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Reis HHT, Brito CJ, Sillero-Quintana M, Silva AG, Fernández-Cuevas I, Cerqueira MS, Werneck FZ, Marins JCB. Can Adipose Tissue Influence the Evaluation of Thermographic Images in Adolescents? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4405. [PMID: 36901414 PMCID: PMC10001993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Infrared thermography (IRT) is a technology easy to use for clinical purposes as a pre-diagnostic tool for many health conditions. However, the analysis process of a thermographic image needs to be meticulous to make an appropriate decision. The adipose tissue is considered a potential influence factor in the skin temperature (Tsk) values obtained by IRT. This study aimed to verify the influence of body fat percentage (%BF) on Tsk measured by IRT in male adolescents. A total of 100 adolescents (16.79 ± 0.97 years old and body mass index of 18.41 ± 2.32 kg/m²) was divided into two groups through the results of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis: obese (n = 50, %BF 30.21 ± 3.79) and non-obese (n = 50, %BF 11.33 ± 3.08). Thermograms were obtained by a FLIR T420 infrared camera and analyzed by ThermoHuman® software version 2.12, subdividing the body into seven regions of interest (ROI). The results showed that obese adolescents presented lower mean Tsk values than the non-obese for all ROIs (p < 0.05), with emphasis on the global Tsk (0.91 °C) and anterior (1.28 °C) and posterior trunk (1.18 °C), with "very large" effect size values. A negative correlation was observed in all the ROI (p < 0.01), mainly in the anterior (r = -0.71, p < 0.001) and posterior trunk (r = -0.65, p < 0.001). Tables of thermal normality were proposed for different ROIs according to the classification of obesity. In conclusion, the %BF affects the registered Tsk values in male Brazilian adolescents assessed by IRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton H. T. Reis
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ciro J. Brito
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-180, Brazil
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alisson G. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Ar, Barbacena 36205-058, Brazil
| | - Ismael Fernández-Cuevas
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matheus S. Cerqueira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Rio Pomba 36180-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Z. Werneck
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - João C. B. Marins
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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Encarnação IGA, Cerqueira MS, Silva DAS, Marins JCB, Magalhães PM. Prediction of body fat in adolescents: validity of the methods relative fat mass, body adiposity index and body fat index. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1651-1659. [PMID: 34558017 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the validity of anthropometric methods body adiposity index (BAI), relative fat mass (RFM) and body fat index (BFI) to estimate body fat percentage (%BF) in adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 420 Brazilian adolescents aged 15-19 years, stratified by age (< 18 years, n = 356; ≥ 18 years, n = 64) and sex (boys, n = 216; girls, n = 204). The Anthropometric measurements height, body weight, hip circumference and waist circumference were collected to calculate the %BF by BAI, RFM, BFI methods. Subsequently, %BF was measured by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), adopted as a reference method. In the statistical analysis of the data, the Pearson correlation test and the paired t test between %BF obtained by the equations and by the DXA were performed. The method validation criterion was that 68% of individuals should be within an acceptable error range of ± 3.5% of BF and Cohen's Kappa index ≥ 0.61. Additionally, the Bland-Altman graphical analysis was performed. RESULTS All methods showed a high correlation with DXA. For the Kappa index, only the RFM reached the criterion in the total sample (0.67) and in the sample < 18 years (0.68). None of the methods reached the criterion of 68% of the sample within the error range of ± 3.5% of BF. CONCLUSION The BAI, RFM and BFI equations were not valid for predicting BF in the studied sample according to the criteria adopted regardless of sex or age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irismar G A Encarnação
- School of Education, Campus Santa Apolónia, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal. .,School of Education, Campus Santa Apolónia, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Matheus S Cerqueira
- Campus Rio Pomba, Federal Institute Southeast of Minas Gerais, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego A S Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João C B Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Magalhães
