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Torfadottir JE, Ulven SM. Fish - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10485. [PMID: 38571914 PMCID: PMC10989230 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to conduct evidence-based documentation between fish intake and health outcomes for food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) 2023. For most health outcomes, the evidence for fish oil and n-3 long chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation was included when examining evidence between fish intake and health. In this review, conclusions from qualified systematic reviews (qSR) approved by NNR2023 are included. In addition, conclusions of a de novo systematic reviews on the topic of n-3 LC-PUFA, asthma, and allergy are included. Finally, a systematic literature search was performed limited to systematic reviews and meta-analysis published between 2011 and September 2021. In total, 21 papers from the systematic literature search, four qSR, and eight reports were included addressing the association between fish intake, fish oil, and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on several health outcomes. These included cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancers (colorectal, breast, and prostate), metabolic syndrome, obesity, mortality, cognition and mental health, pregnancy-related outcomes (preterm birth and birth weight), and outcomes specific for children (neurodevelopment, and risk of food allergies, and asthma). In addition, intermediate risk factors such as blood lipids, glucose, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure were reviewed. Based on current evidence, fish consumption can have beneficial effects to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke incidence, and lower mortality from CVD, CHD, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke, as well as total mortality risk. In addition, fish consumption is beneficial for preventing cognitive decline in adults (e.g. dementia and Alzheimer's disease). Fish intake may also prevent metabolic syndrome, supported by an observed association between fish intake and reduction in plasma triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Data from fish oil and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation studies supports the conclusions on the effects of fish consumption on most of the health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E. Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Thorgeirsson T, Torfadottir JE, Egilsson E, Oddsson S, Gunnarsdottir T, Aspelund T, Olafsdottir AS, Valdimarsdottir UA, Kawachi I, Adami HO, Bjarnason RG. Randomized Trial for Weight Loss Using a Digital Therapeutic Application. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1150-1158. [PMID: 33736484 PMCID: PMC9445341 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones present a near-ubiquitous channel through which structured lifestyle change can reduce risk or progression of the most common noncommunicable diseases. We explored whether a digital structured lifestyle program enhances weight loss. METHODS We randomized overweight and obese participants attending a four-month lifestyle change program to either standard weekly coaching sessions (controls), or standard treatment supplemented with a digital therapeutic mobile application (intervention). Changes in body mass index after four months were the main outcome measure. Odds ratios of achieving 5% weight loss were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Of 234 eligible persons, 146 (62%) agreed to participate, were block-randomized, showed up for the baseline measures, and constituted the intention-to-treat (ITT) sample (n = 95 intervention group, n = 51 control group). In the intervention group, 70 (74%) downloaded the mobile application and completed the program (intervention per-protocol). Significant weight loss and BMI reduction were observed for both the intention-to-treat intervention group (P < 0.05, P = 0.01) and the per-protocol intervention group (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001). For the intervention per-protocol group, the odds ratio of achieving 5% weight loss, compared to not treated per-protocol, was 3.3 (95% CI 1.3-8.2), adjusting for age and weight at baseline.Attendance to weekly coaching sessions decreased by 18% during the program in the control group while it increased by 3% amongst the per-protocol group (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings support the benefit of a digital therapeutic to enhance weight reduction and attendance in a structured lifestyle change program. Larger trials of longer duration are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryggvi Thorgeirsson
- Sidekick Health Digital Therapeutics, Kópavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland and Children’s Medical Centre, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Tryggvi Thorgeirsson, MD, Sidekick Health Digital Therapeutics, Vallakór 4, Kópavogur 203, Iceland.
