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Miller BL, Ellonen N, Boman JH, Dorn S, Suonpää K, Aaltonen OP, Oksanen A. Examining Sanction Type and Drug Offender Recidivism: A Register-Based Study in Finland. Am J Crim Justice 2022; 47:836-854. [PMID: 36686961 PMCID: PMC9850411 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-020-09592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nordic countries incarcerate offenders at much lower rates in comparison with incarceration rates in the United States, and reincarcerate fewer people per capita. Noncustodial alternatives to sanctions, including fines and community service, are used extensively in Finland to reduce negative effects of institutionalization and subsequent disadvantage caused by incarceration. The nature of drug-involved offenders within the Finnish system is reviewed in light of current research about the effectiveness of incarceration and deterrence-based approaches for drug offenders. Employing a 2014 sample from register data (consisting of official government records) of drug offenders in Finland with a 3-year recidivism period, this study utilizes a genetic matching procedure to compare offenders who received fines, conditional sentences (probation), or incarceration. While recognizing that numerous confounding variables affect incarceration, we compare a matched sample of drug offenders and the sanctions they have received from the Finland judicial system to determine whether offenders who initially receive a fine or a conditional sentence reenter the correctional system at different rates than those who are incarcerated. After matching, results found no significant differences between offenders receiving incarceration sentences or those who received noncustodial sentences (fine, or conditional sentence) for general and drug-related recidivism. These results are presented within the context of the Finnish corrections system in order to inform the criminal justice community about culture, incarceration, and process differences that could positively affect working with drug offenders in other localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Lee Miller
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Noora Ellonen
- Faculty of Social Science, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - John H. Boman
- Departmentof Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Shelagh Dorn
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Karoliina Suonpää
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Aaltonen
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Science, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH, Kopf S, Booth MZ. Self-Perceptions of Attractiveness and Offending During Adolescence. Crime Delinq 2022; 68:1847-1875. [PMID: 36172595 PMCID: PMC9512261 DOI: 10.1177/0011128720987196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite a well-established body of research demonstrating that others' evaluations of a person's physical attractiveness carry significant meaning, researchers have largely ignored how self-perceptions of physical attractiveness relate to offending behaviors. Applying general strain theory and using eight waves of panel data from the Adolescent Academic Context Study, we explore how self-perceptions of attractiveness relate to offending as youth progress through school. Results demonstrate that youth who perceive themselves as more attractive engage in more-not less-offending. Depression, which is treated as a form of negative affect, does not appear to mediate this relationship. We conclude by raising attention to the possibility that being "good-looking" may actually be a key risk factor for crime.
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a natural experiment capable of answering a vital question: have stay-at-home orders impacted global crime trends? A new study by Nivette and colleagues demonstrates that crime largely decreased around the globe during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders—a finding which likely carries international implications for crime policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
- Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
- Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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4
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Confer LM, Boman JH, Pryor C, Mowen TJ, Hemez P. Theft, Opioid Pills, Unemployment, and Insurance: A Longitudinal Analysis of American Counties in the Wake of the Opioids Crisis. Journal of Drug Issues 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042621998690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the relationships between prescription opioid pills, unemployment, health insurance, and theft. Covering the years 2006–2012, our data are an aggregate of information from the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the American Community Survey (ACS). The unit of analysis is time nested within counties. Preliminary results demonstrate that there were approximately 46 prescription opioid pills distributed per person annually in the United States between 2006 and 2012. Multivariate results reveal that counties with higher numbers of prescription opioid pills tend to experience significantly higher patterns of theft. Interestingly, health insurance is positively associated with theft while unemployment appears to protect against theft. The relationship between pills and theft is also conditioned by both unemployment and health insurance. Future research should explore these relationships to better inform efforts at making responsible social policy in the midst of the opioids crisis.
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Pryor C, Boman JH, Hemez P. Using arrest and prescription data to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence and opioid prescriptions in the United States, 2006-2012. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108389. [PMID: 33139153 PMCID: PMC8565251 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has established a strong and positive correlation between substance use and intimate partner violence due to a complex interplay of individual, situational, and contextual factors. This study seeks to further explore this relationship in the context of the recent opioid crisis in which millions of Americans have been diagnosed with an opioid use disorder. Specifically, we analyze how opioid prescriptions relate to intimate partner violence within and between counties over time throughout the rise of the opioid crisis. METHODS This study employs an integrated dataset that merges crime data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, demographic data from the American Community Survey, and prescription opioid pill counts from the Drug Enforcement Administration to study the relationship between opioid pills prescribed per person and levels of intimate partner violence arrests from 2006-2012. Fixed-effects and mixed-effects techniques are both used. RESULTS Increases in opioid pill distribution volume within-counties over time are related to increases in intimate partner violence arrest volume (p ≤ .001). Additionally, counties which have higher amounts of opioid pills in circulation tend to experience higher levels of arrests for intimate partner violence than counties with fewer pills (p ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Policymakers who are dealing with the effects of the opioid crisis should consider the relationship between opioids and intimate partner violence when attempting to address either of these issues. Based on the results of this study, addressing opioid dependence and mitigating the extent of the crisis may also reduce intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori Pryor
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States.
