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Bean LL, Goon M, McClure JJ, Aguiar RST, Kato N, DiMarzio M, Pilitsis JG. The Evolution of Surgical Technique in Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Scoping Review. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024; 26:372-380. [PMID: 37976139 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), its operative technique has consistently advanced. We performed a scoping review of the literature regarding SCS operative techniques to highlight key advancements. To review, summarize, and highlight key changes in SCS implantation techniques since their inception. The authors performed a MEDLINE search inclusive of articles from 1967 to June 2023 including human and modeling studies written in English examining the role of trialing, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and surgical adaptations. Using the Rayyan platform, two reviewers performed a blinded title screen. Of the 960 articles, 197 were included in the title screen, 107 were included in the abstract review, and ultimately 69 articles met inclusion criteria. We examined the utility of trialing and found that historical controls showed significant efficacy, whereas recent results are more equivocal. We discuss the significant improvement in outcomes with intraoperative neuromonitoring for asleep SCS placement. We highlight technique improvements that led to significant reductions in infection, lead migration, and inadequate pain relief. Physicians implanting SCS systems for chronic pain management must continually refine their surgical techniques to keep up with this rapidly evolving therapy. In addition, through collaborative efforts of neuromodulators and industry, SCS is safer and more effective for patients suffering from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Bean
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton , Florida , USA
| | - Madison Goon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton , Florida , USA
| | - Jesse J McClure
- Department of Surgery, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton , Florida , USA
| | - Rodrigo S T Aguiar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton , Florida , USA
| | - Nicholas Kato
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton , Florida , USA
| | - Marisa DiMarzio
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton , Florida , USA
| | - Julie G Pilitsis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton , Florida , USA
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2
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Mayer R, Desai K, Aguiar RSDT, McClure JJ, Kato N, Kalman C, Pilitsis JG. Evolution of Deep Brain Stimulation Techniques for Complication Mitigation. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024:01787389-990000000-01044. [PMID: 38315020 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Complication mitigation in deep brain stimulation has been a topic matter of much discussion in the literature. In this article, we examine how neurosurgeons as individuals and as a field generated and adapted techniques to prevent infection, lead fracture/lead migration, and suboptimal outcomes in both the acute period and longitudinally. The authors performed a MEDLINE search inclusive of articles from 1987 to June 2023 including human studies written in English. Using the Rayyan platform, two reviewers (J.P. and R.M.) performed a title screen. Of the 776 articles, 252 were selected by title screen and 172 from abstract review for full-text evaluation. Ultimately, 124 publications were evaluated. We describe the initial complications and inefficiencies at the advent of deep brain stimulation and detail changes instituted by surgeons that reduced them. Furthermore, we discuss the trend in both undesired short-term and long-term outcomes with emphasis on how surgeons recognized and modified their practice to provide safer and better procedures. This scoping review adds to the literature as a guide to both new neurosurgeons and seasoned neurosurgeons alike to understand better what innovations have been trialed over time as we embark on novel targets and neuromodulatory technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mayer
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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3
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McClure JJ, Jentoft ME, Sandhu SS, Chen SG, Abode-Iyamah KO. Bone-anchored annular closure device leading to histiocytic-inflammation-induced neuropathy with resolution after removal: a case report. Eur Spine J 2023:10.1007/s00586-023-07910-2. [PMID: 37648908 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine and report the underlying cause of local inflammation causing recurrent neuropathy and multiple operations in a patient with a Barricaid® device. METHODS After removal of this patient's Barricaid® device, we sent local inflammatory tissue to pathology for histochemical analysis. Upon discovery of giant cells formation with polarizable foreign bodies, we performed a literature review regarding the Barricaid® device and its elements. RESULTS After two previous operations and three trials of conservative management, the presented patient underwent an L5/S1 TLIF with removal of her previously installed Barricaid® device. There were no signs of device instability/failure nor were there obvious signs of infection. Inflamed tissue proximal to the Barricaid® device was discovered, debrided, and sample sent to pathology. Removal of the Barricaid® device led to subsequent and durable relief of her symptoms. During review of this case, we discovered the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) weave used in the Barricaid® device is known to induce foreign body reactions, and this precise finding was seen in the majority of animal data submitted to the FDA for the device's acceptance. CONCLUSION Given the constellation of this patient's symptoms, imaging, intraoperative, and pathology findings, previously published reports, and pre-approval data submitted to the FDA, we conclude that the inflammatory response to the PET weave in this patient's Barricaid® device was the ultimate cause of her continued neuropathy despite multiple prior surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J McClure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA.
