1
|
Sepp E, Andreson R, Balode A, Bilozor A, Brauer A, Egorova S, Huik K, Ivanova M, Kaftyreva L, Kõljalg S, Kõressaar T, Makarova M, Miciuleviciene J, Pai K, Remm M, Rööp T, Naaber P. Phenotypic and Molecular Epidemiology of ESBL-, AmpC-, and Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli in Northern and Eastern Europe. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2465. [PMID: 31824436 PMCID: PMC6882919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC producing-Escherichia coli have spread worldwide, but data about ESBL-producing-E. coli in the Northern and Eastern regions of Europe is scant. The aim of this study has been to describe the phenotypical and molecular epidemiology of different ESBL/AmpC/Carbapenemases genes in E. coli strains isolated from the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), Norway and St. Petersburg (Russia), and to determine the predominant multilocus sequence type and single nucleotide polymorphisms diversity of E. coli isolates deduced by whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 10,780 clinical E. coli strains were screened for reduced sensitivity to third-generation cephalosporins. They were collected from 21 hospitals located in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and St. Petersburg during a 5 month period in 2012. The overall prevalence of ESBL/AmpC strains was 4.7% by phenotypical test and 3.9% by sequencing. We found more strains with the ESBL/AmpC phenotype and genotype in St. Petersburg and Latvia than other countries. Of phenotypic E. coli strains, 85% contained confirmed ESBL genes (including blaCTX–M, blaTEM–29, blaTEM–71), AmpC genes (blaCMY–59, blaACT–12/–15/–20, blaESC–6, blaFEC–1, blaDHA–1), or carbapenemase genes (blaNDM–1). blaCTX–M–1, blaCTX–M–14 and blaCTX–M–15 were found in all countries, but blaCTX–M–15 prevalence was higher in Latvia than in St. Petersburg (Russia), Estonia, Norway and Lithuania. The dominating AmpC genes were blaCMY–59 in the Baltic States and Norway, and blaDHA–1 in St. Petersburg. E. coli strains belonged to 83 different sequence types, of which the most prevalent was ST131 (40%). In conclusion, we generally found low ESBL/AmpC/Carbapenemase prevalence in E. coli strains isolated in Northern/Eastern Europe. However, several inter-country differences in distribution of particular genes and multilocus sequence types were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Epp Sepp
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reidar Andreson
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arta Balode
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anastasia Bilozor
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Age Brauer
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Svetlana Egorova
- Department of Enteric Infections, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristi Huik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Marina Ivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Lidia Kaftyreva
- Department of Enteric Infections, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Siiri Kõljalg
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triinu Kõressaar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Makarova
- Department of Enteric Infections, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Kristiine Pai
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maido Remm
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiiu Rööp
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paul Naaber
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,SYNLAB Eesti, Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bilozor A, Balode A, Chakhunashvili G, Chumachenko T, Egorova S, Ivanova M, Kaftyreva L, Kõljalg S, Kõressaar T, Lysenko O, Miciuleviciene J, Mändar R, Lis DO, Wesolowska MP, Ratnik K, Remm M, Rudzko J, Rööp T, Saule M, Sepp E, Shyshporonok J, Titov L, Tsereteli D, Naaber P. Application of Molecular Methods for Carbapenemase Detection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1755. [PMID: 31428068 PMCID: PMC6687770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study has evaluated the correlation between different carbapenemases detection methods on carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from Northern and Eastern Europe; 31 institutions in 9 countries participated in the research project, namely Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, St. Petersburg, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia. During the research program, a total of 5,001 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates were screened for any carbapenem non-susceptibility by the disk diffusion method, Vitek 2 or Phoenix system following the EUCAST guideline on detection of resistance mechanisms, version 1.0. Strains isolated from outpatients and hospitalized patients from April 2015 to June 2015 were included. All types of samples (blood, pus, urine, etc.) excluding fecal screening or fecal colonization samples have been represented. In total, 171 carbapenemase