| | - Johanna E. Torfadottir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Thor Aspelund
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna S. Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur A. Valdimarsdottir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnar G. Bjarnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland and Children’s Medical Centre, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Haraldsdottir A, Steingrimsdottir L, Maskarinec G, Adami HO, Aspelund T, Valdimarsdottir UA, Bjarnason R, Thorsdottir I, Halldorsson TI, Gunnarsdottir I, Tryggvadottir L, Gudnason V, Birgisdottir BE, Torfadottir JE. Growth Rate in Childhood and Adolescence and the Risk of Breast and Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:320-330. [PMID: 34643238 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth rate is regulated by hormonal pathways that might affect early cancer development. We explored the association between rate of growth in height from ages 8 to 13 years (childhood) and from age 13 to attainment of adult height (adolescence), as measured at study entry, and the risk of breast or prostate cancer. Participants were 2,037 Icelanders born during 1915-1935, who took part in the Reykjavik Study, established in 1967. Height measurements were obtained from school records and at study entry. We used multivariable Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals of breast and prostate cancer by rates of growth in tertiles. During a mean follow-up of 66 years (women) and 64 years (men), 117 women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 118 men with prostate cancer (45 with advanced disease). Women in the highest growth-rate tertile in adolescence had a higher risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 4.3) compared with women in the lowest tertile. A suggestive inverse association was observed for highest adolescent growth rate in men and advanced prostate cancer: hazard ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 1.0. Rapid growth, particularly in adolescence may affect cancer risk later in life.
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Thordardottir GS, Einarsdottir K, Thordardottir M, Tryggvadottir L, Valdimarsdottir UA, Gudnason V, Steingrimsdottir L, Aspelund T, Birgisdottir BE, Torfadottir JE. Dietary patterns in adolescence and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:205-211. [PMID: 34800195 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study whether dietary patterns in adolescence are associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Food frequency data were obtained from the AGES-Reykjavik study, conducted between 2002 and 2006, which included 5,078 (58% women) participants with mean age of 77 (± 5.8) years. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Participants were followed through linkage to the Icelandic Cancer Registry. Multivariable Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of CRC and 95% confidence interval (CI) by dietary patterns. RESULTS During the follow-up period (mean 8.2 years), 136 participants (75 women and 61 men) were diagnosed with CRC. The main dietary pattern in adolescence was characterized by high intake of traditional food items consumed in the earlier half of the twentieth century, namely, salted or smoked meat and fish, milk, offal, rye bread, and oatmeal. Compared to the lowest tertile, the middle tertile of this pattern was associated with increased risk of CRC (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.04-2.57), while the highest tertile was not statistically associated with CRC (HR 1.48, 95% CI 0.93-2.37), except among women (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.11-3.84). CONCLUSION These data suggest that strong adherence to a traditional Icelandic diet in adolescence might increase the risk of CRC, particularly among women. More research is need on the association between food items and dietary patterns of relevance to CRC at different points in the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guðny Sjofn Thordardottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristjana Einarsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Laufey Steingrimsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Dickerman BA, Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Giovannucci E, Wilson KM, Aspelund T, Tryggvadottir L, Sigurdardottir LG, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Markt SC, Mucci LA. Body fat distribution on computed tomography imaging and prostate cancer risk and mortality in the AGES-Reykjavik study. Cancer 2019; 125:2877-2885. [PMID: 31179538 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Cancer Research Fund classifies as "strong evidence" the link between obesity and the risk of advanced prostate cancer. In light of the different hormonal profiles associated with where adipose is stored, this study investigated the role of objectively measured body fat distribution and the risk of clinically relevant prostate cancer. METHODS This was a prospective study of 1832 men in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik study. From 2002 to 2006, participants underwent baseline computed tomography imaging of fat deposition, bioelectric impedance analysis, and measurement of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Men were followed through linkage with nationwide cancer registries for the incidence of total (n = 172), high-grade (Gleason grade ≥8; n = 43), advanced (≥cT3b/N1/M1 at diagnosis or fatal prostate cancer over follow-up; n = 41), and fatal prostate cancer (n = 31) through 2015. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between adiposity measures and prostate cancer outcomes. RESULTS Among all men, visceral fat (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31 per 1-standard deviation [SD] increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.72) and thigh subcutaneous fat (HR, 1.37 per 1-SD increase; 95% CI, 1.00-1.88) were associated with risk of advanced and fatal disease, respectively. Among men who were leaner based on BMI, visceral fat was associated with both advanced and fatal disease. BMI and waist circumference were associated with a higher risk of advanced and fatal disease. No adiposity measures were associated with total or high-grade disease. CONCLUSIONS Specific fat depots as well as BMI and waist circumference were associated with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer, which may help to elucidate underlying mechanisms and target intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbra A Dickerman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lara G Sigurdardottir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Education and Prevention, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Torfadottir JE, Aspelund T, Valdimarsdottir UA, Cotch MF, Tryggvadottir L, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Adami HO, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Steingrimsdottir L. Pre-diagnostic 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in cancer patients. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:333-342. [PMID: 30805814 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our main aim was to explore whether pre-diagnostic circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) among older individuals with cancer were associated with overall and cancer-specific survival after diagnosis. DESIGN We used data from the Reykjavik-AGES Study on participants (n = 4,619) without cancer at entry, when blood samples were taken for 25(OH)D standardized measurements. The association with cancer risk, all-cause- and cancer-specific mortality was assessed among those later diagnosed with cancer, comparing four 25(OH)D categories, using 50-69.9 nmol/L as the reference category. RESULTS Cancer was diagnosed in 919 participants on average 8.3 years after blood draw. No association was observed between the reference group and other 25(OH)D groups and total cancer incidence. Mean age at diagnosis was 80.9 (± 5.7) years. Of those diagnosed, 552 died during follow-up, 67% from cancer. Low pre-diagnostic levels of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L were significantly associated with increased total mortality (HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.03, 1.88) and non-significantly with cancer-specific mortality (HR: 1.33, 95% CI 0.93, 1.90). Among patients surviving more than 2 years after diagnosis, higher pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D levels (≥ 70 nmol/L) were associated with lower risk of overall (HR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.46, 0.99) and cancer-specific mortality (HR: 0.47, 95% CI 0.26, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Among elderly cancer patients, low pre-diagnostic serum 25(OH)D levels (< 30 nmol/L) were associated with increased overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laufey Steingrimsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Thordardottir M, Lindqvist EK, Lund SH, Costello R, Burton D, Steingrimsdottir L, Korde N, Mailankody S, Eiriksdottir G, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Landgren O, Torfadottir JE, Kristinsson SY. Dietary intake is associated with risk of multiple myeloma and its precursor disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206047. [PMID: 30383820 PMCID: PMC6211667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), the precursor state of multiple myeloma (MM), is mostly unknown and no studies have been conducted on the effect of diet on MGUS or progression from MGUS to MM. We aimed to explore the association between common foods and MGUS and progression to MM. Data from the population-based AGES Study (N = 5,764) were utilized. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake during adolescence, midlife, and late life. Serum protein electrophoresis and serum free light-chain assay was performed to identify MGUS (n = 300) and LC-MGUS cases (n = 275). We cross linked our data with the Icelandic Cancer Registry to find cases of MM in the study group. We found that intake of fruit at least three times per week during adolescence was associated with lower risk of MGUS when compared to lower fruit consumption (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.95). We additionally found that intake of fruit at least three times per week during the late life period was associated with decreased risk of progressing from MGUS to MM (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.89) when compared to lower intake. Adolescent intake of fruit may reduce risk of MGUS, whereas fruit intake after MGUS onset may reduce risk of progressing to MM. Our findings suggest that diet might alter the risk of developing MGUS and progression to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebba K. Lindqvist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigrun H. Lund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rene Costello
- Multiple Myeloma Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Debra Burton
- Multiple Myeloma Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Neha Korde
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Johanna E. Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Haraldsdottir A, Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Adami HO, Aspelund T, Tryggvadottir L, Thordardottir M, Birgisdottir BE, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Steingrimsdottir L. Correction: Dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and risk of breast cancer in older women. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206026. [PMID: 30321233 PMCID: PMC6188891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Skuladottir SS, Gudmundsdottir E, Mogensen B, Masdottir HR, Gudmundsdottir H, Jonsdottir LA, Sigurthorsdottir I, Torfadottir JE, Thorsteinsdottir T. Hip fractures among older people in Iceland between 2008 and 2012. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2018; 32:27-31. [PMID: 30030062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hip fractures are a serious injury especially among older people, mainly caused by falls and women have a higher risk. The authors studied gender differences in hip fractures, marital status, waiting times for surgery and mortality in an older population. METHODS Data was obtained for all 67 years and older admitted with hip fractures to an Emergency Department (ED) in Iceland 2008-2012. The associations of covariates with mortality were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The study included 1053 patients; covering 80% of hip fractures in Iceland during the study period, 72% were women. Men were more often married (51% vs. 23%) (P < 0.001). Average waiting time was men vs. women 21.5 h/18.9 h (p = 0.003). Mortality within 12 months was men 36% vs. women 21% (Odds Ratio (OR); 2.30, 95% Confidence Interval (CI); 1.66-3.18). Higher mortality rates were observed in older age-groups compared to 67-79 years old, i.e.80-89 years: OR 1.80 (95% CI 1.25-2.60) and 90-109 years: OR 4.52 (95% CI 2.91-7.01). Waiting time was not associated with 12-months mortality risk after adjustment. CONCLUSION Although women constitute the majority of elderly with hip fractures, men had higher mortality in our study. Further reserach that examine factors affecting gender difference will likey be of benefit and associated changes to the care already dleivered in the ED may improve mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Sunna Skuladottir
- Research Institute in Emergency Care, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland; The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Iceland.
