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Gehrig TW, Berk LS, Dudley RI, Smith JA, Gharibvand L, Lohman EB. The feigned annoyance and frustration test to activate the sympathoadrenal medullary system. Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol 2024; 18:100232. [PMID: 38596409 PMCID: PMC11002885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
When perceived as threatening, social interactions have been shown to trigger the sympathoadrenal medullary system as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis resulting in a physiologic stress response. The allostatic load placed on human health and physiology in the context of acute and chronic stress can have profound health consequences. The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for a lab-based stress stimulus using social-evaluative threat. While several valid, stress-stimulating protocols exist, we sought to develop one that triggered a physiologic response, did not require significant lab resources, and could be completed in around 10 min. We included 53 participants (29 men and 24 women) and exposed them to a modified version of the Stroop Color-Word Interference Task during which the participants were made to feel they were performing the task poorly while the lead researcher feigned annoyance and frustration. After exposure to this Feigned Annoyance and Frustration (FAF) Test, both the men and women in this study demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful increase in subjective stress on the visual analog scale. Additionally, the men in this study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in heart rate and salivary α-amylase concentrations after exposure to the test. The women in this study did not demonstrate a statistically significant increase in the physiologic stress biomarkers. This protocol for the FAF Test shows promise to researchers with limited time and resources who are interested in experimentally activating the sympathoadrenal medullary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W. Gehrig
- Loma Linda University School of Allied Health Professions Department of Physical Therapy, 24951 N. Circle Dr., A-620, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lee S. Berk
- Loma Linda University School of Allied Health Professions, And School of Medicine, 24951 N. Circle Dr., A-620, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Robert I. Dudley
- Loma Linda University School of Allied Health Professions Department of Physical Therapy, 24951 N. Circle Dr., A-620, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jo A. Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Rd., Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Lida Gharibvand
- Loma Linda University School of Allied Health Professions, 24951 N. Circle Dr., A-620, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Everett B. Lohman
- Loma Linda University School of Allied Health Professions Department of Physical Therapy, 24951 N. Circle Dr., A-620, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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2
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Nizza IE, Smith JA, Kirkham JA. Picturing oneself over time: a multi-modal interpretative phenomenological analysis of pain management trajectories. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:741-753. [PMID: 38102753 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain (CP) can be a disabling condition with impacts that affect the sense of identity of those who live with it. This article idiographically describes the longitudinal evolution of the sense of self of participants following their referral to a pain management service and participation in a pain management programme (PMP). METHODS Participants were interviewed three times: before they attended a PMP, and 1 and 6 months after the PMP. Data included the drawings of themselves that participants created at each interview and the transcripts of the interviews guided by the drawings, analysed longitudinally using interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS This paper describes in detail the cases of four participants: two who experienced a positive albeit troubled trajectory following their PMP and two who did not experience any positive change. The results provide a nuanced account of how the impacts of CP on identity can evolve, with different people engaging with different aspects of a PMP and some people not engaging at all, and how pain self-management strategies enable those that do engage to cope in times of difficulty. CONCLUSIONS Participant responses to PMP participation are idiosyncratic and interviews with drawings of self analysed longitudinally can help illustrate processes of change. SIGNIFICANCE Not enough is understood about why some people get limited benefits from pain services. This idiographic longitudinal study illustrates how the impact of CP on identity can evolve when people are introduced to pain self-management, with some embracing change and others resisting it. For clinicians, this study describes four detailed CP individual paths, showing the interaction between contextual and idiosyncratic aspects. This is also the first study to use multiple drawings of self to explore the impacts of illness on identity longitudinally. In a person-centred approach to treatment, the drawings of self could also be adopted as a tool in clinician-patient conversations to gain a deeper understanding of the impacts of living with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Nizza
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - J A Kirkham
- Kent Community Health NHS Trust, Ashford, UK
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3
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Hall TR, MacDonald JE, Bylinowski KM, Alvarez EA, Hardesty MM, Smith JA. Management of chemotherapy hypersensitivity reactions and desensitization: An SGO clinical practice statement. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 177:180-185. [PMID: 37717346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this practice statement is to help members and their multidisciplinary teams recognize infusion reactions and hypersensitivity reactions in the clinical setting. It will provide recommendations to help guide response to reactions and desensitization when appropriate, to promote safe use of chemotherapeutic agents among all providers in the delivery process. METHODS A multi-disciplinary team of healthcare professionals from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology Education Committee collaborated to review peer reviewed literature and guidelines to develop a practice statement on the management of chemotherapy hypersensitivity reactions and desensitization regimens. RESULTS There is always potential for a patient to have a reaction to any medication, with both infusion reactions and hypersensitivity reactions potentially occurring in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Premedication to prevent reactions should be given at least prior to infusion for regimens that include the most common agents associated with reactions. At the time when reaction is occurring it might be difficult to distinguish between an infusion reaction versus true hypersensitivity given the similarities in signs and symptoms, therefore it is important that orders to manage reactions be included in every chemotherapy order set so the infusion nurse can provide immediate interventions while waiting for the provider to arrive to assess the patient. Desensitization is a potential option to allow the patient to continue to receive the offending agent. While a variety of desensitization regimens have been presented in the literature, the goal is to minimize steps and variability to decrease opportunity for errors during chemotherapy preparation or administration. CONCLUSION Incorporating a review of the literature and clinical experience from the SGO Education Committee, this paper provides an overview of current approaches for prevention and management of reactions to commonly used chemotherapy agents for gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Hall
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America.
| | - J E MacDonald
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - K M Bylinowski
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - E A Alvarez
- University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - M M Hardesty
- Alaska Women's Cancer Care, Anchorage, AK, United States of America
| | - J A Smith
- UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States of America
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4
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Schmidt BE, Washam P, Davis PED, Nicholls KW, Holland DM, Lawrence JD, Riverman KL, Smith JA, Spears A, Dichek DJG, Mullen AD, Clyne E, Yeager B, Anker P, Meister MR, Hurwitz BC, Quartini ES, Bryson FE, Basinski-Ferris A, Thomas C, Wake J, Vaughan DG, Anandakrishnan S, Rignot E, Paden J, Makinson K. Publisher Correction: Heterogeneous melting near the Thwaites Glacier grounding line. Nature 2023; 615:E21. [PMID: 36829047 PMCID: PMC10017506 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B E Schmidt
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - P Washam
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - D M Holland
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Global Sea Level Change, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - J D Lawrence
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K L Riverman
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J A Smith
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Spears
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D J G Dichek
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A D Mullen
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E Clyne
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.,Environmental Studies, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B Yeager
- Center for Global Sea Level Change, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Anker
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - M R Meister
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B C Hurwitz
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E S Quartini
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - F E Bryson
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Basinski-Ferris
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Thomas
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Wake
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - S Anandakrishnan
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - E Rignot
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J Paden
- Center for Remote Sensing and Integrated Systems, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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5
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Schmidt BE, Washam P, Davis PED, Nicholls KW, Holland DM, Lawrence JD, Riverman KL, Smith JA, Spears A, Dichek DJG, Mullen AD, Clyne E, Yeager B, Anker P, Meister MR, Hurwitz BC, Quartini ES, Bryson FE, Basinski-Ferris A, Thomas C, Wake J, Vaughan DG, Anandakrishnan S, Rignot E, Paden J, Makinson K. Heterogeneous melting near the Thwaites Glacier grounding line. Nature 2023; 614:471-478. [PMID: 36792738 PMCID: PMC9931587 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Thwaites Glacier represents 15% of the ice discharge from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and influences a wider catchment1-3. Because it is grounded below sea level4,5, Thwaites Glacier is thought to be susceptible to runaway retreat triggered at the grounding line (GL) at which the glacier reaches the ocean6,7. Recent ice-flow acceleration2,8 and retreat of the ice front8-10 and GL11,12 indicate that ice loss will continue. The relative impacts of mechanisms underlying recent retreat are however uncertain. Here we show sustained GL retreat from at least 2011 to 2020 and resolve mechanisms of ice-shelf melt at the submetre scale. Our conclusions are based on observations of the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) from an underwater vehicle, extending from the GL to 3 km oceanward and from the ice-ocean interface to the sea floor. These observations show a rough ice base above a sea floor sloping upward towards the GL and an ocean cavity in which the warmest water exceeds 2 °C above freezing. Data closest to the ice base show that enhanced melting occurs along sloped surfaces that initiate near the GL and evolve into steep-sided terraces. This pronounced melting along steep ice faces, including in crevasses, produces stratification that suppresses melt along flat interfaces. These data imply that slope-dependent melting sculpts the ice base and acts as an important response to ocean warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Schmidt
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - P Washam
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - D M Holland
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Global Sea Level Change, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - J D Lawrence
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K L Riverman
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J A Smith
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Spears
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D J G Dichek
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A D Mullen
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E Clyne
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Environmental Studies, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B Yeager
- Center for Global Sea Level Change, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Anker
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - M R Meister
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B C Hurwitz
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E S Quartini
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - F E Bryson
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Basinski-Ferris
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Thomas
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Wake
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - S Anandakrishnan
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - E Rignot
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J Paden
- Center for Remote Sensing and Integrated Systems, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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6
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Strzelinski M, Brody LT, Smith JA, Bronner S. Reliability of a Barre-Mounted Dynamometer-Stabilizing Device in Measuring Dance-Specific Muscle Performance. Med Probl Perform Art 2021; 36:27-33. [PMID: 33647094 DOI: 10.21091/mppa.2021.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand-held dynamometry is considered an efficient, effective, and portable means of objectively measuring lower extremity strength; however, it has yet to be studied specific to dance-relevant muscle performance. Also, dynamometry is often criticized for variability in results based on tester strength and sex. Use of an external stabilizing device has been suggested to minimize differences in outcomes between male and female testers by reducing variability associated with tester strength limitations. Therefore, this study used a barre-mounted, portable dynamometer stabilizing device to improve consistency of results among different testers for assessing hip and lower extremity muscle performance in dance-relevant positions. OBJECTIVE To assess the intra and inter-rater reliability of a barre-mounted dynamometer stabilizing device in measuring muscle performance in common dance maneuvers. METHODS Two testers assessed muscle performance of three common dance maneuvers--développé en avant, à la secondé, and arabesque--on 11 pre-professional and professional dancers on two separate occasions to establish intra- and inter-rater reliability of the barre-mounted dynamometer stabilizing device. RESULTS Intra-rater reliability was moderate to high and inter-rater reliability of the device was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.527-0.851 and 0.834-0.953, respectively, for all positions. CONCLUSIONS The barre-mounted stabilizing device shows promise in mitigating tester strength or fatigue in assessing muscle performance of dancers. Initial assessment of the device suggests further study may be indicated to improve generalizability to applications of larger-scale muscle performance screening and assessment in dancers or other athletic populations who engage in movements that require extensive hip range of motion and multi-joint stability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using a portable, barre-mounted stabilizing device in assessing multi-joint lower extremity muscle performance in dancers improves consistency of testing results. Application of this testing device into wider scale screenings could assist in developing normative data for a population that is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Strzelinski
- Lutheran Spine Center, 1687 Cole Blvd. Suite 103, Lakewood, CO 80401, USA. Tel 303-403-6688.
