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Dernell C, Astle J, Bogachkov A, Reimer S, Wadhwa A, Majidi SS, Canales B, Jorns JM. Improving resource utilization: Axillary lymph node core biopsy triaging for lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2024:aqae032. [PMID: 38591770 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the utilization of hematopathology resources within our enterprise on axillary lymph node core biopsy (AxLNCB) specimens, particularly those obtained in the context of breast cancer screening. METHODS The utilization of hematopathology resources was determined for all AxLNCB specimens over a 30-month period from across our enterprise, and chart review was performed for select patient demographics and radiographic features. The AxLNCB cases with benign histology were reviewed for subtyping of histologic patterns. RESULTS Of the total 594 AxLNCB specimens, 61.6% were benign and 38.6% malignant. Of malignant cases, only 9.3% contained any hematologic malignancy, yet 94% of all cases received tissue triage for lymphoma, and 81% were reviewed at least in part by a hematopathologist. Six clinical parameters were found to independently predict risk of hematologic malignancy: male sex (P = .041), bilateral lymphadenopathy (P = .004), diffuse cortical thickening (P = .005), lack of breast cancer (P = .001), older age (P < .001), and history of hematologic malignancy (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our enterprise overused hematopathology resources in the evaluation of AxLNCB performed in the study period. Our process could improve from the application of a simple tool generated from this cohort to predict percent risk of the specimen containing hematologic malignancy using patient characteristics easily found via routine chart review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Dernell
- Departments of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - John Astle
- Departments of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Abraham Bogachkov
- Departments of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Shelly Reimer
- Departments of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Anubha Wadhwa
- Departments of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Shadie S Majidi
- Departments of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Bethany Canales
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Julie M Jorns
- Departments of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
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2
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Cardwell M, Lu MS, Melamed J, Astle J, Gasparri M, Johnstone DW. A Case of Unicentric Castleman Disease with Concomitant Myasthenia Gravis and Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e938305. [PMID: 36726305 PMCID: PMC9901491 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.938305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castleman disease was first described in 1956 as mediastinal masses composed of benign lymphoid hyperplasia with germinal center formation and capillary proliferation closely resembling thymomas. It has been linked with many multi-system disorders, including myasthenia gravis. Cases of Castleman disease with corresponding myasthenia gravis have higher rates of postoperative myasthenic crisis, which are reported as high as 37.5%. We encountered a case of Castleman disease with myasthenia gravis that was discovered early and managed successfully with complete surgical resection and no postoperative myasthenic crisis. CASE REPORT A 25-year-old woman with an uncomplicated history presented with shortness of breath, numbness in hands, tiring with chewing, and fatigue. Myasthenia gravis was diagnosed with serology test results, and a 7.5×7.0-cm mediastinal mass was discovered in addition to the incidental finding of a persistent left superior vena cava, closely abutting the mass. Biopsy showed lymphoid proliferation, regressed germinal centers surrounded by small lymphocytes, and vascular proliferation, consistent with unicentric Castleman disease, hyaline-vascular type. The patient was successfully treated for Castleman disease with myasthenia gravis, and no postoperative myasthenic crisis occurred. CONCLUSIONS Castleman disease associated with myasthenia gravis can dramatically increase the risk of postoperative myasthenic crisis. Our literature review of all 16 cases of Castleman disease with myasthenia gravis since 1973 revealed that 18.75% of cases were associated with a postoperative myasthenic crisis. This association elicits the importance of prompt diagnosis of myasthenia gravis when evaluating mediastinal masses and the value of having neurology and anesthesiology staff aware of the increased risk of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Cardwell
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Corresponding Author: Maxwell Cardwell, e-mail:
| | - Marvin S. Lu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joshua Melamed
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John Astle
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mario Gasparri
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David W. Johnstone
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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3
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Moore SM, Astle J, Shay SG. Cervical Lymphadenopathy and Airway Masses in a Child. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 149:2798549. [PMID: 36355353 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A previously healthy 12-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of nasal obstruction, progressive dysphonia, recurrent deep neck abscesses, and tender, bulky cervical lymphadenopathy. What is your diagnosis?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Astle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Sophie G Shay
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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4
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Zheng Y, Sefik E, Astle J, Karatepe K, Öz HH, Solis AG, Jackson R, Luo HR, Bruscia EM, Halene S, Shan L, Flavell RA. Human neutrophil development and functionality are enabled in a humanized mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121077119. [PMID: 36269862 PMCID: PMC9618085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121077119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice with a functional human immune system serve as an invaluable tool to study the development and function of the human immune system in vivo. A major technological limitation of all current humanized mouse models is the lack of mature and functional human neutrophils in circulation and tissues. To overcome this, we generated a humanized mouse model named MISTRGGR, in which the mouse granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was replaced with human G-CSF and the mouse G-CSF receptor gene was deleted in existing MISTRG mice. By targeting the G-CSF cytokine-receptor axis, we dramatically improved the reconstitution of mature circulating and tissue-infiltrating human neutrophils in MISTRGGR mice. Moreover, these functional human neutrophils in MISTRGGR are recruited upon inflammatory and infectious challenges and help reduce bacterial burden. MISTRGGR mice represent a unique mouse model that finally permits the study of human neutrophils in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Zheng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - John Astle
