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Mohamud Y, Fu C, Fan YM, Zhang YL, Lin JFC, Hwang SW, Wang ZC, Luo H. Activation of cGAS-STING suppresses coxsackievirus replication via interferon-dependent signaling. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105811. [PMID: 38242503 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive RNA virus known for its role in provoking inflammatory diseases that affect the heart, pancreas, and brain, leading to conditions such as myocarditis, pancreatitis, and meningitis. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs treating CVB3 infection; therefore, identifying potential molecular targets for antiviral drug development is imperative. In this study, we examined the possibility of activating the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, a cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway that triggers a type-I interferon (IFN) response, in inhibiting CVB3 infection. We found that activation of the cGAS-STING pathway through the application of cGAS (poly dA:dT and herring testes DNA) or STING agonists (2'3'-cGAMP and diamidobenzimidazole), or the overexpression of STING, significantly suppresses CVB3 replication. Conversely, gene-silencing of STING enhances viral replication. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that cGAS-STING activation combats CVB3 infection by inducing IFN response. Notably, we discovered that knockdown of IFN-α/β receptor, a key membrane receptor in type-I IFN signaling, or inhibition of the downstream JAK1/2 signaling with ruxolitinib, mitigates the effects of STING activation, resulting in increased viral protein production. Furthermore, we investigated the interplay between CVB3 and the cGAS-STING pathway. We showed that CVB3 does not trigger cGAS-STING activation; instead, it antagonizes STING and the downstream TBK1 activation induced by cGAMP. In summary, our results provide insights into the interaction of an RNA virus and the DNA-sensing pathway, highlighting the potential for agonist activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in the development of anti-CVB3 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cathy Fu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yiyun Michelle Fan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yizhuo Lyanne Zhang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jing Fei Carly Lin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sinwoo Wendy Hwang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Zhihan Claire Wang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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