| | - Mark E Jentoft
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Selby G Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Rabinovich EP, Snyder MH, McClure JJ, Buell TJ, Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Buchholz AL. Posterior Polyethylene Tethers Reduce Occurrence of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis After Multilevel Spinal Instrumentation for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Retrospective Analysis. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:227-235. [PMID: 33971008 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common postoperative complication after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery and may manifest with neurological decline, worsening spinal deformity, and spinal instability, which warrant reoperation. Rates of PJK may be as high as 69.4% after ASD surgery. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of junctional tethers for PJK prophylaxis after multilevel instrumented surgery for ASD with minimum 2-yr follow-up. METHODS Single-center retrospective analysis of adult patients (age ≥18 yr) who underwent ASD surgery with index operations performed between November 2010 and June 2016 and achieved minimum 2-yr follow-up. Patients with ASD were subdivided into 3 treatment cohorts based on institutional protocol: no tether (NT), polyethylene tether-only (TO), and tether with crosslink (TC). PJK was defined as a proximal junctional angle (PJA) >10° and 10° greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement. Patient demographics, operative details, standard radiographic scoliosis measurements (including PJA and assessment of PJK), and complications were analyzed. RESULTS Of 184 patients, 146 (79.3%) achieved minimum 2-yr follow-up (mean = 45 mo; mean age = 67 yr; 67.8% women). PJK rates reported for the NT, TO, and TC cohorts were 60.7% (37/61), 35.7% (15/42), and 23.3% (10/43), respectively. PJK rates among TC patients were significantly lower than NT (P = .01601). CONCLUSION Junctional tethers with crosslink significantly reduced the incidence of PJK and revisions for PJK among ASD patients treated with long-segment posterior instrumented fusions who achieved minimum 2-yr follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Rabinovich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - M Harrison Snyder
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jesse J McClure
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas J Buell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin S Smith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Avery L Buchholz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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McClure JJ, Desai BD, Ampie L, You W, Smith JS, Buchholz AL. A Systematic Review of the Cost-Utility of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Persistent Low Back Pain in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. Global Spine J 2021; 11:66S-72S. [PMID: 33890806 PMCID: PMC8076810 DOI: 10.1177/2192568220970163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic Review. OBJECTIVES To review the literature surrounding the cost-effectiveness of implanting spinal cord stimulators for failed back surgery syndrome. METHODS A systematic review was conducted inclusive of all publications in the Medline database and Cochrane CENTRAL trials register within the last 10 years (English language only) assessing the cost-effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulator device implantation (SCSdi) in patients with previous lumbar fusion surgery. RESULTS The majority of reviewed publications that analyzed cost-effectiveness of SCSdi compared to conventional medical management (CMM) or re-operation in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) showed an overall increase in direct medical costs; these increased costs were found in nearly all cases to be offset by significant improvements in patient quality of life. The cost required to achieve these increases in quality adjusted life years (QALY) falls well below $25 000/QALY, a conservative estimate of willingness to pay. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that SCSdi provides both superior outcomes and a lower incremental cost: effectiveness ratio (ICER) compared to CMM and/or re-operation in patients with FBSS. These findings are in spite of the fact that the majority of studies reviewed were agnostic to the type of device or innervation utilized in SCSdi. Newer devices utilizing burst or higher frequency stimulation have demonstrated their superiority over traditional SCSdi via randomized clinical trials and may provide lower ICERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J. McClure
- Department of Neurosurgery, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bhargav D. Desai
- Department of Neurosurgery, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Leonel Ampie
- Department of Neurosurgery, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen You
- Department of Neurosurgery, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Justin S. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Avery L. Buchholz
