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Heinze F, Czwikla J, Heinig M, Langner I, Haug U. German mammography screening program: program sensitivity between 2010 and 2016 estimated based on German health claims data. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:852. [PMID: 37697304 PMCID: PMC10496211 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Program sensitivity is a key quality indicator for mammography screening programs (MSP). Estimating program sensitivity usually requires a linkage of screening and cancer registry data. For the German MSP, such data linkage-based estimates have only been reported for two out of 16 federal states. We aimed to explore the potential of estimating program sensitivity for the German MSP based on information available in health claims data. METHODS We used data from the second-largest statutory health insurance fund in Germany, BARMER (~ 9 million members all over Germany). We included women aged 50 to 69 years with a non-initial screening mammography between 2010 and 2016 and followed them up for two years. We estimated the rate of screen-detected and interval cancers as well as program sensitivity. RESULTS Per year, we included 212,400 to 303,667 women (mean age: 60-61 years). Overall, 1,992,287 non-initial MSP screening examinations conducted in these women between 2010 and 2016 were considered for the analyses. Age-standardized program sensitivity ranged between 69.9% [95% CI: 67.3-72.0%] and 71.7% [95% CI: 69.5-73.9%] during the study period. Per 1,000 non-initial screening examinations, the rate of screen-detected breast cancer ranged between 4.6 and 5.3, and the rate of interval breast cancer rates ranged between 0.6 and 0.8 for the first and between 1.3 and 1.4 for the second year after screening. CONCLUSIONS Our results were plausible and consistent with quality indicators estimated for the German MSP based on data linkage and thus support the value of German health claims data in this regard. The quality indicators estimated in our study are in line with levels expected according to European Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Heinze
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, Bremen, 28359, Germany.
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany.
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Miriam Heinig
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Ingo Langner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Ulrike Haug
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
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Czwikla J, Wandscher K, Helbach J, Fassmer AM, Schmiemann G, Hoffmann F. Prevalence of indwelling urinary catheters in nursing home residents: Systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 145:104555. [PMID: 37421830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review examines the prevalence of indwelling urinary catheters in nursing home residents. METHODS MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched from inception to 9 August 2022. Cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies with cross-sectional analyses reporting catheter prevalence in nursing home residents were identified and summarized descriptively. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies (92.5 % cross-sectional) were included. The reported number of included residents ranged from 73 to 110,656. The median catheter prevalence was 7.3 % (interquartile range 4.3-10.1 %; n = 65 studies). It was higher in Germany (10.2 % [9.7-12.8 %]; n = 15) than in the United States of America (9.3 % [6.3-11.9 %]; n = 9), United Kingdom (6.9 % [4.8-8.5 %]; n = 7), and Sweden (7.3 % [6.4-7.9 %]; n = 6). Furthermore, it was higher among men (17.0 % [16.0-26.0 %]) than among women (5.3 % [4.0-9.5 %]) (n = 9). Only one study investigated differences by age. The prevalence was higher for transurethral (5.7 % [5.6-7.2 %]; n = 12) than for suprapubic (1.2 % [0.6-2.5 %]; n = 13) catheters. Most catheterized residents were long-term catheterized (n = 6) and had their catheter changed within 3 months (n = 2). Symptomatic urinary tract infections were more common among catheterized than among non-catheterized residents (n = 4). DISCUSSION Catheter prevalence in nursing home residents varies between studies and countries. Prevalence differences by sex, age, and catheter type as well as duration of catheterization, catheter change intervals, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections are rarely reported because most studies do not primarily focus on catheters. Future studies should focus on the circumstances of urinary catheter use and care in nursing home residents. REGISTRATION AND FUNDING PROSPERO (29 August 2022; CRD42022354358); no funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; Department of Health, Long-term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany; High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Wandscher
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Helbach
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Fassmer
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Guido Schmiemann
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Falk Hoffmann
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Czwikla J, Rothgang H, Schwendicke F, Hoffmann F. Dental care utilization among home care recipients, nursing home residents, and older adults not in need of long-term care: An observational study based on German insurance claims data. J Dent 2023; 136:104627. [PMID: 37473830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe and compare dental care utilization (DCU) among home care recipients, nursing home residents, and older adults not in need of long-term care (LTC). METHODS Using nationwide claims data of 8 German statutory health and LTC insurance funds, proportions of home care recipients (n = 68,137), nursing home residents (n = 21,167), and non-LTC dependents (n = 632,205) aged 65+ years with DCU in 2017 were determined and compared. Associations between DCU and individual characteristics and setting were investigated via multivariable logistic regression. The proportions of individuals with DCU one year before and after transition to (a) home care (n = 23,590) and (b) nursing home care (n = 6,583) were compared. RESULTS Proportions of home care recipients and nursing home residents with DCU were lower compared to non-LTC dependents (51.9, 53.1, and 73.2%, respectively). Adjusted odds ratios for DCU for home care recipients vs. non-LTC dependents ranged from 0.55 (LTC grades 1/2; 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.56) to 0.38 (LTC grades 4/5; 0.36-0.40). For nursing home residents vs. non-LTC dependents they ranged from 0.69 (3; 0.65-0.72) to 0.67 (4/5; 