| | - John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States,Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Paul Hemez
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
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Fisher BW, Mowen TJ, Boman JH. Correction to: School Security Measures and Longitudinal Trends in Adolescents' Experiences of Victimization. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1940-1941. [PMID: 32661844 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Fisher
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Louisville, 2301 South Third Street, Louisville, KY, 40205, USA.
| | - Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
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Boman JH, Smith AJ, Saxe J, Righetti T, Rony A, Fan M, Mowen TJ. Carbon Capture, Employment, and Coming Home from Prison. Deviant Behav 2020; 43:79-90. [PMID: 37235102 PMCID: PMC10211483 DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2020.1783160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Finding and securing employment is a huge challenge for those who have been released from prison. In this paper, we argue that carbon capture technology carries the unique potential to positively impact employment opportunities for those who are undergoing the reentry process. Notably, these careers exist nearly entirely in industries which already employ ex-felons. If carbon capture technology were implemented throughout the United States, our estimates suggest that ex-felons would be eligible for nearly 3.6 million careers. Many of these jobs would be created in industries which directly or indirectly support natural resource extraction, ethanol production, electricity generation, and iron, steel, and cement production. In addition to benefiting the economy, these careers would provide returning individuals with financial security and supportive, prosocial peer relationships. Accordingly, carbon capture carries the unique ability to promote environmental justice while simultaneously providing relief to a tremendously overburdened criminal justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Boman
- Corresponding author. Address correspondence to John Boman, Department of Sociology, 229 Williams Hall, BGSU, Bowling Green, OH 43403. . 419-372-3874 (office)
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. (Re)Recognizing the multidimensional roles of family and peers on crime. Sociol Compass 2020; 14:e12762. [PMID: 34262608 PMCID: PMC8277156 DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social scientists have long recognized the salience of family and peers in understanding the etiology of crime and delinquency. Although criminologists universally acknowledge that family and peers can each exert prosocial and antisocial influences on offending behaviors, this area of study has gradually divided into a "good" and "bad" dichotomy. Specifically, family tends to be viewed and measured as a key factor that protects against offending. In stark contrast, peers tend to be viewed and measured as key correlates toward offending. In the following discussion, we explore the historical roots of this tendency through examining how key theoretical perspectives have shaped this dichotomy and informed current perspectives on the link between family, peers, and crime. We then highlight how some studies have stepped outside of this dichotomy to consider the independent and interdependent roles of family and peers as both positive and negative influences on offending behaviors. Overall, there is nothing new about understanding peers and family as both prosocial and criminogenic in their influences; rather, there is a greater need to (re)recognize these multifaceted roles in modern criminological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University
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9
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Boman JH, Gallupe O. Has COVID-19 Changed Crime? Crime Rates in the United States during the Pandemic. Am J Crim Justice 2020; 45:537-545. [PMID: 32837168 PMCID: PMC7340780 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-020-09551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, state-level governments across the United States issued mandatory stay-at-home orders around the end of March 2020. Though intended to stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus, the lockdowns have had sweeping impacts on life in ways which were not originally planned. This study's purpose is to investigate the extent to which governmental responses to COVID-19 have impacted crime rates in the U.S. Compared to the pre-pandemic year of 2019, crime - as measured by calls for service to law enforcement - has decreased markedly. However, there are multiple indications that the crime drop is being driven by decreases in minor offenses which are typically committed in peer groups. At the same time, serious crimes which are generally not committed with co-offenders (namely homicide and intimate partner violence) have either remained constant or increased. As such, the crime drop appears to be hiding a very disturbing trend where homicides remain unchanged and intimate partner batteries are increasing. Since many offenders would presumably be committing less serious crimes in a non-pandemic world, we raise attention to the possibility that mandatory lockdown orders may have taken minor offenders and placed them into situations where there is rampant opportunity for intimate partner violence, serious batteries, and homicides. While crime in the U.S. appears to be down overall, this good news should not blind us to a troubling co-occurring reality - a reality that paints a dim picture of unintended consequences to public health and criminal justice finances as a result of COVID-19 lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Boman