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7
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Christiansen C, Castillo-Fernandez JE, Domingo-Relloso A, Zhao W, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Tsai PC, Maddock J, Haack K, Cole SA, Kardia SLR, Molokhia M, Suderman M, Power C, Relton C, Wong A, Kuh D, Goodman A, Small KS, Smith JA, Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Ploubidis GB, Hardy R, Bell JT. Novel DNA methylation signatures of tobacco smoking with trans-ethnic effects. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:36. [PMID: 33593402 PMCID: PMC7888173 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of death. Smoking leaves a strong signature on the blood methylome as shown in multiple studies using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Here, we explore novel blood methylation smoking signals on the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC) array, which also targets novel CpG-sites in enhancers. METHOD A smoking-methylation meta-analysis was carried out using EPIC DNA methylation profiles in 1407 blood samples from four UK population-based cohorts, including the MRC National Survey for Health and Development (NSHD) or 1946 British birth cohort, the National Child Development Study (NCDS) or 1958 birth cohort, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), and the TwinsUK cohort (TwinsUK). The overall discovery sample included 269 current, 497 former, and 643 never smokers. Replication was pursued in 3425 trans-ethnic samples, including 2325 American Indian individuals participating in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) in 1989-1991 and 1100 African-American participants in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy Study (GENOA). RESULTS Altogether 952 CpG-sites in 500 genes were differentially methylated between smokers and never smokers after Bonferroni correction. There were 526 novel smoking-associated CpG-sites only profiled by the EPIC array, of which 486 (92%) replicated in a meta-analysis of the American Indian and African-American samples. Novel CpG sites mapped both to genes containing previously identified smoking-methylation signals and to 80 novel genes not previously linked to smoking, with the strongest novel signal in SLAMF7. Comparison of former versus never smokers identified that 37 of these sites were persistently differentially methylated after cessation, where 16 represented novel signals only profiled by the EPIC array. We observed a depletion of smoking-associated signals in CpG islands and an enrichment in enhancer regions, consistent with previous results. CONCLUSION This study identified novel smoking-associated signals as possible biomarkers of exposure to smoking and may help improve our understanding of smoking-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christiansen
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - A Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J S El-Sayed Moustafa
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P-C Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - J Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Molokhia
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Power
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Goodman
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - K S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - G B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Conejos-Sánchez I, Gallon E, Niño-Pariente A, Smith JA, De la Fuente AG, Di Canio L, Pluchino S, Franklin RJM, Vicent MJ. Polyornithine-based polyplexes to boost effective gene silencing in CNS disorders. Nanoscale 2020; 12:6285-6299. [PMID: 31840717 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing therapies have successfully suppressed the translation of target proteins, a strategy that holds great promise for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Advances in the current knowledge on multimolecular delivery vehicles are concentrated on overcoming the difficulties in delivery of small interfering (si)RNA to target tissues, which include anatomical accessibility, slow diffusion, safety concerns, and the requirement for specific cell uptake within the unique environment of the CNS. The present work addressed these challenges through the implementation of polyornithine derivatives in the construction of polyplexes used as non-viral siRNA delivery vectors. Physicochemical and biological characterization revealed biodegradability and biocompatibility of our polyornithine-based system and the ability to silence gene expression in primary oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) effectively. In summary, the well-defined properties and neurological compatibility of this polypeptide-based platform highlight its potential utility in the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Conejos-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
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Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Lombard L, Roets F, Swart WJ, Alvarado P, Carnegie AJ, Moreno G, Luangsaard J, Thangavel R, Alexandrova AV, Baseia IG, Bellanger JM, Bessette AE, Bessette AR, De la Peña-Lastra S, García D, Gené J, Pham THG, Heykoop M, Malysheva E, Malysheva V, Martín MP, Morozova OV, Noisripoom W, Overton BE, Rea AE, Sewall BJ, Smith ME, Smyth CW, Tasanathai K, Visagie CM, Adamčík S, Alves A, Andrade JP, Aninat MJ, Araújo RVB, Bordallo JJ, Boufleur T, Baroncelli R, Barreto RW, Bolin J, Cabero J, Caboň M, Cafà G, Caffot MLH, Cai L, Carlavilla JR, Chávez R, de Castro RRL, Delgat L, Deschuyteneer D, Dios MM, Domínguez LS, Evans HC, Eyssartier G, Ferreira BW, Figueiredo CN, Liu F, Fournier J, Galli-Terasawa LV, Gil-Durán C, Glienke C, Gonçalves MFM, Gryta H, Guarro J, Himaman W, Hywel-Jones N, Iturrieta-González I, Ivanushkina NE, Jargeat P, Khalid AN, Khan J, Kiran M, Kiss L, Kochkina GA, Kolařík M, Kubátová A, Lodge DJ, Loizides M, Luque D, Manjón JL, Marbach PAS, Massola NS, Mata M, Miller AN, Mongkolsamrit S, Moreau PA, Morte A, Mujic A, Navarro-Ródenas A, Németh MZ, Nóbrega TF, Nováková A, Olariaga I, Ozerskaya SM, Palma MA, Petters-Vandresen DAL, Piontelli E, Popov ES, Rodríguez A, Requejo Ó, Rodrigues ACM, Rong IH, Roux J, Seifert KA, Silva BDB, Sklenář F, Smith JA, Sousa JO, Souza HG, De Souza JT, Švec K, Tanchaud P, Tanney JB, Terasawa F, Thanakitpipattana D, Torres-Garcia D, Vaca I, Vaghefi N, van Iperen AL, Vasilenko OV, Verbeken A, Yilmaz N, Zamora JC, Zapata M, Jurjević Ž, Groenewald JZ. Fungal Planet description sheets: 951-1041. Persoonia 2019; 43:223-425. [PMID: 32214501 PMCID: PMC7085856 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2019.43.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense from an unidentified marine sponge. Argentina, Geastrum wrightii on humus in mixed forest. Australia, Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera, Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.) on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles, Lactifluus guanensis on soil. Canada, Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna from carbonatite in Karst cave. Colombia, Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Costa Rica, Psathyrella pivae on wood. Cyprus, Clavulina iris on calcareous substrate. France, Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis on soil. French West Indies, Helminthosphaeria hispidissima on dead wood. Guatemala, Talaromyces guatemalensis in soil. Malaysia, Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotracylla gen. nov.) and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii. New Zealand, Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera, Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan, Russula quercus-floribundae on forest floor. Portugal, Trichoderma aestuarinum from saline water. Russia, Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduous wood or soil. South Africa, Alloconiothyrium encephalarti, Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.) on leaves of Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis, Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme, Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Eugenia capensis, Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi, Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Nephrolepis exaltata, Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa, Harzia metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopotamyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Phragmites australis, Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea, Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla, Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata, Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai, Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Syzygium sp., Nothoramichloridium perseae (incl. Nothoramichloridium gen. nov. and Anungitiomycetaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Persea americana, Paramycosphaerella watsoniae on leaf spots of Watsonia sp., Penicillium cuddlyae from dog food, Podocarpomyces knysnanus (incl. Podocarpomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Podocarpus falcatus, Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola on leaf spots of Heteropyxis natalensis, Pseudopenidiella podocarpi, Scolecobasidium podocarpi and Ceramothyrium podocarpicola on leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Scolecobasidium blechni on leaves of Blechnum capense, Stomiopeltis syzygii on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Strelitziomyces knysnanus (incl. Strelitziomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Strelitzia alba, Talaromyces clemensii from rotting wood in goldmine, Verrucocladosporium visseri on Carpobrotus edulis. Spain, Boletopsis mediterraneensis on soil, Calycina cortegadensisi on a living twig of Castanea sativa, Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata in fluvial sediments, Mollisia cortegadensis on dead attached twig of Quercus robur, Psathyrella ovispora on soil, Pseudobeltrania lauri on leaf litter of Laurus azorica, Terfezia dunensis in soil, Tuber lucentum in soil, Venturia submersa on submerged plant debris. Thailand, Cordyceps jakajanicola on cicada nymph, Cordyceps kuiburiensis on spider, Distoseptispora caricis on leaves of Carex sp., Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis on cicada nymph. USA, Cytosporella juncicola and Davidiellomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus effusus, Monochaetia massachusettsianum from air sample, Neohelicomyces melaleucae and Periconia neobrittanica on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata, Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Pseudogymnoascus lindneri from sediment in a mine, Pseudogymnoascus turneri from sediment in a railroad tunnel, Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum on soil, Zygosporium pseudomasonii on leaf of Serenoa repens. Vietnam, Boletus candidissimus and Veloporphyrellus vulpinus on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - W J Swart
- Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - P Alvarado
- ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, 39012 Santander, Spain
| | - A J Carnegie
- Forest Health & Biosecurity, Forest Science, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Level 12, 10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia
| | - G Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Luangsaard
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - R Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - A V Alexandrova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Faculty of Biology, 119234, 1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Baseia
- Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J-M Bellanger
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - S De la Peña-Lastra
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - T H G Pham
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Saint Petersburg State Forestry University, 194021, 5U Institutsky Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Heykoop
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Malysheva
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - V Malysheva
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M P Martín
- Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - O V Morozova
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - W Noisripoom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - B E Overton
- Department of Biology, 205 East Campus Science Center, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA
| | - A E Rea
- Department of Biology, 205 East Campus Science Center, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA
| | - B J Sewall
- Department of Biology, 1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - M E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - C W Smyth
- Department of Biology, 205 East Campus Science Center, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA
| | - K Tasanathai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - C M Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
- Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection, P. Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa
| | - S Adamčík
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Alves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J P Andrade
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil and Faculdades Integradas de Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - M J Aninat
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Valparaíso, Unidad de Fitopatología, Antonio Varas 120, Valparaíso, Código Postal 2360451, Chile
| | - R V B Araújo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J J Bordallo
- Laboratorio de Investigacion, San Vicente Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - T Boufleur
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - R Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 12; 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain
| | - R W Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - J Bolin
- 7340 Viale Sonata, Lake Worth, FL 33467, USA
| | - J Cabero
- Asociación Micológica Zamorana, 49080 Zamora, Spain
| | - M Caboň
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - G Cafà
- CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK
| | - M L H Caffot
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CP 4600, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - L Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - J R Carlavilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Chávez
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 917002, Santiago, Chile
| | - R R L de Castro
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - L Delgat
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - M M Dios
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Av. Belgrano 300, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - L S Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Micología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - H C Evans
- CAB International, UK Centre, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK
| | - G Eyssartier
- Attaché honoraire au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris, 180 allée du Château, F-24660 Sanilhac, France
| | - B W Ferreira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - F Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | | | - C Gil-Durán
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 917002, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Glienke
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M F M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - H Gryta
- Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - J Guarro
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - W Himaman
- Forest Entomology and Microbiology Research Group, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - N Hywel-Jones
- BioAsia Life Sciences Institute, 1938 Xinqun Rd, Pinghu, Zhejiang 314200, PR China
| | - I Iturrieta-González
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - N E Ivanushkina
- All-Russian collection of microorganisms (VKM), IBPM RAS, prospect Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - P Jargeat
- Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - A N Khalid
- Department of Botany, University of Punjab, Quaid e Azam campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - J Khan
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Punjab, Quaid e Azam campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - L Kiss
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - G A Kochkina
- All-Russian collection of microorganisms (VKM), IBPM RAS, prospect Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - M Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - D J Lodge
- Department of Plant Pathology, 2105 Miller Plant Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | | | - D Luque
- C/Severo Daza 31, 41820 Carrión de los Céspedes (Sevilla), Spain
| | - J L Manjón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - P A S Marbach
- Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - N S Massola
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - M Mata
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - A N Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - S Mongkolsamrit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - P-A Moreau
- Université de Lille, Faculté de pharmacie de Lille, EA 4483, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Mujic
- Department of Biology, Fresno State University, 2555 East San Ramon Ave, Fresno CA 93740, USA
| | - A Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Z Németh
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1022, Herman Otto út 15, Hungary
| | - T F Nóbrega
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - A Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - I Olariaga
- Biology and Geology Physics and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Rey Juan Carlos university, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - S M Ozerskaya
- All-Russian collection of microorganisms (VKM), IBPM RAS, prospect Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - M A Palma
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Valparaíso, Unidad de Fitopatología, Antonio Varas 120, Valparaíso, Código Postal 2360451, Chile
| | | | - E Piontelli
- Universidad de Valparaíso, Facultad de Medicina, Profesor Emérito Cátedra de Micología, Angámos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Código Postal 2540064, Chile
| | - E S Popov
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ó Requejo
- Grupo Micológico Gallego, San Xurxo, A Laxe 12b, 36470, Salceda de Caseleas, Spain
| | - A C M Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - I H Rong
- Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection, P. Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa
| | - J Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K A Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - B D B Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - F Sklenář
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J A Smith
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0680, USA
| | - J O Sousa
- Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - H G Souza
- Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J T De Souza
- Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K Švec
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - P Tanchaud
- 2 rue des Espics, F-17250 Soulignonne, France
| | - J B Tanney
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - F Terasawa
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - D Thanakitpipattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - D Torres-Garcia
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - I Vaca
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Vaghefi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - A L van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O V Vasilenko
- All-Russian collection of microorganisms (VKM), IBPM RAS, prospect Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - A Verbeken
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J C Zamora
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Zapata
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Chillán, Unidad de Fitopatología, Claudio Arrau 738, Chillán, Código Postal 3800773, Chile
| | - Ž Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lee SP, Dinglasan V, Duong A, Totten R, Smith JA. Individuals With Recurrent Low Back Pain Exhibit Significant Changes in Paraspinal Muscle Strength After Intramuscular Fine Wire Electrode Insertion. PM R 2019; 12:775-782. [PMID: 31707770 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how insertion and presence of intramuscular fine-wire electromyography electrodes (IFWEs) in lumbar multifidus affect paraspinal muscle strength, endurance, and activation in persons with and without recurrent lower back pain (RLBP) during activities that require high levels of muscle contraction. DESIGN Case-control with randomization of conditions. SETTING Clinical research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Forty participants age 18 to 40 years were recruited (18 female; mean age = 25.5 years); 20 with a history of RLBP were compared to a matching control group of 20 without RLBP. INTERVENTIONS Each participant was tested under three conditions over three sessions. On Session 1, the baseline condition, we assessed muscle performance without IFWE insertion. On Sessions 2 and 3, participants were randomly alternated between two experimental conditions: (1) wire-in, in which the IFWE was inserted and remained within the muscle during testing; and (2) wire-out, in which the IFWE was inserted and immediately removed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Lumbar spinal extensor peak strength, endurance, and normalized electromyography (EMG) amplitude during the endurance test. RESULTS Individuals with RLBP showed a significant decrease in peak strength during conditions that involved IFWE insertion and tend to experience more pain during muscle testing. Both groups exhibited similar levels of performance and muscle activation during the endurance test. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that individuals with RLBP exhibited reduced lumbar extensor strength in response to IFWE insertion to the deep paraspinal muscles. This behavior is different from those without RLBP. Researchers should carefully consider the use of IFWE in individuals with RLBP during high exertion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ping Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Vincent Dinglasan
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV.,Boulder City Hospital, Boulder City, NV
| | - Anthony Duong
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Russell Totten
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV.,Advanced Healthcare of Reno, Reno, NV
| | - Jo A Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, Orange, CA
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Horne R, Glendinning E, King K, Chalder T, Sabin C, Walker AS, Campbell LJ, Mosweu I, Anderson J, Collins S, Jopling R, McCrone P, Leake Date H, Michie S, Nelson M, Perry N, Smith JA, Sseruma W, Cooper V. Protocol of a two arm randomised, multi-centre, 12-month controlled trial: evaluating the impact of a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based intervention Supporting UPtake and Adherence to antiretrovirals (SUPA) in adults with HIV. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:905. [PMID: 31286908 PMCID: PMC6615195 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Delay to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) and nonadherence compromise the health and wellbeing of people living with HIV (PLWH), raise the cost of care and increase risk of transmission to sexual partners. To date, interventions to improve adherence to ART have had limited success, perhaps because they have failed to systematically elicit and address both perceptual and practical barriers to adherence. The primary aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of the Supporting UPtake and Adherence (SUPA) intervention. Methods This study comprises 2 phases. Phase 1 is an observational cohort study, in which PLWH who are ART naïve and recommended to take ART by their clinician complete a questionnaire assessing their beliefs about ART over 12 months. Phase 2 is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) nested within the observational cohort study to investigate the effectiveness of the SUPA intervention on adherence to ART. PLWH at risk of nonadherence (based on their beliefs about ART) will be recruited and randomised 1:1 to the intervention (SUPA intervention + usual care) and control (usual care) arms. The SUPA intervention involves 4 tailored treatment support sessions delivered by a Research Nurse utilising a collaborative Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) approach. Sessions are tailored to individual needs and preferences based on the individual patient’s perceptions and practical barriers to ART. An animation series and intervention manual have been developed to communicate a rationale for the personal necessity for ART and illustrate concerns and potential solutions. The primary outcome is adherence to ART measured using Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Three hundred seventy-two patients will be sufficient to detect a 15% difference in adherence with 80% power and an alpha of 0.05. Costs will be compared between intervention and control groups. Costs will be combined with the primary outcome in cost-effectiveness analyses. Quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) will also be estimated over the follow-up period and used in the analyses. Discussion The findings will enable patients, healthcare providers and policy makers to make informed decisions about the value of the SUPA intervention. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered 21/02/2014, ISRCTN35514212. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6893-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Horne
- Department of Practice and Policy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, Entrance A, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK.