0.63-0.71). Women, older individuals, those with 0-1 diseases of the Elixhauser comorbidity index, dementia, and those from West Germany were also less likely to utilize dental care than their counterparts. Utilization decreased after transition to home care (60.0 vs. 55.6%) and increased after transition to nursing homes (46.1 vs. 53.5%). CONCLUSIONS Nursing home residents and especially home care recipients utilized dental care less frequently than older non-LTC dependents. Organizational barriers for dental care utilization and ways to remove them should be investigated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental care utilization among LTC dependents is low and should be improved in both the home care and nursing home setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; Department of Health, Long-term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany; High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- Department of Health, Long-term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany; High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health, Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hoffmann
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Friedrich AC, Czwikla J, Schulz M, Wolf-Ostermann K, Rothgang H. [Medical care with or without cooperative agreements? A cross-sectional study in nursing homes in Bremen and Lower Saxony]. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes 2023; 177:57-64. [PMID: 36964119 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical studies in nursing homes show that people in need of long-term care have less contact with medical specialists (except for neurologists) compared to those of the same age who are not in need of long-term care, which can be an indication of insufficient health care provision. Against this background, a cooperative agreement between medical specialists and nursing homes was first made legally possible, then requested and finally made mandatory (section 119b SGB V [Social Code Book V] in the currently valid version). The aim of this study is to investigate to what extent contact density to physicians and the needs-based medical treatment of nursing home residents in nursing homes with and without a cooperative agreement differ from each other and, hence, how effective such cooperation agreements are in this context. METHODOLOGY Using data from 396 people in need of care from 44 nursing homes in Lower Saxony and Bremen we compared facilities with and without cooperative agreements with respect to the number of home visits, practice visits and telephone contacts and the realization of adequate specialist medical treatment. At the time of the survey, 26 of the 44 nursing homes had cooperative agreements with dentists, 17 with general practitioners and 7 with neurologists. RESULTS The number of personal contacts to general practitioners tends to be higher if cooperation agreements between general practitioners and nursing homes exist. In nursing homes having cooperation agreements with dentists the number of home visits is twice as high as in nursing homes without such an agreement, whereas cooperation agreements with neurologists have no effect on the number of contacts with these specialists. Furthermore, cooperation agreements with dentists promote appropriate dental care. CONCLUSIONS The results show that cooperation agreements can be a useful instrument to ensure medical care in nursing homes. To guarantee the effectiveness of the cooperation agreements, however, the number of medical visits should be stipulated in the agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Carina Friedrich
- Universität Bremen, IPP Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Pflegewissenschaftliche Versorgungsforschung, Bremen, Deutschland.
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- Universität Bremen, SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Gesundheit, Pflege und Alterssicherung, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Maike Schulz
- Universität Bremen, SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Gesundheit, Pflege und Alterssicherung, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Karin Wolf-Ostermann
- Universität Bremen, IPP Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Pflegewissenschaftliche Versorgungsforschung, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- Universität Bremen, SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Gesundheit, Pflege und Alterssicherung, Bremen, Deutschland
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Braitmaier M, Kollhorst B, Heinig M, Langner I, Czwikla J, Heinze F, Buschmann L, Minnerup H, García-Albéniz X, Hense HW, Karch A, Zeeb H, Haug U, Didelez V. Effectiveness of Mammography Screening on Breast Cancer Mortality – A Study Protocol for Emulation of Target Trials Using German Health Claims Data. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1293-1303. [PMID: 36353307 PMCID: PMC9639456 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s376107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of mammography screening in reducing breast cancer mortality has been demonstrated in randomized trials. However, treatment options - and hence prognosis – for advanced tumor stages as well as mammography techniques have considerably improved since completion of these trials. Consequently, the effectiveness of mammography screening under current conditions is unclear and controversial. The German mammography screening program (MSP), an organized population-based screening program, was gradually introduced between 2005 and 2008 and achieved nation-wide coverage in 2009. Objective We describe in detail a study protocol for investigating the effectiveness of the German MSP in reducing breast cancer mortality in women aged 50 to 69 years based on health claims data. Specifically, the proposed study aims at estimating per-protocol effects of several screening strategies on cumulative breast cancer mortality. The first analysis will be conducted once 10-year follow-up data are available. Methods and Analysis We will use claims data from five statutory health insurance providers in Germany, covering approximately 37.6 million individuals. To estimate the effectiveness of the MSP, hypothetical target trials will be emulated across time, an approach that has been demonstrated to minimize design-related biases. Specifically, the primary contrast will be in terms of the cumulative breast cancer mortality comparing the screening strategies of “never screen” versus “regular screening as intended by the MSP”. Ethics and Dissemination In Germany, the utilization of data from health insurances for scientific research is regulated by the Code of Social Law. All involved health insurance providers as well as the responsible authorities approved the use of the health claims data for this study. The Ethics Committee of the University of Bremen determined that studies based on claims data are exempt from institutional review. The findings of the proposed study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Braitmaier