- John Boman, 229 Williams Hall, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH, Bares KJ. Is substance abuse treatment actually 'treating'? The effectiveness of pre- and post-release substance abuse programming within the reentry process. Crim Justice Stud (Abingdon) 2019; 32:371-385. [PMID: 32382251 PMCID: PMC7205194 DOI: 10.1080/1478601x.2019.1664507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The process of reintegrating back into society can be a difficult time for formerly incarcerated individuals in desisting from substance use. Although prior work has shown that experiences like securing employment or abstaining from criminal peers can help individuals desist from substance use, one aspect about which criminologists know considerably less concerns the role of substance abuse treatment programming during reentry. Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative data, we explore the role of substance treatment programming on substance use through multiple avenues. Namely, we investigate the impact of substance abuse treatment during prison, during reentry, and over time. Results of longitudinal models demonstrate that individuals who participated in pre-release substance abuse treatment programming report significantly lower levels of substance use than those who did not participate in pre-release substance programming. Yet, we find that individuals who participated in substance treatment programming post-release reported significantly higher levels of substance use than those who did not participate in post-release programming. Finally, we find no evidence that substance use treatment programming relates to decreases in substance use across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Kyle J Bares
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ, Wodahl EJ, Miller BL, Miller JM. Responding to substance-use-related probation and parole violations: are enhanced treatment sanctions preferable to jail sanctions? Crim Justice Stud (Abingdon) 2019; 32:356-370. [PMID: 34017218 PMCID: PMC8133702 DOI: 10.1080/1478601x.2019.1664506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increase in correctional treatment programming options coupled with prison population reduction legislation has driven a widespread transfer of supervision from prisons to community corrections. As a result, medium-to-high risk offenders with substance use needs are increasingly managed through community-based supervision programs such as intensive supervision probation (ISP). ISP programs frequently rely on different types of graduated sanctions to encourage program completion. To further develop research on how graduated sanctions should be applied in response to substance-use-related violations, this study examines whether enhanced treatment sanctions (a rehabilitative approach) and jail sanctions (a punitive approach) may differentially impact successful ISP completion. Using a sample of persons who committed a substance use violation while on ISP, results from multilevel models demonstrate that enhanced treatment sanctions are significantly associated with increased odds of successful ISP completion. On the other hand, jail is not significant, and enhanced treatment and jail do not interact to influence ISP program success. Due to the deleterious nature of the jail environment, findings call into question the utility of jail sanctions on ISP outcomes. Overall, enhanced treatment may be a preferable means through which to sanction probationers and parolees who commit substance-use-related violations while under community supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J. Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Eric J. Wodahl
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Bryan Lee Miller
- Sociology, Anthropology & Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - J. Mitchell Miller
- Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ, Castro ED. The Relationship Between Self-Control and Friendship Conflict: An analysis of Friendship Pairs. Crime Delinq 2019; 65:1402-1421. [PMID: 34012170 PMCID: PMC8130600 DOI: 10.1177/0011128718765391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime is one of the most empirically tested theories of deviance, the theory offers hypotheses that range far beyond how self-control should affect behavior. This study is broadly focused on how self-control operates between friends by considering how the general theory's main construct relates to friendship conflict. Using a large dyadic dataset, three-level hybrid item-response models regress the actor's proclivity to experience conflict with the friend onto measures of the actor's self-control, the friend's self-control, and an interaction between the self-control estimates. Results demonstrate that the actor's and the friend's self-control both significantly relate to friendship conflict, as the theory would expect. However, the actor's and friend's levels of self-control do not interact.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This article examines how community and departmental characteristics relate to the number of sustained use of force complaints in a law enforcement agency. METHODS Using national-level data from Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics 2007, Uniform Crime Reports 2007, American Community Survey 2009 and bivariate and multivariate techniques, we investigate whether sustained uses of force vary across 1) community and regional characteristics in the U.S. and across departmental 2) policies, 3) training tendencies, and 4) hiring practices. RESULTS Controlling for region, crime rate, and area median income, results demonstrate that sustained complaints increase when departments serve large, nonwhite populations. Regarding departmental policies, results are alarming: Departments with independent civilian complaint review boards, agencies which engage in community policing, and departments that implement personality tests when hiring sustain significantly higher numbers of use of force complaints. However, departments that screen for volunteer and community service histories in officer candidates have over one third fewer sustained complaints than departments that do not use this hiring screen. CONCLUSIONS In order to significantly reduce the amount of sustained complaints against a department, results suggest that agencies should assess community service and volunteer histories for potential officer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori Pryor
