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Spanic V, Vukovic A, Cseplo M, Vukovic R, Buchvaldt Amby D, Cairo Westergaard J, Puskas K, Roitsch T. Early leaf responses of cell physiological and sensor-based signatures reflect susceptibility of wheat seedlings to infection by leaf rust. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13990. [PMID: 37616017 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. can have devastating effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing severe economic losses. This comprehensive study serves to facilitate our understanding of the impact of carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism in association with sensor-based phenotyping and leaf rust stress responses in wheat seedlings. After 24 h of inoculation (hai) very susceptible variety to leaf rust (Ficko) increased cell-wall invertase (cwInv; EC 3.2.1.26), compared to other varieties that significantly increased cwInv later. This could mean that the Ficko variety cannot defend itself from leaf rust infections once symptoms have started to develop. Also, Ficko had significantly decreased amounts of cytoplasmic invertase (cytInv; EC 3.2.1.26) at 8 hai. The downregulation of cytInv in susceptible plants may facilitate the maintenance of elevated apoplastic sucrose availability favoring the pathogen. The significant role of vacuolar invertase (vacInv; EC 3.2.1.26) in moderately resistant varieties was recorded. Also, a significant decrease of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase; EC 2.7.7.9) in moderately resistant varieties might restrict normal development of leaf rust due to reduced sugar. During plant-pathogen interaction, when the invader spreads systemically throughout the plant, the main role of ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activity in one moderately resistant variety (Olimpija) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity in another moderately resistant variety (Alka) is to protect the plant against oxidative damage in the early stages of infection. Non-invasive phenotyping with a sensor-based technique could be used as a rapid method for pre-symptomatic determination of wheat leaf rust resistance or susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spanic
- Department of Small Cereal Crops Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Vukovic
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Monika Cseplo
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Rosemary Vukovic
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Daniel Buchvaldt Amby
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Section for Crop Sciences, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Section for Crop Sciences, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Katalin Puskas
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Section for Crop Sciences, Taastrup, Denmark
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Correia PMP, Cairo Westergaard J, Bernardes da Silva A, Roitsch T, Carmo-Silva E, Marques da Silva J. High-throughput phenotyping of physiological traits for wheat resilience to high temperature and drought stress. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:5235-5251. [PMID: 35446418 PMCID: PMC9440435 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Interannual and local fluctuations in wheat crop yield are mostly explained by abiotic constraints. Heatwaves and drought, which are among the top stressors, commonly co-occur, and their frequency is increasing with global climate change. High-throughput methods were optimized to phenotype wheat plants under controlled water deficit and high temperature, with the aim to identify phenotypic traits conferring adaptative stress responses. Wheat plants of 10 genotypes were grown in a fully automated plant facility under 25/18 °C day/night for 30 d, and then the temperature was increased for 7 d (38/31 °C day/night) while maintaining half of the plants well irrigated and half at 30% field capacity. Thermal and multispectral images and pot weights were registered twice daily. At the end of the experiment, key metabolites and enzyme activities from carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism were quantified. Regression machine learning models were successfully established to predict plant biomass using image-extracted parameters. Evapotranspiration traits expressed significant genotype-environment interactions (G×E) when acclimatization to stress was continuously monitored. Consequently, transpiration efficiency was essential to maintain the balance between water-saving strategies and biomass production in wheat under water deficit and high temperature. Stress tolerance included changes in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the sucrolytic and glycolytic pathways, and in antioxidant metabolism. The observed genetic differences in sensitivity to high temperature and water deficit can be exploited in breeding programmes to improve wheat resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Anabela Bernardes da Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Pandey C, Großkinsky DK, Westergaard JC, Jørgensen HJL, Svensgaard J, Christensen S, Schulz A, Roitsch T. Identification of a bio-signature for barley resistance against Pyrenophora teres infection based on physiological, molecular and sensor-based phenotyping. Plant Sci 2021; 313:111072. [PMID: 34763864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Necrotic and chlorotic symptoms induced during Pyrenophora teres infection in barley leaves indicate a compatible interaction that allows the hemi-biotrophic fungus Pyrenophora teres to colonise the host. However, it is unexplored how this fungus affects the physiological responses of resistant and susceptible cultivars during infection. To assess the degree of resistance in four different cultivars, we quantified visible symptoms and fungal DNA and performed expression analyses of genes involved in plant defence and ROS scavenging. To obtain insight into the interaction between fungus and host, we determined the activity of 19 key enzymes of carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism. The pathogen impact was also phenotyped non-invasively by sensor-based multireflectance and -fluorescence imaging. Symptoms, regulation of stress-related genes and pathogen DNA content distinguished the cultivar Guld as being resistant. Severity of net blotch symptoms was also strongly correlated with the dynamics of enzyme activities already within the first day of infection. In contrast to the resistant cultivar, the three susceptible cultivars showed a higher reflectance over seven spectral bands and higher fluorescence intensities at specific excitation wavelengths. The combination of semi high-throughput physiological and molecular analyses with non-invasive phenotyping enabled the identification of bio-signatures that discriminates the resistant from susceptible cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Pandey
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik K Großkinsky
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans J L Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Svensgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, Brno, Czechia