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Bianca Kollhorst
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Miriam Heinig
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ingo Langner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Franziska Heinze
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Buschmann
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heike Minnerup
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Xabiér García-Albéniz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- RTI Health Solutions, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Haug
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Didelez
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence: Vanessa Didelez, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Department of Biometry and Data Management, Achterstraße 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany, Tel +49-421-56939, Fax +49-421-56941, Email
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Czwikla J, Herzberg A, Kapp S, Kloep S, Rothgang H, Nitschke I, Haffner C, Hoffmann F. Generalizability and reach of a randomized controlled trial to improve oral health among home care recipients: comparing participants and nonparticipants at baseline and during follow-up. Trials 2022; 23:560. [PMID: 35804423 PMCID: PMC9264743 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The generalizability of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a low response can be limited by systematic differences between participants and nonparticipants. This participation bias, however, is rarely investigated because data on nonparticipants is usually not available. The purpose of this article is to compare all participants and nonparticipants of a RCT to improve oral health among home care recipients at baseline and during follow-up using claims data. Methods Seven German statutory health and long-term care insurance funds invited 9656 home care recipients to participate in the RCT MundPflege. Claims data for all participants (n = 527, 5.5% response) and nonparticipants (n = 9129) were analyzed. Associations between trial participation and sex, age, care dependency, number of Elixhauser diseases, and dementia, as well as nursing, medical, and dental care utilization at baseline, were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. Associations between trial participation and the probability of (a) moving into a nursing home, (b) being hospitalized, and (c) death during 1 year of follow-up were examined via Cox proportional hazards regressions, controlling for baseline variables. Results At baseline, trial participation was positively associated with male sex (odds ratio 1.29 [95% confidence interval 1.08–1.54]), high (vs. low 1.46 [1.15–1.86]) care dependency, receiving occasional in-kind benefits to relieve caring relatives (1.45 [1.15–1.84]), having a referral by a general practitioner to a medical specialist (1.62 [1.21–2.18]), and dental care utilization (2.02 [1.67–2.45]). It was negatively associated with being 75–84 (vs. < 60 0.67 [0.50–0.90]) and 85 + (0.50 [0.37–0.69]) years old. For morbidity, hospitalizations, and formal, respite, short-term, and day or night care, no associations were found. During follow-up, participants were less likely to move into a nursing home than nonparticipants (hazard ratio 0.50 [0.32–0.79]). For hospitalizations and mortality, no associations were found. Conclusions For half of the comparisons, differences between participants and nonparticipants were observed. The RCT’s generalizability is limited, but to a smaller extent than one would expect because of the low response. Routine data provide a valuable source for investigating potential differences between trial participants and nonparticipants, which might be used by future RCTs to evaluate the generalizability of their findings. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00013517. Retrospectively registered on June 11, 2018. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06470-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Herzberg
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sonja Kapp
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephan Kloep
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Competence Center for Clinical Trials, University of Bremen, Linzer Straße 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ina Nitschke
- Division of Gerodontology, Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Science, University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstraße 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius Haffner
- Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Städtisches Klinikum Harlaching München, Sanatoriumsplatz 2, 81545, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Hoffmann
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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Schmidt A, Gand D, Zemke A, Kloep S, Schmiemann G, Wolf-Ostermann K, Gerhardus A, Rothgang H, Czwikla J. Zentrale Problemfelder der medizinischen Versorgung in Pflegeheimen. Das Gesundheitswesen 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Schmidt
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung
| | - D Gand
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung
| | - A Zemke
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung
| | - S Kloep
- Universität Bremen, Kompetenzzentrum für klinische Studien Bremen
| | - G Schmiemann
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung
| | - K Wolf-Ostermann
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung
| | - A Gerhardus
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung
| | - H Rothgang
- Universität Bremen, SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik
| | - J Czwikla
- Universität Bremen, SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik
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Bachmann CJ, Czwikla J, Jacobs H, Fegert JM, Hoffmann F. Prävalenz und Versorgung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung in Deutschland: Eine bundesweite Auswertung von Krankenkassendaten aus den Jahren 2008 und 2017. Psychiatr Prax 2021; 48:316-323. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1347-5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Gewinnung von Daten zur Prävalenz sowie medizinischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung von Menschen mit PTBS in Deutschland.
