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Courtney KD, Bezwada D, Mashimo T, Pichumani K, Vemireddy V, Funk AM, Wimberly J, McNeil SS, Kapur P, Lotan Y, Margulis V, Cadeddu JA, Pedrosa I, DeBerardinis RJ, Malloy CR, Bachoo RM, Maher EA. Isotope Tracing of Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas Demonstrates Suppressed Glucose Oxidation In Vivo. Cell Metab 2018; 28:793-800.e2. [PMID: 30146487 PMCID: PMC6221993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of human kidney cancer. Histological and molecular analyses suggest that ccRCCs have significantly altered metabolism. Recent human studies of lung cancer and intracranial malignancies demonstrated an unexpected preservation of carbohydrate oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. To test the capacity of ccRCC to oxidize substrates in the TCA cycle, we infused 13C-labeled fuels in ccRCC patients and compared labeling patterns in tumors and adjacent kidney. After infusion with [U-13C]glucose, ccRCCs displayed enhanced glycolytic intermediate labeling, suppressed pyruvate dehydrogenase flow, and reduced TCA cycle labeling, consistent with the Warburg effect. Comparing 13C labeling among ccRCC, brain, and lung tumors revealed striking differences. Primary ccRCC tumors demonstrated the highest enrichment in glycolytic intermediates and lowest enrichment in TCA cycle intermediates. Among human tumors analyzed by intraoperative 13C infusions, ccRCC is the first to demonstrate a convincing shift toward glycolytic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Courtney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Mashimo
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kumar Pichumani
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vamsidhara Vemireddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander M Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wimberly
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah S McNeil
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cadeddu
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Maher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Athauda G, Giubellino A, Coleman JA, Horak C, Steeg PS, Lee MJ, Trepel J, Wimberly J, Sun J, Coxon A, Burgess TL, Bottaro DP. c-Met ectodomain shedding rate correlates with malignant potential. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:4154-62. [PMID: 16857786 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many proteins are proteolytically released from the cell surface by a process known as ectodomain shedding. Shedding occurs under normal physiologic conditions and can be increased in certain pathologies. Among the many receptors for which ectodomain shedding has been shown is c-Met, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase. HGF stimulates mitogenesis, motogenesis, and morphogenesis in a variety of cellular targets during development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. Inappropriate HGF signaling resulting in unregulated cell proliferation, motility, and invasion occurs in several human malignancies. This can occur through paracrine signaling, autocrine loop formation, receptor mutation, gene amplification, or gene rearrangement, accompanied frequently with overexpression of ligand and/or receptor proteins. We hypothesized that c-Met overexpression in cancer might result in increased ectodomain shedding, and that its measure could be a useful biomarker of tumor progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a sensitive electrochemiluminescent immunoassay to quantitate c-Met protein in cell lysates, culture supernatants, and biological samples. RESULTS A survey of cultured cell models of oncogenic transformation revealed significant direct correlations (P < 0.001, t test or ANOVA) between malignant potential and the rate of c-Met ectodomain shedding that was independent of steady-state receptor expression level. Moreover, weekly plasma and urine samples from mice harboring s.c. human tumor xenografts (n = 4 per group) displayed soluble human c-Met levels that were measurable before tumors became palpable and that correlated directly with tumor volume (R2 > 0.92, linear regression). CONCLUSIONS For a variety of human cancers, c-Met ectodomain shedding may provide a reliable and practical indicator of malignant potential and overall tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagani Athauda
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, and Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1107, USA