screening-positive K. pneumoniae isolates (3.42%) were found and characterized. Several methods were used for detection of carbapenemases production, including Luminex assay (PCR and hybridization), whole genome sequencing, MALDI-TOF based Imipenem degradation assay, and immunochromatography testing. Minimal inhibitory concentration determination for Meropenem by agar-based gradient method was also used. Finally, 83 K. pneumoniae strains were carbapenemase negative by all confirmation methods (49.4% of all screening-positive ones), 74 – positive by three methods (44.0%), 8 – positive by two methods (4.8%) and 3 – positive by only one method (1.8%). The sensitivity of the tests was 96.3% for Whole genome sequencing and MALDI-TOF assay (both three undetected cases), and 95.1% for Luminex-Carba (4 undetected cases). The most commonly detected carbapenemases were NDM (n = 54) and OXA-48 (n = 26), followed by KPC-2, VIM-5, and OXA-72 (one case of each). Our results showed that different types of carbapenemases can be detected in the countries involved in the project. The sensitivity of our methods for carbapenemase detection (including screening as a first step and further confirmation tests) was >95%, but we would recommend using different methods to increase the sensitivity of detection and make it more precise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Bilozor
- Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arta Balode
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Giorgi Chakhunashvili
- Department of Communicable Disease, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tetyana Chumachenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Egorova
- Department of Enteric Infections, St-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Ivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liidia Kaftyreva
- Department of Enteric Infections, St-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Siiri Kõljalg
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triinu Kõressaar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Lysenko
- Department of Bacteriological Laboratory, Kyiv City Clinical Hospital, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Reet Mändar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Danuta O Lis
- Department of Biohazards and Immunoallergology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | | | | | - Maido Remm
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Tiiu Rööp
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mara Saule
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Epp Sepp
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julia Shyshporonok
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Leonid Titov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - David Tsereteli
- Department of Communicable Disease, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Paul Naaber
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,SYNLAB Estonia, Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tratulyte S, Miciuleviciene J, Kuisiene N. First genotypic characterization of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in Lithuanian hospitals reveals the prevalence of the hypervirulent ribotype 027/ST1. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1953-1959. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
4
|
Idelevich EA, Seifert H, Sundqvist M, Scudeller L, Amit S, Balode A, Bilozor A, Drevinek P, Kocak Tufan Z, Koraqi A, Lamy B, Mareković I, Miciuleviciene J, Müller Premru M, Pascual A, Pournaras S, Saegeman V, Schønheyder HC, Schrenzel J, Strateva T, Tilley R, Wiersinga WJ, Zabicka D, Carmeli Y, Becker K. Microbiological diagnostics of bloodstream infections in Europe-an ESGBIES survey. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1399-1407. [PMID: 30980927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-quality diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI) is important for successful patient management. As knowledge on current practices of microbiological BSI diagnostics is limited, this project aimed to assess its current state in European microbiological laboratories. METHODS We performed an online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey comprising 34 questions on practices of microbiological BSI diagnostics. The ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream Infections, Endocarditis and Sepsis (ESGBIES) was the primary platform to engage national coordinators who recruited laboratories within their countries. RESULTS Responses were received from 209 laboratories in 25 European countries. Although 32.5% (68/209) of laboratories only used the classical processing of positive blood cultures (BC), two-thirds applied rapid technologies. Of laboratories that provided data, 42.2% (78/185) were able to start incubating BC in automated BC incubators around-the-clock, and only 13% (25/192) had established a 24-h service to start immediate processing of positive BC. Only 4.7% (9/190) of laboratories validated and transmitted the results of identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of BC pathogens to clinicians 24 h/day. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry from briefly incubated sub-cultures on solid media was the most commonly used approach to rapid pathogen identification from positive BC, and direct disc diffusion was the most common rapid AST method from positive BC. CONCLUSIONS Laboratories have started to implement novel technologies for rapid identification and AST for positive BC. However, progress is severely compromised by limited operating hours such that current practice of BC diagnostics in Europe complies only partly with the requirements for optimal BSI management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Idelevich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Sundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - L Scudeller
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Fondazione IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Amit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Balode
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Bilozor
- Microbiology Laboratory, Diagnostic Clinic, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - P Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Kocak Tufan
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Medical School of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Koraqi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Centre 'Mother Theresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - B Lamy
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065 (C3M), Nice, France
| | - I Mareković
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - M Müller Premru
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Pascual
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiologia y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Pournaras
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Saegeman
- Department of Infection Control and Epidemiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H C Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J Schrenzel
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Strateva
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - W J Wiersinga
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Zabicka
- National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y Carmeli
- Division of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grundmann H, Glasner C, Albiger B, Aanensen DM, Tomlinson CT, Andrasević AT, Cantón R, Carmeli Y, Friedrich AW, Giske CG, Glupczynski Y, Gniadkowski M, Livermore DM, Nordmann P, Poirel L, Rossolini GM, Seifert H, Vatopoulos A, Walsh T, Woodford N, Monnet DL, Koraqi A, Lacej D, Apfalter P, Hartl R, Glupczynski Y, Huang TD, Strateva T, Marteva-Proevska Y, Andrasevic AT, Butic I, Pieridou-Bagatzouni D, Maikanti-Charalampous P, Hrabak J, Zemlickova H, Hammerum A, Jakobsen L, Ivanova M, Pavelkovich A, Jalava J, Österblad M, Dortet L, Vaux S, Kaase M, Gatermann SG, Vatopoulos A, Tryfinopoulou K, Tóth Á, Jánvári L, Boo TW, McGrath E, Carmeli Y, Adler A, Pantosti A, Monaco M, Raka L, Kurti A, Balode A, Saule M, Miciuleviciene J, Mierauskaite A, Perrin-Weniger M, Reichert P, Nestorova N, Debattista S, Mijovic G, Lopicic M, Samuelsen Ø, Haldorsen B, Zabicka D, Literacka E, Caniça M, Manageiro V, Kaftandzieva A, Trajkovska-Dokic E, Damian M, Lixandru B, Jelesic Z, Trudic A, Niks M, Schreterova E, Pirs M, Cerar T, Oteo J, Aracil B, Giske C, Sjöström K, Gür D, Cakar A, Woodford N, Hopkins K, Wiuff C, Brown DJ. Occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in the European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE): a prospective, multinational study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2017; 17:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
6
|
Egorova SA, Kaftyreva LA, Lipskaya LV, Konovalenko IB, Pyasetskaya MF, Kurchikova TS, Vedernikova NB, Morozova OT, Smirnova MV, Popenko LN, Lubushkina MI, Savochkina JA, Makarova MA, Suzhaeva LV, Ostankova JV, Ivanova MN, Pavelkovich AM, Naaber P, Sepp E, Kõljalg S, Miciuleviciene J, Balode A. ENTEROBACTERIACAE, PRODUCING ESBLS AND METALLO-β-LACTAMASE NDM-1, ISOLATED IN HOSPITALS OF BALTIC REGION COUNTRIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2013-1-29-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
7
|
Kupcinskas L, Rasmussen L, Jonaitis L, Kiudelis G, Jørgensen M, Urbonaviciene N, Tamosiunas V, Kupcinskas J, Miciuleviciene J, Kadusevicius E, Berg D, Andersen LP. Evolution ofHelicobacter pylorisusceptibility to antibiotics during a 10-year period in Lithuania. APMIS 2012; 121:431-6. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas; Lithuania
| | - Lone Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Laimas Jonaitis
- Institute for Digestive Research; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas; Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Kiudelis
- Institute for Digestive Research; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas; Lithuania
