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Schaub AC, Vogel M, Lang UE, Kaiser S, Walter M, Herdener M, Wrege J, Kirschner M, Schmidt A. Transdiagnostic brain correlates of self-reported trait impulsivity: A dimensional structure-symptom investigation. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103423. [PMID: 37137256 PMCID: PMC10176059 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity transcends psychiatric diagnoses and is often related to anhedonia. This ad hoc cross-sectional investigation explored 1) whether self-reported trait impulsivity mapped onto a common structural brain substrate across healthy controls (HCs) and psychiatric patients, and 2) in a more exploratory fashion, whether impulsivity and anhedonia were related to each other and shared overlapping brain correlates. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) datasets from 234 participants including HCs (n = 109) and patients with opioid use disorder (OUD, n = 22), cocaine use disorder (CUD, n = 43), borderline personality disorder (BPD, n = 45) and schizophrenia (SZ, n = 15) were included. Trait impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and anhedonia with a subscore of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). BIS-11 global score data were available for the entire sample, while data on the BIS-11 2nd order factors attentional, motor and non-planning were additionally in hand for a subsample consisting of HCs, OUD and BPD patients (n = 116). Voxel-based morphometry analyses were conducted for identifying dimensional associations between grey matter volume and impulsivity/anhedonia. Partial correlations were further performed to exploratory test the relationships between impulsivity and anhedonia and their corresponding volumetric brain substrates. Volume of the left opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was negatively related to global impulsivity across the entire sample and specifically to motor impulsivity in the subsample of HCs, OUD and BPD patients. Across patients anhedonia expression was negatively correlated with left putamen volume. Although there was no relationship between global impulsivity and anhedonia across all patients, only across OUD and BPD patients anhedonia was positively associated with attentional impulsivity. Finally, also across OUD and BPD patients, motor impulsivity associated left IFG volume was positively linked with anhedonia-associated volume in the left putamen. Our findings suggest a critical role of left IFG volume in self-reported global impulsivity across healthy participants and patients with substance use disorder, BPD and SZ. Preliminary findings in OUD and BPD patients further suggests associations between impulsivity and anhedonia that are related to grey matter reductions in the left IFG and putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Vogel
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wrege
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.
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Schaub AC, Kirschner M, Schweinfurth N, Mählmann L, Kettelhack C, Engeli EE, Doll JPK, Borgwardt S, Lang UE, Kaiser S, Walter M, Herdener M, Wrege J, Schmidt A. Neural mapping of anhedonia across psychiatric diagnoses: A transdiagnostic neuroimaging analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 32:102825. [PMID: 34544030 PMCID: PMC8455863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is present in many different psychiatric disorders. Anhedonia has been associated with abnormal reward-related striatal dopamine functioning. This study tested whether transdiagnostic anhedonia expression mapped onto striatal volume. Our findings suggest volumetric abnormalities in the putamen and cerebellum as a common neural substrate of anhedonia severity that cut across psychiatric entities.
Anhedonia has been associated with abnormal reward-related striatal dopamine functioning in patients with different psychiatric disorders. Here, we tested whether anhedonia expression mapped onto striatal volume across several psychiatric diagnoses. T1-weighted images from 313 participants including 89 healthy controls (HC), 22 patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 45 patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), 49 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 43 patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD) and 15 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) were included. Anhedonia was assessed with subscores of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and/or the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was conducted for identifying dimensional symptom-structure associations using region of interest (ROI, dorsal and ventral striatum) and whole-brain analyses, as well as for group comparisons of striatal volume. ROI analyses revealed significant negative relationships between putamen volume and BDI and SANS anhedonia scores across OUD, MDD, BPD, CUD and SZ patients (n = 175) and MDD, FEP and SZ patients (n = 114), respectively. Whole-brain VBM analyses confirmed these associations and further showed negative relationships between anhedonia severity and volume of the bilateral cerebellum. There were group differences in right accumbens volume, which however were not related to anhedonia expression across the different diagnoses. Our findings indicate volumetric abnormalities in the putamen and cerebellum as a common neural substrate of anhedonia severity that cut across psychiatric entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Schweinfurth
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mählmann
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Kettelhack
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Etna E Engeli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica P K Doll
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wrege
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.