- Bowling Green State University, United States of America
| | - John H. Boman
- Bowling Green State University, United States of America
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14
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Mowen TJ, Brent JJ, Boman JH. The Effect of School Discipline on Offending across Time. Justice Q 2019; 37:739-760. [PMID: 34262239 PMCID: PMC8277153 DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2019.1625428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite decreases in offending and victimization in schools across the United States, many schools continue to use exclusionary discipline. Although school punishment has been tied to a variety of negative outcomes, the link between suspension and offending remains unclear. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this study examines the extent to which school punishment contributes to within-individual increases in offending across time and/or amplifies offending between-individuals. Results of a series of cross-lagged dynamic fixed-effects panel models reveal that school suspensions contribute to within-individual increases in offending. This relationship remains even when accounting for the effect of baseline levels of offending on future offending. Further, repeated suspensions amplify offending differences between-individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - John J. Brent
- School of Justice Studies, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA
| | - John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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15
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Mowen TJ, Stansfield R, Boman JH. Family Matters: Moving Beyond "If" Family Support Matters to "Why" Family Support Matters during Reentry from Prison. J Res Crime Delinq 2019; 56:483-523. [PMID: 32382195 PMCID: PMC7205225 DOI: 10.1177/0022427818820902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Informed by social control and differential coercion and social support theories, we examine how multiple theoretically and methodologically distinct factors of family support relate to reincarceration, substance use, and criminal offending during prison reentry. METHOD Using four waves of data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we identified three separate factors of family support-interactional (e.g., providing guidance and support), instrumental (e.g., providing housing and transportation), and emotional (e.g., providing love and belongingness). A series of mixed-effects models examined how each form of family support related to reincarceration, substance use, and criminal offending. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that instrumental, but not interactional or emotional, support related to significantly lower odds of reincarceration and lower levels of substance use and criminal offending. Interaction terms revealed that the effect of instrumental family support is almost entirely independent, and not interactive, on each outcome. CONCLUSIONS Family support appears to relate to prosocial reentry outcomes not because of emotional or interactional bonds, but because families provide for the basic needs of returning individuals. Instrumental familial support mechanisms such as providing housing and financial support appear more salient in promoting prosocial reentry outcomes than mechanisms of emotional or interactional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Richard Stansfield
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ. More than Just a Flock? The Independent and Interdependent Nature of Peer Self-Control on Deviance. Deviant Behav 2019; 41:1468-1483. [PMID: 33304023 PMCID: PMC7725206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to test whether a peer's self-control is related to deviance and whether it conditions the extent to which an actor's self-control is related to deviance. To examine these research questions, the study begins by highlighting a series of theoretical inconsistencies in expected direction of peer effects in Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory. Using dyadic data, crime is regressed onto measures of attitudinal and behavioral self-control from the actor and the friend. Regardless of how self-control is measured, findings demonstrate that the peer's self-control relates to deviance. Additionally, peer self-control independently and interdependently relates to deviant involvement. Peer self-control is meaningful for deviance in multiple ways among people in friendships, thereby suggesting that the importance of peer self-control on offending behaviors is greater than just being part of a flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Boman
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
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17
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. Do We Have It All Wrong? The Protective Roles of Peers and Criminogenic Risks From Family During Prison Reentry. Crime Delinq 2019; 65:681-704. [PMID: 32089563 PMCID: PMC7034934 DOI: 10.1177/0011128718800286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Prior work on the process of reentry from prison has highlighted the pivotal role that family and peers play during reintegration. Families are traditionally understood as important protective mechanisms against recidivism whereas peers are typically viewed as primarily criminogenic. Yet, drawing from differential coercion and social support theory, family and peer relationships can both be supportive (and protect against recidivism) and coercive (and contribute to recidivism). Using four waves of data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, results of mixed-effects models demonstrate that family, but not peer, coercion relates to increased odds of reincarceration. Peer, but not family, social support relates to decreased odds of reincarceration. Findings suggest families are primarily criminogenic, whereas peers are protective during reentry.