- School of Education, Campus Santa Apolónia, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Teixeira RB, Dos Santos Amorim PR, Marins JCB, de L X Martins Y, de Souza Magalhães Marques S, Aguiar VPR, Palotás A, Lima LM. Physical Inactivity is Liable to the Increased Cardiovascular Risk and Impaired Cognitive Profile. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:365-372. [PMID: 32442085 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200522205646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary life-style is a significant public health issue. It increases the incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), which in turn may impair physical and mental health. In fact, disrupted glucose metabolism is characteristic of Alzheimer's dementia, and it is often dubbed as type-3 diabetes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the level of activity, body composition, cardiovascular risk and cognitive profile of patients with DM2 and/or SAH. The study was cross-sectional design. METHOD The sample consisted of 120 individuals which 35% men and 65% women, with an average of 64±9 years old and 60±11 years old, respectively. Various parameters were evaluated such as anthropometric variables, pedometer recordings and brief cognitive screening battery (BCSB), which assesses the immediate memory, verbal fluency, learning, late memory and recognition. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were applied to observe possible differences between men and women. In addition to Kruskall-Wallis, in the comparison between patients with SAH; DM2 and SAH + DM2. RESULTS A high rate of physical inactivity was found among those enrolled in this project. Females were characterized by increased body fat, whereas men displayed visceral fat excess. BCSB demonstrated reduced verbal fluency, late memory and recognition, with women presenting significantly worse results. CONCLUSION Low level of daily physical activity is apparently correlated with obesity, elevated cardiovascular risk, and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João C B Marins
- Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa (Minas Gerais), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - András Palotás
- Asklepios-Med (Private Medical Practice and Research Center), Szeged, Hungary.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Luciana M Lima
- Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa (Minas Gerais), Brazil
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da Silva CD, Machado G, Fernandes AA, Teoldo I, Pimenta EM, Marins JCB, Garcia ES. Muscle Damage-Based Recovery Strategies Can Be Supported by Predictive Capacity of Specific Global Positioning System Accelerometry Parameters Immediately a Post-Soccer Match-Load. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1410-1418. [PMID: 30363040 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT da Silva, CD, Machado, G, Fernandes, AA, Teoldo, I, Pimenta, EM, Marins, JCB, and Garcia, ES. Muscle damage-based recovery strategies can be supported by predictive capacity of specific global positioning system accelerometry parameters immediately after soccer match-load. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1410-1418, 2021-Soccer match-load can be linked to recovery kinetic markers. However, match variability hinders the magnitude of relationship between parameters of interest. Therefore, we examined the correlation between 21 global positioning system accelerometry (GPS-A) parameters and changes in serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations, muscle soreness (MS), and perceptive recovery quality (PRQ) assessed at baseline (1 h before) and post (0 minute, 2, 4, and 24 hours) a standardized 90-minute match-simulation in 20 university players. Global positioning system accelerometry (15 Hz) data were tested as manufacturer and configurable thresholds. Four GPS-A parameters showed moderate to very large correlations with CK changes at all time points (average speed [avgSP, r = 0.75 to r = 0.84]; running symmetry foot strikes [RSfst, r = 0.53-0.63]; running series [RunS, r = 0.53-0.61]; and acceleration distance [AccD ≥ 1.5 m·s-2; r = 0.46-0.61]). Sprint count (≥2 m·s-2), AccD (≥2.5 m·s-2) and speed exertion (SpEx) had a moderate to large correlation (r = 0.46-0.56) with CK changes from 2 to 24 hours. Changes in MS at 0 minute had large correlation with avgSP (r = 0.53) and moderate with deceleration distance (≥-2 and ≥-3 m·s-2; r = 0.47, r = 0.48, respectively). The PRQ changes had moderate inverse correlation with avgSP at 0 minute (r = -0.39) and SpEx at 2 h (r = -0.69). Our results suggest that during a simulated soccer protocol with a standard workload, only the avgSP has practical application for predicting CK changes over 24 hours, allowing for a decision-making toward a postgame recovery based on previously known CK cutoff points. Global positioning system accelerometry parameters and subjective variables did not demonstrate relevant correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano D da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Machado