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Busmann M, Meyer AH, Wrege J, Lang UE, Gaab J, Walter M, Euler S. Vulnerable narcissism as beneficial factor for the therapeutic alliance in borderline personality disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1222-1229. [PMID: 33619789 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that narcissism and borderline personality disorder are associated with each other. This naturalistic study investigated the predictive value of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism on the development of the therapeutic alliance in short-term psychodynamic treatment across 12 weeks. The sample consisted of 99 patients with borderline personality disorder. Narcissism was assessed with the Pathological Narcissism Inventory at treatment onset. The therapeutic alliance was rated with the Scale to Assess Therapeutic Relationships by both patient and therapist at four time points during treatment. Results showed a significant predictive value of vulnerable narcissism on the therapeutic alliance, revealing a more beneficial progression for patients with higher vulnerable narcissism. Grandiose narcissism had no predictive value on the therapeutic alliance. The study strengthens the clinical utility of the concept of vulnerable narcissism towards the evaluation of treatment processes in borderline personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Busmann
- Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Centre of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wrege
- Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Centre of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Centre of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaab
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Centre of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Euler
- Department of Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Busmann M, Wrege J, Meyer AH, Ritzler F, Schmidlin M, Lang UE, Gaab J, Walter M, Euler S. Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (DSM-5) Predicts Dropout in Inpatient Psychotherapy for Patients With Personality Disorder. Front Psychol 2019; 10:952. [PMID: 31114528 PMCID: PMC6502965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Criterion A serves as the fundamental diagnostic criterion of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5. Consisting of a self- and an interpersonal dimension, it defines the construct of personality functioning as a general and dimensional factor of personality disorders. This study aimed to explore criterion A along with well-established treatment dropout predictors, e.g., sociodemographic factors, personality disorder diagnosis, symptom severity, and the therapeutic alliance. Methods The sample consisted of 132 patients diagnosed with personality disorder in a psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment. Cox proportional hazard regression models and a lasso model were applied. Results 28% of the sample prematurely discontinued treatment. The risk for dropout was 2.3 times higher for patients with high impairments in self-functioning as assessed with criterion A. Moreover, a positive therapist-rated therapeutic alliance was associated with a lower dropout risk. Conclusion The study suggests criterion A is a useful clinical indicator by identifying patients with personality disorder with a higher risk for dropout. An individualized therapeutic approach for such patients might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Busmann
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wrege
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Ritzler
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moira Schmidlin
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaab
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Euler
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Euler S, Wrege J, Busmann M, Lindenmeyer HJ, Sollberger D, Lang UE, Gaab J, Walter M. Exclusion-Proneness in Borderline Personality Disorder Inpatients Impairs Alliance in Mentalization-Based Group Therapy. Front Psychol 2018; 9:824. [PMID: 29910754 PMCID: PMC5992402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal sensitivity, particularly threat of potential exclusion, is a critical condition in borderline personality disorder (BPD) which impairs patients’ social adjustment. Current evidence-based treatments include group components, such as mentalization-based group therapy (MBT-G), in order to improve interpersonal functioning. These treatments additionally focus on the therapeutic alliance since it was discovered to be a robust predictor of treatment outcome. However, alliance is a multidimensional factor of group therapy, which includes the fellow patients, and may thus be negatively affected by the exclusion-proneness of BPD patients. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the predictive value of threat of social exclusion for the therapeutic alliance in MBT-G. In the first part of the study, social exclusion was experimentally induced in 23 BPD inpatients and 28 healthy subjects using the Cyberball paradigm, a virtual ball tossing game. The evoked level of threat was measured with the Need-Threat Scale (NTS) which captures four dimensions of fundamental human needs, i.e., the need for belongingness, for self-esteem, for control, and for a meaningful existence. In the second part of the study, therapeutic alliance was measured on three dimensions, the therapists, the fellow patients and the group as a whole, using the Group-Questionnaire (GQ-D). BPD patients scored higher in their level of threat according to the NTS in both, the inclusion and the exclusion condition. The level of threat after exclusion predicted impairments of the therapeutic alliance in MBT-G. It was associated with more negative relationships, lower positive bonding and a lower positive working alliance with the fellow patients and lower positive bonding to the group as a whole whilst no negative prediction of the alliance to the therapists was found. Consequently, our translational study design has shown that Cyberball is an appropriate tool to use as an approach for clinical questions. We further conclude that exclusion-proneness in BPD is a critical feature with respect to alliance in group treatments. In order to neutralize BPD patients’ exclusion bias, therapists may be advised to provide an “inclusive stance,” especially in initial sessions. It is also recommendable to strengthen patient to patient relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Euler
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Wrege
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah J Lindenmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaab
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Euler S, Stöbi D, Sowislo J, Ritzler F, Huber CG, Lang UE, Wrege J, Walter M. Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychopathology 2018; 51:110-121. [PMID: 29466803 DOI: 10.1159/000486601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about narcissistic traits in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This exploratory study aimed to illustrate the associations between total, grandiose, and vulnerable narcissism and gender, diagnostic features of BPD and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), and psychopathology in BPD patients. SAMPLING AND METHODS The Pathological Narcissism Inventory and psychometric measures for impulsivity, anger, borderline symptom severity, personality organization, depression, and rejection sensitivity were completed by 65 BPD patients. Statistical analyses were conducted using the t test, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS Male BPD patients displayed higher narcissistic scores than females (p < 0.01). Grandiose narcissism showed a stronger association with NPD than with BPD (p < 0.01) while vulnerable narcissism was only associated with BPD (p < 0.01). Rejection sensitivity (p < 0.01) and depression (p < 0.001) predicted vulnerable narcissism. CONCLUSION Vulnerable narcissism is closely associated with BPD and appears to be more dysfunctional than grandiose narcissism. A comprehensive consideration of both traits is recommended. Our results might help to generate hypotheses for further research on pathological narcissism in the spectrum of personality disorders. Future studies are advised to apply complementary measures and take new diagnostic approaches of DSM-5 and ICD-11 into account.
