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Manley ME, Hellman O, Shulumba N, May AF, Stonaha PJ, Lynn JW, Garlea VO, Alatas A, Hermann RP, Budai JD, Wang H, Sales BC, Minnich AJ. Intrinsic anharmonic localization in thermoelectric PbSe. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1928. [PMID: 31028271 PMCID: PMC6486597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead chalcogenides have exceptional thermoelectric properties and intriguing anharmonic lattice dynamics underlying their low thermal conductivities. An ideal material for thermoelectric efficiency is the phonon glass-electron crystal, which drives research on strategies to scatter or localize phonons while minimally disrupting electronic-transport. Anharmonicity can potentially do both, even in perfect crystals, and simulations suggest that PbSe is anharmonic enough to support intrinsic localized modes that halt transport. Here, we experimentally observe high-temperature localization in PbSe using neutron scattering but find that localization is not limited to isolated modes - zero group velocity develops for a significant section of the transverse optic phonon on heating above a transition in the anharmonic dynamics. Arrest of the optic phonon propagation coincides with unusual sharpening of the longitudinal acoustic mode due to a loss of phase space for scattering. Our study shows how nonlinear physics beyond conventional anharmonic perturbations can fundamentally alter vibrational transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Manley
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - O Hellman
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - N Shulumba
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - A F May
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - P J Stonaha
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - J W Lynn
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - V O Garlea
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - A Alatas
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 64039, USA
| | - R P Hermann
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - J D Budai
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - H Wang
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - B C Sales
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - A J Minnich
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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2
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Manley ME, Stonaha PJ, Abernathy DL, Chi S, Sahul R, Hermann RP, Budai JD. Supersonic propagation of lattice energy by phasons in fresnoite. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1823. [PMID: 29739934 PMCID: PMC5940883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the thermal energy of lattice vibrations separately from electrons is vital to many applications including electronic devices and thermoelectric energy conversion. To remove heat without shorting electrical connections, heat must be carried in the lattice of electrical insulators. Phonons are limited to the speed of sound, which, compared to the speed of electronic processes, puts a fundamental constraint on thermal management. Here we report a supersonic channel for the propagation of lattice energy in the technologically promising piezoelectric mineral fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) using neutron scattering. Lattice energy propagates 2.8−4.3 times the speed of sound in the form of phasons, which are caused by an incommensurate modulation in the flexible framework structure of fresnoite. The phasons enhance the thermal conductivity by 20% at room temperature and carry lattice-energy signals at speeds beyond the limits of phonons. Fresnoite has an incommensurate structure that can be described as a nonlinear soliton lattice. Manley et al. show that the additional phason degrees of freedom associated with the solitonic structure can travel faster than more conventional phonon excitations, enabling supersonic energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Manley
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - P J Stonaha
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - D L Abernathy
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - S Chi
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - R Sahul
- Meggitt Sensing Systems, Irvine, CA, 92606, USA
| | - R P Hermann
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - J D Budai
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Manley
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Douglas L Abernathy
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - John D Budai
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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4
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Zhang YB, Budai JD, Tischler JZ, Liu W, Xu R, Homer ER, Godfrey A, Juul Jensen D. Boundary migration in a 3D deformed microstructure inside an opaque sample. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4423. [PMID: 28667251 PMCID: PMC5493684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How boundaries surrounding recrystallization grains migrate through the 3D network of dislocation boundaries in deformed crystalline materials is unknown and critical for the resulting recrystallized crystalline materials. Using X-ray Laue diffraction microscopy, we show for the first time the migration pattern of a typical recrystallization boundary through a well-characterized deformation matrix. The data provide a unique possibility to investigate effects of both boundary misorientation and plane normal on the migration, information which cannot be accessed with any other techniques. The results show that neither of these two parameters can explain the observed migration behavior. Instead we suggest that the subdivision of the deformed microstructure ahead of the boundary plays the dominant role. The present experimental observations challenge the assumptions of existing recrystallization theories, and set the stage for determination of mobilities of recrystallization boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Zhang
- Section for Materials Science and Advanced Characterization, Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.
