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Kataoka K, Yamada T, Shiozawa M, Takase N, Ito K, Yamazaki K, Watanabe J, Kudo T, Suto T, Matsumoto T, Murata K, Suwa Y, Boku S, Yasui H, Matsuhashi N, Maeda A, Sugimoto K, Matsumoto Y, Yokota M, Fredebohm J, Mori K, Ikeda M. Monitoring ctDNA RAS Mutational Status in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Trial Protocol of RAS-trace and RAS-trace-2 Studies. J Anus Rectum Colon 2024; 8:132-136. [PMID: 38689780 PMCID: PMC11056539 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2023-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial and temporal heterogeneities of RAS and other molecular genes should be considered in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); acquired RAS mutation is sometimes observed at disease progression of treatment with the anti-EGFR mAb. At the same time, discrepancy of RAS status from tissues and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the same patient is sometimes observed. Based on this, we commenced two observational studies to clarify these heterogeneities of RAS and BRAF in mCRC, using next generation sequencing from liquid biopsy. Methods/Design RAS-trace study is an observational study to monitor ctDNA RAS/BRAF/PIK3CA status every 4-12 weeks using the Plasma-SeqSensei™ CRC RUO Kit (Sysmex Inostics GmbH) in mCRC with RAS/BRAF wild-type (wt) on tumor tissue. The primary endpoint was the time to the acquired RAS mutations. A total of 42 patients has been accrued. RAS-trace-2 study is also an observational study aimed at comparing the efficacy of the anti-EGFR mAb in ctDNA RAS/BRAF wt with ctDNA RAS or BRAF mutant mCRC patients, whose RAS/BRAF are wt in tumor tissue. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in patients with ctDNA RAS/BRAF wt and RAS or BRAF mutant. A total of 240 patients will be accrued over 2 years. Discussion These trials will help us understanding the clinical significance of spatial and temporal heterogeneities of RAS, BRAF and other genes, while optimizing the anti-EGFR mAb treatment strategies in mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Kataoka
- Division of Lower GI Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Billiary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoto Takase
- Department of Medical Oncology, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ito
- Division of Lower GI Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shunto, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kudo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Kohei Murata
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Aamagasai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suwa
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shogen Boku
- Cancer Treatment Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yasui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Kiichi Sugimoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yokota
- Department of General Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | - Keita Mori
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shunto, Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Division of Lower GI Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Diaz IM, Nocon A, Held SAE, Kobilay M, Skowasch D, Bronkhorst AJ, Ungerer V, Fredebohm J, Diehl F, Holdenrieder S, Holtrup F. Pre-Analytical Evaluation of Streck Cell-Free DNA Blood Collection Tubes for Liquid Profiling in Oncology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071288. [PMID: 37046506 PMCID: PMC10093569 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excellent pre-analytical stability is an essential precondition for reliable molecular profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in oncological diagnostics. Therefore, in vitro degradation of ctDNA and the additional release of contaminating genomic DNA from lysed blood cells must be prevented. Streck Cell-Free DNA blood collection tubes (cfDNA BCTs) have proposed advantages over standard K2EDTA tubes, but mainly have been tested in healthy individuals. Blood was collected from cancer patients (n = 53) suffering from colorectal (n = 21), pancreatic (n = 11), and non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 21) using cfDNA BCT tubes and K2EDTA tubes that were processed immediately or after 3 days (BCTs) or 6 hours (K2EDTA) at room temperature. The cfDNA isolated from these samples was characterized in terms of yield using LINE-1 qPCR; the level of gDNA contamination; and the mutation status of KRAS, NRAS, and EGFR genes using BEAMing ddPCR. CfDNA yield and gDNA levels were comparable in both tube types and were not affected by prolonged storage of blood samples for at least 3 days in cfDNA BCTs or 6 hours in K2EDTA tubes. In addition, biospecimens collected in K2EDTA tubes and cfDNA BCTs stored for up to 3 days demonstrated highly comparable levels of mutational load across all respective cancer patient cohorts and a wide range of concentrations. Our data support the applicability of clinical oncology specimens collected and stored in cfDNA BCTs for up to 3 days for reliable cfDNA and mutation analyses.