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Research and Studies in Soccer, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex Andrade Fernandes
- Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Israel Teoldo
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Research and Studies in Soccer, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Pimenta
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João C B Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; and
| | - Emerson S Garcia
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
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Ferreira-Júnior JB, Chaves SFN, Pinheiro MHA, Rezende VHS, Freitas EDS, Marins JCB, Bara-Filho MG, Vieira A, Bottaro M, Costa CMA. Is skin temperature associated with muscle recovery status following a single bout of leg press? Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 33631736 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abe9fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The measurement of skin temperature using infrared thermography has gained a lot of attention in sport and science since it might be related to the recovery process following high intensity, potentially damaging exercise. This study investigated the time course of the skin temperature response and the muscle recovery status following a resistance training session involving leg press exercise.Approach. Fourteen young male college students (19.9 ± 1.7 years, 176 ± 6 cm, 66.1 ± 7.6 kg, 21.1 ± 1.8 kg.m-2) performed one session involving 10 sets, of 10 repetition maximum each (RM), of unilateral leg press 45° exercise, performed to momentary muscle failure, with 2 min rest between sets. Perceived recovery, mean and maximum thigh skin temperatures, thigh muscle thickness, maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness, and horizontal jump performance were measured pre, 24, 48, and 72 h following exercise.Main results. The exercise protocol resulted in significant reduction in isometric strength, horizontal jump performance, and perceived recovery (p < 0.05). There was also a significant (p < 0.05) increase in muscle thickness and muscle soreness. With exception of jump performance, that recovered at 48 (p > 0.05), recovery parameters did not recover up to 72 h post-exercise (p > 0.05). Surprisingly, skin temperatures were not altered throughout the entire 72 h post-exercise period (p > 0.05). No significant positive correlation was found between skin temperatures and muscle thickness. Additionally, only one out of 16 correlation coefficients showed significant (r = -0.56,p = 0.036) inverse association between skin temperature and isometric strength.Significance. In conclusion, thigh skin temperature remains unaffected up to 72 h following a leg press exercise, and the time course response of thigh skin temperature was not associated with recovery status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria H A Pinheiro
- Federal Institute of Sudeste of Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, MG, Brazil
| | - Vitor H S Rezende
- Federal Institute of Sudeste of Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo D S Freitas
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos M A Costa
- Federal Institute of Sudeste of Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, MG, Brazil.,Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Bernardina GRD, Cerveri P, Barros RML, Marins JCB, Silvatti AP. In-air versus underwater comparison of 3D reconstruction accuracy using action sport cameras. J Biomech 2017; 51:77-82. [PMID: 27974154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Action sport cameras (ASC) have achieved a large consensus for recreational purposes due to ongoing cost decrease, image resolution and frame rate increase, along with plug-and-play usability. Consequently, they have been recently considered for sport gesture studies and quantitative athletic performance evaluation. In this paper, we evaluated the potential of two ASCs (GoPro Hero3+) for in-air (laboratory) and underwater (swimming pool) three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis as a function of different camera setups involving the acquisition frequency, image resolution and field of view. This is motivated by the fact that in swimming, movement cycles are characterized by underwater and in-air phases what imposes the technical challenge of having a split volume configuration: an underwater measurement volume observed by underwater cameras and an in-air measurement volume observed by in-air cameras. The reconstruction of whole swimming cycles requires thus merging of simultaneous measurements acquired in both volumes. Characterizing and optimizing the instrumental errors of such a configuration makes mandatory the assessment of the instrumental errors of both volumes. In order to calibrate the camera stereo pair, black spherical markers placed on two calibration tools, used both in-air and underwater, and a two-step nonlinear optimization were exploited. The 3D reconstruction accuracy of testing markers and the repeatability of the estimated camera parameters accounted for