| | - J D Budai
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6064, USA
| | - J Z Tischler
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - W Liu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - R Xu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - E R Homer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, 435 CTB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - A Godfrey
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - D Juul Jensen
- Section for Materials Science and Advanced Characterization, Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
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5
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Manley ME, Abernathy DL, Sahul R, Parshall DE, Lynn JW, Christianson AD, Stonaha PJ, Specht ED, Budai JD. Giant electromechanical coupling of relaxor ferroelectrics controlled by polar nanoregion vibrations. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501814. [PMID: 27652338 PMCID: PMC5026422 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Relaxor-based ferroelectrics are prized for their giant electromechanical coupling and have revolutionized sensor and ultrasound applications. A long-standing challenge for piezoelectric materials has been to understand how these ultrahigh electromechanical responses occur when the polar atomic displacements underlying the response are partially broken into polar nanoregions (PNRs) in relaxor-based ferroelectrics. Given the complex inhomogeneous nanostructure of these materials, it has generally been assumed that this enhanced response must involve complicated interactions. By using neutron scattering measurements of lattice dynamics and local structure, we show that the vibrational modes of the PNRs enable giant coupling by softening the underlying macrodomain polarization rotations in relaxor-based ferroelectric PMN-xPT {(1 - x)[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3] - xPbTiO3} (x = 30%). The mechanism involves the collective motion of the PNRs with transverse acoustic phonons and results in two hybrid modes, one softer and one stiffer than the bare acoustic phonon. The softer mode is the origin of macroscopic shear softening. Furthermore, a PNR mode and a component of the local structure align in an electric field; this further enhances shear softening, revealing a way to tune the ultrahigh piezoelectric response by engineering elastic shear softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Manley
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Douglas L. Abernathy
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Raffi Sahul
- TRS Technologies, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Daniel E. Parshall
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Lynn
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew D. Christianson
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Paul J. Stonaha
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Eliot D. Specht
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - John D. Budai
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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6
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Ice GE, Budai JD. X-ray microscopy: Beyond ensemble averages. Nat Mater 2015; 14:657-658. [PMID: 26099710 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gene E Ice
- Materials Science &Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - John D Budai
- Materials Science &Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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7
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Strelcov E, Tselev A, Ivanov I, Budai JD, Zhang J, Tischler JZ, Kravchenko I, Kalinin SV, Kolmakov A. Doping-based stabilization of the M2 phase in free-standing VO₂ nanostructures at room temperature. Nano Lett 2012; 12:6198-6205. [PMID: 23145774 DOI: 10.1021/nl303065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new high-yield method of doping VO(2) nanostructures with aluminum is proposed, which renders possible stabilization of the monoclinic M2 phase in free-standing nanoplatelets in ambient conditions and opens an opportunity for realization of a purely electronic Mott transition field-effect transistor without an accompanying structural transition. The synthesized free-standing M2-phase nanostructures are shown to have very high crystallinity and an extremely sharp temperature-driven metal-insulator transition. A combination of X-ray microdiffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and four-probe electrical measurements allowed thorough characterization of the doped nanostructures. Light is shed onto some aspects of the nanostructure growth, and the temperature-doping level phase diagram is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgheni Strelcov
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
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8