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Boman JH, Agnich L, Miller BL, Stogner JM, Mowen TJ. The "Other Side of The Fence": A Learning- And Control-Based Investigation Of The Relationship Between Deviance And Friendship Quality. Deviant Behav 2019; 40:1553-1573. [PMID: 31902968 PMCID: PMC6941742 DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2019.1596451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing frameworks of social control and differential association theories, this study addresses the extent to which deviance (a predictor) is related to friendship quality (the outcome). Using dyadic data, results demonstrate that the highest estimates of friendship quality come from actors who have non-deviant friends and who also refrain from theft and violence themselves. Shared deviance within the friendship, referred to as 'homophily,' harms friendship quality, although it does not mediate or moderate the deviance - friendship quality link. Overall, deviance relates to friendship quality in a way that supports a bonding tradition more than a learning tradition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J. Mowen
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
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Meldrum RC, Boman JH, Back S. Low Self-Control, Social Learning, and Texting while Driving. Am J Crim Justice 2019; 44:191-210. [PMID: 31903019 PMCID: PMC6941782 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-018-9448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known implications of texting while driving for reducing driver alertness and increasing traffic accidents, investigating the potential causes of the behavior is something that criminologists have only recently started to investigate. The current study builds on this small body of research by assessing whether low self-control is associated with the frequency of texting while driving and, further, whether this association is moderated by perceptions of the texting habits of other drivers and best friends. Results based on data collected from a sample of 469 young adults indicate that low self-control is positively associated with the frequency of texting while driving. In addition, this association is amplified by an individual's perceptions of the proportion of other drivers who engage in texting while driving, but not by the texting and driving habits of best friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Charles Meldrum
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., PCA-364B, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 240 Williams Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Sinchul Back
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., PCA-257, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. Animal Abuse among High-Risk Youth: A Test of Agnew's Theory. Deviant Behav 2019; 41:765-778. [PMID: 32546877 PMCID: PMC7297146 DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2019.1595373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concern over animal abuse among policy-makers, law enforcement officials, and the general public remains high. Although research has marked animal abuse as an indicator of a variety of deviant outcomes, fewer projects have examined the correlates of cruelty towards animals. In this study, we apply Agnew's theory of animal abuse to explore how a wide-range of characteristics relate to deviance towards animals. In support of Agnew's theory, results reveal that a combination of individual traits and behaviors, socialization experiences, and mechanisms of social control significantly relate to animal abuse. However, measures of strain do not appear to relate to animal abuse, providing only partial support to the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John H Boman
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Gallupe O, Boman JH, Nash R, Castro ED. Deviant Peer Preferences: A Simplified Approach to Account for Peer Selection Effects. Deviant Behav 2019; 41:1143-1156. [PMID: 33299262 PMCID: PMC7723346 DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2019.1597321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to present and validate a simple method for accounting for peer selection on offending based on a respondent's self-reported preferences for friends who engage in criminal behavior. Using primary panel data (n = 611), having a preference for peers who offend (the measure of peer selection) relates positively and significantly to offending behavior. The selection measure, which carries the advantage of being closely aligned to criminological theory, renders the peer offending/perso nal offending relationship nonsignificant. Our selection variables also out perform a more traditional means of capturing peer selection effects.
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH, Schweitzer K. Strain and Depression following Release from Prison: The Moderating Role of Social Support Mechanisms on Substance Use. Deviant Behav 2019; 41:750-764. [PMID: 32546876 PMCID: PMC7297145 DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2019.1595372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Research on prison reentry shows that individuals with depression turn to substances to cope with the stress of reintegration. While social support drawn from families, peers, and institutions may help returning individuals avoid substance use, it is unclear how social support might condition the link between depression and substance use. Using longitudinal panel data from the Serious and Violent and Offender Reentry Initiative, results from mixed-models demonstrate that depression is significantly associated with increased substance use. Family support, but not peer support, is tied to lower use, and institutional support relates to decreased alcohol use but increased illicit drug use.
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ, Higgins GE. Social Learning, Self-Control, and Offending Specialization and Versatility among Friends. Am J Crim Justice 2019; 44:3-22. [PMID: 34017162 PMCID: PMC8133703 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-018-9445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While it is generally understood that people tend not to specialize in specific types of deviance, less is understood about offending specialization and versatility in the context of friendships. Using a large sample of persons nested within friendship pairs, this study's goal is to explore how self-control and social learning theories contribute to an explanation for specialization and versatility in offending among friends. We estimate a series of multilevel, dyadic, mixed-effects models which regress offending versatility onto measures of perceptual peer versatility, self-reported peer versatility, attitudinal self-control, behavioral self-control, and demographic controls. Results indicate that higher amounts of perceptual peer versatility and peer self-reported versatility are both related to increases in versatility among friends. Lower levels of the target respondent's attitudinal and behavioral self-control are also related to higher amounts of offending versatility. However, the peer's self-control shares no relationship with offending versatility - a point which both supports and fails to support self-control theory's expectations about how peer effects should operate. Learning and self-control perspectives both appear to explain offending versatility among friends. However, self-control theory's propositions about how peer effects should operate are contradictory. The concept of opportunity may help remediate this inconsistency in Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 240 Williams Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 240 Williams Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - George E Higgins