| | - E Glendinning
- Department of Practice and Policy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, Entrance A, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
| | - K King
- Department of Practice and Policy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, Entrance A, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
| | - T Chalder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - C Sabin
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation, Institute for Global Health, UCL, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - A S Walker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, 90 High Holborn, 2nd Floor, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - L J Campbell
- HIV Research Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - I Mosweu
- Institute of Psychiatry at King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - J Anderson
- Centre for the Study of Sexual Health and HIV, Homerton University Hospital, E9 6RS, London, UK
| | - S Collins
- HIV i-Base, 107 The Maltings, 169 Tower Bridge Road, London, SE1 3LJ, UK
| | - R Jopling
- Department of Practice and Policy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, Entrance A, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
| | - P McCrone
- Institute of Psychiatry at King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - H Leake Date
- Departments of of Pharmacy and HIV Medicine, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, BN2 5B, UK
| | - S Michie
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - M Nelson
- Kobler Clinic, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - N Perry
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - W Sseruma
- UK-CAB, 107 The Maltings, 169 Tower Bridge Road, London, SE1 3LJ, UK
| | - V Cooper
- Department of Practice and Policy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, Entrance A, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
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Dunseath O, Smith EJW, Al-Jeda T, Smith JA, King S, May PW, Nobbs AH, Hazell G, Welch CC, Su B. Studies of Black Diamond as an antibacterial surface for Gram Negative bacteria: the interplay between chemical and mechanical bactericidal activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8815. [PMID: 31217508 PMCID: PMC6584650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
'Black silicon' (bSi) samples with surfaces covered in nanoneedles of length ~5 µm were fabricated using a plasma etching process and then coated with a conformal uniform layer of diamond using hot filament chemical vapour deposition to produce 'black diamond' (bD) nanostructures. The diamond needles were then chemically terminated with H, O, NH2 or F using plasma treatment, and the hydrophilicity of the resulting surfaces were assessed using water droplet contact-angle measurements, and scaled in the order O > H ≈NH2 >F, with the F-terminated surface being superhydrophobic. The effectiveness of these differently terminated bD needles in killing the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli was semi-quantified by Live/Dead staining and fluorescence microscopy, and visualised by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The total number of adhered bacteria was consistent for all the nanostructured bD surfaces at around 50% of the value for the flat diamond control. This, combined with a chemical bactericidal effect of 20-30%, shows that the nanostructured bD surfaces supported significantly fewer viable E. coli than flat surfaces. Moreover, the bD surfaces were particularly effective at preventing the establishment of bacterial aggregates - a precursor to biofilm formation. The percentage of dead bacteria also decreased as a function of hydrophilicity. These results are consistent with a predominantly mechanical mechanism for bacteria death based on the stretching and disruption of the cell membrane, combined with an additional effect from the chemical nature of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dunseath
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - E J W Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - T Al-Jeda
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - J A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - S King
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - P W May
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
| | - A H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - G Hazell
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - C C Welch
- Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, Yatton, Bristol, BS49 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - B Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
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13
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Jorgenson MR, Descourouez JL, Astor BC, Smith JA, Aziz F, Redfield RR, Mandelbrot DA. Very Early Cytomegalovirus Infection After Renal Transplantation: A Single-Center 20-Year Perspective. Virology (Auckl) 2019; 10:1178122X19840371. [PMID: 30983861 PMCID: PMC6448111 DOI: 10.1177/1178122x19840371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection risk in the first month after transplantation is felt to be minimal; however, the epidemiology has not been specifically investigated, particularly in the modern era of potent immunosuppressive regimens and universal CMV prophylaxis. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of and risk factors associated with CMV occurring less than 30 days after transplant and evaluate the effect of very early CMV on outcomes. Methods: Retrospective, single-center study of adult renal transplant (RTX) recipients between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2014. Results: A total of 5225 patients who received a renal transplant in the study time period were reviewed for the presence of CMV infection occurring less than 30 days after transplant. Of these, only 14 patients demonstrated this finding for an overall incidence of 0.27%. Half of these patients were considered to be at heightened risk due to being a recipient of a non-primary transplant or on chronic immunosuppression. This left seven patients without known risk factors for very early CMV to evaluate. In this group, time from transplant to CMV infection was 13.5 ± 7 days. The majority (57.1%, n = 4) were high-risk serostatus (CMV D+/R−) and occurred in the valganciclovir era (71.4%, n = 5). Lymphocyte-depleting induction predominated (57.1%, n = 4). Average cold ischemic time (CIT) was 19.7 ± 7.7 hours. Three patients had post-operative complications, two required exploratory-laparotomy for hemorrhage. When evaluating outcomes, 43% (n = 3) had subsequent episodes of CMV infection, 28.6% (n = 2) developed rejection, and 28.6% (n = 2) died. Outcomes between patients with CMV infection less than 30 days and those with CMV infection more than 30 days after transplant were not significantly different. Conclusions: In our review of over 5000 kidney transplants, the incidence of CMV infection in the first 30 days after renal transplant is 0.2%. Notable common patient characteristics include hemorrhage requiring re-operation and prolonged CIT. Outcomes were similar to CMV occurring more than 30 days after transplant. This study should provide the clinician with some reassurance; despite potent immunosuppressive therapy, CMV infection in the first 30 days is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Jorgenson
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J L Descourouez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B C Astor
- Department of Medicine and Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Aziz
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R R Redfield
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison WI, USA
| | - D A Mandelbrot
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
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Conway LJ, Levickis PA, Mensah F, Smith JA, Wake M, Reilly S. The role of joint engagement in the development of language in a community-derived sample of slow-to-talk children. J Child Lang 2018; 45:1275-1293. [PMID: 29925440 DOI: 10.1017/s030500091800017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explored whether supported (SJE) or coordinated joint engagement (CJE) between mothers recruited from the community and their 24-month-old children who were slow-to-talk at 18 months old were associated with child language scores at ages 24, 36, and 48 months (n = 197). We further explored whether SJE or CJE modified the concurrent positive associations between maternal responsive behaviours and language scores. Previous research has shown that SJE, maternal expansions, imitations, and responsive questions were associated with better language scores. Our main finding was that SJE but not CJE was consistently positively associated with 24- and 36-month-old expressive and receptive language scores, but not with 48-month-old language scores. SJE modified how expansions and imitations, but not responsive questions, were associated with language scores; the associations were evident in all but the highest levels of SJE. Further research is necessary to test these findings in other samples before clinical recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Conway
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - P A Levickis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - F Mensah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - J A Smith
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - M Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - S Reilly
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
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Reeds KA, Smith JA, Suthers IM, Johnston EL. An ecological halo surrounding a large offshore artificial reef: Sediments, infauna, and fish foraging. Mar Environ Res 2018; 141:30-38. [PMID: 30082084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial reefs are deployed in coastal systems to meet a range of social objectives and infrastructure requirements, such as recreational diving and fisheries enhancement. Such reefs are typically deployed on soft sediments and yet we know little of their effect on the biophysical characteristics of the surrounding benthos. This study investigated the composition of benthic infauna, sediment characteristics, and demersal fish foraging activity surrounding a large, steel, designed offshore artificial reef (OAR), measuring 12 m × 16 m x 12 m (height x length x width) and weighing approximately 42 tonnes. Using a gradient approach we established four transects with sediment sampling sites located 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 m from the OAR. Taxon richness of infauna was lower close to the OAR (15, 30 m), and abundances of total infauna elevated at 15 m, driven largely by two families of polychaete (Onuphidae and Spionidae). Sediment characteristics (grain size, total organic carbon, metals) did not vary with distance from the OAR. Using unbaited videos we established that fish foraging activity on the soft sediments was enhanced close to the OAR (15 m), with a 5-10 fold increase in total foraging time that was largely accounted for by the activity of four benthivorous fish species (blue morwong Nemadactylus douglasii, the silver trevally Pseudocaranx georgianus, and goatfishes Upeneichthys vlamingii and U. lineatus). Fish foraging may cause changes in the composition of benthic infauna due to disturbance and selective predation. The effective benthic 'ecological halo' or 'footprint' of the OAR was 15 times the area of the actual reef. We demonstrate that a single large OAR can influence the surrounding benthic invertebrate and vertebrate communities, but that the effects are highly localised.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Reeds
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - J A Smith
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - I M Suthers
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - E L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
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16
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Loyd AL, Smith JA. First Report of Poplar Leaf Rust Caused by Melampsora medusae on Populus mexicana in the United States. Plant Dis 2018; 102:PDIS03180416PDN. [PMID: 30064345 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0416-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A L Loyd
- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Gainesville
| | - J A Smith
- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Gainesville
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Burton SP, Hostetler CA, Cook AL, Hair JW, Seaman ST, Scola S, Harper DB, Smith JA, Fenn MA, Ferrare RA, Saide PE, Chemyakin EV, Müller D. Calibration of a high spectral resolution lidar using a Michelson interferometer, with data examples from ORACLES. Appl Opt 2018; 57:6061-6075. [PMID: 30118035 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The NASA Langley airborne second-generation High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) uses a density-tuned field-widened Michelson interferometer to implement the HSRL technique at 355 nm. The Michelson interferometer optically separates the received backscattered light between two channels, one of which is dominated by molecular backscattering, while the other contains most of the light backscattered by particles. This interferometer achieves high and stable contrast ratio, defined as the ratio of particulate backscatter signal received by the two channels. We show that a high and stable contrast ratio is critical for precise and accurate backscatter and extinction retrievals. Here, we present retrieval equations that take into account the incomplete separation of particulate and molecular backscatter in the measurement channels. We also show how the accuracy of the contrast ratio assessment propagates to error in the optical properties. For both backscattering and extinction, larger errors are produced by underestimates of the contrast ratio (compared to overestimates), more extreme aerosol loading, and-most critically-smaller true contrast ratios. We show example results from HSRL-2 aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft from the 2016 ORACLES field campaign in the southeast Atlantic, off the coast of Africa, during the biomass burning season. We include a case study where smoke aerosol in two adjacent altitude layers showed opposite differences in extinction- and backscatter-related Ångström exponents and a reversal of the lidar ratio spectral dependence, signatures which are shown to be consistent with a relatively modest difference in smoke particle size.