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Economopoulou P, Spathis A, Kotsantis I, Maratou E, Anastasiou M, Moutafi MK, Kirkasiadou M, Pantazopoulos A, Giannakakou M, Edelstein DL, Sloane H, Fredebohm J, Jones FS, Kyriazoglou A, Gavrielatou N, Foukas P, Panayiotides I, Psyrri A. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) profiling of matched tumor and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Oral Oncol 2023; 139:106358. [PMID: 36871349 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the presence of somatic mutations in matched tumor and circulating DNA (ctDNA) samples from patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and assess the association of changes in ctDNA levels with survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 62 patients with stage I-IVB HNSCC treated with surgery or radical chemoradiotherapy with curative intent. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline, at the end of treatment (EOT), and at disease progression. Tumor DNA was extracted from plasma (ctDNA) and tumor tissue (tDNA). The Safe Sequencing System was used assess the presence of pathogenic variants in four genes (TP53, CDKN2A, HRAS and PI3KCA) in both ctDNA and tDNA. RESULTS Forty-five patients had available tissue and plasma samples. Concordance of genotyping results between tDNA and ctDNA at baseline was 53.3%. TP53 mutations were most commonly identified at baseline in both ctDNA (32.6%) and tDNA (40%). The presence of mutations in this restricted set of 4 genes in tissue samples at baseline was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) [median 58.3 months for patients with mutations vs. 89 months for patients without mutations, p < 0.013]. Similarly, patients presenting with mutations in ctDNA had shorter OS [median 53.8 vs. 78.6 months, p < 0.037]. CtDNA clearance at EOT did not show any association with PFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS Liquid biopsy enables real-time molecular characterization of HNSCC and might predict survival. Larger studies are needed to validate the utility of ctDNA as a biomarker in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Economopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kotsantis
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Anastasiou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto K Moutafi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kirkasiadou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Pantazopoulos
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Giannakakou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel L Edelstein
- Medical Affairs, Sysmex Inostics Inc., 1812 Ashland Ave #500, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hillary Sloane
- Medical Affairs, Sysmex Inostics Inc., 1812 Ashland Ave #500, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Johannes Fredebohm
- Research and Innovation, Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Alkenried 88, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Frederick S Jones
- Research and Innovation, Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Alkenried 88, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anastasios Kyriazoglou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Gavrielatou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece.
| | - Periklis Foukas
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panayiotides
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1(st) Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece.
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Ciriaco N, Zamora E, Escrivá-de-Romaní S, Miranda Gómez I, Jiménez Flores J, Saura C, Sloane H, Starus A, Fredebohm J, Georgieva L, Speight G, Jones F, Ramón y Cajal S, Espinosa-Bravo M, Peg V. Clearance of ctDNA in triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant treatment is correlated with pathologic complete response. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221139601. [PMID: 36479470 PMCID: PMC9720791 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221139601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the standard of care is to perform surgery of primary breast cancer (BC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), for certain patients achieving clinical complete response (cCR) and pathologic complete response (pCR), omission of surgical treatment may be an option. Levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during and after therapy could identify patients achieving minimal residual disease. In this study, we evaluated whether ctDNA clearance during NAC could be a correlate to effective response in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) and triple-negative (TN) BC patients. METHODS A prospective study was conducted to identify patient-specific PIK3CA and TP53 mutations in tissue using next-generation sequencing, which could then be used to track the presence/absence of mutations prior to, during, and following NAC using Sysmex SafeSEQ technology. All patients underwent a surgical excision after NAC, and pCR was assessed. RESULTS A total of 29 TN and HER2+ BC patients were examined and 20 that carried mutations in the PIK3CA and/or TP53 genes were recruited. Overall, 19 of these 20 patients harbored at least one tumor-specific mutation in their plasma at baseline. After NAC, 15 patients (75.0%) achieved pCR according to the histopathologic evaluation of the surgical specimen, and 15 patients (75.0%) had a cCR; 18 of 20 patients (90.0%) had concordant pCR and cCR. The status of 'no mutation detected' (NMD) following NAC in cCR patients correctly identified the pCR in 14 of 15 patients (93.33%), as well as correctly ruled out pCR in three patients, with an accuracy of 89.47%. During the 12-month follow-up after surgery, 40 plasma samples collected from 15 patients all showed no detectable ctDNA (NMD), and no patient recurred. CONCLUSION These findings prompt further research of the value of ctDNA for non-invasive prediction of clinical/pathological response, raising the possibility of sparing surgery following NAC in selected BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikaoly Ciriaco
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Zamora
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Escrivá-de-Romaní
- Breast Cancer Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Jiménez Flores
- Molecular Oncology Lab. Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Saura
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hillary Sloane
- Sysmex Inostics, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Starus