- Department of Neurosurgery, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Avery L. Buchholz, Department of Neurosurgery, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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McClure JJ, Desai BD, Shabo LM, Buell TJ, Yen CP, Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Shaffrey ME, Buchholz AL. A single-center retrospective analysis of 3- or 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: surgical outcomes in 66 patients. J Neurosurg Spine 2020:1-7. [PMID: 33036003 DOI: 10.3171/2020.6.spine20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a safe and effective intervention to treat cervical spine pathology. Although these were originally performed as single-level procedures, multilevel ACDF has been performed for patients with extensive degenerative disc disease. To date, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes related to ACDFs of 3 or more levels. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of 3- and 4-level ACDF procedures. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent 3- and 4-level ACDF at the University of Virginia Health System between January 2010 and December 2017. In patients meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, demographics, fusion rates, time to fusion, and reoperation rates were evaluated. Fusion was determined by < 1 mm of change in interspinous distance between individual fused vertebrae on lateral flexion/extension radiographs and lack of radiolucency between the grafts and vertebral bodies. Any procedure requiring a surgical revision was considered a failure. RESULTS Sixty-six patients (47 with 3-level and 19 with 4-level ACDFs) met the inclusion/exclusion criteria of having at least one lateral flexion/extension radiograph series ≥ 12 months after surgery. Seventy percent of 3-level patients and 68% of 4-level patients had ≥ 24 months of follow-up. Ninety-four percent of 3-level patients and 100% of 4-level patients achieved radiographic fusion for at least 1 surgical level. Eighty-eight percent and 82% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C3-4; 85% and 89% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C4-5; 68% and 89% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C5-6; 44% and 42% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C6-7; and no patients achieved fusion at C7-T1. Time to fusion was not significantly different between levels. Revision was required in 6.4% of patients with 3-level and in 16% of patients with 4-level ACDF. The mean time to revision was 46.2 and 45.4 months for 3- and 4-level ACDF, respectively. The most common reason for revision was worsening of initial symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The authors' experience with long-segment anterior cervical fusions shows their fusion rates exceeding most of the reported fusion rates for similar procedures in the literature, with rates similar to those reported for short-segment ACDFs. Three-level and 4-level ACDF procedures are viable options for cervical spine pathology, and the authors' analysis demonstrates an equivalent rate of fusion and time to fusion between 3- and 4-level surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J McClure
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Bhargav D Desai
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Leah M Shabo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Thomas J Buell
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Chun-Po Yen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Justin S Smith
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark E Shaffrey
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Avery L Buchholz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
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7
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McClure JJ, Palanisamy V. Muscle-Specific FXR1 Isoforms in Squamous Cell Cancer. Trends Cancer 2018; 5:82-84. [PMID: 30755307 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein fragile-X mental retardation autosomal 1 (FXR1) is upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and expressed as at least seven isoforms in humans. Only two of these isoforms are capable of binding to RNA containing G-quadruplex structures. We suggest that these unique isoforms play a role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J McClure
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Abstract
Since the identification and cloning of human histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the rapid approval of vorinostat (Zolinza®) for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the field of HDAC biology has met many initial successes. However, many challenges remain due to the complexity involved in the lysine posttranslational modifications, epigenetic transcription regulation, and nonepigenetic cellular signaling cascades. In this chapter, we will: review the discovery of the first HDAC inhibitor and present discussion regarding the future of next-generation HDAC inhibitors, give an overview of different classes of HDACs and their differences in lysine deacylation activity, discuss different classes of HDAC inhibitors and their HDAC isozyme preferences, and review HDAC inhibitors' preclinical studies, their clinical trials, their pharmacokinetic challenges, and future direction. We will also discuss the likely reason for the failure of multiple HDAC inhibitor clinical trials in malignancies other than lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In addition, the potential molecular mechanism(s) that may play a key role in the efficacy and therapeutic response rate in the clinic and the likely patient population for HDAC therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J McClure
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - C James Chou
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC, United States.