system performance. For both environments, statistical tests were focused on the comparison of the different camera configurations. Then, each camera configuration was compared across the two environments. In all assessed resolutions, and in both environments, the reconstruction error (true distance between the two testing markers) was less than 3mm and the error related to the working volume diagonal was in the range of 1:2000 (3×1.3×1.5m3) to 1:7000 (4.5×2.2×1.5m3) in agreement with the literature. Statistically, the 3D accuracy obtained in the in-air environment was poorer (p<10-5) than the one in the underwater environment, across all the tested camera configurations. Related to the repeatability of the camera parameters, we found a very low variability in both environments (1.7% and 2.9%, in-air and underwater). This result encourage the use of ASC technology to perform quantitative reconstruction both in-air and underwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Cerveri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Itália
| | - Ricardo M L Barros
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João C B Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Amanda P Silvatti
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Wilke CF, Ramos GP, Pacheco DAS, Santos WHM, Diniz MSL, Gonçalves GGP, Marins JCB, Wanner SP, Silami-Garcia E. Metabolic Demand and Internal Training Load in Technical-Tactical Training Sessions of Professional Futsal Players. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2330-40. [PMID: 26808850 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wilke, CF, Ramos, GP, Pacheco, DAS, Santos, WHM, Diniz, MSL, Gonçalves, GGP, Marins, JCB, Wanner, SP, and Silami-Garcia, E. Metabolic demand and internal training load in technical-tactical training sessions of professional futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2330-2340, 2016-The aim of the study was to characterize aspects of technical-tactical training sessions of a professional futsal team. We addressed 4 specific aims: characterize the metabolic demands and intensity of these training sessions, compare the training intensity among players of different positions, compare the intensity of different futsal-specific activities (4 × 4, 6 × 4, and match simulation), and investigate the association between an objective (training impulse; TRIMP) and a subjective method (session rating of perceived exertion; sRPE) of measuring a player's internal training load. Twelve top-level futsal players performed an incremental exercise to determine their maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate (HRmax), ventilatory threshold (VT), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Each player's HR and RPE were measured and used to calculate energy expenditure, TRIMP, and sRPE during 37 training sessions over 8 weeks. The average intensity was 74 ± 4% of HRmax, which corresponded to 9.3 kcal·min. The players trained at intensities above the RCP, between the RCP and VT and below the VT for 20 ± 8%, 28 ± 6%, and 51 ± 10% of the session duration, respectively. Wingers, defenders, and pivots exercised at a similar average intensity but with different intensity distributions. No difference in intensity was found between the 3 typical activities. A strong correlation between the average daily TRIMP and sRPE was observed; however, this relationship was significant for only 4 of 12 players, indicating that sRPE is a useful tool for monitoring training loads but that it should be interpreted for each player individually rather than collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F Wilke
- 1Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduation Program in Sport Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil; 2Nucleus of Sport Sciences Integration, Minas Tênis Club, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil; 3Brazilian Football Confederation, Teresópolis (RJ), Brazil; and 4Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa (MG), Brazil
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Bernardina GRD, Cerveri P, Barros RML, Marins JCB, Silvatti AP. Action Sport Cameras as an Instrument to Perform a 3D Underwater Motion Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160490. [PMID: 27513846 PMCID: PMC4981397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Action sport cameras (ASC) are currently adopted mainly for entertainment purposes but their uninterrupted technical improvements, in correspondence of cost decreases, are going to disclose them for three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis in sport gesture study and athletic performance evaluation quantitatively. Extending this technology to sport analysis however still requires a methodologic step-forward to making ASC a metric system, encompassing ad-hoc camera setup, image processing, feature tracking, calibration and 3D reconstruction. Despite traditional laboratory analysis, such requirements become an issue when coping with both indoor and outdoor motion acquisitions of athletes. In swimming analysis