- Sysmex Inostics, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fredebohm
- Sysmex Inostics, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Frederick Jones
- Sysmex Inostics, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Peg
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Paseo Vall d’Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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Rosenberg AJ, Izumchenko E, Pearson A, Gooi Z, Blair E, Karrison T, Juloori A, Ginat D, Cipriani N, Lingen M, Sloane H, Edelstein DL, Keyser K, Fredebohm J, Holtrup F, Jones FS, Haraf D, Agrawal N, Vokes EE. Prospective study evaluating dynamic changes of cell-free HPV DNA in locoregional viral-associated oropharyngeal cancer treated with induction chemotherapy and response-adaptive treatment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 34980038 PMCID: PMC8722316 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has a favorable prognosis which has led to efforts to de-intensify treatment. Response-adaptive de-escalated treatment is promising, however improved biomarkers are needed. Quantitative cell-free HPV-DNA (cfHPV-DNA) in plasma represents an attractive non-invasive biomarker for grading treatment response and post-treatment surveillance. This prospective study evaluates dynamic changes in cfHPV-DNA during induction therapy, definitive (chemo)radiotherapy, and post-treatment surveillance in the context of risk and response-adaptive treatment for HPV + OPC. METHODS Patients with locoregional HPV + OPC are stratified into two cohorts: High risk (HR) (T4, N3, [Formula: see text] 20 pack-year smoking history (PYH), or non-HPV16 subtype); Low risk (LR) (all other patients). All patients receive induction chemotherapy with three cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel. LR with ≥ 50% response receive treatment on the single-modality arm (minimally-invasive surgery or radiation alone to 50 Gy). HR with ≥ 50% response or LR with ≥ 30% and < 50% response receive treatment on the intermediate de-escalation arm (chemoradiation to 50 Gy with cisplatin). All other patients receive treatment on the regular dose arm with chemoradiation to 70 Gy with concurrent cisplatin. Plasma cfHPV-DNA is assessed during induction, (chemo)radiation, and post-treatment surveillance. The primary endpoint is correlation of quantitative cfHPV-DNA with radiographic response. DISCUSSION A de-escalation treatment paradigm that reduces toxicity without compromising survival outcomes is urgently needed for HPV + OPC. Response to induction chemotherapy is predictive and prognostic and can select candidates for de-escalated definitive therapy. Assessment of quantitative cfHPV-DNA in the context of response-adaptive treatment of represents a promising reliable and convenient biomarker-driven strategy to guide personalized treatment in HPV + OPC. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on October 1st, 2020 with Identifier: NCT04572100 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Gooi
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blair
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Juloori
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Ginat
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Cipriani
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Everett E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sloane H, Sathyanarayan P, Edelstein D, Jones F, Preston J, Wu S, Los J, Duchstein L, Fredebohm J, Wichner K, Heim D, Holtrup F, Quinn H, Feller-Kopman D. Abstract LB053: Clinical evaluation of NGS-based liquid biopsy genotyping in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-lb053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Access to molecular testing for metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) patients has been improved by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) based liquid biopsies (LB), which can obviate invasive procedures, expedite results, and enable serial testing. Emerging clinical applications for LB include therapeutic efficacy monitoring and minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, which demand a ctDNA assay with high sensitivity, specificity, and appropriate genomic coverage. Here we demonstrate that SafeSEQ next-generation sequencing (NGS) LB delivers equivalent performance to OncoBEAM digital PCR, a sensitive ctDNA approach that has been extensively clinically validated in pivotal trials (e.g., AURA, TIGER-X). Importantly, SafeSEQ delivers significantly expanded genomic coverage to address the need for expanding targeted therapy indications, monitoring treatment response, and detecting MRD. Methods: Whole blood samples (n=176) were collected from mNSCLC patients prior to/during treatment or at disease progression and transported to a CLIA laboratory for OncoBEAM analysis to detect mutations in EGFR (exon 19 del, L858R, T790M, C797S), KRAS (codons 12, 13, 61) and BRAF V600E. Replicate plasma aliquots were analyzed with SafeSEQ to interrogate clinically relevant regions in BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, MET, NRAS, PIK3CA, and TP53. Mutation level concordance between the methods was assessed, where only genomic alterations interrogated by both platforms were considered. For mutations detected by both methods, correlation analysis of mutant allelic frequency (MAF) was performed. Results: Concordance analysis of the mutation results from OncoBEAM and SafeSEQ testing of 176 replicate patient samples demonstrated an overall percent agreement (OPA) of 99.6%, with a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 78.1% and a negative percent agreement (NPA) of 99.9%. The mean MAF for discordant mutations (n=16) was 0.06% (range: 0.04-0.12%). When considering mutations with MAF >0.1%, PPA and OPA increased to 96.0% and 99.9%, respectively. MAF levels for mutations detected by both methods demonstrated a strong linear correlation (R2=0.98). Of 124 patient samples having no mutation detected by OncoBEAM, 75 (60%) showed ≥1 alteration with SafeSEQ. Panel-wide, 76% and 30% of all mutations were detected at <1% and <0.1% MAF, respectively. Conclusions: SafeSEQ demonstrates clinical sensitivity comparable to OncoBEAM, with a strong positive correlation between MAF values across a broad dynamic range. SafeSEQ also provides expanded coverage across broader genomic regions, which - when combined with robust clinical performance - should better inform treatment selection, improve high resolution monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, and enable MRD detection and surveillance for NSCLC patients.