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McClure JJ, Inks ES, Zhang C, Peterson YK, Li J, Chundru K, Lee B, Buchanan A, Miao S, Chou CJ. Comparison of the Deacylase and Deacetylase Activity of Zinc-Dependent HDACs. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1644-1655. [PMID: 28459537 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The acetylation status of lysine residues on histone proteins has long been attributed to a balance struck between the catalytic activity of histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC). HDACs were identified as the sole removers of acetyl post-translational modifications (PTM) of histone lysine residues. Studies into the biological role of HDACs have also elucidated their role as removers of acetyl PTMs from lysine residues of nonhistone proteins. These findings, coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry studies that revealed the presence of acyl-group PTMs on lysine residues of nonhistone proteins, brought forth the possibility of HDACs acting as removers of both acyl- and acetyl-based PTMs. We posited that HDACs fulfill this dual role and sought to investigate their specificity. Utilizing a fluorescence-based assay and biologically relevant acyl-substrates, the selectivities of zinc-dependent HDACs toward these acyl-based PTMs were identified. These findings were further validated using cellular models and molecular biology techniques. As a proof of principal, an HDAC3 selective inhibitor was designed using HDAC3's substrate preference. This resulting inhibitor demonstrates nanomolar activity and >30 fold selectivity toward HDAC3 compared to the other class I HDACs. This inhibitor is capable of increasing p65 acetylation, attenuating NF-κB activation, and thereby preventing downstream nitric oxide signaling. Additionally, this selective HDAC3 inhibition allows for control of HMGB-1 secretion from activated macrophages without altering the acetylation status of histones or tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J. McClure
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Elizabeth S. Inks
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- China Agricultural University, Department of Applied
Chemistry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuri K. Peterson
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jiaying Li
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kalyan Chundru
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bradley Lee
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Ashley Buchanan
- College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shiqin Miao
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C. James Chou
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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McClure JJ, Zhang C, Inks ES, Peterson YK, Li J, Chou CJ. Development of Allosteric Hydrazide-Containing Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Use in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9942-9959. [PMID: 27754681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest hurdles yet to be overcome for the continued improvement of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is finding alternative motifs equipotent to the classic and ubiquitously used hydroxamic acid. The N-hydroxyl group of this motif is highly subject to sulfation/glucoronidation-based inactivation in humans; compounds containing this motif require much higher dosing in clinic to achieve therapeutic concentrations. With the goal of developing a second generation of HDAC inhibitors lacking this hydroxamate, we designed a series of potent and selective class I HDAC inhibitors using a hydrazide motif. These inhibitors are impervious to glucuronidation and demonstrate allosteric inhibition. In vitro and ex vivo characterization of our lead analogues' efficacy, selectivity, and toxicity profiles demonstrate that they possess low nanomolar activity against models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are at least 100-fold more selective for AML than solid immortalized cells such as HEK293 or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J McClure
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Stret, MSC140 QF307, 29425, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Stret, MSC140 QF307, 29425, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Inks
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Stret, MSC140 QF307, 29425, United States
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Stret, MSC140 QF307, 29425, United States
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Stret, MSC140 QF307, 29425, United States
| | - C James Chou
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Stret, MSC140 QF307, 29425, United States
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McClure JJ, Koch C, Powell M, McClure JR. Association of arytenoid chondritis with equine lymphocyte antigens but no association with laryngeal hemiplegia, umbilical hernias and cryptorchidism. Anim Genet 2009; 19:427-33. [PMID: 2906791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Associations were sought between ELA A1-A10 and W11 antigens and the presence of laryngeal hemiplegia, arytenoid chondritis, umbilical hernias and cryptorchidism in Thoroughbreds and/or Quarter Horses. No significant associations were detected between laryngeal hemiplegia and any ELA antigen in Thoroughbreds. The association between arytenoid chondritis and A9 was significant with a relative risk (RR) of 15.6 and aetiologic fraction (EF) of 0.80 in Thoroughbreds. There were apparent associations based on RR between A4 and A5 in Quarter Horses with umbilical hernias (RR = 7.5 and 6.1 respectively); however, these were not statistically significant. No significant associations were detected with cryptorchidism in Quarter Horses when the control population included both sexes. When only unaffected males were used as the control group, there was an apparent increase in relative risk with A6 (from RR = 1.7 to 4.3); however this was not statistically significant. Cryptorchidism in Thoroughbreds showed an increased relative risk with A5 regardless of whether the control population included males and females (RR = 4.1) or only males (RR = 4.7) but the increases were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McClure