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Smith JA, Hamzeloui S, Fink DJ, Myers EG. Rotational Energy as Mass in H_{3}^{+} and Lower Limits on the Atomic Masses of D and ^{3}He. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:143002. [PMID: 29694134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have made precise measurements of the cyclotron frequency ratios H_{3}^{+}/HD^{+} and H_{3}^{+}/^{3}He^{+} and observe that different H_{3}^{+} ions result in different cyclotron frequency ratios. We interpret these differences as due to the molecular rotational energy of H_{3}^{+} changing its inertial mass. We also confirm that certain high J, K rotational levels of H_{3}^{+} have mean lifetimes exceeding several weeks. From measurements with the lightest H_{3}^{+} ion we obtain lower limits on the atomic masses of deuterium and helium-3 with respect to the proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
| | - S Hamzeloui
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
| | - D J Fink
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
| | - E G Myers
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
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Liu YP, Rajamanikham V, Baron M, Patel S, Mathur SK, Schwantes EA, Ober C, Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Smith JA. Association of ORMDL3 with rhinovirus-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and type I Interferon responses in human leucocytes. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:371-382. [PMID: 28192616 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with risk alleles at the 17q21 genetic locus who wheeze during rhinovirus illnesses have a greatly increased likelihood of developing childhood asthma. In mice, overexpression of the 17q21 gene ORMDL3 leads to airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. However, the mechanisms by which ORMDL3 predisposes to asthma are unclear. Previous studies have suggested that ORMDL3 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and production of the type I interferon (IFN)-regulated chemokine CXCL10. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ORMDL3 and rhinovirus-induced ER stress and type I IFN in human leucocytes. METHODS ER stress was monitored by measuring HSPA5, CHOP and spliced XBP1 gene expression, and type I IFN by measuring IFNB1 (IFN-β) and CXCL10 expression in human cell lines and primary leucocytes following treatment with rhinovirus. Requirements for cell contact and specific cell type in ORMDL3 induction were examined by transwell assay and depletion experiments, respectively. Finally, the effects of 17q21 genotype on the expression of ORMDL3, IFNB1 and ER stress genes were assessed. RESULTS THP-1 monocytes overexpressing ORMDL3 responded to rhinovirus with increased IFNB1 and HSPA5. Rhinovirus-induced ORMDL3 expression in primary leucocytes required cell-cell contact, and induction was suppressed by plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion. The degree of rhinovirus-induced ORMDL3, HSPA5 and IFNB1 expression varied by leucocyte type and 17q21 genotype, with the highest expression of these genes in the asthma-associated genotype. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Multiple lines of evidence support an association between higher ORMDL3 and increased rhinovirus-induced HSPA5 and type I IFN gene expression. These associations with ORMDL3 are cell type specific, with the most significant 17q21 genotype effects on ORMDL3 expression and HSPA5 induction evident in B cells. Together, these findings have implications for how the interaction of increased ORMDL3 and rhinovirus may predispose to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Liu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Rajamanikham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Baron
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Patel
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E A Schwantes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D J Jackson
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J E Gern
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R F Lemanske
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Houghton
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
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21
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Holt K, Gibbard C, Smith JA. S28 Determinants of cough frequency in adult healthy volunteers. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Lord RW, Pearson JS, Barry PJ, Whorwell PJ, Jones RB, McNamara P, Beynon R, Smith JA, Jones AM. P97 Gastro-oesophageal reflux in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Smith JA, Kitt M, Butera P, Ford A. S27 The effect of P2X3 antagonism (AF–219) on experimentally evoked cough in healthy volunteers and chronic cough patients. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Mitchell J, Al-Sheklly B, Issa B, Collier T, Corfield D, Smith JA. S30 Sensations associated with experimentally evoked cough: a comparison of chronic cough patients with healthy controls. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Windsor J, Searle J, Hanney R, Chapman A, Grigg M, Choong P, Mackay A, Smithers BM, Churchill JA, Carney S, Smith JA, Wainer Z, Talley NJ, Gladman MA. Building a sustainable clinical academic workforce to meet the future healthcare needs of Australia and New Zealand: report from the first summit meeting. Intern Med J 2016; 45:965-71. [PMID: 26332622 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of healthcare that meets the requirements for quality, safety and cost-effectiveness relies on a well-trained medical workforce, including clinical academics whose career includes a specific commitment to research, education and/or leadership. In 2011, the Medical Deans of Australia and New Zealand published a review on the clinical academic workforce and recommended the development of an integrated training pathway for clinical academics. A bi-national Summit on Clinical Academic Training was recently convened to bring together all relevant stakeholders to determine how best to do this. An important part understood the lessons learnt from the UK experience after 10 years since the introduction of an integrated training pathway. The outcome of the summit was to endorse strongly the recommendations of the medical deans. A steering committee has been established to identify further stakeholders, solicit more information from stakeholder organisations, convene a follow-up summit meeting in late 2015, recruit pilot host institutions and engage the government and future funders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Windsor
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Searle
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Hanney
- Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Chapman
- New South Wales Office, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Grigg
- Melbourne Office, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Choong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Mackay
- Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B M Smithers
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J A Churchill
- Australian Medical Association Council of Doctors-in-Training, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Carney
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Z Wainer
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N J Talley
- The Royal Australasian College of Physicians, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M A Gladman
- Academic Colorectal Unit, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Abstract
Thermal homeostasis is important for the well-being of laboratory rodents during experimental investigations involving chemical restraint. Anaesthesia-induced hypothermia may alter physiological processes, prolong recovery times, or result in death. Therefore, active warming may be needed to prevent excess heat loss from the rodent to the environment. Three methods of active warming were evaluated in typical rodent procedural areas and recovery cages: a forced-air warming system, infra-red heat emitter and circulating-water blanket. The first experiment involved recording the temperature of the immediate environment of the three devices, with and/or without the accompanying plastic drape, to simulate a surgical situation. In the second experiment, temperatures were recorded within cages that simulated a recovery situation with the same modalities. Forced-air warmer blankets (FAWB) were either wrapped around or placed underneath standard polycarbonate rodent cages and the results were compared with cage temperatures warmed by the heat emitter and circulating-water blanket. Temperatures were recorded at 0, 20, 40, and 60 min for each warming treatment, to determine mean temperature (± SEM) and the magnitude of increase (± SEM) between 0 and 60 min. All three devices showed an increase in temperature, but the FAWB with a plastic drape heated the procedural area microenvironment (Experiment 1) quickly and to a final temperature of 38.6°C (101.5°F) at 60 min, compared with 25°C (77°F) for the heat emitter and 28°C (82.4°F) for the circulating-water blanket. The magnitude of increase was significantly different for each treatment, but the FAWB with a plastic drape climbed 16.3°C (29.3°F) in 60 min. In Experiment 2, the FAWB wrapped around a cage, covered with a plastic drape, heated recovery cages to 32.5°C (90.5°F) compared to the heat emitter 26.4°C (79.5°F) and circulating-water blanket with drape 26.3°C (79.3°F). The magnitude of increase in the microenvironmental temperature was significantly higher for the FAWB, with the plastic drape wrapped around the recovery cage, compared to the other treatments. In both experiments, forced-air warming proved superior to the more traditional thermal support treatments in heating the microenvironments quickly and to an optimum ambient temperature. Forced-air warming devices should be considered when thermal support is required for rodent procedural areas and recovery cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rembert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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27
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Zhang Z, Smith JA, Smyth AP, Tang JY, Eisenberg W, Pari GS. Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Replication with a Phosphorothioate Cholesteryl-Modified Oligonucleotide is Mediated by Rapid Cellular Association and Virus-Facilitated Nuclear Localization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029700800309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that an antisense phosphorothioate (PS) oligodeoxynucleotide has potent anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity (GS Pari, AK Field & JA Smith, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1995, 39: 1157–1161). We have now used a modified PS oligonucleotide having three 2′-O-methyl nucleotides at the 3′ end and four 2′-O-methyl nucleotides at the 5′ end, containing a cholesteryl moiety linked to the 3′ end by a novel thiono-triester linkage. This compound, UL36ANTI-M, is superior to the PS (UL36ANTI) version with respect to antiviral potency, melting temperature and nuclease resistance. Also, we show that cellular association for this oligonucleotide is rapid, occurring within 15 min after treatment and is about 12-fold higher when compared to UL36ANTI. This increased rate of cellular association also correlates with antiviral properties in that a 15 min incubation with UL36ANTI-M was sufficient to achieve 75% inhibition of viral DNA replication and complete inhibition was achieved after only a 1 h pretreatment. In addition confocal microscopic examination showed a change in subcellular distribution from perinuclear to nuclear for oligonucleotides in HCMV-infected human fibroblasts. However, the total amount of cell-associated oligonucleotide was unchanged in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Hybridon Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - JA Smith
- Hybridon Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - AP Smyth
- Hybridon Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J-Y Tang
- Hybridon Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - W Eisenberg
- Hybridon Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - GS Pari
- Hybridon Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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28
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Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Bressler J, Debette S, Schuur M, Smith AV, Bis JC, Davies G, Trompet S, Smith JA, Wolf C, Chibnik LB, Liu Y, Vitart V, Kirin M, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Zgaga L, Fawns-Ritchie C, Hoffmann P, Karjalainen J, Lahti J, Llewellyn DJ, Schmidt CO, Mather KA, Chouraki V, Sun Q, Resnick SM, Rose LM, Oldmeadow C, Stewart M, Smith BH, Gudnason V, Yang Q, Mirza SS, Jukema JW, deJager PL, Harris TB, Liewald DC, Amin N, Coker LH, Stegle O, Lopez OL, Schmidt R, Teumer A, Ford I, Karbalai N, Becker JT, Jonsdottir MK, Au R, Fehrmann RSN, Herms S, Nalls M, Zhao W, Turner ST, Yaffe K, Lohman K, van Swieten JC, Kardia SLR, Knopman DS, Meeks WM, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Schofield PW, Tanaka T, Stott DJ, Wang J, Ridker P, Gow AJ, Pattie A, Starr JM, Hocking LJ, Armstrong NJ, McLachlan S, Shulman JM, Pilling LC, Eiriksdottir G, Scott RJ, Kochan NA, Palotie A, Hsieh YC, Eriksson JG, Penman A, Gottesman RF, Oostra BA, Yu L, DeStefano AL, Beiser A, Garcia M, Rotter JI, Nöthen MM, Hofman A, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ, Buckley BM, Wolf PA, Uitterlinden AG, Psaty BM, Grabe HJ, Bandinelli S, Chasman DI, Grodstein F, Räikkönen K, Lambert JC, Porteous DJ, Price JF, Sachdev PS, Ferrucci L, Attia JR, Rudan I, Hayward C, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Cichon S, Franke L, Schmidt H, Ding J, de Craen AJM, Fornage M, Bennett DA, Deary IJ, Ikram MA, Launer LJ, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, van Duijn CM, Mosley TH. GWAS for executive function and processing speed suggests involvement of the CADM2 gene. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:189-197. [PMID: 25869804 PMCID: PMC4722802 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To identify common variants contributing to normal variation in two specific domains of cognitive functioning, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of executive functioning and information processing speed in non-demented older adults from the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) consortium. Neuropsychological testing was available for 5429-32,070 subjects of European ancestry aged 45 years or older, free of dementia and clinical stroke at the time of cognitive testing from 20 cohorts in the discovery phase. We analyzed performance on the Trail Making Test parts A and B, the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), semantic and phonemic fluency tests, and the Stroop Color and Word Test. Replication was sought in 1311-21860 subjects from 20 independent cohorts. A significant association was observed in the discovery cohorts for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17518584 (discovery P-value=3.12 × 10(-8)) and in the joint discovery and replication meta-analysis (P-value=3.28 × 10(-9) after adjustment for age, gender and education) in an intron of the gene cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) for performance on the LDST/DSST. Rs17518584 is located about 170 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the major transcript for the CADM2 gene, but is within an intron of a variant transcript that includes an alternative first exon. The variant is associated with expression of CADM2 in the cingulate cortex (P-value=4 × 10(-4)). The protein encoded by CADM2 is involved in glutamate signaling (P-value=7.22 × 10(-15)), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport (P-value=1.36 × 10(-11)) and neuron cell-cell adhesion (P-value=1.48 × 10(-13)). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the CADM2 gene is associated with individual differences in information processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale (INSERM), U897, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bordeaux,