Citation Format: Hillary Sloane, Priya Sathyanarayan, Daniel Edelstein, Frederick Jones, Jennifer Preston, Sam Wu, Jenna Los, Lara Duchstein, Johannes Fredebohm, Katharina Wichner, Denise Heim, Frank Holtrup, Hannah Quinn, David Feller-Kopman. Clinical evaluation of NGS-based liquid biopsy genotyping in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB053.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sam Wu
- 2Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jenna Los
- 2Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Sloane H, Izumchenko E, Mattox A, Hasina R, Patel A, Jones F, Quinn H, Keyser K, Fredebohm J, Holtrup F, Pearson AT, Vokes EE, Seiwert TY, Edelstein DL, Rosenberg A, Agrawal N. Ultra-sensitive detection and quantification of HPV DNA in the plasma of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) enrolled in the OPTIMA 2 treatment de-escalation trial. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6048 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a primary factor driving the increasing incidence of OPSCC. As patients with HPV+ OPSCC show significantly improved treatment response and prognosis, there is an urgent need to de-escalate treatment of HPV+ OPSCC that optimizes oncologic control while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Cell-free HPV DNA (cfHPV-DNA) from plasma specimens represents a promising noninvasive surrogate of disease burden in these patients. To enable cfHPV-DNA analysis as a strategy to monitor response to therapy and guide treatment de-escalation, we developed a highly sensitive assay for HPV16/18 detection and quantification in plasma, based on the SafeSEQ next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Methods: Longitudinal plasma samples were collected from patients with locoregional HPV+ OPSCC treated on our institutional de-escalation protocol of induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by risk/response stratified de-escalated locoregional therapy, OPTIMA 2 (NCT03107182). Neck CT or MRI was obtained for all patients at baseline and following induction chemoimmunotherapy; radiographic response to induction therapy was assessed per RECIST 1.1 criteria. cfHPV-DNA was quantified in plasma samples collected at baseline and at the end of induction therapy. Changes in cfHPV-DNA levels were correlated with radiographic response. Results: The SafeSEQ HPV assay demonstrates high analytical sensitivity, with ability to detect a single copy of HPV DNA. Replicate testing of contrived samples containing HPV 16/18 DNA at defined levels revealed robust quantitative detection across a dynamic range over 5 orders of magnitude. The assay showed a low level of background signal ( < 0.04 copies per sample) across 20 healthy donor samples, indicating high specificity. In plasma samples collected at baseline from patients enrolled in OPTIMA 2, cfHPV-DNA was detected at levels ranging from 1 to > 30,000 copies/ml. A high correlation was observed between dynamic changes in patients’ cfHPV-DNA levels and radiographic responses following induction therapy. Furthermore, in samples collected longitudinally during induction therapy, changes in cfHPV-DNA levels accurately tracked radiographic responses to therapy. Conclusions: We have developed a highly sensitive and specific cfHPV-DNA detection assay based on SafeSEQ NGS technology and have successfully applied it to monitor therapeutic response in HPV+ OPSCC patients. The assay exhibits robust quantitative detection of HPV across a broad range of levels, even when only a few copies are present, enabling high-resolution molecular monitoring. Prospective studies are underway to further evaluate the kinetics of cfHPV-DNA as a predictor of response to therapy in order to more precisely guide the management of patients with HPV+ OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aashay Patel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander T. Pearson
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Rodriguez BJ, Córdoba GD, Aranda AG, Álvarez M, Vicioso L, Pérez CL, Hernando C, Bermejo B, Parreño AJ, Lluch A, Ryder MB, Jones FS, Fredebohm J, Holtrup F, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Alba E. Detection of TP53 and PIK3CA Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA Using Next-Generation Sequencing in the Screening Process for Early Breast Cancer Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081183. [PMID: 31394872 PMCID: PMC6723048 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a non-invasive "liquid biopsy" for early breast cancer diagnosis. We evaluated the suitability of ctDNA analysis in the diagnosis of early breast cancer after mammography findings, comparing PIK3CA and TP53 mutations between tumor biopsies and pre-biopsy circulating DNA. Matched plasma and frozen fresh tissue biopsies from patients with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 4c/5 mammography findings and subsequent diagnosis of primary breast cancer were analyzed using NGS TruSeq Custom Amplicon Low Input Panel (Illumina) and plasma SafeSEQ (Sysmex Inostics). The same plasma and tumor mutations were observed in eight of 29 patients (27.6%) with four in TP53 and five in PIK3CA mutations. Sequencing analysis also revealed four additional ctDNA mutations (three in TP53 and one in PIK3CA) previously not identified in three patients tissue biopsy. One of these patients had mutations in both genes. Age, tumor grade and size, immunohistochemical (IHC) subtype, BIRADS category, and lymph node positivity were significantly associated with the detectability of these blood tumor-derived mutations. In conclusion, ctDNA analysis could be used in early breast cancer diagnosis, providing critical clinical information to improve patient diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begona Jimenez Rodriguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Gema Diaz Córdoba
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia Garrido Aranda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Martina Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Vicioso
- Histopathology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Casilda Llácer Pérez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernando
- Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Julve Parreño
- Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Emilio Alba
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Medica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Jimenez Rodriguez B, Diaz Córdoba G, Garrido Aranda A, Vicioso L, Parrado MRC, de Luque V, Lozano MJ, Moreno Ros M, Bellagarza E, Hernando C, Bermejo B, Lluch Hernandez A, Álvarez M, Jones FS, Nocon A, Ryder MB, Fredebohm J, Mehnert D, Holtrup F, Alba E. Plasma sequencing of ctDNA in early stage breast cancer as part of the screening process. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Begona Jimenez Rodriguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gema Diaz Córdoba
- Radiology Department. Hospital Cínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria. Málaga (Spain), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Luis Vicioso
- IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario y Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Rosario Chica Parrado
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/ H. Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Vanessa de Luque
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Lozano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, Málaga, MA, Spain
| | - Mar Moreno Ros
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estefania Bellagarza
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria-IBIMA. Málaga (Spain), Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernando
- Medical Oncology Department. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begona Bermejo
- Medical Oncology Department. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch Hernandez
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martina Álvarez
- IBIMA, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilio Alba
- Hospital Clinico Universitario, Malaga, Spain
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10
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Fredebohm J, Mehnert DH, Löber AK, Holtrup F, van Rahden V, Angenendt P, Diehl F. Detection and Quantification of KIT Mutations in ctDNA by Plasma Safe-SeqS. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 924:187-189. [PMID: 27753042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42044-8_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a highly sensitive assay based on the Safe-SeqS technology to detect de novo mutations in the KIT gene and tested its performance. This assay was applied to plasma samples of GIST patients before and after treatment with regorafenib (GRID III trial) and mutations at known and novel sites of potential secondary resistance were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Holtrup
- Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Falkenried 88, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Diehl
- Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Falkenried 88, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Kaistha BP, Krattenmacher A, Fredebohm J, Schmidt H, Behrens D, Widder M, Hackert T, Strobel O, Hoheisel JD, Gress TM, Buchholz M. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP5 promotes pancreatic cancer via modulating cell cycle regulators. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66215-66225. [PMID: 29029505 PMCID: PMC5630405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors. With an overall five-year survival rate remaining below 6%, there is an explicit need to search for new molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. We undertook a barcode labelled short-hairpin (shRNA) library screen in pancreatic cancer cells in order to identify novel genes promoting cancer survival and progression. Among the candidate genes identified in this screen was the deubiquitinase USP5, which subsequent gene expression analyses demonstrated to be significantly upregulated in primary human pancreatic cancer tissues. Using different knockdown approaches, we show that expression of USP5 is essential for the proliferation and survival of pancreatic cancer cells, tested under different 2D and 3D cell culture conditions as well as in in vivo experiments. These growth inhibition effects upon knockdown of USP5 are mediated primarily by the attenuation of G1/S phase transition in the cells, which is accompanied by accumulation of DNA damage, upregulation of p27, and increased apoptosis rates. Since USP5 is overexpressed in cancer tissues, it can thus potentially serve as a new target for therapeutic interventions, especially given the fact that deubiquitinases are currently emerging as new class of attractive drug targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh P Kaistha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anja Krattenmacher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fredebohm
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Diana Behrens
- Experimantal Pharmacology and Oncology (EPO Berlin-Buch), Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Widder
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (IBA-Heiligenstadt), Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Medina Diaz I, Nocon A, Mehnert DH, Fredebohm J, Diehl F, Holtrup F. Performance of Streck cfDNA Blood Collection Tubes for Liquid Biopsy Testing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166354. [PMID: 27832189 PMCID: PMC5104415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Making liquid biopsy testing widely available requires a concept to ship whole blood at ambient temperatures while retaining the integrity of the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) population and stability of blood cells to prevent dilution of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with wild-type genomic DNA. The cell- and DNA-stabilizing properties of Streck Cell-Free DNA BCT blood collection tubes (cfDNA BCTs) were evaluated to determine if they can be utilized in combination with highly sensitive mutation detection technologies. Methods Venous blood from healthy donors or patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) was collected in cfDNA BCTs and standard