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Mu R, Chen J, Gu ZY, Ueda A, Tung YS, Henderson DO, White CW, Zhu JG, Budai JD, Zuhr RA. Optical and Structural Characterization of Zinc Implanted Silica Under Various Thermal Treatments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-438-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZinc ion implanted silica with controlled thermal annealing has been investigated. Low temperature optical measurements indicate the presence of Zn clusters in the as-implanted silica. Optical spectra of the annealed sample under a reducing environment suggest Zn cluster and Zn metal colloid formation. The absorption peak at ∼5.3 eV may be due to the surface plasma absorption of Zn metal colloids in silica. The oxidized samples (10 and 6 x 1016 ions/cm2) show an absorption peak at ∼4.3 and ∼4.8 eV, respectively and imply ZnO quantum dot formation. The blueshift in exciton absorption can be attributed to the quantum confinement effects.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene E. Ice
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831–6132, USA
| | - John D. Budai
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831–6132, USA
| | - Judy W. L. Pang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831–6132, USA
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10
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Tselev A, Budai JD, Strelcov E, Tischler JZ, Kolmakov A, Kalinin SV. Electromechanical actuation and current-induced metastable states in suspended single-crystalline VO₂ nanoplatelets. Nano Lett 2011; 11:3065-3073. [PMID: 21714518 DOI: 10.1021/nl200493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Current-induced electromechanical actuation enabled by the metal-insulator transition in VO(2) nanoplatelets is demonstrated. The Joule heating by a sufficient current flowing through suspended nanoplatelets results in formation of heterophase domain patterns and is accompanied by nanoplatelet deformation. The actuation action can be achieved in a wide temperature range below the bulk phase transition temperature (68 °C). The observed current-sustained heterophase domain structures should be interpreted as distinct metastable states in free-standing and end-clamped VO(2) samples. We analyze the main prerequisites for the realization of a current-controlled actuator based on the proposed concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tselev
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
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11
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Lee YE, Norton DP, Budai JD, Rack PD, Peterson J, Potter MD. Epitaxial Oxide Thin-Film Phosphors for Low Voltage FED Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-621-q2.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTEpitaxial ZnGa2O4 and Sr2CeO4 thin-film phosphors were successfully grown on (100) MgO, YSZ, and SrTiO3 single crystal substrates using pulsed laser ablation. Cathodoluminescence efficiency was remarkably enhanced by adding lithium in the ZnGa2O4 and ZnGa2O4:Mn for both blue and green light emitting thin-film phosphors. The highest efficiencies, in this experiment, were 0.35 and 0.29 lm/W at 1kV for as-deposited blue and green zinc gallate phosphor films, respectively. In case of Sr2CeO4 films, the highest luminescence was 0.14 lm/W at 1kV and 0.26 A/m2 for films annealed at 1000°C in air.
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12
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Bokov AA, Rodriguez BJ, Zhao X, Ko JH, Jesse S, Long X, Qu W, Kim TH, Budai JD, Morozovska AN, Kojima S. Compositional disorder, polar nanoregions and dipole dynamics in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-based relaxor ferroelectrics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2011.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Tselev A, Luk'yanchuk IA, Ivanov IN, Budai JD, Tischler JZ, Strelcov E, Kolmakov A, Kalinin SV. Symmetry relationship and strain-induced transitions between insulating M1 and M2 and metallic R phases of vanadium dioxide. Nano Lett 2010; 10:4409-4416. [PMID: 20939599 DOI: 10.1021/nl1020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to synthesize VO2 in the form of single-crystalline nanobeams and nano- and microcrystals uncovered a number of previously unknown aspects of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in this oxide. In particular, several reports demonstrated that the MIT can proceed through competition between two monoclinic (insulating) phases M1 and M2 and the tetragonal (metallic) R phase under influence of strain. The nature of such phase behavior has been not identified. Here we show that the competition between M1 and M2 phases is purely lattice-symmetry-driven. Within the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, both M phases correspond to different directions of the same four-component structural order parameter, and as a consequence, the M2 phase can appear under a small perturbation of the M1 structure such as doping or stress. We analyze the strain-controlled phase diagram of VO2 in the vicinity of the R-M2-M1 triple point using the Ginzburg-Landau formalism and identify and experimentally verify the pathways for strain-control of the transition. These insights open the door toward more systematic approaches to synthesis of VO2 nanostructures in desired phase states and to use of external fields in the control of the VO2 phase states. Additionally, we report observation of the triclinic T phase at the heterophase domain boundaries in strained quasi-two-dimensional VO2 nanoplatelets, and theoretically predict phases that have not been previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tselev
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
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14