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Kutay Karatepe
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Hasan H. Öz
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology & Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Angel G. Solis
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ruaidhrí Jackson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hongbo R. Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology & Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Liang Shan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), New Haven, CT 06520
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5
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Badar T, Astle J, Kakar IK, Zellner K, Hari PN, Hamadani M. Clinical activity of ibrutinib in classical Hodgkin lymphoma relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is independent of tumor BTK expression. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:e98-e101. [PMID: 32415780 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Talha Badar
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John Astle
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Katie Zellner
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Parameswaran N Hari
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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6
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Abbott D, Kroft S, Hintzke M, Carrillo-Polanco L, Cunningham A, Astle J, Leventaki V, Harrington A. Immunophenotypic Analysis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: A Single-Center Retrospective Review of Flow Cytometric Analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz121.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are heterogenous, mature T-cell neoplasms that are a diagnostic challenge, requiring a combination of morphologic assessment and ancillary studies. Flow cytometry (FC) is a tool used routinely in lymphoma diagnosis; however, most analyses are limited to B-cell evaluation and pathologists generally lack experience evaluating for PTCL. We aimed to describe the immunophenotypic aberrancies observed by FC in PTCL.
Design
PTCLs with FC were collected, excluding primary leukemic processes. Four- and eight-color FC data were reanalyzed with the following antigens (when available): CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD30, CD45, CD45RO, CD56, and CD57. Lymphoma cells were compared to normal T cells and an isotype control. Antigen expression was defined as >20%.
Results
Thirty-eight cases were analyzed (29 males, 9 females, 6-86 years, median 62 years), including 29 PTCLs NOS, 4 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs), 3 anaplastic large cell lymphomas, 1 δγ-TCL, and 1 hepatosplenic TCL from 15 bone marrows, 14 lymph nodes, 6 bloods, 2 fluids, and 1 skin. Twenty cases were CD4+, 4 were CD8+, 3 were dual +, and 10 were dual –. Thirty-seven cases (97%) showed global aberrant antigen patterns, median 4 aberrancies/case (1-8). Lymphoma cells accounted for 0.07% to 68% (median 2.6%) of total events. Aberrant CD7 expression was present in 34 of 38 (89%) and was underexpressed in 22 of 34 (65%). CD3 and CD5 were aberrant in 79% of cases each, with two-thirds showing underexpression. CD2 and CD45RO were aberrant in two-thirds of PTCLs, with overexpression in 61% and 92% of those cases, respectively. One AITL showed no aberrancies.
Conclusions
Nearly all PTCLs show immunophenotypic aberrancy compared to normal T cells. Most commonly, PTCL showed aberrant underexpression of CD7, CD3, and CD5 and overexpression of CD2 and CD45RO. Our data support FC panels with CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, and CD45RO to optimize recovery of aberrant T cells.
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7
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Angulo KA, Gannon V, Albright T, Kroft S, Cunningham A, Astle J, Harrington A. Analysis of Physician-Requested Manual Differentials in Peripheral Blood Samples: An Institutional Study for Quality Improvement. Am J Clin Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy100.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Case A, Desmond A, Yi KJ, Chakravarty P, Smallshaw J, Collins A, Dye K, Mapes K, Ruback S, Yang J, Tran H, Connolly M, Zuckermann R, Chirayil S, Luebke K, Astle J, Reddy M, Kodadek T, Vitetta E. A novel platform to generate peptoid-based mimetic vaccines (P4504). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.178.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this research is to generate vaccine candidates for any virus for which a neutralizing monoclonal antibody exists without prior knowledge of the protective epitope. We have developed a platform to generate such vaccine candidates and are working on a device to automate their identification. The platform consists of libraries of B cell epitopes prepared by displaying peptoid sequences on beads, screening with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to select peptoids bound by the antigen binding site of the monoclonal antibody, and retaining the antibody-bound peptoids with protein G dynabeads and a magnet. Peptoids are similar to peptides but with the R group attached to the nitrogen instead of the carbon. They are haptens that can be attached to protein carriers to elicit anti-peptoid antibody responses. We have conducted platform optimization and proof-of-principle testing using FLAG peptide and anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody. We then applied the optimized platform to screen peptoid libraries with monoclonal anti-FLAG and identified two potential mimetics. Mice immunized with the peptoids have made FLAG peptide-reactive antibodies, thereby demonstrating proof of concept. Implementation of this platform with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies we have in hand against HIV, West Nile virus and hepatitis C virus can identify potential mimetic vaccine candidates without prior knowledge of important epitopes, and could represent an entirely new way to generate safe vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Case
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Angela Desmond
