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Macko M, Antoš J, Božek F, Konečný J, Huzlík J, Hegrová J, Kuřitka I. Development of New Health Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles: EPA Health Risk Assessment Revised. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:20. [PMID: 36615930 PMCID: PMC9823543 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nanoparticles in the ambient air can lead to induced toxicities; however, it appears that nanoparticles’ unique properties are completely omitted when assessing health risks. This paper aims to enhance the EPA health risk assessment by incorporating two new variables that consider the size of nanoparticles: the toxicity multiplier and the size multiplier. The former considers the qualitative aspect of the size of particles within a concentration, whilst the latter takes into account the effects associated with the number of particles of the specific i-th size distribution interval. To observe the impact of the new variables, a case study was performed. The studied element was cadmium, which was measured using ICP-MS to discover concentrations of size fractions, ranging from <15.1 to <9830 nm. Next, the cadmium concentration is assessed using both the current state-of-the-art method and the proposed method with adjustments. Based on the new approach, the final risk was 1.1 × 10−5, which was almost 24 times higher compared with the current method. The contribution of nanoparticles to the risk value grew from barely 6% to an alarming 88%. Therefore, the enhanced method can lead to more realistic results when assessing the health risks of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Macko
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Antoš
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - František Božek
- Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Studentské nám. 1532, 686 01 Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Konečný
- Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Studentské nám. 1532, 686 01 Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Huzlík
- Transport Research Centre, Division of Sustainable Transport and Transport Structures Diagnostics, Líšeňská 33a, 619 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hegrová
- Transport Research Centre, Division of Sustainable Transport and Transport Structures Diagnostics, Líšeňská 33a, 619 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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Martínek M, Ludvíková L, Šranková M, Navrátil R, Muchová L, Huzlík J, Vítek L, Klán P, Šebej P. Common xanthene fluorescent dyes are visible-light activatable CO-releasing molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:93-97. [PMID: 36326159 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein, eosin Y, and rose bengal are dyes used in clinical medicine and considered (photo-)chemically stable. Upon extensive irradiation with visible light in aqueous solutions, we found that these compounds release carbon monoxide (CO) - a bioactive gasotransmitter - in 40-100% yields along with the production of low-mass secondary photoproducts, such as phthalic and formic acids, in a multistep degradation process. Such photochemistry should be considered in applications of these dyes, and they could also be utilized as visible-light activatable CO-releasing molecules (photoCORMs) with biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Martínek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735/5, D29, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735/5, A08, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ludvíková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735/5, D29, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic.
| | - Mária Šranková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Navrátil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Huzlík
- Transport Research Centre (CDV), Líšeňská 33a, 636 00 Brno-Líšeň, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic.,4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735/5, D29, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735/5, A08, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Šebej
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735/5, D29, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic.
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