect is probably mediated by receptors located on nervous trunks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Davidas
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite
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