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Tselev A, Strelcov E, Luk'yanchuk IA, Budai JD, Tischler JZ, Ivanov IN, Jones K, Proksch R, Kalinin SV, Kolmakov A. Interplay between ferroelastic and metal-insulator phase transitions in strained quasi-two-dimensional VO2 nanoplatelets. Nano Lett 2010; 10:2003-2011. [PMID: 20455527 DOI: 10.1021/nl1008794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Formation of ferroelastic twin domains in vanadium dioxide (VO(2)) nanosystems can strongly affect local strain distributions, and hence couple to the strain-controlled metal-insulator transition. Here we report polarized-light optical and scanning microwave microscopy studies of interrelated ferroelastic and metal-insulator transitions in single-crystalline VO(2) quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) nanoplatelets (NPls). In contrast to quasi-1D single-crystalline nanobeams, the 2D geometric frustration results in emergence of several possible families of ferroelastic domains in NPls, thus allowing systematic studies of strain-controlled transitions in the presence of geometrical frustration. We demonstrate the possibility of controlling the ferroelastic domain population by the strength of the NPl-substrate interaction, mechanical stress, and by the NPl lateral size. Ferroelastic domain species and domain walls are identified based on standard group-theoretical considerations. Using variable temperature microscopy, we imaged the development of domains of metallic and semiconducting phases during the metal-insulator phase transition and nontrivial strain-driven reentrant domain formation. A long-range reconstruction of ferroelastic structures accommodating metal-insulator domain formation has been observed. These studies illustrate that a complete picture of the phase transitions in single-crystalline and disordered VO(2) structures can be drawn only if both ferroelastic and metal-insulator strain effects are taken into consideration and understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tselev
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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15
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Narayan J, Pant P, Wei W, Narayan RJ, Budai JD. Nanostructured GaN nucleation layer for light-emitting diodes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2007; 7:2719-25. [PMID: 17685288 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the formation of nanostructured gallium nitride nucleation (NL) or initial layer (IL), which is necessary to obtain a smooth surface morphology and reduce defects in h-GaN layers for light-emitting diodes and lasers. From detailed X-ray and HR-TEM studies, researchers determined that this layer consists of nanostructured grains with average grain size of 25 nm, which are separated by small-angle grain boundaries (with misorientation approximately 1 degrees), known as subgrain boundaries. Thus NL is considered to be single-crystal layer with mosaicity of about 1 degrees. These nc grains are mostly faulted cubic GaN (c-GaN) and a small fraction of unfaulted c-GaN. This unfaulted Zinc-blende c-GaN, which is considered a nonequilibrium phase, often appears as embedded or occluded within the faulted c-GaN. The NL layer contained in-plane tensile strain, presumably arising from defects due to island coalescence during Volmer-Weber growth. The 10L X-ray scans showed c-GaN fraction to be over 63% and the rest h-GaN. The NL layer grows epitaxially with the (0001) sapphire substrate by domain matching epitaxy, and this epitaxial relationship is remarkably maintained when c-GaN converts into h-GaN during high-temperature growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EB-1, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, USA
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16
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Ice GE, Larson BC, Yang W, Budai JD, Tischler JZ, Pang JWL, Barabash RI, Liu W. Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction studies of mesoscale structure and dynamics. J Synchrotron Radiat 2005; 12:155-162. [PMID: 15728967 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049504026949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction is an emerging tool for studying mesoscale structure and dynamics. Crystalline phase, orientation (texture), elastic and plastic strain can be nondestructively mapped in three dimensions with good spatial and angular resolution. Local crystallographic orientation can be determined to approximately 0.01 degree and elastic strain tensor elements can be measured with a resolution of approximately 10(-4) or better. Complete strain tensor information can be obtained by augmenting polychromatic microdiffraction with a monochromatic measurement of one Laue-reflection energy. With differential-aperture depth profiling, volumes tens to hundreds of micrometers below the surface are accessible so that three-dimensional distributions of crystalline morphology including grain boundaries, triple points, second phases and inclusions can all be mapped. Volume elements below 0.25 microm3 are routinely resolved so that the grain boundary structure of most materials can be characterized. Here the theory, instrumentation and application of polychromatic microdiffraction are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Ice
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6118, USA.