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kate Jiyeun Yi
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 2National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Jangjeon Dong, Kumjeong Ku, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joan Smallshaw
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 3Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Angela Collins
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kelly Dye
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kelly Mapes
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Steve Ruback
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Jue Yang
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Helen Tran
- 5The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
- 6Department of Chemistry, Columbia Univ., New York, NY
| | - Michael Connolly
- 5The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ronald Zuckermann
- 5The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sara Chirayil
- 7Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kevin Luebke
- 7Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - John Astle
- 7Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 8Department of Pathology, Yale Sch. of Med., New Haven, CT
| | - M. Reddy
- 7Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 9Opko Health Laboratories, Jupiter, FL
- 10Department of Chemistry, Scripps Res. Inst., Jupiter, FL
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- 7Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 10Department of Chemistry, Scripps Res. Inst., Jupiter, FL
- 11Department of Cancer Biology, Scripps Res. Inst., Jupiter, FL
| | - Ellen Vitetta
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 3Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 12Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
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9
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Desmond A, Case A, Yi K, Smallshaw J, Collins A, Dye K, Mapes K, Saherwala A, Chen J, Tran H, Connolly M, Zuckermann R, Chirayil S, Luebke K, Astle J, Reddy M, Kodadek T, Vitetta E. The development of a novel anti-peptoid antibody for a peptoid-based vaccine platform (P4506). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.178.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Peptoids are synthetic molecules that share structure with peptides, but bear side groups on the backbone nitrogen. They are protease resistant and relatively cheap to synthesize. Since many amines can form peptoid side groups, peptoids are more diverse than peptides and can take on various shapes, making them good B cell epitopes or haptens. We aim to develop peptoid-based vaccines by screening on-bead peptoid libraries we have made with broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against pathogens. Resulting peptoids can be attached to carrier proteins (which provide T cell epitopes) to elicit antibodies that should mimic the screening antibody. To test the immunogenicity of peptoid haptens, we generated the first affinity-purified anti-peptoid antibody by immunizing rabbits with a peptoid linked to a carrier and adsorbed to an adjuvant, alum. Antibodies were produced against the hapten, carrier and linker. After affinity purification, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated a robust, specific response against the peptoid. This vaccine platform will now be applied using broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against West Nile and hepatitis C viruses, mouse norovirus-1 and HIV. Candidate peptoids will be tested for the ability to induce neutralizing antibodies against the pathogen. If successful, this platform could be applied to any pathogen for which a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody is available, without structural knowledge of the native epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Desmond
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Allison Case
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kate Yi
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 2College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joan Smallshaw
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 3Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Angela Collins
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kelly Dye
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kelly Mapes
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Ali Saherwala
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 5Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Sch., Dallas, TX
| | - John Chen
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 6Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, MA
| | - Helen Tran
- 7The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
- 8Department of Chemistry, Columbia Univ., New York, NY
| | - Michael Connolly
- 7The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ronald Zuckermann
- 7The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sara Chirayil
- 9Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - Kevin Luebke
- 9Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
| | - John Astle
- 9Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 10Department of Pathology, Yale Sch. of Med., New Haven, CT
| | - M. Reddy
- 9Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 11Opko Health Laboratories, Jupiter, FL
- 12Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Scripps Res. Inst., Jupiter, FL
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- 9Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 12Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Scripps Res. Inst., Jupiter, FL
- 13Department of Cancer Biology, Scripps Florida, Scripps Res. Inst., Jupiter, FL
| | - Ellen Vitetta
- 1Cancer Immunobiology Center, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 3Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
- 14Department of Immunology, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas, TX
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10
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Hughes JW, Guess MK, Hittelman A, Yip S, Astle J, Pal L, Inzucchi SE, Dulay AT. Clitoral epidermoid cyst presenting as pseudoclitoromegaly of pregnancy. AJP Rep 2013; 3:57-62. [PMID: 23943712 PMCID: PMC3699154 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acquired clitoromegaly is rare and may result from hormonal and nonhormonal causes, and evaluation of the pregnant patient with clitoromegaly invokes a specific set of differential diagnoses. Methods Case report. Results We describe the case of a young woman with pregnancy-associated clitoral enlargement whose hormonal evaluation proved negative. Further investigation concluded that an epidermoid cyst was the culprit of her pseudoclitoromegaly. The patient underwent successful surgical resection and has had no recurrence at her subsequent pregnancy. Conclusion We review the differential diagnosis of clitoromegaly, including hormonal and nonhormonal causes, with focus on the evaluation of pregnancy-associated clitoromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing W Hughes