| | - Marianne Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Neringa Urbonaviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas; Lithuania
| | - Vytas Tamosiunas
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Vilnius Pedagogical University; Vilnius; Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas; Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Miciuleviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas; Lithuania
| | - Edmundas Kadusevicius
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Kaunas; Lithuania
| | - Douglas Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology; Washington University Medical School; St. Louis; MO; USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woodford HJ, Graham C, Meda M, Miciuleviciene J. BACTEREMIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN HOSPITALIZED OLDER PATIENTS-ARE ANY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA SENSITIVE ENOUGH? J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:567-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Gurskis V, Asembergiene J, Kevalas R, Miciuleviciene J, Pavilonis A, Valinteliene R, Dagys A. Reduction of nosocomial infections and mortality attributable to nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in Lithuania. Medicina (Kaunas) 2009; 45:203-213. [PMID: 19357450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify the most important risk factors for nosocomial infections, evaluate the incidence rates and risk changes after the multimodal intervention, and to assess mortality attributable to nosocomial infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective surveillance study. Data were collected from January 2005 until December 2007 in three pediatric intensive care units. All patients aged between 1 month and 18 years hospitalized in units for more than 48 hours were included in the study. The patients were divided into preintervention (2006) and postintervention (2007) groups. The multimodal intervention included education of the staff and implementation of evidence-based infection control measures. RESULTS A total of 755 children were included in the study. Major risk factors for nosocomial infections were identified: mechanical ventilation, central line, intracranial pressure device, and tracheostomy. Overall, the incidence rate (15.6 vs. 7.5 cases per 100 patients, P=0.002), incidence density (19.1 vs. 10.4 cases per 1000 patient-days, P=0.015), and the incidence of pneumonia (5.6 vs. 1.9 per 100 patients, P=0.016) have decreased in the postintervention as compared with the preintervention group. The relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction, and number needed to treat were statistically significant for ventilator-associated pneumonia (66.5%, 3.7%, 27, respectively; P=0.016). There was no significant difference in survival time by the presence of nosocomial infection (83.67 patient-days without vs. 74.33 patient-days with infection, P>0.05) CONCLUSIONS The most important risk factors for nosocomial infections were mechanical ventilation, central line, intracranial pressure device, and tracheostomy. After the multimodal intervention, there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence rates of nosocomial infections and the risk reduction for ventilator-associated pneumonia. No significant impact of nosocomial infections on mortality was determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidotas Gurskis
- Unit of Pediatric Intensive Care, Clinic of Children's Diseases, Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miciuleviciene J, Calkauskas H, Jonaitis L, Kiudelis G, Tamosiūnas V, Praskevicius A, Kupcinskas L, Berg D. Helicobacter pylori genotypes in Lithuanian patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer. Medicina (Kaunas) 2008; 44:449-454. [PMID: 18660639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection might be associated with specific virulence-associated bacterial genotypes. The distribution of different bacterial genotypes varies geographically. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cagPAI, vacA, and iceA status and severity of the disease in patients from Lithuania, infected by H. pylori. MATERIAL AND METHODS H. pylori from 81 patients (37 with duodenal ulcer and 44 with chronic gastritis) was isolated from gastric biopsy specimens and cultured. Bacterial genotypes cagPAI, vacA (s and m subtypes) and iceA were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. RESULTS The cagPAI was identified in 59.3% of Lithuanian H. pylori strains investigated. H. pylori strains cultured from duodenal ulcer (DU) patients more frequently (P<0.01) contained cagPAI and vacA s1 genotypes (75.7% and 75.7%, respectively) in comparison to isolates from chronic gastritis (CG) patients (45.5% and 40.9%, respectively). Evaluation of nucleotide sequence of the vacA middle-region revealed that vacA s2/m2 genotype was more frequent in CG than in DU patients (56.8% and 24.3%, respectively; P<0.05). We have not found any differences in the frequency of iceA1 genotype between the DU and CG patients (46.0% and 40.9%, respectively; P>0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that cagPAI and vacA s1 genotypes are associated with peptic ulceration in Lithuanian patients infected by H. pylori.