Bordeaux, France,Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux,
France,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - M Schuur
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - AV Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - JC Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - JA Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - C Wolf
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - LB Chibnik
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split,
Croatia
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College
Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM -1), Research
Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Karjalainen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - DJ Llewellyn
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of
Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - CO Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - KA Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Q Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SM Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on
Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - LM Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Stewart
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - BH Smith
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee,
UK
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland
| | - Q Yang
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SS Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - JW Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - PL deJager
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - TB Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - DC Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LH Coker
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - O Stegle
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - OL Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics,
University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for biostatistics, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow, UK
| | - N Karbalai
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - JT Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | | | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - RSN Fehrmann
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Herms
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - ST Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal
Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology,
University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - K Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - JC van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - SLR Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - DS Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - WM Meeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public
Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - EG Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - PW Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, SW, Australia
| | - T Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - DJ Stott
- Department of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - AJ Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - A Pattie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - LJ Hocking
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,
UK
| | - NJ Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research,
Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Mathematics & Statistics and Prince of Wales
Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, The Jan and Dan
Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - LC Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter
Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - RJ Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - NA Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Cambridge, UK,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and
University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y-C Hsieh
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - JG Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki,
Finland,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice,
Helsinki, Finland,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - A Penman
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - RF Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - BA Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - AL DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JI Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA,Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences,
Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,
USA,Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics,
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - MM Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn,
Germany
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - PE Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - RGJ Westendorp
- Leiden Academy of Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - BM Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - PA Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - AG Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical
Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - BM Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA,Department of Health Services, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - HJ Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine
Greifswald, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - S Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - DI Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - DJ Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of
Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - JF Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - PS Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JR Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - AF Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JF Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center
Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - L Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School
of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - AJM de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - DA Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - IJ Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - MA Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LJ Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - AL Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - CM van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - TH Mosley
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Valdramidou D, Sumner H, Hilton E, Whiteside S, Smith JA. P242 The order effect of experimental oesophageal acidification on cough reflex sensitivity in chronic cough patients and healthy volunteers: Abstract P242 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Badri H, Satia I, Dockry R, McGarvey L, Marks-Konczalik J, Murdoch RD, Cheesbrough A, Warren F, Siederer S, Smith JA. P238 A randomised, double-blind (sponsor-unblind), placebo controlled, cross-over study to investigate the efficacy, effect on cough reflex sensitivity, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of inhaled GSK2339345 in patients with chronic idiopathic cough using an aqueous droplet inhaler: Abstract P238 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Satia I, Badri H, Dockry R, Chaudhuri N, Brown G, Abbott-Banner K, Smith JA. S91 A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to assess the efficacy of a single dose of 100 mg of VRP700 by inhalation in reducing the frequency and severity of cough in adult patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Smith JA, Kalimullah FA, Erickson CP, Peng LS. Scleromyxedema secondary to hepatitis C virus and successfully treated with antiviral therapy. Dermatol Online J 2015; 21:13030/qt1vt8c3vt. [PMID: 26437283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleromyxedema (SM) is a chronic and progressive fibromucinous disease with no known etiology. We report a patient with scleromyxedema associated with hepatitis C virus, successfully treated with interferon and ribavirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Oregon Health and Science University.
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Sutton-Traina K, Smith JA, Jarvis DN, Lee SP, Kulig K. Exploring Active and Passive Contributors to Turnout in Dancers and Non-Dancers. Med Probl Perform Art 2015; 30:78-83. [PMID: 26046611 DOI: 10.21091/mppa.2015.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower-extremity external rotation, or turnout, is a fundamental skill in dance. Active standing turnout has previously been measured using low-friction turnout disks. Turnout is influenced by passive range of motion (ROM) and strength, with passive ROM a function of bony morphology and ligamentous/capsular restraints. PURPOSE Our study explored the relationship between standing active turnout and femoral bony morphology, hip passive ROM, and strength among dancers and non-dancers. METHODS Cross-sectional cohort study. Twenty-three female dancers and 13 female non-dancers aged 18 to 30 yrs were recruited. Standing active turnout on reduced-friction disks, ultrasound images of femoral version, supine passive turnout, and hip abductor and external rotator strength were collected. RESULTS Dancers demonstrated greater standing turnout (107° ± 18°) than non-dancers (92° ± 28°), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.054). A significant difference was found for femoral version (p<0.001), 4.7° ( ± 2.8°) for dancers vs 12.1° ( ± 4.6°) for non-dancers. Dancers demonstrated greater supine turnout, 102.7°±18.8°, compared to non-dancers, 84.3° ± 30.4° (p=0.031). Dancers were able to achieve greater peak force in turnout compared to non-dancers: 2.44 ± 0.44 N/kg and 1.72 ± 0.59 N/kg, respectively (p<0.0001). Supine total turnout was the best predictor of active turnout, contributing 48% of the variance (r=0.696, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest supine turnout is the largest predictor for standing turnout. Investigating dancers and non-dancers independently, our finding were similar to previous studies suggesting the femoro-acetabular complex may be influenced by dance training, contributing to differences in bony morphology between dancers and non-dancers. Although strength did not significantly contribute to active standing turnout, dancers demonstrated greater peak force compared to non-dancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Sutton-Traina
- Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 East Alcazar Street, CHP-155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Tel 323-442-2911, fax 323-442-1515.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Smith
- Aegate Ltd, H9 The Courtyard, Melbourn Science Park, Herts, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ; The Oxford - UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation (CASMI), The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D A Brindley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ; The Oxford - UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation (CASMI), The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ; Said Business School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ; Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK ; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, USA ; USCF-Stanford Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI), San Francisco, USA
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35