| | - Elisabet Gudmundsdottir
- Division of Finance and Information, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Brynjólfur Mogensen
- Research Institute in Emergency Care, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Helga Rosa Masdottir
- Research Institute in Emergency Care, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Hlif Gudmundsdottir
- Research Institute in Emergency Care, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Lovisa Agnes Jonsdottir
- Research Institute in Emergency Care, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
| | | | - Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Thordis Thorsteinsdottir
- Research Institute in Emergency Care, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland; Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland
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10
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Haraldsdottir A, Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Adami HO, Aspelund T, Tryggvadottir L, Thordardottir M, Birgisdottir BE, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Steingrimsdottir L. Dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and risk of breast cancer in older women. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198017. [PMID: 29847592 PMCID: PMC5976175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that lifestyle factors in early life affect breast cancer risk. We therefore explored the association of high consumption of meat, milk, and whole grain products in adolescence and midlife, on breast cancer risk. We used data from the population based AGES-Reykjavik cohort (2002–2006), where 3,326 women with a mean age of 77 years (SD 6.0) participated. For food items and principal component derived dietary patterns we used Cox proportional models to calculate multivariate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 97 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. For both adolescence and midlife, daily consumption of rye bread was positively associated with breast cancer (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.6 and HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9, respectively). In contrast, persistent high consumption of oatmeal was negatively associated with breast cancer (0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9). No association was found for other food items or dietary patterns that included rye bread. High rye bread consumption in adolescence and midlife may increase risk of late-life breast cancer whilst persistent consumption of oatmeal may reduce the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfheidur Haraldsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanna E. Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur A. Valdimarsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Bryndis E. Birgisdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Laufey Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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11
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Dickerman BA, Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Wilson KM, Steingrimsdottir L, Aspelund T, Batista JL, Fall K, Giovannucci E, Sigurdardottir LG, Tryggvadottir L, Gudnason V, Markt SC, Mucci LA. Midlife metabolic factors and prostate cancer risk in later life. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1166-1173. [PMID: 29114858 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with several cancers, but evidence for aggressive prostate cancer is sparse. We prospectively investigated the influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on risk of total prostate cancer and measures of aggressive disease in a cohort of Icelandic men. Men in the Reykjavik Study (n = 9,097, enrolled 1967-1987) were followed for incident (n = 1,084 total; n = 378 advanced; n = 148 high-grade) and fatal (n = 340) prostate cancer until 2014. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for (1) measured metabolic factors at cohort entry (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose) and (2) a metabolic syndrome score (range 0-4) combining the risk factors: BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ; systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥85 mm Hg or taking antihypertensives; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl; fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dl or self-reported type 2 diabetes. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes were associated with a higher risk of total, advanced, high-grade, and fatal prostate cancer, independent of BMI. Neither BMI nor triglycerides were associated with prostate cancer risk. Higher metabolic syndrome score (3-4 vs 0) was associated with a higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR 1.55; 95% CI: 0.89, 2.69; p trend = 0.08), although this finding was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest a positive association between midlife hypertension and diabetes and risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer. Further, metabolic syndrome as a combination of factors was associated with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbra A Dickerman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Unnur A Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laufey Steingrimsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University Hospital & the Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Julie L Batista
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Katja Fall
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lara G Sigurdardottir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Education and Prevention, The Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Thordardottir M, Lindqvist EK, Birgisdottir BE, Steingrimsdottir L, Eiriksdottir G, Harris TB, Landgren O, Gudnason V, Torfadottir JE, Kristinsson SY. Early life dietary pattern and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - EK Lindqvist
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - BE Birgisdottir
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - TB Harris
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - O Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - JE Torfadottir
- The Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - SY Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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13
