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Tsai SH, Hung JY, Su PF, Hsu CH, Yu CH, Liao XM, Wang JD, Hsiue TR, Chen CZ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease trajectory: severe exacerbations and dynamic change in health-related quality of life. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002037. [PMID: 38387996 PMCID: PMC10882291 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The life trajectory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected data from two populations. In the first cohort, we recruited 375 patients with COPD from our hospital, and 1440 repeated assessments of quality of life (QoL) using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions questionnaire from 2006 to 2020. We analysed their dynamic changes using the kernel-smoothing method. The second cohort comprised 27 437 patients from the National Health Insurance (NHI) dataset with their first severe acute exacerbations (AEs) requiring hospitalisation from 2008 to 2017 were analysed for their long-term course of AEs. We employed a Cox hazard model to analyse the predictors for mortality or AEs. RESULTS Cohorts from our hospital and NHI were male predominant (93.6 and 83.5%, respectively). After the first severe AE, the course generally comprised three phases. The first was a 1-year period of elevated QoL, followed by a 2-year prolonged stable phase with a slowly declining QoL. After the second AE, the final phase was characterised by a rapid decline in QoL. For NHI cohort, 2712 died during the 11-year follow-up, the frequency of the first AE was approximately 5 per 10 000 per day. The median time from the first to the second AE was 3 years, which decreased to less than 6 and 3 months from 4th to 5th and 8th to 9th AE, respectively. The frequency of AE was increased 10-fold and 15-fold and risk of subsequent AE was increased 12-fold and 20-fold after the 6th and the 10th AE, relative to the first. Male gender, heart failure comorbidities were associated with the risk of subsequent AE and death. CONCLUSIONS The life trajectory of COPD includes the accelerated frailty phase, as well as elevated health and prolonged stable phase after the first AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Tsai
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ying Hung
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Hsu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Min Liao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzuen-Ren Hsiue
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Zuei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hwang YS, Hsiao YL, Su PF, Hung JY, Tsai WH. Kindergarten Visual-Perceptual and Motor Skills and Behavioral Traits Predict First-Grade Chinese Handwriting Legibility and Speed. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801205170. [PMID: 38165221 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clarifying the relationship between kindergarteners' characteristics and their future handwriting performance is beneficial for the early detection of children at risk of handwriting difficulties. OBJECTIVE To determine which visual-perceptual and motor skills and behavioral traits significantly predict kindergartners' Chinese handwriting legibility and speed in the first grade. DESIGN One-year longitudinal, observational design. SETTING Kindergarten and elementary schools. PARTICIPANTS One hundred six kindergarten children (53 boys and 53 girls; ages 5 or 6 yr) were recruited. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The participants completed two subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition, Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Third Edition, Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery™ VMI), and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Test-Chinese Version in kindergarten. Their handwriting legibility (character accuracy and construction) and speed were assessed by investigator-developed Chinese handwriting tests in the first grade. RESULTS Multivariate regression analyses indicated the independent predictive power of spatial relationships (p = .042) and inattention (p = .004) for character accuracy. Visual-motor integration (VMI; p = .008) and inattention (p = .002) were the key predictors of character construction. Manual dexterity (p = .001) was the only significant predictor of writing speed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Kindergarteners who perform poorly in spatial relationships, VMI, manual dexterity, and attention are likely to have less legible Chinese handwriting and slow writing speed in first grade. Plain-Language Summary: Children's visual-perceptual and motor skills and behavioral traits in kindergarten can predict their Chinese handwriting legibility and speed in first grade. This study found that kindergarteners who performed poorly in spatial relationships, VMI, manual dexterity, and attention were likely to have less legible Chinese handwriting and slow writing speed in the first grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Shwu Hwang
- Yea-Shwu Hwang, ScD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, and Occupational Therapist, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Lu Hsiao
- Ying-Lu Hsiao, MS, is Occupational Therapist, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Pei-Fang Su, PhD, is Professor, Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ying Hung
- Jo-Ying Hung, BS, is PhD Candidate, Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Tsai