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. The Criminogenic Influence of Family on Substance Use During Reentry: A Life-Course Perspective on Between Individual Differences and Within Individual Changes. Justice Q 2019; 36:841-869. [PMID: 32089588 PMCID: PMC7034947 DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2018.1439518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A large body of prior research has demonstrated a clear link between family support and desistance from substance use during reentry. Emerging research also suggests that family conflict may play an independent role in this process. Accordingly, this study moves towards an understanding of how baseline between-individual differences in both family support and conflict prior to release interact with within-individual change in the respective constructs to affect substance use during the reentry time period. Results of cross-lagged dynamic panel models examining four waves of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative data demonstrate baseline between-individual differences and within-individual changes in family conflict, but not support, significantly relate to polysubstance use. While these results suggest that families play a criminogenic role in reentry, a series of interaction terms demonstrates that within-individual increases in family support can help offset the negative influence of family conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mowen
- Thomas J. Mowen is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Bowling Green State University. His research explores the impact of punishment on families and youth as well as the role and importance of family within the reentry process. John Boman is an Assistant Professor at Bowling Green State University in the Department of Sociology. His research is primarily focused on developmental issues, peers and social relationships through the life-course, and theory
| | - John H Boman
- Thomas J. Mowen is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Bowling Green State University. His research explores the impact of punishment on families and youth as well as the role and importance of family within the reentry process. John Boman is an Assistant Professor at Bowling Green State University in the Department of Sociology. His research is primarily focused on developmental issues, peers and social relationships through the life-course, and theory
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Mowen TJ, Stansfield R, Boman JH. During, After, or Both? Isolating the Effect of Religious Support on Recidivism During Reentry. J Quant Criminol 2018; 34:1079-1101. [PMID: 32382211 PMCID: PMC7205271 DOI: 10.1007/s10940-017-9366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the independent and interdependent roles of baseline religious support during incarceration and within-individual changes in religious support on recidivism during the prisoner reentry process. METHODS Using data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, cross-lagged dynamic panel models are used to examine the respective roles of baseline differences and within-individual changes in religious support on two variety indices encompassing substance use and criminal offending while simultaneously controlling for pre-incarceration levels of substance use and offending. RESULTS Findings show that within-individual increases in religious support protect against substance use post-release, while baseline levels of religious support do not significantly influence substance use. Additionally, baseline levels of religious support fail to condition this relationship. Findings assessing criminal offending demonstrate that baseline religious support and within-individual changes in religious support fail to relate to offending independently. However, an interaction term reveals that the combination of the two relates to significantly lower levels of offending post-release. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer encouragement for those involved in the work of providing religious support to ex-offenders in the community, reaffirming that tailoring support programs to the religious or spiritual ways individuals make meaning in their lives can improve reentry outcomes. Methodologically, failing to distinguish between baseline levels of religious support and post-release changes in religious support fails to capture the complexity of religiosity on the reentry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | | | - John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ. Substance abuse treatment as a preventative tool for opioid use: A cautionary tale. Journal of Substance Use 2018; 23:563-566. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1451566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J. Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. Deterrence's Element of Sanction Certainty: Friendships, Vicarious Experiences, and Underage Alcohol Use. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1529-1538. [PMID: 29313739 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1416401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underage drinking remains a pressing issue on college campuses across the United States. Though the most common form of addressing underage alcohol use on campuses is through deterrence-based policies, evidence suggests deterrence-based methods are ineffective and may produce negative outcomes. OBJECTIVES Using dyadic data, the objective of this study is to use a friendship-informed perspective on deterrence theory to examine how an individual's and his/her friend's perceptions of sanction certainty relate to self-reported underage alcohol use. RESULTS Using multilevel mixed models which fall under the actor-partner interdependence modeling class, results demonstrate that respondents who perceive high levels of sanction certainty drink and heavily use alcohol more frequently than those who perceive low levels of sanction certainty. Additionally, those who have friends who perceive high levels of sanction certainty tend to drink at young ages significantly more frequently and in more dangerous patterns than those who have friends who perceive a low sanction certainty. The dyad members' levels of sanction certainty do not interact in relation to alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The significant relationships of the friends' sanction certainty support the notion of friendship-based deterrence. However, the consistent positive direction of all sanction certainty measures is the opposite of what deterrence theory hypothesizes. As such, it appears that deterrence is not only ineffective at stopping underage alcohol use on college campuses, but may be harmful due to increased rates of both drinking and high-risk drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mowen
- a Department of Sociology , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio , USA
| | - John H Boman
- a Department of Sociology , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio , USA
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. The Duality of the Peer Effect: The Interplay Between Peer Support and Peer Criminality on Offending and Substance Use During Reentry. Crime Delinq 2018; 64:1094-1116. [PMID: 30976127 PMCID: PMC6453146 DOI: 10.1177/0011128717740529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Differential association theory and the closely linked differential coercion/social support theory suggest that peers exert both criminogenic and protective influences on individuals. Yet, little is known about how dimensions of peer criminality and peer support affect reentry outcomes independently and interdependently. Using data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, mixed-effects models demonstrate that peer criminality relates to significantly higher odds of substance use and criminal offending, whereas peer support relates to significantly lower odds of substance use and offending. Interaction terms between peer crime and support suggest the two exert independent, and not interactive, influences on recidivism. Although peer crime exerts a more robust effect, peer support must be understood as a mechanism that drives desistance independently of peer crime.