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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12
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Lazary S, Antczak DF, Bailey E, Bell TK, Bernoco D, Byrns G, McClure JJ. Joint Report of the Fifth International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 31 October-1 November 1987. Anim Genet 2009; 19:447-56. [PMID: 2466424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Six laboratories participated in the Fifth International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse, testing 132 alloantisera against lymphocytes of 880 horses chosen to represent different families and breeds. Most of the alloantisera were produced by lymphocyte immunization between horses matched at the ELA-A locus. All horses were also tested with antisera contributed to the workshop by participating laboratories which identified ELA specificities A1-A10 and W12-W21. Previously identified workshop specificities ELA-W14, W15 and W19 were accepted as products of the ELA-A locus based on family and population studies by the workshop. Their designations were changed to ELA-A14, ELA-A15 and ELA-A19, respectively. Two new specificities were identified, namely ELA-W22 (W22) and ELA-W23 (W23). Population and family studies indicated that W22 and W23 as well as W13 are products of an ELA locus other than ELA-A. The presence of these specificities was correlated with the presence of certain ELA-A locus specificities, e.g. W13 with A3, W22 with A2 and W23 with A5. However, the association was not complete and W13, W22 and W23 also segregated with other ELA-A specificities in some families. Evidence for recombination was found between the ELA-A locus and the locus or loci encoding these specificities resulting in seven recombinant haplotypes found among the data presented in this workshop. Further studies are required for definitive assignment of the specificities to a class I or class II locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lazary
- Division of Immunogenetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Diagnostic criteria should be carefully defined and described in disease association studies to allow (1) comparison among studies from different laboratories evaluating the same disease, (2) critical evaluation of selection procedures of patients, and (3) to strengthen genuine associations with any genetic marker system. Factors to consider include age at onset of disease, specialized diagnostic methods necessary to diagnose or eliminate patients with a selected disease, ranges of affectedness and differences in sex expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McClure
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge 70803
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Abstract
Although relatively little is known about autoimmunity and autoimmune mechanisms specifically in horses, the similarities between clinical syndromes with identifiable effector mechanisms in horses and other species suggest that comparable mechanisms may be applicable. Our understanding of equine autoimmunity undoubtedly will benefit from the extensive study of autoimmunity in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McClure
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.
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15
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Ramirez S, Gaunt SD, McClure JJ, Oliver J. Detection and effects on platelet function of anti-platelet antibody in mule foals with experimentally induced neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:534-9. [PMID: 10587252 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(1999)013<0534:daeopf>2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse mares carrying mule foals were immunized during the last trimester of pregnancy with whole acid-citrate-dextrose-anticoagulated donkey blood to experimentally induce neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia occurred in the neonatal mule foals born to immunized horse mares within 24 hours after ingestion of their dams' colostrum. Mule foals born to mares not immunized with donkey blood did not develop thrombocytopenia. These findings suggest that antibodies may have been directed against a donkey platelet antigen present in the mule foals but not present in their dams. The objectives of this study were to determine whether anti-platelet antibody could be detected in mule foals with experimentally induced neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, to identify any platelet proteins recognized by serum antibody in these foals, and to determine if platelet function was altered by sera from these mule foals. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated significantly higher absorption at 1:200 of platelet-bindable immunoglobulin G in serum from thrombocytopenic mule foals, compared with nonthrombocytopenic mule foals. Sera from thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic mule foals produced similar binding patterns in western immunoblots with donkey platelet proteins separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Maximal platelet aggregation and relative slope of aggregation in response to collagen were significantly inhibited after incubation with sera from thrombocytopenic mule foals. These results suggest that mule foals with induced alloimmune thrombocytopenia have serum antibodies that bind to platelets and may compete with collagen binding sites to impair platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.
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16
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Costa LR, Mirza MH, Williams J, Evans DE, McClure JJ. What is your diagnosis? Extensive alveolar pattern in the caudodorsal and caudoventral aspects of the right and left lungs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215:623-4. [PMID: 10476704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L R Costa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-8410, USA
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Ramirez S, McClure JJ, Moore RM, Wolfsheimer KJ, Gaunt SD, Mirza MH, Taylor W. Hyperthyroidism associated with a thyroid adenocarcinoma in a 21-year-old gelding. J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:475-7. [PMID: 9857342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.