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Smith JA, Leonardi T, Huang B, Iraci N, Vega B, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles and their synthetic analogues in aging and age-associated brain diseases. Biogerontology 2015; 16:147-85. [PMID: 24973266 PMCID: PMC4578234 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely upon diverse and complex intercellular communications networks for a myriad of physiological processes. Disruption of these processes is implicated in the onset and propagation of disease and disorder, including the mechanisms of senescence at both cellular and organismal levels. In recent years, secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a particularly novel vector by which cell-to-cell communications are enacted. EVs actively and specifically traffic bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites between cells at local and systemic levels, modulating cellular responses in a bidirectional manner under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. EVs are being implicated not only in the generic aging process, but also as vehicles of pathology in a number of age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and disease. Thus, circulating EVs-or specific EV cargoes-are being utilised as putative biomarkers of disease. On the other hand, EVs, as targeted intercellular shuttles of multipotent bioactive payloads, have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties, which can potentially be modulated and enhanced through cellular engineering. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in employing nanomedicinal approaches to mimic the putative therapeutic properties of EVs by employing synthetic analogues for targeted drug delivery. Herein we describe what is known about the origin and nature of EVs and subsequently review their putative roles in biology and medicine (including the use of synthetic EV analogues), with a particular focus on their role in aging and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
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36
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Almansa C, Smith JA, Morris J, Crowell MD, Valdramidou D, Lee AS, DeVault KR, Houghton LA. Weak peristalsis with large breaks in chronic cough: association with poor esophageal clearance. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:431-42. [PMID: 25628004 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux plays an important role in chronic cough (CC). Whether disturbed esophageal motility contributes to increased esophageal reflux exposure or interferes with swallowed bolus clearance is unclear. This study used high resolution esophageal manometry and impedance (HRIM) together with Chicago Classification, and 24-h impedance pH (MII/pH) to address these questions in patients with CC compared with heartburn (HB). METHODS A retrospective review of 32 patients with CC (mean age 57 [95% CI: 52-62] years) and 32 patients with symptoms of HB (55 [52-62] years) referred for HRIM and MII/pH between September 2012 and September 2013 was undertaken. KEY RESULTS Weak peristalsis with large breaks (WPLBs) was observed in 34% of CC patients compared with only 12% of HB patients (p = 0.027). Pathological acid exposure time (AET) was identified in 81% of CC patients with WPLBs compared with 29% without (p = 0.011). Increased AET was associated with prolonged clearance time of refluxed events (p = 0.006) rather than increased number of events. AET correlated with the percentage of peristaltic events with large breaks in CC (ρ = 0.467, p = 0.007). Similar data were obtained for total bolus (acid and non-acid) exposure time. Only one of the CC patients with WPLBs exhibited complete bolus transit (CBT) on swallowing compared with 81% without WPLBs (p < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of peristaltic events associated with CBT negatively correlated with the percentage of peristaltic events with large breaks (r = -0.653, p < 0.001) in CC. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES One-third of CC patients exhibit WPLBs, which directly impacts on clearance of refluxed events and bolus's swallowed. These observations may have important implications for esophageal-bronchial interaction in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Almansa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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37
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Edelman JJ, Tatoulis J, Hayward PA, Smith JA, Costa RJ, Vallely MP, Bannon PG. ANZSCTS Response to the Discussion Paper: Proposed Recommendations for Myocardial Revascularisation. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 24:646-8. [PMID: 25637251 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Edelman
- Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia; Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; The Baird Institute; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Tatoulis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne
| | - P A Hayward
- Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia; Victorian Heart Centre, Epworth Hospital; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Austin Hospital; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A Smith
- Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health and Department of Surgery (Monash Medical Centre), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R J Costa
- Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M P Vallely
- Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia; Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; The Baird Institute; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P G Bannon
- Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia; Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; The Baird Institute; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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38
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Davies G, Armstrong N, Bis JC, Bressler J, Chouraki V, Giddaluru S, Hofer E, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Kirin M, Lahti J, van der Lee SJ, Le Hellard S, Liu T, Marioni RE, Oldmeadow C, Postmus I, Smith AV, Smith JA, Thalamuthu A, Thomson R, Vitart V, Wang J, Yu L, Zgaga L, Zhao W, Boxall R, Harris SE, Hill WD, Liewald DC, Luciano M, Adams H, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Assareh AA, Au R, Becker JT, Beiser A, Berr C, Bertram L, Boerwinkle E, Buckley BM, Campbell H, Corley J, De Jager PL, Dufouil C, Eriksson JG, Espeseth T, Faul JD, Ford I, Scotland G, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Heiss G, Hofman A, Holliday EG, Huffman J, Kardia SLR, Kochan N, Knopman DS, Kwok JB, Lambert JC, Lee T, Li G, Li SC, Loitfelder M, Lopez OL, Lundervold AJ, Lundqvist A, Mather KA, Mirza SS, Nyberg L, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Redmond P, Reppermund S, Rotter JI, Schmidt H, Schuur M, Schofield PW, Scott RJ, Steen VM, Stott DJ, van Swieten JC, Taylor KD, Trollor J, Trompet S, Uitterlinden AG, Weinstein G, Widen E, Windham BG, Jukema JW, Wright AF, Wright MJ, Yang Q, Amieva H, Attia JR, Bennett DA, Brodaty H, de Craen AJM, Hayward C, Ikram MA, Lindenberger U, Nilsson LG, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Sachdev PS, Schmidt R, Schofield PR, Srikanth V, Starr JM, Turner ST, Weir DR, Wilson JF, van Duijn C, Launer L, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Deary IJ. Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53949). Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:183-92. [PMID: 25644384 PMCID: PMC4356746 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53,949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10(-9), MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10(-8), AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10(-9), APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10(-6)). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ~1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10(-17)). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Armstrong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Giddaluru
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C A Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S J van der Lee
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Le Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Thomson
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Boxall
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W D Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Kew, Australia
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - A A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - J T Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - C Berr
- Inserm, U106, Montpellier, France,Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - L Bertram
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Dufouil
- Inserm U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France,Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Espeseth
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, Glasgow, UK
| | - Generation Scotland
- Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T B Harris
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - T Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S-C Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Loitfelder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Lundqvist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Papenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - B M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Schuur
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - D J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B G Windham
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Wright
- Neuroimaging Genetics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Q Yang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Amieva
- Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M A Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - L-G Nilsson
- ARC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V Srikanth
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania,Stroke and Ageing Research, Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Launer
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A L Fitzpatrick
- Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - T H Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK. E-mail:
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Smith JA, Kalimullah FA, Erickson CP, Peng LS. Scleromyxedema secondary to hepatitis c virus and successfully treated with antiviral therapy. Dermatol Online J 2015. [DOI: 10.5070/d3219028690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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40
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Shepley MM, Smith JA, Sadler BL, White RD. The business case for building better neonatal intensive care units. J Perinatol 2014; 34:811-5. [PMID: 25359412 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Shepley
- Department of Design Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Smith Hager Bajo Inc., Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - B L Sadler
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R D White
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Memorial Hospital, South Bend, IN, USA
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Hoffmann B, Gullett JP, Hill HF, Fuller D, Westergaard MC, Hosek WT, Smith JA. Bedside ultrasound of the neck confirms endotracheal tube position in emergency intubations. Ultraschall Med 2014; 35:451-458. [PMID: 25014479 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In controlled environments such as the operating room, bedside ultrasound (BUS) of the neck has shown high accuracy for distinguishing endotracheal (ETI) from esophageal intubations. We sought to determine the accuracy of BUS for endotracheal tube (ETT) position in the emergency department (ED) setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed the utility of BUS in a single-center observational study in an ED setting. BUS was performed either simultaneously with ED intubation (S/ED), within < 3 minutes of ED intubation (A/ED), or in < 3 minutes of patient's ED arrival after pre-hospital intubation (A/EMS). Trained ED providers performed BUS; intubators were blinded to ultrasound findings. We used Cormack and Lehane categories (CL) to classify intubation attempts as "easy" (CL-I/II), "moderate" (CL-III) and "difficult" (CL-IV). Additional data included the diagnostic accuracy of the sonographer and intubator compared to the clinical outcome, anatomy identified by sonography and time to diagnosis. RESULTS During a 10-month period, 89 subjects with 115 intubation attempts were included in the study, and 86 patients/101 attempts with complete data were used in the study (63-easy, 19-moderate, 19-difficult). The sonographers achieved 100 % accuracy with respect to determining the correct ETT position utilizing an anterior neck approach, while the intubators' accuracy in assessing correct tube location was 97 % compared to the clinical outcome. A blinded review of sonography findings confirmed all BUS anatomical findings. A sonographically empty esophagus was 100 % specific for endotracheal intubation, and a "double trachea sign" was 100 % sensitive and 91 % specific for esophageal intubation. The sonographic time to diagnosis was significantly faster than the intubator time to diagnosis ("easy" p < 0.001; n = 47; "moderate" p = 0.001; n = 15; "difficult" p < 0.001; n = 19); Wilcoxon test; A/EMS cases excluded). CONCLUSION In this emergency setting, ultrasound determined ETT locations rapidly with 100 % accuracy and independently of the CL-category.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hoffmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - J P Gullett
- Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - H F Hill
- Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - D Fuller
- Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Associates, Germantown
| | - M C Westergaard
- Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison
| | - W T Hosek
- Emergency Medicine, Onslow Memorial Hospital, Jacksonville
| | - J A Smith
- Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester
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Wang WE, Michel APM, Wang L, Tsai T, Baeck ML, Smith JA, Wysocki G. A quantum cascade laser-based water vapor isotope analyzer for environmental monitoring. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:093103. [PMID: 25273703 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A field-deployable mid-infrared quantum cascade laser-based spectrometer was designed and developed for measurements of H2(16)O and H2(18)O at 7.12 μm. H2(16)O and H2(18)O absorption features at 1390.52 cm(-1) and 1389.91 cm(-1), respectively, accessible within current tuning range of the laser, were targeted. The target lines were carefully selected to assure similar absorption levels and similar temperature sensitivities of the line strength due to comparable lower state energies. A real-time spectral fitting algorithm was implemented for isotopic concentration retrieval. Detection limits for H2(16)O and H2(18)O of 2.2 ppm and 7.0 ppb, respectively, were achieved at a dew point of 14 °C (volume mixing ratio of 15,766 ppm) in 1 s integration time, which resulted in a δ(18)O isotopic ratio measurement precision of 0.25‰. The ultimate minimum detection limits obtained after 160 s integration time for H2(16)O and H2(18)O, and δ(18)O measurements were 0.6 ppm, 1.7 ppb, and 0.05‰, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A P M Michel