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ. Unpacking the Role of Conflict in Peer Relationships: Implications for Peer Deviance and Crime. Deviant Behav 2018; 40:882-895. [PMID: 31762522 PMCID: PMC6874103 DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2018.1443779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although criminologists have long recognized the role that peers play in crime, the specific mechanisms responsible for this relationship have been difficult to isolate. Drawing from the perspectives of differential coercion and social support and differential association, we examine how one type of coercion among friends - conflict - moderates the peer deviance/crime relationship. Using dyadic data, greater levels of conflict are related to higher levels of deviance and conflict weakens the peer deviance-crime relationship. Overall, conflict plays a dual role by relating to higher amounts of deviance while jointly reducing the influence of peer deviance on crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ. THE ROLE OF TURNING POINTS IN ESTABLISHING BASELINE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE IN DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE-COURSE CRIMINOLOGY. Criminology 2018; 56:191-224. [PMID: 31447488 PMCID: PMC6707535 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Turning points, between-person differences, and within-person changes have all been linked to desistance from crime. Nevertheless, the means through which between- person differences are frequently captured in life-course criminology makes them intertwined with, and perhaps confounded by, turning points in life. We propose that a new way of capturing the between-person effect-the baseline between-person difference-could benefit theoretically informed tests of developmental and life-course issues in criminology. Because they occur at one time point immediately preceding a turning point in life, we demonstrate that baseline between-person differences establish meaningful theoretical connections to behavior and the way people change over time. By using panel data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we estimate models capturing within-person change and baseline between-person differences in social bonds (family support) and differential association (peer criminality) at the time of release from prison. The results demonstrate that baseline levels of family support protect people from postrelease substance use but not from crime. Baseline between- person differences and within-person changes in peer criminality, however, are robustly related to crime and substance use. Collectively, baseline between-person differences seem critical for behavior and within-person change over time, and the results carry implications for reentry-based policy as well as for theory testing in developmental criminology more broadly.
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. A Developmental Perspective on Reentry: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Family Conflict and Peer Delinquency during Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:275-289. [PMID: 29275434 DOI: 10.1007/s1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the uniqueness of an incarceration experience for adolescents, there remains a shortage of research on adolescents and emerging adults who have been recently released from detention centers and are returning home during the transitional time period of "reentry". Drawing from the developmental literature, the current study uses a diverse (54% Black, 20% White, 26% Other Race) longitudinal survey of 337 male adolescents living in the United States to examine the interrelationships among crime, substance use, family conflict, and peer delinquency. A series of cross-lagged dynamic panel data models using four waves of data demonstrate that while family conflict and peer delinquency relate to increased offending and substance use, conflict in the family is a major driving force behind both future family conflict and peer delinquency. Overall, findings suggest that family conflict is an overlooked, but absolutely critical, factor in explaining deviance and deviant peer associations alike for adolescents and emerging adults who have been recently incarcerated and released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 232 Williams Hall, BGSU, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 232 Williams Hall, BGSU, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study's purpose is to (1) examine how behavioral homophily relates to deviance among friendship pairs and (2) to assess how deviance and non-deviance homophily may be independently and jointly important for deviant behavior. METHODS Using a sample of 2154 individuals nested within 1077 dyadic friendship pairs, a series of mixed-effects models explore how behavioral, deviance, and non-deviance homophily at the dyadic level relate to an actor's theft, vandalism, violence, drug, and alcohol use. RESULTS Findings demonstrate that behavioral homophily is a more robust protective factor than risk factor for deviance. Specifically, non-deviance homophily is significantly more related to abstaining from offending than deviance homophily is in promoting offending for theft, vandalism, violence, and drug use. And while behavioral homophily was not significantly associated with alcohol use, deviance homophily related to higher levels of alcohol use and non-deviance homophily related to less alcohol use with relatively equal effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral homophily contains two empirically and theoretically distinct components - deviance and non-deviance homophily. While both criminological theory and research have long established that peers "matter," behavioral homophily across friendships can operate in a bifurcated role by associating with offending while simultaneously relating to normative behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Thomas J. Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH. A Developmental Perspective on Reentry: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Family Conflict and Peer Delinquency during Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:275-289. [PMID: 29275434 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the uniqueness of an incarceration experience for adolescents, there remains a shortage of research on adolescents and emerging adults who have been recently released from detention centers and are returning home during the transitional time period of "reentry". Drawing from the developmental literature, the current study uses a diverse (54% Black, 20% White, 26% Other Race) longitudinal survey of 337 male adolescents living in the United States to examine the interrelationships among crime, substance use, family conflict, and peer delinquency. A series of cross-lagged dynamic panel data models using four waves of data demonstrate that while family conflict and peer delinquency relate to increased offending and substance use, conflict in the family is a major driving force behind both future family conflict and peer delinquency. Overall, findings suggest that family conflict is an overlooked, but absolutely critical, factor in explaining deviance and deviant peer associations alike for adolescents and emerging adults who have been recently incarcerated and released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 232 Williams Hall, BGSU, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 232 Williams Hall, BGSU, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