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Hubert J, Williams J, Hamilton HL, McClure JJ, Partington BP. What is your diagnosis? Chronic retrobulbar abscess in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:1703-4. [PMID: 8921023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hubert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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19
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Abstract
The immune system is a complex interactive network. Defects in its function can be characterized broadly as being the result of actual deficiencies in the network or misdirection of normal immunologic functions. The assays that are available to detect deficiencies in the immunologic network barely scrape the surface of the possibilities. These assays primarily evaluate humoral immune function, but undetected defects in innate and cellular immunity are sure to exist. Although assays of humoral immunity have allowed the characterization of a number of immunodeficiency syndromes in horses, closer evaluation of the equine immune system using newer assays described in this text, as well as future assays yet to be developed are sure to determine new syndromes. Assays of misdirected immunologic functions have been limited to detection of misdirected antibody responses, but the dependence of antibody production on help from T cells could reflect an underlying defect of cellular immunity. Similar to immunodeficiency syndromes, misdirected responses of the innate and adaptive arms of immunity are sure to occur but will only be detected by more diligent surveillance of diseased horses and application of new immunodiagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Swiderski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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Traub-Dargatz JL, McClure JJ, Koch C, Schlipf JW. Neonatal isoerythrolysis in mule foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 206:67-70. [PMID: 7744666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Four mule foals received anti-RBC antibody from their dam's colostrum. Two foals developed anemia, 1 developed severe thrombocytopenia, and 1 did not develop any clinical or laboratory abnormalities. All foals had the same donkey sire. Seven mares, including the dams of foals 1 to 4, bred to the donkey sire produced anti-RBC antibody. Two mares produced anti-RBC antibody to the donkey RBC on the first mating. The donkey sire and 18 of its offspring were found to have an RBC antigen unique to mules and donkeys. Thus, all matings of this donkey to horse mares were incompatible. The reason for the high rate of sensitization of mares bred to this donkey is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Traub-Dargatz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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21
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Abstract
A red cell antigen of donkeys and mules was identified using antibodies in serum from a mare which produced a mule foal affected with neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI). Subsequently antibodies with similar activity were identified in the sera of other mares which had produced mule foals and were produced by immunization of horses with blood from donkeys. The antigen detected by these antibodies does not correspond to any recognized horse red cell alloantigen. This may be a xenoantigen since all donkeys (and mules) tested have shared this antigen and all horses tested have lacked the antigen. The results suggest that all mule pregnancies (donkey sire x horse dam) are incompatible with regard to this factor and a potential for neonatal isoerythrolysis exists in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McClure
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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Freestone JF, Paccamonti DL, Eilts BE, McClure JJ, Swiderski CE, Causey RC. Seminal vesiculitis as a cause of signs of colic in a stallion. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 203:556-7. [PMID: 8407516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A 5-year-old stallion was referred because of signs of abdominal pain. During the initial examination, signs of pain were elicited when the right seminal vesicle was palpated per rectum. Signs of pain were also elicited during sexual arousal and attempts at semen collection. The right seminal vesicle was subsequently determined to be abnormal by ultrasonographic and endoscopic examination. The stallion was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 6 weeks. Five months later, there had been no recurrence of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Freestone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Freestone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Zeman