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - T Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M L Baeck
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - G Wysocki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Hughes MA, Black A, Smith JA. First Report of Laurel Wilt Caused by Raffaelea lauricola on Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis) in the United States. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1159. [PMID: 30708827 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-14-0194-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) is an economically important evergreen tree of the family Lauraceae. It is native to Asia Minor and the Balkans and was introduced into the United States for its ornamental and culinary uses (4). In September 2013, a 6-m-tall bay laurel in Gainesville, FL, attracted our attention because it had wilted leaves, discolored sapwood, and ambrosia beetle entrance holes, all symptoms of laurel wilt. In addition, the tree was growing close to an avocado that succumbed to the disease months earlier. In an effort to determine whether the laurel wilt pathogen (Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Agaveya) was, indeed, involved in the decline of the tree of current interest, discolored sapwood was sectioned into 5-mm2 pieces, surface disinfested for 30 s in a 4% sodium hypochlorite solution, and plated onto CSMA media (1,2). Within 7 to 14 days, cream-colored, adpressed fungal growth typical of R. lauricola grew from the sapwood pieces (2). DNA was extracted from an isolate of a single conidium (PL1634) and a portion of the 18S rRNA gene was PCR-amplified with primers NS1/NS4, resulting in a 1,021-bp amplicon (GenBank Accession No. KF913344.1), with a BLASTn search revealing 100% homology to several R. lauricola isolates (3). To confirm pathogenicity, six bay laurel seedlings (0.5 m) and a silk bay (0.65 m) (Persea humilis, susceptible control) were wounded twice with a 0.5-mm-diameter drill bit. Then, 30 μl of a spore suspension of PL1634 (1.38 × 105 condia/plant) were introduced into the xylem by pipette and the wounds were wrapped in Parafilm (1). Negative controls consisted of a mock-inoculated (water) and non-inoculated bay laurel plus a mock-inoculated silk bay. Plants were placed in a growth chamber set to a 16/8 h (25/22°C) diurnal light/temperature cycle. After 60 days, all fungal-inoculated plants were completely wilted with dead leaves and subsequent necrosis of stems, while mock- and non-inoculated controls remained asymptomatic. Sapwood dissection revealed xylem discoloration similar to the original infected tree, and fungi morphologically similar to PL1634 were recovered from all inoculated plants upon isolation on CSMA media. Mock- and non-inoculated controls lacked vascular discoloration and fungal growth on media. In order to determine if the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichoff (laurel wilt vector) could successfully reproduce in this host, symptomatic branches (7 cm in diameter) of L. nobilis with external evidence of ambrosia beetle attack (frass "toothpicks") were placed in a plastic rearing box within a growth chamber (25°C). Within 4 weeks of incubation, dozens of immature and mature X. glabratus beetles emerged. This is the first record of Koch's postulates being completed for R. lauricola on L. nobilis and the ability of X. glabratus to infest and breed in its stems. This information may be of importance in the event of an introduction of X. glabratus and its fungal associate to Mediterranean areas where bay laurel is either growing wild or being cultivated as valuable commercial crop. References: (1) S. W. Fraedrich et al. Plant Dis. 92:215, 2008. (2) T. C. Harrington et al. Mycotaxon 104:399, 2008. (3) M. A. Innis et al., eds. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press. San Diego, CA, 1990. (4) A. O. Sari et al. New Forest 31:403, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hughes
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A Black
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - J A Smith
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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Masey O'Neill HV, Smith JA, Bedford MR. Multicarbohydrase Enzymes for Non-ruminants. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:290-301. [PMID: 25049954 PMCID: PMC4093217 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The first purpose of this review is to outline some of the background information necessary to understand the mechanisms of action of fibre-degrading enzymes in non-ruminants. Secondly, the well-known and understood mechanisms are described, i) eliminating the nutrient encapsulating effect of the cell wall and ii) ameliorating viscosity problems associated with certain Non Starch Polysaccharides, particularly arabinoxylans and β-glucans. A third, indirect mechanism is then discussed: the activity of such enzymes in producing prebiotic oligosaccharides and promoting beneficial cecal fermentation. The literature contains a wealth of information on various non starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme (NSPase) preparations and this review aims to conclude by discussing this body of work, with reference to the above mechanisms. It is suggested that the way in which multi- versus single-component products are compared is often flawed and that some continuity should be employed in methods and terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J A Smith
- AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, SN8 4AN, UK
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, SN8 4AN, UK
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Smith JA, Kamangar F, Prakash N, Fung MA, Konia T, Fazel N. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome (UNTS) associated with chronic hepatitis C virus and positive immunoreactivity for VEGF. Dermatol Online J 2014; 20:13030/qt8g9268sf. [PMID: 24945644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Unilateral Nevoid Telangectasia Syndrome (UNTS) is characterized by superficial telangiectasias in a unilateral distribution. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a role in the pathogenesis of UNTS in patients with underlying hepatic disease. We report a case of a patient with UNTS accompanied by chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with a normal serum estrogen profile and strong positive immunohistochemical staining of lesional skin with VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - N Fazel
- University of California, Davis
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Abstract
Cough remains a serious unmet clinical problem, both as a symptom of a range of other conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux, and as a problem in its own right in patients with chronic cough of unknown origin. This article reviews our current understanding of the pathogenesis of cough and the hypertussive state characterizing a number of diseases as well as reviewing the evidence for the different classes of antitussive drug currently in clinical use. For completeness, the review also discusses a number of major drug classes often clinically used to treat cough but that are not generally classified as antitussive drugs. We also reviewed a number of drug classes in various stages of development as antitussive drugs. Perhaps surprising for drugs used to treat such a common symptom, there is a paucity of well-controlled clinical studies documenting evidence for the use of many of the drug classes in use today, particularly those available over the counter. Nonetheless, there has been a considerable increase in our understanding of the cough reflex over the last decade that has led to a number of promising new targets for antitussive drugs being identified and thus giving some hope of new drugs being available in the not too distant future for the treatment of this often debilitating symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Dicpinigaitis
- King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 100 Stamford St., London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Johnson JS, Bentley MJ, Smith JA, Finkel RC, Rood DH, Gohl K, Balco G, Larter RD, Schaefer JM. Rapid thinning of Pine Island Glacier in the early Holocene. Science 2014; 343:999-1001. [PMID: 24557837 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pine Island Glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, has been undergoing rapid thinning and retreat for the past two decades. We demonstrate, using glacial-geological and geochronological data, that Pine Island Glacier (PIG) also experienced rapid thinning during the early Holocene, around 8000 years ago. Cosmogenic (10)Be concentrations in glacially transported rocks show that this thinning was sustained for decades to centuries at an average rate of more than 100 centimeters per year, which is comparable with contemporary thinning rates. The most likely mechanism was a reduction in ice shelf buttressing. Our findings reveal that PIG has experienced rapid thinning at least once in the past and that, once set in motion, rapid ice sheet changes in this region can persist for centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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Smith JA. Termination of second and early third trimester pregnancy: comparison of 3 methods. East Mediterr Health J 2014; 20:63. [PMID: 24932936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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Dreaden TJ, Black AW, Mullerin S, Smith JA. First Report of Diplodia quercivora Causing Shoot Dieback and Branch Cankers on Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) in the United States. Plant Dis 2014; 98:282. [PMID: 30708761 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-13-0736-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In September 2010, live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) trees in an Alachua County, FL, shopping center parking lot were observed with shoot dieback and cankers on small branches. Isolations were made from canker margins by surface sterilizing tissue in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and plating on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubating at 23°C. Fungi morphologically similar to Diplodia quercivora Linaldeddu & A.J.L. Phillips (mycelium initially velvety and white and later turning pale to dark olivaceous and grayish in reverse) were consistently isolated from symptomatic tissue (2). The two loci used by Linaldeddu et al. (2) in the description of D. quercivora were sequenced to identify a representative isolate (PL1345) as D. quercivora. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (GenBank Accession No. KF386635) and translation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) (KF386636) regions were amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1F/ITS4 (3) and EF1-728F/EF1-986R (1). BLASTn searches of the two sequences resulted in 99% (467 of 469 and 257 of 259, respectively) homology with D. quercivora CBS 133852, confirming the fungal isolates' identity as D. quercivora. In October 2011, Koch's postulates were verified by inoculating, repeated twice, three Q. virginiana saplings (stem diameters, 12 to 14 mm; at inoculation sites approximately 50 mm above soil line) with isolate PL1345. Agar plugs (3 × 3 mm) taken from the margin of a 12-day-old culture on PDA were inserted into flaps in the stems made by a sterile blade with the mycelia facing the cambial tissue. One negative control tree was mock inoculated with a sterile PDA plug. All inoculation sites were sealed with Parafilm and maintained in a greenhouse (19 to 29°C). Trees were assessed for symptoms 90 days after inoculation. External bleeding was noted on all but one tree, and all flaps became necrotic. Pycnidia were observed on the outer surface of the flap on one inoculated tree. Negative controls showed no bleeding and their tissue flaps remained alive. Vertical length of phloem necrosis and percent of stem girdling were measured after removing the bark. Mean necrotic length and percent girdling for inoculated saplings were 48 mm (standard error [SE] = 10.6) and 26.6% (SE = 5.7) for the first inoculation and 46 mm (SE = 17) and 25% (SE = 5) for the second, respectively. Controls showed no internal necrosis and all produced healthy callus tissue at inoculation sites. Two of the pathogen-inoculated trees per inoculation were sampled and the pathogen was re-isolated from each. Recovered fungal isolates were confirmed as D. quercivora based on morphology and 100% ITS sequence homology to PL1345. D. quercivora was first described as causing shoot dieback and cankers on Q. canariensis in Tunisia and was found to be pathogenic to three additional Mediterranean oak species, Q. ilex, Q. pubescens, and Q. suber (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. quercivora causing cankers on Q. virginiana and the first report of the fungus outside of Tunisia. Given the damage this pathogen has caused there, efforts to monitor the spread of this disease would seem warranted. More research is needed to assess the risk this pathogen poses to North American oaks, however. References: (1) I. Carbone et al. Mycologia 91:553, 1999. (2) B. T. Linaldeddu et al. Mycologia 105:1266, 2013. (3) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Dreaden
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A W Black
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - S Mullerin
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - J A Smith
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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Smith JA, Kamangar F, Prakash N, Fung MA, Konia T, Fazel N. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome (UNTS) associated with chronic Hepatitis C virus and positive immunoreactivity for VEGF. Dermatol Online J 2014. [DOI: 10.5070/d3206022867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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