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Mowen TJ, Boman JH, Brent JJ. Assessing the within-person impact of social/behavioral programs, increased supervision, and jail time on polysubstance use during reentry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:266-287. [PMID: 32382658 DOI: 10.1080/23774657.2017.1383866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The process of leaving prison, known as reentry, presents a host of challenges to returning individuals. Research documents that substance use is a pressing issue and widespread among the correctional population. A variety of strategies and programs have been used to promote the desistance from substance use; notably, the use of social/behavioral programs, increased supervision, and jail time. Yet, existing research investigating the respective effects of te strategies in relation to one another is relatively underdeveloped. This issue becomes more salient when considering the extent to which supervision models can impact the outcomes and future prospects associated with reentry. Therefore, this study uses four waves of data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) to examine the impact of social/behavioral programming, increased supervision, and jail sanctions on polysubstance use during reentry. Further, we use a series of interaction terms to explore any conditioning effects between approaches on substance use across time. Results from longitudinal crossed-lagged dynamic panel models reveal that social/behavioral programs contribute to within-person decreases in polysubstance use across time while enhanced monitoring and jail-time contribute to within-person increases in polysubstance use. Interactions indicate these programs exert independent, and not interactive, effects on polysubstance use post-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mowen
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - John H Boman
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - John J Brent
- School of Justice Studies, College of Justice and Safety, Richmond, KY, USA
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Boman JH, Mowen TJ. The Role of Companionship and Conflict in Perceptions of a Friend's Heavy Alcohol and Marijuana Use. J Psychoactive Drugs 2017; 50:187-194. [PMID: 29077536 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1391424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals have been found to "project" their own substance use onto perceptions of their friends' substance use. This study explores whether companionship and conflict relate to incorrect perceptions of a friend's heavy alcohol and marijuana use after controlling for the behavior of the respondent and friend. Mixed models demonstrate that having higher levels of companionship, but not conflict, with a friend result in significantly higher perceptual levels of the friend's heavy alcohol and marijuana use. While beneficial for the friendship, higher levels of companionship may result in a person overestimating the heavy alcohol and marijuana use of a friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Boman
- a Assistant Professor of Sociology, Deparment of Sociology, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , OH , USA
| | - Thomas J Mowen
- a Assistant Professor of Sociology, Deparment of Sociology, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , OH , USA
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Stogner J, Boman JH, Miller BL. Assessing the Relationship Between Divergent Drinking and Perceptions of Friendship Quality Between Students. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.872065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Boman JH, Stogner J, Miller BL. Binge drinking, marijuana use, and friendships: the relationship between similar and dissimilar usage and friendship quality. J Psychoactive Drugs 2013; 45:218-26. [PMID: 24175486 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2013.803646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While it is commonly understood that the substance use of peers influences an individual's substance use, much less is understood about the interplay between substance use and friendship quality. Using a sample of 2,148 emerging adults nested within 1,074 dyadic friendships, this study separately investigates how concordance and discordance in binge drinking and marijuana use between friends is related to each friend's perceptions of friendship quality. Because "friendship quality" is a complex construct, we employ a measure containing five sub-elements--companionship, a lack of conflict, willingness to help a friend, relationship security, and closeness. Results for both binge drinking and marijuana use reveal that individuals in friendship pairs who are concordant in their substance use perceive significantly higher perceptions of friendship quality than individuals in dyads who are dissimilar in substance use. Specifically, concordant binge drinkers estimate significantly higher levels of companionship, relationship security, and willingness to help their friend than concordant non-users, discordant users, and discordant non-users. However, the highest amount of conflict in friendships is found when both friends engage in binge drinking and marijuana use. Several interpretations of these findings are discussed. Overall, concordance between friends' binge drinking and marijuana use appears to help some elements of friendship quality and harm others.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Boman
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Abstract
Researchers commonly use a person's perception of the drug use of friends to determine the impact that peers exert on one's own behavior. Recently, there has been concern over this measure's validity. Novel drugs, which are either newly discovered drugs or existing substances only recently used for recreational purposes, may be used so infrequently that people have too few observable opportunities to accurately develop perceptions of their peer's use. Employing survey data collected in 2009 from 2,154 individuals within friendship pairs in the Southeast United States, we explore how gender affects perceptions of the infrequently used, novel drug Salvia divinorum. The study's limitations are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Lee Miller
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA.
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Stogner J, Khey DN, Griffin OH, Miller BL, Boman JH. Regulating a novel drug: An evaluation of changes in use of Salvia divinorum in the first year of Florida's ban. International Journal of Drug Policy 2012; 23:512-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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