K2EDTA tubes. Tubes were stored at different temperatures for various times before plasma preparation and DNA extraction. The isolated cfDNA was analyzed for overall DNA yield of short and long DNA fragments using qPCR as well as for mutational changes using BEAMing and Plasma Safe-Sequencing (Safe-SeqS). Results Collection of whole blood from healthy individuals in cfDNA BCTs and storage for up to 5 days at room temperature did not affect the DNA yield and mutation background levels (n = 60). Low-frequency mutant DNA spiked into normal blood samples as well as mutant circulating tumor DNA in blood samples from CRC patients collected in cfDNA BCTs were reliably detected after 3 days of storage at room temperature. However, blood samples stored at ≤ 10°C and at 40°C for an extended period of time showed elevated normal genomic DNA levels and an abnormally large cellular plasma interface as well as lower plasma volumes. Conclusion Whole blood shipped in cfDNA BCTs over several days can be used for downstream liquid biopsy testing using BEAMing and Safe-SeqS. Since the shipping temperature is a critical factor, special care has to be taken to maintain a defined room temperature range to obtain reliable mutation testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Medina Diaz
- Research and Development, Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Nocon
- Research and Development, Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Diehl
- Research and Development, Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Frank Holtrup
- Research and Development, Sysmex Inostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Fredebohm J, Mehnert D, Löber AK, Shimizu H, Holtrup F, Diehl F. Abstract 403: Performance assessment of highly sensitive NGS assay for TP53. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have designed a highly sensitive assay based on the Safe-Sequencing technology(1) to detect de novo mutations in the TP53 gene. A custom panel was designed to cover 95% of all reported mutations in TP53. To demonstrate assay performance, we assessed LoD, LoB, reproducibility, and repeatability and evaluated concordance with BEAMing(2). A customized data analysis pipeline for ultra-deep sequencing runs was developed that includes extensive quality control and advanced mutation calling. This highly sensitive NGS-based workflow can be applied to monitor recurrent or minimal residual disease in cancer patients after surgery or chemotherapy.
References:
(1) Kinde I, Wu J, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Detection and quantification of rare mutations with massively parallel sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jun 7; 108(23): 9530-9535
(2) Diehl F, Li M, He Y, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Dressman D. BEAMing: single-molecule PCR on microparticles in water-in-oil emulsions. Nat Methods. 2006 Jul;3(7):551-9.
Citation Format: Johannes Fredebohm, Daniel Mehnert, Ann-Kathrin Löber, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Frank Holtrup, Frank Diehl. Performance assessment of highly sensitive NGS assay for TP53. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 403.
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14
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Cheng X, Kim JY, Ghafoory S, Duvaci T, Rafiee R, Theobald J, Alborzinia H, Holenya P, Fredebohm J, Merz KH, Mehrabi A, Hafezi M, Saffari A, Eisenbrand G, Hoheisel JD, Wölfl S. Methylisoindigo preferentially kills cancer stem cells by interfering cell metabolism via inhibition of LKB1 and activation of AMPK in PDACs. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:806-24. [PMID: 26887594 PMCID: PMC5423166 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinically has a very poor prognosis. No small molecule is available to reliably achieve cures. Meisoindigo is chemically related to the natural product indirubin and showed substantial efficiency in clinical chemotherapy for CML in China. However, its effect on PDAC is still unknown. Our results showed strong anti-proliferation effect of meisoindigo on gemcitabine-resistant PDACs. Using a recently established primary PDAC cell line, called Jopaca-1 with a larger CSCs population as model, we observed a reduction of CD133+ and ESA+/CD44+/CD24+ populations upon treatment and concomitantly a decreased expression of CSC-associated genes, and reduced cellular mobility and sphere formation. Investigating basic cellular metabolic responses, we detected lower oxygen consumption and glucose uptake, while intracellular ROS levels increased. This was effectively neutralized by the addition of antioxidants, indicating an essential role of the cellular redox balance. Further analysis on energy metabolism related signaling revealed that meisoindigo inhibited LKB1, but activated AMPK. Both of them were involved in cellular apoptosis. Additional in situ hybridization in tissue sections of PDAC patients reproducibly demonstrated co-expression and -localization of LKB1 and CD133 in malignant areas. Finally, we detected that CD133+/CD44+ were more vulnerable to meisoindigo, which could be mimicked by LKB1 siRNAs. Our results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that LKB1 sustains the CSC population in PDACs and demonstrate a clear benefit of meisoindigo in treatment of gemcitabine-resistant cells. This novel mechanism may provide a promising new treatment option for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlai Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Shahrouz Ghafoory
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tijen Duvaci
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Roya Rafiee
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jannick Theobald
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pavlo Holenya
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fredebohm
- Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Mohammadreza Hafezi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Arash Saffari