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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Turnwald GH, McClure JJ, Powell MD, Shao KP. Peanut agglutinin as a surface marker for canine T lymphocytes. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49:2076-80. [PMID: 2467592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peanut agglutinin (PNA) and surface immunoglobulin (SIg) were investigated as markers for T and B lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid tissues of dogs of various ages. In the blood study, 4 age groups (n = 8 dogs/group) were used. The mean (+/- SD) percentages of PNA-positive (PNA+) cells were 68.4 +/- 8.6% (group 1, less than 1 year old), 70.3 +/- 9.2% (group 2, 1 to 2 years old), 72.0 +/- 3.7% (group 3, 5 to 6 years old), and 63.8 +/- 10.1% (group 4, 10 to 11 years old). The mean percentages of SIg-positive (SIg+) cells in blood were 32.1 +/- 10.6% (group 1), 43.2 +/- 7.0% (group 2), 34.3 +/- 4.8% (group 3), and 35.0 +/- 6.8% (group 4). The mean total percentages of PNA+ and SIg+ cells were 100 +/- 6.0% (group 1), 113.5 +/- 4.9% (group 2), 106.3 +/- 5.3% (group 3), and 98.9 +/- 9.2% (group 4). The proportions of PNA+ and SIg+ cells in dogs of group 2 were significantly (P less than 0.05) different from those in dogs of the other groups. Serial changes in PNA+ and SIg+ cells were investigated in blood of 6- to 29-week-old pups (n = 8). A significant (P less than 0.05) transient decrease in PNA+ cells and a corresponding increase in SIg+ cells was observed in pups between 14 and 17 weeks old. Lymphoid tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained from 2- to 6-month-old dogs (n = 11) and from 6- to 12-month-old dogs (n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Turnwald
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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Brown CC, McClure JJ, Triche P, Crowder C. Use of immunohistochemical methods for diagnosis of equine pythiosis. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49:1866-8. [PMID: 3073678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Excisional biopsy specimens were received from 8 horses with lesions suspected of being caused by Pythium sp. Pythium sp was isolated from all specimens. An indirect peroxidase technique was applied to formalin-fixed tissues from the biopsy material and there was distinct staining of hyphal cell walls in all specimens. Sections containing hyphae, other than those of Pythium sp, failed to stain. The indirect peroxidase technique could be used for confirmation of suspected cases of pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Brown
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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French DD, Klei TM, Foil CS, Miller RI, Foil LD, Chapman MR, McClure JJ. Efficacy of ivermectin in paste and injectable formulations against microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis and resolution of associated dermatitis in horses. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49:1550-4. [PMID: 3223664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), in injectable or paste formulations, against microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis and associated skin lesions was evaluated in 20 naturally infected horses during midsummer months in Louisiana. All horses had clinical signs of dermatitis of the ventral midline and/or limbs, shoulders, thorax, and withers. Efficacy was monitored at 21, 42, and 63 days after treatment. Procedures done at these intervals included microfilarial counts of 6-mm skin biopsy specimens of affected ventral midline, grading of gross lesions, and photography and histologic assessment of ventral midline biopsy specimens. Microfilarial numbers were reduced to 0 by 21 days after treatment in all but one horse. Active lesions improved or were resolved completely by 63 days after treatment. Total inflammation, as judged by histologic methods, was reduced in all horses by 63 days after treatment, but there was a residual population of inflammatory cells in all horses. Adverse reactions after treatment were not observed in any of the horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D French
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803-6002
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Memon MA, McClure JJ, Usenik EA. Preputial hematoma in a stallion. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 191:563-4. [PMID: 3667416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An 8-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was admitted with a swelling involving the prepuce, dorsal part of the scrotum, and root of the penis. The swelling was first noticed 10 days after breeding, with no evidence that it had resulted from a kick by the mare. The penis was retracted into the prepuce, except for a 10- to 15-cm protrusion of the glans penis. Treatment included warm hydrotherapy, massage, stockinette compression, antidiuretics, antibiotics, penile support, and exercise, without success. At necropsy, a massive preputial hematoma was found extending forward from the root of the penis to 12 cm proximal to the glans penis. The exact origin of the hematoma could not be determined. Most likely, bleeding had originated from the vascular plexus lying subfascially on the surface of the penis outside the intact tunica albuginea or from a branch of the external pudendal artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Memon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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McClure JJ, Addison JD, Miller RI. Immunodeficiency manifested by oral candidiasis and bacterial septicemia in foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186:1195-7. [PMID: 4008299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis and bacterial septicemia were diagnosed in 8 foals that had laboratory and/or pathologic evidence of immunodeficiency. Two foals suffered solely from complete failure of passive transfer of colostal immunoglobulins. Six foals had evidence of immune defects but did not meet the criteria for diagnosis of any of the currently recognized primary equine immunodeficiency syndromes. All six of these foals died or were euthanatized due to bacterial infections. One foal with failure of passive transfer recovered and the other died of a mesenteric torsion before the effect of treatment could be evaluated.