- Wen-Hui Tsai, MD, PhD, is Pediatrician and Assistant Professor, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, and Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chao YJ, Lu WH, Liao TK, Su PJ, Wang CJ, Lai CH, Hung JY, Su PF, Shan YS. Feasibility of simultaneous development of laparoscopic and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6190. [PMID: 37062774 PMCID: PMC10106461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic (LPD) and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) are both challenging procedures. The feasibility and safety of simultaneously developing LPD and RPD remain unreported. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients undergoing LPD or RPD between 2014 and 2021. A total of 114 patients underwent minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD): 39 LPDs and 75 RPDs. The learning process of LPD and RPD were similar. The cutoff points of the learning curve were LPD, 13th patient (the 27th patient of MIPD), and RPD, 18th patient (the 31st patient of MIPD) according the cumulative sum analysis of operative time. A decrease in the operative time was associated with the case sequence (p < 0.001) but not with the surgical approach (p = 0.36). The overall surgical outcomes were comparable between both the LPD and RPD groups. When evaluating the learning curve impact on MIPD, LPD had higher major complication (≧ Clavien-Dindo grade III), bile leak and wound infection rates in the pre-learning curve phase than those in the after-learning curve phase, while RPD had similar surgical outcomes between two phases. Simultaneous development of LPD and RPD is feasible and safe for experienced surgeons, with similar learning process and comparable surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jui Chao
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hsun Lu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 35 Siaodong Road, Tainan, 70457, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kai Liao
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 35 Siaodong Road, Tainan, 70457, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jui Su
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 35 Siaodong Road, Tainan, 70457, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ying Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 35 Siaodong Road, Tainan, 70457, Taiwan
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Su PF, Lin CCK, Hung JY, Lee JS. The Proper Use and Reporting of Survival Analysis and Cox Regression. World Neurosurg 2022; 161:303-309. [PMID: 35505548 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival analyses are heavily used to analyze data in which the time to event is of interest. The purpose of this paper is to introduce some fundamental concepts for survival analyses in medical studies. METHODS We comprehensively review current survival methodologies, such as the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier method used to estimate survival probability, the log-rank test, one of the most popular tests for comparing survival curves, and the Cox proportional hazard model, which is used for building the relationship between survival time and specific risk factors. More advanced methods, such as time-dependent receiver operating characteristic, restricted mean survival time, and time-dependent covariates are also introduced. RESULTS This tutorial is aimed toward covering the basics of survival analysis. We used a neurosurgical case series of surgically treated brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer patients as an example. The survival time was defined from the date of craniotomy to the date of patient death. CONCLUSIONS This work is an attempt to encourage more investigators/medical practitioners to use survival analyses appropriately in medical research. We highlight some statistical issues, make recommendations, and provide more advanced survival modeling in this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chou-Ching K Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ying Hung
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hwang YS, Su PF, Hsiao YL, Tsai WH, Hung JY. Developing a Nomogram Model to Predict the Risk of Poor Chinese Handwriting in First Grade. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7405205080p1-7405205080p8. [PMID: 32804626 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.038711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Few predictive models for later handwriting difficulties have been developed for kindergarteners. OBJECTIVE To develop a nomogram for the purpose of detecting the risk of later poor Chinese handwriting among Taiwanese kindergarteners. DESIGN One-year prospective longitudinal, observational study. SETTING Kindergarten and elementary school. PARTICIPANTS One hundred fifty-six kindergarteners were included. In first grade, they were grouped into the normal and poor handwriting groups on the basis of handwriting performance in first grade. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants received fine motor (FM), visual-perceptual (VP), and visual-motor integration tests in kindergarten and handwriting assessments in first grade. RESULTS Logistic regression results indicated that younger age at school entry and lower scores on measures of FM and VP in kindergarten increased the risk for later poor handwriting. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the nomogram built with these risk factors was .75, indicating that the nomogram had acceptable diagnostic value. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This nomogram could be used as a screening tool to detect kindergarteners at risk of poor Chinese handwriting in first grade. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS This study is the first to establish a nomogram constructed with significant predictors in kindergarten of a child's probability of poor handwriting later in first grade. This predictive nomogram may help occupational therapists, educators, and parents identify at-risk kindergarteners early for the purpose of early interventions to prevent later poor Chinese handwriting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Shwu Hwang
- Yea-Shwu Hwang, ScD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and Occupational Therapist, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Pei-Fang Su, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lu Hsiao
- Ying-Lu Hsiao, MS, is Occupational Therapist, Healthconn Company, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Tsai