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Haraldsdottir A, Torfadottir JE, Birgisdottir BE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Aspelund T, Tryggvadottir L, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Steingrimsdottir L. Dietary pattern in late life and risk of breast cancer. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Haraldsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - JE Torfadottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - T Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - TB Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - LJ Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - V Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
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14
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Haraldsdottir A, Steingrimsdottir L, Valdimarsdottir UA, Aspelund T, Tryggvadottir L, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL, Adami HO, Gudnason V, Torfadottir JE. Early Life Residence, Fish Consumption, and Risk of Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:346-354. [PMID: 27765796 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0473-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about fish intake throughout the life course and the risk of breast cancer.Methods: We used data on the first residence of 9,340 women born 1908 to 1935 in the Reykjavik Study as well as food frequency data for different periods of life from a subgroup of the cohort entering the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study (n = 2,882).Results: During a mean follow-up of 27.3 years, 744 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in the Reykjavik Study. An inverse association of breast cancer was observed among women who lived through the puberty period in coastal villages, compared with women residing in the capital area [HR, 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61-0.99]. In the subgroup analysis of this Icelandic population, generally characterized by high fish intake, we found an indication of lower risk of breast cancer among women with high fish consumption (more than 4 portions per week) in adolescence (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.44-1.13) and midlife (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.97), compared with low consumers (2 portions per week or less). No association was found for fish liver oil consumption in any time period, which could be due to lack of a reference group with low omega-3 fatty acids intake in the study group.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that very high fish consumption in early to midlife may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer.Impact: Very high fish consumption in early adulthood to midlife may be associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 346-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfheidur Haraldsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laufey Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali National University Hospital Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali National University Hospital Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
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15
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Olafsdottir AS, Torfadottir JE, Arngrimsson SA. Health Behavior and Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Normal Weight Obesity in Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161451. [PMID: 27560824 PMCID: PMC4999227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore health behaviors and metabolic risk factors in normal weight obese (NWO) adolescents compared with normal weight lean (NWL) peers. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 18-year-old students (n = 182, 47% female) in the capital area of Iceland, with body mass index within normal range (BMI, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Body composition was estimated via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, fitness was assessed with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during treadmill test, dietary intake through 24-hour recall, questionnaires explained health behavior and fasting blood samples were taken. NWO was defined as normal BMI and body fat >17.6% in males and >31.6% in females. RESULTS Among normal weight adolescents, 42% (n = 76) were defined as NWO, thereof 61% (n = 46) male participants. Fewer participants with NWO were physically active, ate breakfast on a regular basis, and consumed vegetables frequently compared with NWL. No difference was detected between the two groups in energy- and nutrient intake. The mean difference in aerobic fitness was 5.1 ml/kg/min between the groups in favor of the NWL group (p<0.001). NWO was positively associated with having one or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome (Odds Ratio OR = 2.2; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.2, 3.9) when adjusted for sex. High waist circumference was more prevalent among NWO than NWL, but only among girls (13% vs 4%, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of NWO was observed in the study group. Promoting healthy lifestyle with regard to nutrition and physical activity in early life should be emphasized regardless of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Olafsdottir
- Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanna E. Torfadottir
- Educational Research Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurbjorn A. Arngrimsson
- Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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16
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Haraldsdottir A, Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Aspelund T, Tryggvadottir L, Launer LJ, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Steingrimsdottir L. Abstract P3-09-02: Early life residence, fish consumption and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p3-09-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Few studies exist on the effect of diet during different periods of life, on breast cancer risk later in life. Great differences existed in food consumption between the capital and rural areas in Iceland in the middle of the 20th century, with very high fish consumption in coastal areas.
Objectives: Our aim was to explore the effect of diet and residence during early life and midlife on breast cancer risk later in life.