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17
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Yang W, Larson BC, Tischler JZ, Ice GE, Budai JD, Liu W. Differential-aperture X-ray structural microscopy: a submicron-resolution three-dimensional probe of local microstructure and strain. Micron 2004; 35:431-9. [PMID: 15120127 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed differential-aperture X-ray microscopy (DAXM) technique provides local structure and crystallographic orientation with submicron spatial resolution in three-dimensions; it further provides angular precision of approximately 0.01 degrees and local elastic strain with an accuracy of approximately 1.0 x 10(-4) using microbeams from high brilliance third generation synchrotron X-ray sources. DAXM is a powerful tool for inter- and intra-granular studies of lattice distortions and lattice rotations on mesoscopic length scales of tenths of microns to hundreds of microns that are largely above the range of traditional electron microscopy probes. Nondestructive, point-to-point, spatially resolved measurements of local lattice orientations in bulk materials provide direct information on geometrically necessary dislocation density distributions through measurements of the lattice curvature in plastically deformed materials. This paper reviews the DAXM measurement technique and discusses recent demonstrations of DAXM capabilities for measurements of microtexture, local elastic strain, and plastic deformation microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Yang
- Condensed Matter Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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18
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Budai JD, Yang W, Tamura N, Chung JS, Tischler JZ, Larson BC, Ice GE, Park C, Norton DP. X-ray microdiffraction study of growth modes and crystallographic tilts in oxide films on metal substrates. Nat Mater 2003; 2:487-492. [PMID: 12792647 DOI: 10.1038/nmat916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2002] [Accepted: 05/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The crystallographic texture of thin-film coatings plays an essential role in determining such diverse materials properties as wear resistance, recording density in magnetic media and electrical transport in superconductors. Typically, X-ray pole figures provide a macroscopically averaged description of texture, and electron backscattering provides spatially resolved surface measurements. In this study, we have used focused, polychromatic synchrotron X-ray microbeams to penetrate multilayer materials and simultaneously characterize the local structure, orientation and strain tensor of different heteroepitaxial layers with submicrometre resolution. Grain-by-grain microstructural studies of cerium oxide films grown on textured nickel foils reveal two distinct kinetic growth regimes on vicinal surfaces: ledge growth at elevated temperatures and island growth at lower temperatures. In addition, a combinatorial approach reveals that crystallographic tilting associated with these complex interfaces is qualitatively described by a simple geometrical model applicable to brittle films on ductile substrates. The sensitivity of conducting percolation paths to tilt-induced texture improvement is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Budai
- Condensed Matter Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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Abstract
Advanced materials and processing techniques are based largely on the generation and control of non-homogeneous microstructures, such as precipitates and grain boundaries. X-ray tomography can provide three-dimensional density and chemical distributions of such structures with submicrometre resolution; structural methods exist that give submicrometre resolution in two dimensions; and techniques are available for obtaining grain-centroid positions and grain-average strains in three dimensions. But non-destructive point-to-point three-dimensional structural probes have not hitherto been available for investigations at the critical mesoscopic length scales (tenths to hundreds of micrometres). As a result, investigations of three-dimensional mesoscale phenomena--such as grain growth, deformation, crumpling and strain-gradient effects--rely increasingly on computation and modelling without direct experimental input. Here we describe a three-dimensional X-ray microscopy technique that uses polychromatic synchrotron X-ray microbeams to probe local crystal structure, orientation and strain tensors with submicrometre spatial resolution. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with micrometre-resolution three-dimensional measurements of grain orientations and sizes in polycrystalline aluminium, and with micrometre depth-resolved measurements of elastic strain tensors in cylindrically bent silicon. This technique is applicable to single-crystal, polycrystalline, composite and functionally graded materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Larson
- Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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Jellison GE, Withrow SP, McCamy JW, Budai JD, Lubben D, Godbole MJ. Optical functions of ion-implanted, laser-annealed heavily doped silicon. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:14607-14614. [PMID: 9980794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Tischler JZ, Budai JD, Jesson DE, Eres G, Zschack P, Baribeau J, Houghton DC. Ordered structures in SixGe1-x alloy thin films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:10947-10955. [PMID: 9977795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lowndes DH, Christen DK, Klabunde CE, Wang ZL, Kroeger DM, Budai JD, Zhu S, Norton DP. Strong, asymmetric flux pinning by miscut-growth-initiated columnar defects in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x films. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:2355-2358. [PMID: 10057907 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Norton DP, Chakoumakos BC, Budai JD, Lowndes DH, Sales BC, Thompson JR, Christen DK. Superconductivity in SrCuO
2
-BaCuO
2
Superlattices: Formation of Artificially Layered Superconducting Materials. Science 1994; 265:2074-7. [PMID: 17811410 DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5181.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed-laser deposition was used to synthesize artificially layered high-temperature superconductors. Thin-film compounds were formed when the constraint of epitaxy was used to stabilize SrCuO(2)-BaCuO(2) superlattices in the infinite layer structure. Using this approach, two new structural families, Ba(2)Srn-1,Cun+1 O2n+2+delta and Ba(4)Srn-1 Cun+3O2n+6+delta have been synthesized; these families superconduct at temperatures as high as 70 kelvin.