Methodik Aus Sekundärdaten der BARMER wurde die Prävalenz von PTBS-Diagnosen (ICD-10: F43.1) sowie psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten, Psychotherapie und Pharmakotherapie für diese Versichertengruppe abgeleitet. Ergänzend wurden Prävalenztrends (2008 vs. 2017) berechnet.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2017 lag die PTBS-Diagnoseprävalenz bei 0,7 % (Frauen: 0,9 %; Männer: 0,4 %); gegenüber 0,3 % in 2008. 74,4 % aller Versicherten mit PTBS-Diagnose erhielten ambulante Psychotherapie, 43,6 % erhielten Antidepressiva (meistverordnet: Venlafaxin) und 14,4 % Antipsychotika (häufigste Substanz: Quetiapin).
Schlussfolgerung Im untersuchten Zeitraum hat sich die Diagnosehäufigkeit von PTBS mehr als verdoppelt. Sie liegt jedoch weiterhin unter der in epidemiologischen Studien ermittelten Prävalenz, was auf Potenzial für eine verbesserte diagnostische Erkennung von PTBS hindeutet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- Abteilung Ambulante Versorgung und Pharmakoepidemiologie, Department für Versorgungsforschung, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
| | - Hannes Jacobs
- Abteilung Ambulante Versorgung und Pharmakoepidemiologie, Department für Versorgungsforschung, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Falk Hoffmann
- Abteilung Ambulante Versorgung und Pharmakoepidemiologie, Department für Versorgungsforschung, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
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Schulz M, Tsiasioti C, Czwikla J, Schwinger A, Gand D, Schmidt A, Schmiemann G, Wolf-Ostermann K, Rothgang H. Claims data analysis of medical specialist utilization among nursing home residents and community-dwelling older people. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:690. [PMID: 32711516 PMCID: PMC7382069 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most older people, and especially those in need of long-term care, suffer from one or more chronic diseases. Consequently, older people have an increased need of medical care, including specialist care. There is little evidence as yet whether older people with greater medical care needs obtain adequate medical care because existing studies do not sufficiently control for differences in morbidity. In this study we investigate whether differences in medical specialist utilization exist between older people with and without assessed long-term care need in line with Book XI of the German Social Code, while at the same time controlling for individual differences in morbidity. METHODS We used data from the 11 German AOK Statutory Health and Long-term Care Insurance funds of 100,000 members aged 60 years or over. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses were applied to investigate whether the need for long-term care and the long-term care setting are associated with the probability and number of specialist visits. We controlled for age, gender, morbidity and mortality, residential density, and general practitioner (GP) utilization. RESULTS Older people in need of long-term care are more likely to have no specialist visit than people without the need for long-term care. This applies to nearly all medical specialties and for both care settings. Yet, despite these differences in utilization probability the number of specialist medical care visits between older people with and without the need for long-term care is similar. CONCLUSION Older people in need of long-term care might face access barriers to specialist care. Once a contact is established, however, utilization does not differ considerably between those who need long-term care and those who don't; this indicates the importance of securing an initial contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Schulz
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jonas Czwikla
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Schwinger
- WIdO - AOK Research Institute, P.O. Box 11 02 46, 10832 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Gand
- High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Guido Schmiemann
- High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Karin Wolf-Ostermann
- High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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10
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Schulz M, Czwikla J, Tsiasioti C, Schwinger A, Gand D, Schmiemann G, Schmidt A, Wolf-Ostermann K, Kloep S, Heinze F, Rothgang H. Differences in medical specialist utilization among older people in need of long-term care - results from German health claims data. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:22. [PMID: 32033606 PMCID: PMC7006141 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-1130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly in need of long-term care tend to have worse health and have higher need of medical care than elderly without need for long-term care. Yet, characteristics associated with long-term care need can impede health care access: Higher levels of long-term care need come with physical and cognitive decline such as frailty and memory loss. Yet, it has not been investigated whether level of long-term care need is related to medical care utilization. METHODS We investigated the association between the level of long-term care and medical specialist utilization among nursing home residents and home care recipients. We applied zero-inflated Poisson regression with robust standard errors based on a sample of statutory health insurance members. The sample consisted of 100.000 elderly over age 60. We controlled for age, gender, morbidity and mortality, residential density, and general practitioner utilization. RESULTS We found a strong gradient effect of the level of long-term care for 9 out of 12 medical specialties: A higher level of long-term care need was associated with a lower probability of having a medical specialist visit. Yet, we did not find clear effects of the level of long-term care need on the intensity of medical specialist care. These findings were similar for both the nursing home and home care setting. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that inequalities in medical specialist utilization exist between elderly with differing levels of long-term care need because differences in morbidity were controlled for. Elderly with higher need of long-term care might face more access barriers to specialist medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Schulz