- Wen-Hui Tsai, MD, PhD, is Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, and Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ying Hung
- Jo-Ying Hung, BS, is Master's Student, Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Yang CY, Su PF, Hung JY, Ou HT, Kuo S. Comparative predictive ability of visit-to-visit HbA1c variability measures for microvascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:105. [PMID: 32631323 PMCID: PMC7339461 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the associations of various HbA1c measures, including a single baseline HbA1c value, overall mean, yearly updated means, standard deviation (HbA1c-SD), coefficient of variation (HbA1c-CV), and HbA1c variability score (HVS), with microvascular disease (MVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Linked data between National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database were utilized to identify the study cohort. The primary outcome was the composite MVD events (retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy) occurring during the study follow-up. Cox model analyses were performed to assess the associations between HbA1c measures and MVD risk, with adjustment for patients' baseline HbA1c, demographics, comorbidities/complications, and treatments. RESULTS In the models without adjustment for baseline HbA1c, all HbA1c variability and mean measures were significantly associated with MVD risk, except HVS. With adjustment for baseline HbA1c, HbA1c-CV had the strongest association with MVD risk. For every unit of increase in HbA1c-CV, the MVD risk significantly increased by 3.42- and 2.81-fold based on the models without and with adjustment for baseline HbA1c, respectively. The associations of HbA1c variability and mean measures with MVD risk in patients with baseline HbA1c < 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) were stronger compared with those in patients with baseline HbA1c ≥ 7.5% (58 mmol/mol). CONCLUSIONS HbA1c variability, especially HbA1c-CV, can supplement conventional baseline HbA1c measure for explaining MVD risk. HbA1c variability may play a greater role in MVD outcomes among patients with relatively optimal baseline glycemic control compared to those with relatively poor baseline glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ying Hung
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Tz Ou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Shihchen Kuo
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Diabetes Translational Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Mead LJ, Gillespie MT, Hung JY, Rane US, Rayeroux KC, Irving LB, Campbell LJ. Frequent loss of heterozygosity in early non-small cell lung cancers at chromosome 9p21 proximal to the CDKN2a gene. Int J Cancer 1997; 71:213-7. [PMID: 9139845 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970410)71:2<213::aid-ijc15>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Deletions involving the chromosome 9p21 region have been reported as frequent events in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To investigate potential tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) loci within the 9p21 region, which also harbors the candidate TSG locus CDKN2a, we studied 32 cases of primary NSCLC for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Tumor and paired normal lung cells were microdissected from lung tissue imprints and all samples screened using PCR-LOH analysis with 15 9p markers. In addition, 3 NSCLC cell lines and their matched normal lung and tumor DNA were similarly analyzed. LOH at the marker D9S259, which is proximal to the CDKN2a locus, was found most frequently (52%), while LOH at D9S942, the marker closest (5 kb) to the CDKN2a gene, was seen in only 17%. Homozygous loss of markers close to CDKN2a was, however, detected in 2 of the 3 cell lines and one accompanying tumor sample. We propose that a TSG in the region of deletion proximal to the CDKN2a gene within 9p21 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Mead
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
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Kishimoto Y, Sugio K, Hung JY, Virmani AK, McIntire DD, Minna JD, Gazdar AF. Allele-specific loss in chromosome 9p loci in preneoplastic lesions accompanying non-small-cell lung cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1224-9. [PMID: 7563168 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.16.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinogenesis is a multistep process, which may begin as a consequence of chromosomal changes. Deletions in the short arm of chromosome 9 (9p) have been observed in lung carcinomas. In addition, morphologically recognizable preneoplastic lesions, frequently multiple in number, precede onset of invasive carcinomas. PURPOSE We tested for deletions and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 9p loci in preneoplastic and neoplastic foci in lungs of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). METHODS Seven archival, paraffin-embedded, surgically resected NSCLC specimens were selected. They were predominantly from patients with adenocarcinomas and contained multiple preneoplastic lesions, including hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ (CIS). Fifty-three histologically identified preneoplastic and malignant lesions present in bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli were precisely microdissected from stained tissue sections with a micromanipulator. Stromal lymphocytes were used to determine constitutional heterozygosity. The specimens were analyzed for LOH using polymerase chain reaction-based assays for polymorphism in dinucleotide repeats (microsatellite markers) in interferon alfa (IFNA) and D9S171 loci on 9p. RESULTS All seven cases were constitutionally heterozygous for one or both microsatellite markers. Five of seven cases had LOH at one or both 9p loci in the invasive primary cancers (doubly informative cases). Four of these five cases also revealed LOH in preneoplastic foci. In the doubly informative cases, LOH was detected in