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Kwak BS, Erbil A, Budai JD, Chisholm MF, Boatner LA, Wilkens BJ. Domain formation and strain relaxation in epitaxial ferroelectric heterostructures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:14865-14879. [PMID: 10010588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Norton DP, Lowndes DH, Sales BC, Budai JD, Jones EC, Chakoumakos BC. Transport and structural properties of Pr1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7- delta thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:4182-4188. [PMID: 10011316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jesson DE, Pennycook SJ, Tischler JZ, Budai JD, Baribeau J, Houghton DC. Interplay between evolving surface morphology, atomic-scale growth modes, and ordering during SixGe1-x epitaxy. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 70:2293-2296. [PMID: 10053524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Jones EC, Christen DK, Thompson JR, Feenstra R, Zhu S, Lowndes DH, Phillips JM, Siegal MP, Budai JD. Correlations between the Hall coefficient and the superconducting transport properties of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7- delta epitaxial thin films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:8986-8995. [PMID: 10004947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.8986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kwak BS, Erbil A, Wilkens BJ, Budai JD, Chisholm MF, Boatner LA. Strain relaxation by domain formation in epitaxial ferroelectric thin films. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:3733-3736. [PMID: 10045783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Feenstra R, Christen DK, Klabunde CE, Budai JD. Role of oxygen vacancies in the flux-pinning mechanism, and hole-doping lattice disorder in high-current-density YBa2Cu3O7-x films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:7555-7558. [PMID: 10000557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zheng XY, Lowndes DH, Zhu S, Budai JD, Warmack RJ. Early stages of YBa2Cu3O7- delta epitaxial growth on MgO and SrTiO3. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:7584-7587. [PMID: 10000565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.7584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Norton DP, Lowndes DH, Pennycook SJ, Budai JD. Depression and broadening of the superconducting transition in superlattices based on YBa2Cu3O7- delta : Influence of the barrier layers. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67:1358-1361. [PMID: 10044125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Norton DP, Lowndes DH, Sales BC, Budai JD, Chakoumakos BC, Kerchner HR. Superconductivity and hole doping in Pr0.5Ca0.5Ba2Cu3O7- delta thin films. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:1537-1540. [PMID: 10043234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lowndes DH, Norton DP, Budai JD. Superconductivity in nonsymmetric epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x/PrBa2Cu3O7-x superlattices: The superconducting behavior of Cu-O bilayers. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:1160-1163. [PMID: 10043120 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Budai JD, Feenstra R, Boatner LA. X-ray study of in-plane epitaxy of YBa2Cu3Ox thin films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:12355-12358. [PMID: 9948092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Budai JD, Tischler JZ, Habenschuss A, Ice GE, Elser V. X-ray diffraction study of phason strain field in oriented icosahedral Al-Mn. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 58:2304-2307. [PMID: 10034710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Pitchford T, Huang CC, Budai JD, Davey SC, Pindak R, Goodby JW. Existence and nature of a smectic-A-hexatic-B-smectic-I point. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1986; 34:2422-2426. [PMID: 9897529 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Budai JD, Aziz MJ. Formation of icosahedral Al-Mn by ion implantation into oriented crystalline films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1986; 33:2876-2878. [PMID: 9938645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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