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Bendfeldt K, Smieskova R, Koutsouleris N, Klöppel S, Schmidt A, Walter A, Harrisberger F, Wrege J, Simon A, Taschler B, Nichols T, Riecher-Rössler A, Lang UE, Radue EW, Borgwardt S. Classifying individuals at high-risk for psychosis based on functional brain activity during working memory processing. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 9:555-63. [PMID: 26640767 PMCID: PMC4625212 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The psychosis high-risk state is accompanied by alterations in functional brain activity during working memory processing. We used binary automatic pattern-classification to discriminate between the at-risk mental state (ARMS), first episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy controls (HCs) based on n-back WM-induced brain activity. Linear support vector machines and leave-one-out-cross-validation were applied to fMRI data of matched ARMS, FEP and HC (19 subjects/group). The HC and ARMS were correctly classified, with an accuracy of 76.2% (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 63.2%, p = 0.01) using a verbal working memory network mask. Only 50% and 47.4% of individuals were classified correctly for HC vs. FEP (p = 0.46) or ARMS vs. FEP (p = 0.62), respectively. Without mask, accuracy was 65.8% for HC vs. ARMS (p = 0.03) and 65.8% for HC vs. FEP (p = 0.0047), and 57.9% for ARMS vs. FEP (p = 0.18). Regions in the medial frontal, paracingulate, cingulate, inferior frontal and superior frontal gyri, inferior and superior parietal lobules, and precuneus were particularly important for group separation. These results suggest that FEP and HC or FEP and ARMS cannot be accurately separated in small samples under these conditions. However, ARMS can be identified with very high sensitivity in comparison to HC. This might aid classification and help to predict transition in the ARMS. The ARMS was accurately identified based on an individual patient's response within a WM network. Regional cortical activations were particularly important for group separation. Based on WM alterations, FEP and HC or FEP and ARMS could not be accurately separated in small samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Bendfeldt
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 83, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Renata Smieskova
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 83, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr. 7, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Schmidt
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 83, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Harrisberger
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 83, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wrege
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Andor Simon
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Taschler
- Dept. of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas Nichols
- Dept. of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ernst-Wilhelm Radue
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 83, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 83, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse, 27, Basel 4056, Switzerland ; Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park 16, London SE58AF, UK
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Wrege J, Schmidt A, Walter A, Smieskova R, Bendfeldt K, Radue EW, Lang UE, Borgwardt S. Effects of cannabis on impulsivity: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:2126-37. [PMID: 23829358 PMCID: PMC4052819 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for specific effects of cannabis on impulsivity, disinhibition and motor
control. The review had a specific focus on neuroimaging findings associated with acute and chronic use of the drug and covers literature
published up until May 2012. Seventeen studies were identified, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria; three studies investigated
acute effects of cannabis (1 fMRI, 2 PET), while six studies investigated non-acute functional effects (4 fMRI, 2 PET), and four studies
investigated structural alterations. Functional imaging studies of impulsivity studies suggest that prefrontal blood flow is lower in chronic
cannabis users than in controls. Studies of acute administration of THC or marijuana report increased brain metabolism in several brain
regions during impulsivity tasks. Structural imaging studies of cannabis users found differences in reduced prefrontal volumes and white
matter integrity that might mediate the abnormal impulsivity and mood observed in marijuana users. To address the question whether impulsivity
as a trait precedes cannabis consumption or whether cannabis aggravates impulsivity and discontinuation of usage more longitudinal
study designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry UPK, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Hoxhold B, Wrege J, Bütefisch S, Burisch A, Raatz A, Hesselbach J, Büttgenbach S. Tools for Handling and Assembling of Microparts. Design and Manufacturing of Active Microsystems 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12903-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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