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Qi X, Astle J, Kodadek T. Rapid identification of orexin receptor binding ligands using cell-based screening accelerated with magnetic beads. Mol Biosyst 2009; 6:102-7. [PMID: 20024071 DOI: 10.1039/b915611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a simple and rapid method by which to screen one bead one compound libraries for highly specific ligands to cell surface proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors. This protocol, which harvests "hits" in a cell-based binding screen magnetically, eliminates the most tedious aspects of previously published bead screening techniques and allows millions of different compounds to be screened rapidly and cheaply. The method is demonstrated using the orexin receptor 1, which resulted in the isolation of moderate potency antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, #3A2, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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12
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Astle J, Ferguson JT, German JB, Harrigan GG, Kelleher NL, Kodadek T, Parks BA, Roth MJ, Singletary KW, Wenger CD, Mahady GB. Characterization of proteomic and metabolomic responses to dietary factors and supplements. J Nutr 2007; 137:2787-93. [PMID: 18029500 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.12.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a renewed interest in research and development of both dietary and nutritional supplements. Significant advancements have been made in the scientific assessment of the quality, safety, and efficacy of these products because of the strong interest in and financial support of these projects. As research in both fields continues to advance, opportunities to use new and innovative research technologies and methodologies, such as proteomics and metabolomics, are critical for the future progress of the science. The purpose of the symposium was to begin the process of communicating new innovative proteomic and metabolomic methodologies that may be applied by researchers in both the nutrition and the natural product communities. This symposium highlighted 2 proteomic approaches, protein fingerprinting in complex mixtures with peptoid microarrays and top-down mass spectrometry for annotation of gene products. Likewise, an overview of the methodologies used in metabolomic profiling of natural products was presented, and an illustration of an integrated metabolomics approach in nutrition research was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Astle
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Florell SR, Boucher KM, Garibotti G, Astle J, Kerber R, Mineau G, Wiggins C, Noyes RD, Tsodikov A, Cannon-Albright LA, Zone JJ, Samlowski WE, Leachman SA. Population-Based Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Survival in Familial Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:7168-77. [PMID: 16192601 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.11.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Familial melanoma patients are reported to present with thinner melanomas, to be younger at the time of diagnosis, and to have a greater likelihood of developing multiple primary tumors. We sought to determine whether melanomas that occur in a familial setting demonstrate different prognostic and survival statistics relative to sporadic melanoma. Patients and Methods This population-based study used the Utah Cancer Registry and Utah Population Database to objectively evaluate prognostic and survival statistics of the familial melanoma population. From 1973 to 1999, there were 7,785 cases of invasive melanoma identified through the Utah Cancer Registry. These were linked to the Utah Population Database, resulting in 2,659 subjects with family-history information from which a familiality score could be calculated. Cases scored in the top ninth percentile were assigned as high familial risk, and the remaining 91% were considered low familial risk. Results Multivariate logistic-regression analysis found no association between sex, Breslow depth, Clark level, or survival and the familial status. Age at first diagnosis of invasive melanoma was slightly lower in the high-familial-risk group (57 v 60 years; P = .03). High-familial-risk subjects had more melanomas diagnosed at age 30 or younger (12% v 6%; P < .001). A significant difference in the overall number of individuals with two or more primary malignant melanomas was not detected among the groups (P = .2). Conclusion These data suggest that melanomas occurring in the context of an underlying inherited susceptibility do not have a significantly different biologic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Florell
- Department of Dermatology, Melanoma Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Astle J, Kozlova T, Thummel CS. Essential roles for the Dhr78 orphan nuclear receptor during molting of the Drosophila tracheal system. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 33:1201-1209. [PMID: 14599492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila Dhr78 orphan nuclear receptor has been proposed to play a role in molting of the tracheal cuticle and regulate gene expression during the third larval instar, possibly in response to a novel systemic hormonal signal. Here, we show that there are no essential maternal functions for Dhr78 during development, and that mutants missing both maternal and zygotic Dhr78 function die primarily during second and third instar larval development. We show that defects in the tracheal system can be observed as early as the first instar, manifested as regions of fluid in the dorsal tracheal trunks. In addition, Dhr78 mutant tracheae show a highly penetrant defect in gas filling at the first-to-second instar larval molt. Dhr78 expression in only the tracheal system is sufficient to rescue the lethality of Dhr78 mutants, and selective inactivation of Dhr78 function in the tracheae by targeted RNAi is sufficient to result in tracheal defects. Finally, we see no evidence for widespread activation of the Dhr78 ligand binding domain in third instar larvae using the GAL4-LBD system, arguing against a systemic hormone for the receptor at this stage in development. Taken together, our results indicate that Dhr78 exerts its essential functions during molting of the tracheal cuticle in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Astle
- Department of Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North 2030 East, Room 5100, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5331, USA
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