five (38%) of 13 foci of hyperplasia, four (80%) of five foci of dysplasia, and three (100%) of three CIS lesions. LOH was detected in preneoplastic lesions from all regions of the respiratory tract, including bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, and involved five different cell types. The identical allele was lost from both the preneoplastic lesions and the corresponding tumors (12 of 12 lesions, 17 of 17 comparisons), a phenomenon we have referred to as "allele-specific mutation." Statistical analyses employing a cumulative binomial test demonstrated that the probabilities of such findings occurring by chance are 2.4 x 10(-4) and 7.6 x 10(-6), respectively. From comparisons with the previously published data on other chromosomal abnormalities in the same tissue specimens, it appears that LOH at 3p and 9p loci occurred early in the hyperplasia stage, but the ras gene point mutations were relatively late, at the CIS stage. CONCLUSIONS LOH at 9p loci occurs at the earliest stage in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and involves all regions of the respiratory tract. LOH in NSCLC is not random but targets a specific allele in individuals. Studying preneoplastic lesions may help identify intermediate markers for risk assessment and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-8593, USA
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Sugio K, Kishimoto Y, Virmani AK, Hung JY, Gazdar AF. K-ras mutations are a relatively late event in the pathogenesis of lung carcinomas. Cancer Res 1994; 54:5811-5. [PMID: 7954406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated preneoplastic lesions associated with lung cancer to determine at what stage in lung carcinogenesis K-ras mutations appear. We selected six archival lung cancer resection cases that had ras mutations. We precisely microdissected 74 relevant areas from paraffin-embedded sections. K-ras mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 were determined by the designed restriction fragment length polymorphism method using mismatched nested primers and confirmed by direct sequencing. All samples of invasive and metastatic cancers had K-ras mutations, as did four of five lesions of noninvasive cancer. Mutations were detected in only 1 of 12 dysplastic lesions and were absent from hyperplastic and normal-appearing cells. In all cases, the specific point mutations and the mutational pattern in the tumors, metastases, and the corresponding noninvasive lesions were identical. These results indicate that K-ras mutations arise relatively late in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and may be associated with the appearance of the malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sugio
- Simmons Cancer Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-8593
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Lam S, Hung JY, Kennedy SM, Leriche JC, Vedal S, Nelems B, Macaulay CE, Palcic B. Detection of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ by ratio fluorometry. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146:1458-61. [PMID: 1280929 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/146.6.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence bronchoscopy was performed in 82 volunteers recruited from occupational groups at risk of exposure to asbestos and/or diesel fumes to determine whether differences in tissue autofluorescence between normal and malignant bronchial tissues can be used to improve the sensitivity of standard fiberoptic bronchoscopy in detecting dysplasic and carcinoma in situ (CIS). This study consisted of 25 nonsmokers, 40 exsmokers, and 17 current smokers with mean ages of 52, 55, and 49 yr, respectively. Tissue autofluorescence was induced by a blue light from an He-Cd laser coupled to the illumination channel of the bronchoscope and analyzed by a ratiofluorometer. One or more sites of moderate or severe dysplasia were found in 12% of the exsmokers and current smokers but in none of the nonsmoker volunteers. CIS was found in two of the exsmokers. The sensitivity of fluorescence bronchoscopy (86%) was found to be 50% better than that of conventional white-light bronchoscopy (52%) in detecting dysplasia and CIS. Pre- and post-bronchoscopy sputum cytology failed to detect these precancerous lesions. Our results suggest that fluorescence bronchoscopy may be an important new method that can improve the ability to detect and localize precancerous and/or CIS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lam
- Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hung JY. Corneal sensation in retinal detachment surgery. Ann Ophthalmol 1987; 19:313-5, 318. [PMID: 3662317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We compared the rate of recovery of corneal sensation in two randomly selected groups of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment whose eyes were otherwise healthy. One of the groups underwent removal of the epithelium and, and the other was characterized by nonremoval of the epithelium. The corneal sensations were measured serially with an esthesiometer. The return of corneal sensation occurred sooner in the nonremoval group than in the removal group in the early postoperative period, but at three months, the difference was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Hung
- University of California, San Francisco
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Hung JY, Hilton GF. Neovascular glaucoma in a patient with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. Ann Ophthalmol 1980; 12:1054-5. [PMID: 6085608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A patient with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis was followed from age 5 years. At age 15 he developed rubeosis iridis and neovascular glaucoma in one eye, resulting in no light perception. A review of the literature revealed this case to be the first reported association of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis and neovascular glaucoma.
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