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Boettcher M, Lawson A, Ladenburger V, Fredebohm J, Wolf J, Hoheisel JD, Frezza C, Shlomi T. High throughput synthetic lethality screen reveals a tumorigenic role of adenylate cyclase in fumarate hydratase-deficient cancer cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:158. [PMID: 24568598 PMCID: PMC3945041 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synthetic lethality is an appealing technique for selectively targeting cancer cells which have acquired molecular changes that distinguish them from normal cells. High-throughput RNAi-based screens have been successfully used to identify synthetic lethal pathways with well-characterized tumor suppressors and oncogenes. The recent identification of metabolic tumor suppressors suggests that the concept of synthetic lethality can be applied to selectively target cancer metabolism as well. Results Here, we perform a high-throughput RNAi screen to identify synthetic lethal genes with fumarate hydratase (FH), a metabolic tumor suppressor whose loss-of-function has been associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC). Our unbiased screen identified synthetic lethality between FH and several genes in heme metabolism, in accordance with recent findings. Furthermore, we identified an enrichment of synthetic lethality with adenylate cyclases. The effects were validated in an embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293T) and in HLRCC-patient derived cells (UOK262) via both genetic and pharmacological inhibition. The reliance on adenylate cyclases in FH-deficient cells is consistent with increased cyclic-AMP levels, which may act to regulate cellular energy metabolism. Conclusions The identified synthetic lethality of FH with adenylate cyclases suggests a new potential target for treating HLRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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16
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Wolf J, Dewi DL, Fredebohm J, Müller-Decker K, Flechtenmacher C, Hoheisel JD, Boettcher M. A mammosphere formation RNAi screen reveals that ATG4A promotes a breast cancer stem-like phenotype. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R109. [PMID: 24229464 PMCID: PMC3978845 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer stem cells are suspected to be responsible for tumour recurrence, metastasis formation as well as chemoresistance. Consequently, great efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer stem cell maintenance. In order to study these rare cells in-vitro, they are typically enriched via mammosphere culture. Here we developed a mammosphere-based negative selection shRNAi screening system suitable to analyse the involvement of thousands of genes in the survival of cells with cancer stem cell properties. Methods We describe a sub-population expressing the stem-like marker CD44+/CD24-/low in SUM149 that were enriched in mammospheres. To identify genes functionally involved in the maintenance of the sub-population with cancer stem cell properties, we targeted over 5000 genes by RNAi and tested their ability to grow as mammospheres. The identified candidate ATG4A was validated in mammosphere and soft agar colony formation assays. Further, we evaluated the influence of ATG4A expression on the sub-population expressing the stem-like marker CD44+/CD24low. Next, the tumorigenic potential of SUM149 after up- or down-regulation of ATG4A was examined by xenograft experiments. Results Using this method, Jak-STAT as well as cytokine signalling were identified to be involved in mammosphere formation. Furthermore, the autophagy regulator ATG4A was found to be essential for the maintenance of a sub-population with cancer stem cell properties and to regulate breast cancer cell tumourigenicity in vivo. Conclusion In summary, we present a high-throughput screening system to identify genes involved in cancer stem cell maintenance and demonstrate its utility by means of ATG4A.
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17
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Abstract
Chemotherapy of advanced pancreatic cancer has mainly been gemcitabine-based for the past 15 years, with only limited effect. Recently, combination therapy that also targets checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) has become an attractive option. The central role of CHK1 in many DNA-damage response pathways, however, may result in undesired cytotoxicity in normal cells, causing side effects. We were searching for other target molecules of similar function that may be more specific and thus better suited for combination therapy. To this end a negative selection RNAi screen was performed in cell lines with small hairpin RNA molecules targeting over 10,000 genes. Genes that were found to be synthetically lethal with gemcitabine and whose proteins act upstream of CHK1 were characterised in more detail. In particular, the inhibition of RAD17 potentiated gemcitabine cytotoxicity in the pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and MiaPaca-2 and in the primary cell line JoPaca-1 that closely resembles primary tumour tissue. Further analysis showed that the synergistic effect of RAD17 knockdown and gemcitabine leads to forced mitotic entry of cells arrested in S phase by gemcitabine treatment, resulting in asymmetric DNA distribution during anaphase followed by DNA fragmentation and finally cell death by mitotic catastrophe. Our data suggest RAD17 as a novel target protein for gemcitabine combination therapy supplementing or complementing inhibition of CHK1. In contrast to CHK1, RAD17 knockdown by itself does not lead to abnormal DNA segregation, suggesting a more specific action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fredebohm
- Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Fredebohm J, Boettcher M, Eisen C, Gaida MM, Heller A, Keleg S, Tost J, Greulich-Bode KM, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Lathrop M, Giese NA, Hoheisel JD. Establishment and characterization of a highly tumourigenic and cancer stem cell enriched pancreatic cancer cell line as a well defined model system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48503. [PMID: 23152778 PMCID: PMC3495919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard cancer cell lines do not model the intratumoural heterogeneity situation sufficiently. Clonal selection leads to a homogeneous population of cells by genetic drift. Heterogeneity of tumour cells, however, is particularly critical for therapeutically relevant studies, since it is a prerequisite for acquiring drug resistance and reoccurrence of tumours. Here, we report the isolation of a highly tumourigenic primary pancreatic cancer cell line, called JoPaca-1 and its detailed characterization at multiple levels. Implantation of as few as 100 JoPaca-1 cells into immunodeficient mice gave rise to tumours that were histologically very similar to the primary tumour. The high heterogeneity of JoPaca-1 was reflected by diverse cell morphology and a substantial number of chromosomal aberrations. Comparative whole-genome sequencing of JoPaca-1 and BxPC-3 revealed mutations in genes frequently altered in pancreatic cancer. Exceptionally high expression of cancer stem cell markers and a high clonogenic potential in vitro and in vivo was observed. All of these attributes make this cell line an extremely valuable model to study the biology of and pharmaceutical effects on pancreatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- Alleles
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Genomic Instability
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/metabolism
- Male
- Mesothelin
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- Polyploidy
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fredebohm
- Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Young DJ, Edgar CD, Murphy J, Fredebohm J, Poole ES, Tate WP. Bioinformatic, structural, and functional analyses support release factor-like MTRF1 as a protein able to decode nonstandard stop codons beginning with adenine in vertebrate mitochondria. RNA 2010; 16:1146-55. [PMID: 20421313 PMCID: PMC2874167 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1970310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate mitochondria use stop codons UAA and UAG decoded by the release factor (RF) MTRF1L and two reassigned arginine codons, AGA and AGG. A second highly conserved RF-like factor, MTRF1, which evolved from a gene duplication of an ancestral mitochondrial RF1 and not a RF2, is a good candidate for recognizing the nonstandard codons. MTRF1 differs from other RFs by having insertions in the two external loops important for stop codon recognition (tip of helix alpha5 and recognition loop) and by having key substitutions that are involved in stop codon interactions in eubacterial RF/ribosome structures. These changes may allow recognition of the larger purine base in the first position of AGA/G and, uniquely for RFs, only of G at position 2. In contrast, residues that support A and G recognition in the third position in RF1 are conserved as would be required for recognition of AGA and AGG. Since an assay with vertebrate mitochondrial ribosomes has not been established, we modified Escherichia coli RF1 at the helix alpha5 and recognition loop regions to mimic MTRF1. There was loss of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis activity with standard stop codons beginning with U (e.g., UAG), but a gain of activity with codons beginning with A (AAG in particular). A lower level of activity with AGA could be enhanced by solvent modification. These observations imply that MTRF1 has the characteristics to recognize A as the first base of a stop codon as would be required to decode the nonstandard codons AGA and AGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Young
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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20
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Boettcher M, Fredebohm J, Gholami AM, Hachmo Y, Dotan I, Canaani D, Hoheisel JD. Decoding pooled RNAi screens by means of barcode tiling arrays. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:7. [PMID: 20051122 PMCID: PMC2824726 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNAi screens via pooled short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) have recently become a powerful tool for the identification of essential genes in mammalian cells. In the past years, several pooled large-scale shRNA screens have identified a variety of genes involved in cancer cell proliferation. All of those studies employed microarray analysis, utilizing either the shRNA's half hairpin sequence or an additional shRNA-associated 60 nt barcode sequence as a molecular tag. Here we describe a novel method to decode pooled RNAi screens, namely barcode tiling array analysis, and demonstrate how this approach can be used to precisely quantify the abundance of individual shRNAs from a pool. Results We synthesized DNA microarrays with six overlapping 25 nt long tiling probes complementary to each unique 60 nt molecular barcode sequence associated with every shRNA expression construct. By analyzing dilution series of expression constructs we show how our approach allows quantification of shRNA abundance from a pool and how it clearly outperforms the commonly used analysis via the shRNA's half hairpin sequences. We further demonstrate how barcode tiling arrays can be used to predict anti-proliferative effects of individual shRNAs from pooled negative selection screens. Out of a pool of 305 shRNAs, we identified 28 candidate shRNAs to fully or partially impair the viability of the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Individual validation of a subset of eleven shRNA expression constructs with potential inhibitory, as well as non-inhibitory, effects on the cell line proliferation provides further evidence for the accuracy of the barcode tiling approach. Conclusions In summary, we present an improved method for the rapid, quantitative and statistically robust analysis of pooled RNAi screens. Our experimental approach, coupled with commercially available lentiviral vector shRNA libraries, has the potential to greatly facilitate the discovery of putative targets for cancer therapy as well as sensitizers of drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boettcher
- Department for Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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