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bozdogan B, Appelbaum PC, Kelly LM, Hoellman DB, Tambic-Andrasevic A, Drukalska L, Hryniewicz W, Hupkova H, Jacobs MR, Kolman J, Konkoly-Thege M, Miciuleviciene J, Pana M, Setchanova L, Trupl J, Urbaskova P. Activity of telithromycin and seven other agents against 1034 pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from ten central and eastern European centers. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9:653-61. [PMID: 12925106 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the activity of telithromycin against 1034 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in ten centers from ten central and eastern European countries during 2000-2001, and to compare it with the activities of erythromycin A, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of telithromycin, erythromycin A, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and penicillin G were tested by the agar dilution method with incubation in air, and mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and quinolones were investigated. RESULTS Strains were isolated from sputum, tracheal aspirates, ear, eye, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Among S. pneumoniae strains tested, 36% had raised penicillin G MICs (>/= 0.12 mg/L). Susceptibilities were as follows: telithromycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and levofloxacin, >/= 99%; clindamycin, 83%; and erythromycin A, azithromycin and clarithromycin, 78%. Of 230 (22.3%) erythromycin A-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, 176 (79.6%) had erm(B), 38 (16.1%) had mef(A), and 10 (4.3%) had mutations in 23S ribosomal RNA or in ribosomal protein L4. The rates of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae are high in all centers except Kaunas, Riga, and Prague. CONCLUSION Telithromycin had low MICs against all strains, irrespective of macrolide, azalide or clindamycin resistance. Ribosomal methylation was the most prevalent resistance mechanism among all resistant strains, except in Sofia, where the prevalence of the efflux mechanism was higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bozdogan
- Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bozdogan B, Appelbaum PC, Kelly LM, Hoellman DB, Tambic-Andrasevic A, Drukalska L, Hryniewicz W, Hupkova H, Jacobs MR, Kolman J, Konkoly-Thege M, Miciuleviciene J, Pana M, Setchanova L, Trupl J, Urbaskova P. Activity of telithromycin compared with seven other agents against 1039 Streptococcus pyogenes pediatric isolates from ten centers in central and eastern Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9:741-5. [PMID: 12925122 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In total, 1039 pediatric Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia were studied. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G, levofloxacin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin, 91-100% to telithromycin, and 82-100% to erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, and 90-100% to clindamycin. Macrolide resistance occurred mainly in Slovakia (25%), the Czech Republic (17.3%), and Croatia (15.8%). Overall, 9.7% of S. pyogenes isolates were erythromycin resistant due to erm(B)- or erm(A)-encoded methylases (72.3%) or to a mef(A)-encoded efflux pump (25.7%). One strain had alterations of both 23S rRNA (A2058G Escherichia coli numbering) and ribosomal protein L22 (G95D).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bozdogan
- Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dailidiene D, Bertoli MT, Miciuleviciene J, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dailide G, Pascasio MA, Kupcinskas L, Berg DE. Emergence of tetracycline resistance in Helicobacter pylori: multiple mutational changes in 16S ribosomal DNA and other genetic loci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3940-6. [PMID: 12435699 PMCID: PMC132778 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.12.3940-3946.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline is useful in combination therapies against the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. We found 6 tetracycline-resistant (Tet(r)) strains among 159 clinical isolates (from El Salvador, Lithuania, and India) and obtained the following four results: (i) 5 of 6 Tet(r) isolates contained one or two nucleotide substitutions in one part of the primary tetracycline binding site in 16S rRNA (AGA(965-967) [Escherichia coli coordinates] changed to gGA, AGc, guA, or gGc [lowercase letters are used to represent the base changes]), whereas the sixth (isolate Ind75) retained AGA(965-967); (ii) PCR products containing mutant 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) alleles transformed recipient strains to Tet(r) phenotypes, but transformants containing alleles with single