Methods and data: We used data from the Reykjavik Study, a population-based Icelandic cohort of 10049 women born between 1907 and 1935, and examined the association of residence in early life, used as a proxy for dietary habits, and risk of breast cancer. To further explore this association, we also used food frequency data at different periods of life, including adolescence, from the AGES-Reykjavik cohort, a subgroup of the Reykjavik Study, established in 2002. Participants provided information on residence in early life. By linkage with the Icelandic Cancer Registry, information on breast cancer diagnoses was available throughout 2013. Adjustments were made for a series of potential confounders, including residence for dietary analysis.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 27.3 years, 744 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. We found a significant inverse association for breast cancer diagnosis among women who lived though the puberty period (20 years or more) in coastal villages compared with women residing in the capital area (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.94). In the subgroup analysis, we found that women with high fish consumption in midlife had lower risk of breast cancer in older age, compared with women with lower consumption, (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38, 0,94). However, we did not observe a statistically significant association between high fish intake in adolescence and breast cancer (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.62 - 1.13).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that high fish consumption in early- to midlife may be associated with reduced risk of breast cancer.
Citation Format: Haraldsdottir A, Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Aspelund T, Tryggvadottir L, Launer LJ, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Steingrimsdottir L. Early life residence, fish consumption and risk of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haraldsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - JE Torfadottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - UA Valdimarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - T Aspelund
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - L Tryggvadottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - LJ Launer
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - TB Harris
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - V Gudnason
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - L Steingrimsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, US National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
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17
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Torfadottir JE, Stampfer MJ, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL. RE: Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk in the SELECT trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju018. [PMID: 24685929 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Torfadottir
- Affiliations of authors: Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (JET, LAM); Department of Epidemiology (MJS, LAM, ELG) and Department of Nutrition (MJS, ELG), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MJS, LAM, ELG)
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18
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Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Mucci LA, Kasperzyk JL, Fall K, Tryggvadottir L, Aspelund T, Olafsson O, Harris TB, Jonsson E, Tulinius H, Gudnason V, Adami HO, Stampfer M, Steingrimsdottir L. Consumption of fish products across the lifespan and prostate cancer risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59799. [PMID: 23613715 PMCID: PMC3629172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether fish and fish oil consumption across the lifespan is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Design The study was nested among 2268 men aged 67–96 years in the AGES-Reykjavik cohort study. In 2002 to 2006, dietary habits were assessed, for early life, midlife and later life using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants were followed for prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality through 2009 via linkage to nationwide cancer- and mortality registers. Adjusting for potential confounders, we used regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for prostate cancer according to fish and fish oil consumption. Results Among the 2268 men, we ascertained 214 prevalent and 133 incident prostate cancer cases, of which 63 had advanced disease. High fish consumption in early- and midlife was not associated with overall or advanced prostate cancer. High intake of salted or smoked fish was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of advanced prostate cancer both in early life (95% CI: 1.08, 3.62) and in later life (95% CI: 1.04, 5.00). Men consuming fish oil in later life had a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer [HR (95%CI): 0.43 (0.19, 0.95)], no association was found for early life or midlife consumption. Conclusions Salted or smoked fish may increase risk of advanced prostate cancer, whereas fish oil consumption may be protective against progression of prostate cancer in elderly men. In a setting with very high fish consumption, no association was found between overall fish consumption in early or midlife and prostate cancer risk.