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Taylor CR, Kwangsukstith C, Wimberly J, Kollias N, Anderson RR. Turbo-PUVA: dihydroxyacetone-enhanced photochemotherapy for psoriasis: a pilot study. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135:540-4. [PMID: 10328194 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.135.5.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a colorless sugar in "sunless" tanning lotions, binds to stratum corneum to form a UV-A-protective brown pigment. Bound DHA polymer is shed faster from hyperproliferative skin sites such as psoriatic plaques. We tested the hypothesis that selective shedding of DHA pigment during psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) treatment of psoriasis may allow higher UV-A doses, thus accelerating clearing while protecting uninvolved skin. Concurrent use of lactic acid was investigated as an aid in removing scale and residual DHA from psoriatic plaques. OBSERVATIONS Thirty psoriatic patients with more than 20% body surface area involvement were recruited. The 6 PUVA study groups were (1) standard American style, (2) American style plus lactic acid, (3) DHA-PUVA or "topical ultraviolet-resisting barrier to optiimize PUVA" (Turbo-PUVA), (4) Turbo-PUVA with lactic acid, (5) European style, and (6) European style plus DHA. Combinations of lactic acid and European-style treatment were not studied. Each subject received up to 30 oral PUVA treatments twice weekly 3 days apart. The DHA-PUVA groups used 15% DHA lotion twice weekly. Lactic acid groups used 7% lotion daily except on treatment days. Psoriasis area and severity index scores were recorded weekly. Turbo-PUVA allowed higher UV-A exposures with minimal burns, showed faster clearing, and required fewer treatments for 90% clearing (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Protection of uninvolved skin by DHA during PUVA treatment allows higher UV-A exposures to be tolerated, demonstrates faster clearing, and requires fewer treatments to clear psoriasis. By reducing the total body dose received, Turbo-PUVA may also reduce long-term risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Taylor
- Gange Photomedicine Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, USA
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Shea CR, Hefetz Y, Gillies R, Wimberly J, Dalickas G, Hasan T. Mechanistic investigation of doxycycline photosensitization by picosecond-pulsed and continuous wave laser irradiation of cells in culture. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:5977-82. [PMID: 2318844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to elucidate the photophysical mechanisms of cellular phototoxicity sensitized by doxycycline, MGH-U1 human bladder carcinoma cells in vitro were treated with 20.7 microM doxycycline and irradiated with either a pulsed (lambda = 355 nm, pulse duration = 24 ps) or a continuous wave (lambda = 351 nm) laser. Cumulative radiant exposure and irradiance were systematically varied in experiments with both lasers. Phototoxicity was assessed by epifluorescence microscopy of unfixed cells using rhodamine 123 labeling of mitochondria. With the continuous wave source, the cumulative radiant exposure required for induction of phototoxic injury was independent of irradiance. With the 24-ps-pulsed source, a significantly lower cumulative radiant exposure was required to induce the phototoxicity when the peak irradiance was 5.8 x 10(7) or 1.3 x 10(8) watts cm-2 compared with when peak irradiance was either lower (6.0 x 10(6) watts cm-2) or higher (7.6 x 10(8) watts cm-2). The measured fluorescence lifetimes of doxycycline in buffered saline solution were longer than the laser pulse duration of 24 ps. The increased efficiency of photosensitization at the optimal peak irradiance in the ps domain appears to result from sequential multiphoton absorption involving higher excited states of the singlet manifold. At the highest irradiance studied, on the other hand, reduced efficiency of photosensitization is attributed to increased photodegradation of doxycycline from higher excited states by processes such as photoionization. A model consistent with these observations is presented along with calculations, based on simple rate equations, that fit the essentials of the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Shea
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114
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Shea CR, Chen N, Wimberly J, Hasan T. Rhodamine dyes as potential agents for photochemotherapy of cancer in human bladder carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 1989; 49:3961-5. [PMID: 2736534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The phototoxicity in vitro of rhodamine 123 and tetrabromo rhodamine 123 (TBR) was compared, in order to assess their photochemotherapeutic potential. Exposure to 514.5-nm radiation from an argon ion laser caused phototoxicity in MGH-U1 bladder carcinoma cells previously treated with either dye at 10 microM for 30 min. As assessed by colony formation and cellular morphology, TBR was markedly more phototoxic than rhodamine 123, reflecting increased intersystem crossing of TBR to the triplet manifold via spin-orbital coupling induced by the heavy bromine atoms. Photoreactions of TBR very efficiently generated singlet oxygen (1O2) in solution; furthermore, irradiation of TBR-treated cells was significantly more toxic when performed in the presence of deuterium oxide, an enhancer of damage caused by 1O2. Retention of fluorescence in TBR-treated cells was enhanced by irradiation, indicating that a stable photoproduct may be formed in reaction with cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Shea
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114
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