substitutions (gGA and AGc) were less resistant than their Tet(r) parents; (iii) each of 10 Tet(r) mutants of reference strain 26695 (in which mutations were induced with metronidazole, a mutagenic anti-H. pylori agent) contained the normal AGA(965-967) sequence; and (iv) transformant derivatives of Ind75 and of one of the Tet(r) 26695 mutants that had acquired mutant rDNA alleles were resistant to tetracycline at levels higher than those to which either parent strain was resistant. Thus, tetracycline resistance in H. pylori results from an accumulation of changes that may affect tetracycline-ribosome affinity and/or other functions (perhaps porins or efflux pumps). We suggest that the rarity of tetracycline resistance among clinical isolates reflects this need for multiple mutations and perhaps also the deleterious effects of such mutations on fitness. Formally equivalent mutations with small but additive effects are postulated to contribute importantly to traits such as host specificity and virulence and to H. pylori's great genetic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Dailidiene
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagai K, Appelbaum PC, Davies TA, Kelly LM, Hoellman DB, Andrasevic AT, Drukalska L, Hryniewicz W, Jacobs MR, Kolman J, Miciuleviciene J, Pana M, Setchanova L, Thege MK, Hupkova H, Trupl J, Urbaskova P. Susceptibility to telithromycin in 1,011 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from 10 central and Eastern European countries. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:546-9. [PMID: 11796375 PMCID: PMC127072 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.2.546-549.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 1,011 recently isolated Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from 10 Central and Eastern European centers, the MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(50)s) and the MIC(90)s were as follows: for telithromycin, 0.03 and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively; for erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, 0.06 to 0.125 and 1 to 8 microg/ml, respectively; and for clindamycin, 0.125 and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively. Erythromycin resistance occurred in 12.3% of strains. Erm(A) [subclass erm(TR)] was most commonly encountered (60.5%), followed by mef(A) (23.4%) and erm(B) (14.5%). At <0.5 microg/ml, telithromycin was active against 98.5% of the strains tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Nagai
- Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagai K, Appelbaum PC, Davies TA, Kelly LM, Hoellman DB, Andrasevic AT, Drukalska L, Hryniewicz W, Jacobs MR, Kolman J, Miciuleviciene J, Pana M, Setchanova L, Thege MK, Hupkova H, Trupl J, Urbaskova P. Susceptibilities to telithromycin and six other agents and prevalence of macrolide resistance due to L4 ribosomal protein mutation among 992 Pneumococci from 10 central and Eastern European countries. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:371-7. [PMID: 11796344 PMCID: PMC127073 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.2.371-377.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrolide and levofloxacin susceptibilities of 992 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical specimens collected in 1999 and 2000 were determined in 10 centers in Central and Eastern European countries. The prevalences of penicillin G-intermediate (MICs, 0.125 to 1 microg/ml) and penicillin-resistant (MICs, < or =2 microg/ml) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were 14.3 and 16.6%, respectively. The MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(50)s) and the MIC(90)s of telithromycin were 0.016 and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively; those of erythromycin were 0.06 and >64 microg/ml, respectively; those of azithromycin were 0.125 and >64 microg/ml, respectively; those of clarithromycin were 0.03 and >64 microg/ml, respectively; and those of clindamycin were 0.06 and >64 microg/ml, respectively. Erythromycin resistance was found in 180 S. pneumoniae isolates (18.1%); the highest prevalence of erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae was observed in Hungary (35.5%). Among erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates, strains harboring erm(B) genes (125 strains [69.4%]) were found to be predominant over strains with mef(E) genes (25 strains [13.4%]), L4 protein mutations (28 strains [15.6%]), and erm(A) genes (2 strains [1.1%]). Similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns suggested that some strains containing L4 mutations from the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, and Latvia were clonally related. Of nine strains highly resistant to levofloxacin (MICs, >8 microg/ml) six were isolated from Zagreb, Croatia. Telithromycin at < or =0.5 microg/ml was active against 99.8% of S. pneumoniae isolates tested and may be useful for the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Nagai
- Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|