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Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Mucci L, Stampfer M, Kasperzyk JL, Fall K, Tryggvadottir L, Aspelund T, Olafsson O, Harris TB, Jonsson E, Tulinius H, Adami HO, Gudnason V, Steingrimsdottir L. Rye bread consumption in early life and reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:941-50. [PMID: 22527172 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether consumption of whole-grain rye bread, oatmeal, and whole-wheat bread, during different periods of life, is associated with risk of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS From 2002 to 2006, 2,268 men, aged 67-96 years, reported their dietary habits in the AGES-Reykjavik cohort study. Dietary habits were assessed for early life, midlife, and current life using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Through linkage to cancer and mortality registers, we retrieved information on PCa diagnosis and mortality through 2009. We used regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for PCa according to whole-grain consumption, adjusted for possible confounding factors including fish, fish liver oil, meat, and milk intake. RESULTS Of the 2,268 men, 347 had or were diagnosed with PCa during follow-up, 63 with advanced disease (stage 3+ or died of PCa). Daily rye bread consumption in adolescence (vs. less than daily) was associated with a decreased risk of PCa diagnosis (OR = 0.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.98) and of advanced PCa (OR = 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.84). High intake of oatmeal in adolescence (≥5 vs. ≤4 times/week) was not significantly associated with risk of PCa diagnosis (OR = 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.77-1.27) nor advanced PCa (OR = 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.37-1.20). Midlife and late life consumption of rye bread, oatmeal, or whole-wheat bread was not associated with PCa risk. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rye bread consumption in adolescence may be associated with reduced risk of PCa, particularly advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stapi v/Hringbraut 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Torfadottir JE, Steingrimsdottir L, Mucci L, Aspelund T, Kasperzyk JL, Olafsson O, Fall K, Tryggvadottir L, Harris TB, Launer L, Jonsson E, Tulinius H, Stampfer M, Adami HO, Gudnason V, Valdimarsdottir UA. Milk intake in early life and risk of advanced prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175:144-53. [PMID: 22190107 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors investigated whether early-life residency in certain areas of Iceland marked by distinct differences in milk intake was associated with risk of prostate cancer in a population-based cohort of 8,894 men born between 1907 and 1935. Through linkage to cancer and mortality registers, the men were followed for prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality from study entry (in waves from 1967 to 1987) through 2009. In 2002-2006, a subgroup of 2,268 participants reported their milk intake in early, mid-, and current life. During a mean follow-up period of 24.3 years, 1,123 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, including 371 with advanced disease (stage 3 or higher or prostate cancer death). Compared with early-life residency in the capital area, rural residency in the first 20 years of life was marginally associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (hazard ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 1.73), particularly among men born before 1920 (hazard ratio = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.56). Daily milk consumption in adolescence (vs. less than daily), but not in midlife or currently, was associated with a 3.2-fold risk of advanced prostate cancer (95% CI: 1.25, 8.28). These data suggest that frequent milk intake in adolescence increases risk of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stapi v/Hringbraut,101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Thorsdottir I, Torfadottir JE, Birgisdottir BE, Geirsson RT. Weight gain in women of normal weight before pregnancy: complications in pregnancy or delivery and birth outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99:799-806. [PMID: 11978290 DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)01946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between gestational weight gain in women of normal prepregnant weight and complications during pregnancy and delivery in a population with high gestational weight gain and birth weight. METHODS Healthy women (n = 615) of normal weight before pregnancy (body mass index 19.5-25.5 kg/m(2)) were randomly selected. Maternity records gave information on age, height, prepregnant weight, gestational weight gain, parity, smoking, gestational hypertension and diabetes, preeclampsia, delivery complications, and infants' birth size and health. RESULTS The mean weight gain in pregnancy was 16.8 +/- 4.9 kg (mean +/- standard deviation). A total of 26.4% of the women had complications, either in pregnancy (9.1%) or delivery (17.3%). Women gaining weight according to the recommendation of the Institute of Medicine (11.5-16.0 kg) had lower frequency of pregnancy-delivery complications than women gaining more than 20.0 kg (P =.017), but did not differ significantly from those gaining 16-20 kg (P >.05). When dividing weight gain in pregnancy into quintiles, a relative risk of 2.69 (95% confidence interval 1.01, 7.18, P =.048) was found for complications in pregnancy in the fourth quintile (17.9-20.8 kg), using the second quintile as reference (12.5-15.5 kg). The mean birth weight was 3778 +/- 496 g. A low weight gain in pregnancy (less than 11.5 kg) was associated with an increased frequency of infants weighing less than 3500 g at birth (P <.01). CONCLUSION A gestational weight gain of 11.5-16.0 kg (Institute of Medicine recommendation) for women of normal prepregnant weight is related to the lowest risk for pregnancy-delivery complications. In the population studied, the upper limit might be higher (up to 18 kg), and low weight gain should be avoided to optimize birth outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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