for example, the camera setup and the calibration protocol are particularly demanding since land and underwater cameras are mandatory. In particular, the underwater camera calibration can be an issue affecting the reconstruction accuracy. In this paper, the aim is to evaluate the feasibility of ASC for 3D underwater analysis by focusing on camera setup and data acquisition protocols. Two GoPro Hero3+ Black (frequency: 60Hz; image resolutions: 1280×720/1920×1080 pixels) were located underwater into a swimming pool, surveying a working volume of about 6m3. A two-step custom calibration procedure, consisting in the acquisition of one static triad and one moving wand, carrying nine and one spherical passive markers, respectively, was implemented. After assessing camera parameters, a rigid bar, carrying two markers at known distance, was acquired in several positions within the working volume. The average error upon the reconstructed inter-marker distances was less than 2.5mm (1280×720) and 1.5mm (1920×1080). The results of this study demonstrate that the calibration of underwater ASC is feasible enabling quantitative kinematic measurements with accuracy comparable to traditional motion capture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Cerveri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Itália
| | - Ricardo M L Barros
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João C B Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Amanda P Silvatti
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Costa CMA, Sillero-Quintana M, Piñonosa Cano S, Moreira DG, Brito CJ, Fernandes AA, Pussieldi GA, Marins JCB. Daily oscillations of skin temperature in military personnel using thermography. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2015; 162:335-342. [PMID: 26385071 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2015-000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human body makes many physiological adjustments throughout the day, including adjustments to body temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine oscillations in the skin temperature (Tsk-1-Tsk-25) at 25 body regions of interest (ROIs) over 1 day using infrared thermography. METHODS Tsk values of 31 male (age 22.9±3.0 years) Brazilian Air Force members were evaluated from five thermograms collected at 7, 11, 15, 19 and 23 h (Tsk7,11,15,19,23) by a Fluke imager. We applied one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures for the different times of the day and Tukey's post hoc test to determine significant Tsk differences between ROIs (α=0.05), and the cosinor analysis was used to determine the midline estimating statistic of rhythm, amplitude and acrophase of Tsk during the 24 h period. RESULTS The anterior hands showed the greatest Tsk variations throughout the day. In the lower limbs, scapula, abdomen, chest and lower back, Tsk-11, Tsk-15, Tsk-19 and Tsk-23 were significantly different (p<0.05) from Tsk-7. The lowest Tsk values were obtained in the early morning, with increases in the afternoon and levelling after 15:00. CONCLUSIONS The Tsk at all ROIs and the averaged Tsk showed oscillations throughout the day, with the lowest values in the early morning (07:00). Temperature fluctuations depended on the specific ROI, with thermal stabilisation in some regions in the afternoon and a central upward trend throughout the day in the hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Magno Amaral Costa
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil Aeronatutics Instruction and Adaptation Center, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Piñonosa Cano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - D G Moreira
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C J Brito
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A A Fernandes
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G A Pussieldi
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J C B Marins
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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da Silva CD, Impellizzeri FM, Natali AJ, de Lima JRP, Bara-Filho MG, Silami-Garçia E, Marins JCB. Exercise intensity and technical demands of small-sided games in young Brazilian soccer players: effect of number of players, maturation, and reliability. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 25:2746-51. [PMID: 21912285 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31820da061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine in young soccer players (a) the effect of varying the number of players on exercise intensity (EI) and technical actions during small-sided games (SSGs), (b) the reliability of EI and technical actions, and (c) the influence of the players' maturation on EI and involvements with the ball (IWBs). Sixteen male soccer players (mean ± SD; age 13.5 ± 0.7 years, height 164 ± 7 cm, and weight 51.8 ± 8 kg) completed 2 bouts of 3 vs. 3 (SSG3), 4 vs. 4 (SSG4), and 5 vs. 5 (SSG5) training. Exercise intensity was measured using heart rate and expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate (%MHR). Technical actions were quantified from video recordings. Maturation stage was determined with the Tanner scale. Exercise intensity in SSG3 (89.8 ± 2%MHR) was higher (p < 0.003) than that in SSG5 (86.9 ± 3%MHR). The EI in the first set (86.8 ± 4%MHR) was lower (p < 0.001) than that in the second (89.1 ± 3%MHR) and in the third set (89.4 ± 3%MRH). No effects of number of players were found in IWB, passes, target passes, tackles, and headers. Significantly more crosses, dribbling, and shots on goal were observed during SSG3 compared to during SSG4 or SSG5 (p < 0.05). The typical error for EI, expressed as coefficient of variation, ranged from 2.2 to 3.4%. The reliability for the most frequent technical actions ranged from 6.8 to 19.3%. The level of maturation was not correlated with either EI or IWB. These results extend previous findings with adult players suggesting that SSGs can provide an adequate training stimulus for young players and are feasible for groups with heterogeneous maturation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano D da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Da Silva RP, Mündel T, Natali AJ, Bara Filho MG, Alfenas RCG, Lima JRP, Belfort FG, Lopes PRNR, Marins JCB. Pre-game hydration status, sweat loss, and fluid intake in elite Brazilian young male soccer players during competition. J Sports Sci 2012; 30:37-42. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.623711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Silva RP, Mündel T, Natali AJ, Bara Filho MG, Lima JRP, Alfenas RCG, Lopes PRNR, Belfort FG, Marins JCB. Fluid balance of elite Brazilian youth soccer players during consecutive days of training. J Sports Sci 2011; 29:725-32. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.552189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Silva RP, Mündel T, Altoé JL, Saldanha MR, Ferreira FG, Marins JCB. Preexercise urine specific gravity and fluid intake during one-hour running in a thermoneutral environment - a randomized cross-over study. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9:464-471. [PMID: 24149642 PMCID: PMC3761697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Urine specific gravity is often used to assess hydration status. Athletes who are hypohydrated prior to exercise tend to ingest more fluid during the exercise, possibly to compensate for their pre exercise fluid deficit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional fluid intake on fluid balance and gastrointestinal tract comfort during 1h running in a thermoneutral environment when athletes followed their habitual fluid and dietary regimes. Sixteen men and sixteen women ingested a 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution immediately prior to exercise and then every 15 minutes during two runs, with a consumption rate of 2 mL.kg(-1) (LV, lower volume) or 3 mL.kg(-1) (HV, higher volume) body mass. Urine specific gravity and body mass changes were determined before and after the tests to estimate hydration status. During exercise subjects verbally responded to surveys inquiring about gastrointestinal symptoms, sensation of thirst and ratings of perceived exertion. Plasma glucose, heart rate and blood pressure were also evaluated. Men had higher preexercise urine specific gravity than women (1.025 vs. 1.016 g·mL(-1) HV; and 1.024 vs. 1.017 g·mL(-1) LV) and greater sweat loss (1.21 ± 0.27 L vs. 0.83 ± 0.21 L HV; and 1.18 ± 0.23 L vs. 0.77 ± 0.17 LV). Prevalence of gastrointestinal discomfort increased after 45 min. No significant differences on heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, blood pressure or glycemia was observed with the additional fluid intake. From these results it appears that additional fluid intake reduces body mass loss and thirst sensation. When compared to the men, however, preexercise euhydration was more common in women and an increased fluid intake increases the risk of body mass gain and gastrointestinal discomfort. Key pointsThere seems to be a wide variability in pre-exercise hydration status between male and female and efforts aimed at educating athletes about the importance of pregame hydration must be emphasized.The fluid ingestion during running exercise in a moderate environment reduces body mass loss and thirst sensation, but an increased fluid intake at rates to match the fluid loss might raise the risk of body mass gain in women during prolonged activities.Individual gastric tolerance and familiarization with fluid replacement should be taken into account when providing athletes with strategies for hydration during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael P Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa MG, Brazil
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Dias JC, Coelho DB, Mortimer LDACF, Condessa LA, Marins JCB, Soares DD, Emerson SG. Intensity Of Brazilian Official Soccer Games. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355487.76657.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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