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Adams R, McClure JJ, Gossett KA, Koonce KL, Ezigbo C. Evaluation of a technique for measurement of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in equine urine. Am J Vet Res 1985; 46:147-50. [PMID: 2857544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity in equine urine was measured, using an assay developed for use with serum and was found to be reproducible. The GGT activity was measured in samples prepared by serial dilution of exogenous GGT with equine urine, and the activity was determined to be linear between 21 IU/L and 407 IU/L. The behavior of exogenously added GGT was compared in equine serum and urine. The enzyme behaved similarly in both fluids. The GGT activity was measured in serum and urine samples after storage at -20, 4, and 25 C for 24 and/or 72 hours. Enzyme activity decreased after storage at all temperatures and times, but the decrease was greatest and most variable at -20 C. The urine GGT: urine creatinine ratio was calculated on serial urine samples collected over 24 hours. Although the urine GGT activity and creatinine concentration had significant variation, the ratio remained constant. The urine GGT: urine creatinine ratio was calculated from random urine samples collected from 27 clinically healthy adult horses and was found to be 10.52 +/- 4.78 (mean +/- SD).
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McClure JJ, Gaber CE, Watters JW, Qualls CW. Complete transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis in a Thoroughbred foal. Equine Vet J 1983; 15:377-80. [PMID: 6641688 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Miller RI, Wold D, Lindsay WA, Beadle RE, McClure JJ, McClure JR, McCoy DJ. Complications associated with immunotherapy of equine phycomycosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182:1227-9. [PMID: 6863139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Five horses with pythiosis of the limbs were treated unsuccessfully by surgery or topical application of amphotericin B, or both. Follow-up immunotherapy resulted in 1 horse responding favorably. Three horses were cured of the fungal infection but developed osteitis or deep-seated laminitis, which necessitated their destruction. The remaining horse, which had severe anemia, died before the course of vaccination was completed.
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McClure JJ, Lindsay WA, Taylor W, Ochoa R, Issel CJ, Coulter SJ. Ataxia in four horses with equine infectious anemia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 180:279-83. [PMID: 7056676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In 4 horses with equine infectious anemia (EIA), the predominant clinical sign was ataxia. Other clinical and laboratory findings often associated with EIA included weight loss, anemia, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhages, hypergammaglobulinemia, and high activity of biliary epithelial enzymes. Neuropathologic findings were nonsuppurative granulomatous ependymitis, meningitis, and encephalomyelitis and plasmacytic-lymphocytic infiltration of the brain and spinal cord. The onset of neurologic signs corresponded to the acute stage of infection in at least 2 horses, and the signs developed at least 18 months after infection in 1 case. Cerebrospinal fluid from 3 of the horses contained high concentration of protein and white cells, although changes in 1 horse may have been associated with a prior traumatic attempt to collect CSF. By comparison, CSF from 3 ponies inapparently infected with EIA was normal. Active production of anti-EIA antibody in the CSF was suspected on the basis of serologic findings.
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McClure JJ. Septic arthritis in a foal with failure of passive transfer. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1981; 76:881-4. [PMID: 6911920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Haynes PF, Snider TG, McClure JR, McClure JJ. Chronic chondritis of the equine arytenoid cartilage. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 177:1135-42. [PMID: 7440315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic chondritis of the arytenoid cartilage was diagnosed in 7 male Thoroughbred horses examined for obstructive upper airway disorders. The history of the cases was characterized by a 3- to 6-month progression of exercise intolerance and inspiratory dyspnea during exercise. Endoscopy revealed marked asymmetry of the rima glottidis, partial or complete inability to abduct the involved cartilage, and axial displacement of the involved arytenoid cartilage. In less severe cases, the disorder was confused with laryngeal hemiplegia. Focal elevated lesions of the involved cartilage, which were frequently seen, produced contact lesions on the contralateral cartilage. Subtotal arytenoidectomy was performed in 6 cases. Histologic examination of the removed cartilages revealed marked lamination of the cartilage with fibrous connective tissue. Granulating sinus tracts were seen in 3 cases. The surgical intervention resulted in marked improvement of exercise intolerance in 5 cases.
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McClure JJ, Muscoplat CC, Johnson DW, Senogles DR. Microculture method for mixed lymphocyte cultures in the horse. Am J Vet Res 1978; 39:337-9. [PMID: 147041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A miniaturized method for the mixed lymphocyte culture test in the horse is described. The test is performed in either round- or flat-bottom microtitration tissue culture plates. Concentrations of responsing and stimulating cells are varied, depening on the experiment. Significant discrimination between isogeneic and allogenic mixtures is possible after 120 hours' culture when cells are labeled ([3H]thymidine) for the last 16 to 18 hours of the test.
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