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Hawkes CV, Kjøller R, Raaijmakers JM, Riber L, Christensen S, Rasmussen S, Christensen JH, Dahl AB, Westergaard JC, Nielsen M, Brown-Guedira G, Hestbjerg Hansen L. Extension of Plant Phenotypes by the Foliar Microbiome. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2021; 72:823-846. [PMID: 34143648 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The foliar microbiome can extend the host plant phenotype by expanding its genomic and metabolic capabilities. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of the foliar microbiome for plant fitness, stress physiology, and yield, the diversity, function, and contribution of foliar microbiomes to plant phenotypic traits remain largely elusive. The recent adoption of high-throughput technologies is helping to unravel the diversityand spatiotemporal dynamics of foliar microbiomes, but we have yet to resolve their functional importance for plant growth, development, and ecology. Here, we focus on the processes that govern the assembly of the foliar microbiome and the potential mechanisms involved in extended plant phenotypes. We highlight knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for new research directions that can propel the field forward. These efforts will be instrumental in maximizing the functional potential of the foliar microbiome for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Leise Riber
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Svend Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Anders Bjorholm Dahl
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Mads Nielsen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
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Gao J, Westergaard JC, Sundmark EHR, Bagge M, Liljeroth E, Alexandersson E. Automatic late blight lesion recognition and severity quantification based on field imagery of diverse potato genotypes by deep learning. Knowl Based Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Akhtar SS, Amby DB, Hegelund JN, Fimognari L, Großkinsky DK, Westergaard JC, Müller R, Moelbak L, Liu F, Roitsch T. Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 Increases Water Use Efficiency via Growth Stimulation in Both Normal and Drought Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:297. [PMID: 32318078 PMCID: PMC7155768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing agricultural losses due to biotic and abiotic stresses caused by climate change challenge food security worldwide. A promising strategy to sustain crop productivity under conditions of limited water availability is the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Here, the effects of spore forming Bacillus licheniformis (FMCH001) on growth and physiology of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Ronaldinho) under well-watered and drought stressed conditions were investigated. Pot experiments were conducted in the automated high-throughput phenotyping platform PhenoLab and under greenhouse conditions. Results of the PhenoLab experiments showed that plants inoculated with B. licheniformis FMCH001 exhibited increased root dry weight (DW) and plant water use efficiency (WUE) compared to uninoculated plants. In greenhouse experiments, root and shoot DW significantly increased by more than 15% in inoculated plants compared to uninoculated control plants. Also, the WUE increased in FMCH001 plants up to 46% in both well-watered and drought stressed plants. Root and shoot activities of 11 carbohydrate and eight antioxidative enzymes were characterized in response to FMCH001 treatments. This showed a higher antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT) in roots of FMCH001 treated plants compared to uninoculated plants. The higher CAT activity was observed irrespective of the water regime. These findings show that seed coating with Gram positive spore forming B. licheniformis could be used as biostimulants for enhancing plant WUE under both normal and drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Saleem Akhtar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Daniel Buchvaldt Amby
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Josefine Nymark Hegelund
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | | | - Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Renate Müller
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Moelbak
- Plant Health Innovation, Chr-Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Abstract
Maintained at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Texas, the tmRNA database (tmRDB) is accessible at the URL http://psyche.uthct.edu/dbs/tmRDB/tmRDB.html with mirror sites located at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (http://www.ag.auburn.edu/mirror/tmRDB/) and the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark (http://tmrdb.kvl.dk/). The signal recognition particle database (SRPDB) at http://psyche.uthct.edu/dbs/SRPDB/SRPDB.html is mirrored at http://srpdb.kvl.dk/ and the University of Goteborg (http://bio.lundberg.gu.se/dbs/SRPDB/SRPDB.html). The databases assist in investigations of the tmRNP (a ribonucleoprotein complex which liberates stalled bacterial ribosomes) and the SRP (a particle which recognizes signal sequences and directs secretory proteins to cell membranes). The curated tmRNA and SRP RNA alignments consider base pairs supported by comparative sequence analysis. Also shown are alignments of the tmRNA-associated proteins SmpB, ribosomal protein S1, alanyl-tRNA synthetase and Elongation Factor Tu, as well as the SRP proteins SRP9, SRP14, SRP19, SRP21, SRP54 (Ffh), SRP68, SRP72, cpSRP43, Flhf, SRP receptor (alpha) and SRP receptor (beta). All alignments can be easily examined using a new exploratory browser. The databases provide links to high-resolution structures and serve as depositories for structures obtained by molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus Alm Rosenblad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Goteborg UniversityBox 440, SE-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden
- SWEGENE Bioinformatics, Goteborg UniversityBox 413, SE-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Niels Larsen
- Danish Genome InstituteGustav Wieds vej 10 C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jody Burks
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL 36849-5415, USA
| | - Iwona K. Wower
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL 36849-5415, USA
| | - Jacek Wower
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL 36849-5415, USA
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for Bioinformatics and Division of Genetics, IBHV, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityGroennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tore Samuelsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Goteborg UniversityBox 440, SE-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Zwieb
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 903 877 7689; Fax: +1 903 877 5731;
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