- University of Bremen, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- University of Bremen, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Tsiasioti
- Research Institute of the Local Health Care Funds (WIdO), P.O. Box 11 02 46, 10832 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Schwinger
- Research Institute of the Local Health Care Funds (WIdO), P.O. Box 11 02 46, 10832 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Gand
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Competence Center for Clinical Trials (KKSB), Linzer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Guido Schmiemann
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Competence Center for Clinical Trials (KKSB), Linzer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Competence Center for Clinical Trials (KKSB), Linzer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Karin Wolf-Ostermann
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Competence Center for Clinical Trials (KKSB), Linzer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephan Kloep
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, High-Profile Area Health Sciences, Bremen, Germany
| | - Franziska Heinze
- University of Bremen, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- University of Bremen, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Langner I, Riedel O, Czwikla J, Heinze F, Rothgang H, Zeeb H, Haug U. Linkage of Routine Data to Other Data Sources in Germany: A Practical Example Illustrating Challenges and Solutions. Gesundheitswesen 2019; 82:S117-S121. [PMID: 31791067 DOI: 10.1055/a-0999-5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Routine data have a high potential for epidemiological and health care research but lack information, for instance, on the cause of death. Often detailed information, such as on lifestyle factors is also missing. In Germany, obtaining the missing information by linkage to data sources is challenging, mainly due to strict data protection regulations. One key challenge arises from the fact that routine data users usually have no access to person identifiers which would be necessary for record linkage. A second key challenge is that sensitive information (i. e., the cause of death) should not be transferred to an institution that holds person identifiers. In this paper, we illustrate these key challenges and present corresponding solutions based on a practical example where claims data from statutory health insurance providers are linked to an epidemiological cancer registry to obtain cause of death information. We describe the approval procedures necessary for the record linkage, the dataflow between the involved institutions and explain the rationale of the dataflow in view of the key challenges. Finally, we generalize the questions that need to be addressed when a record linkage is planned and point to additional potential challenges. Overall, we illustrate that a linkage between routine data and other data sources in Germany is feasible, but specific restrictions and hurdles need to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Langner
- Klinische Epidemiologie, Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Bremen
| | - Oliver Riedel
- Klinische Epidemiologie, Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Bremen
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Universität Bremen, Bremen.,Wissenschaftsschwerpunkt Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen
| | - Franziska Heinze
- SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Universität Bremen, Bremen.,Wissenschaftsschwerpunkt Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Universität Bremen, Bremen.,Wissenschaftsschwerpunkt Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Wissenschaftsschwerpunkt Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen.,Abt. Prävention und Evaluation, Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie, Bremen
| | - Ulrike Haug
- Klinische Epidemiologie, Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Bremen.,Wissenschaftsschwerpunkt Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen
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12
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Czwikla J, Urbschat I, Kieschke J, Schüssler F, Langner I, Hoffmann F. Assessing and Explaining Geographic Variations in Mammography Screening Participation and Breast Cancer Incidence. Front Oncol 2019; 9:909. [PMID: 31620366 PMCID: PMC6759661 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating geographic variations in mammography screening participation and breast cancer incidence help improve prevention strategies to reduce the burden of breast cancer. This study examined the suitability of health insurance claims data for assessing and explaining geographic variations in mammography screening participation and breast cancer incidence at the district level. Based on screening unit data (1,181,212 mammography screening events), cancer registry data (13,241 incident breast cancer cases) and claims data (147,325 mammography screening events; 1,778 incident breast cancer cases), screening unit and claims-based standardized participation ratios (SPR) of mammography screening as well as cancer registry and claims-based standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of breast cancer between 2011 and 2014 were estimated for the 46 districts of the German federal state of Lower Saxony. Bland-Altman analyses were performed to benchmark claims-based SPR and SIR against screening unit and cancer registry data. Determinants of district-level variations were investigated at the individual and contextual level using claims-based multilevel logistic regression analysis. In claims and benchmark data, SPR showed considerable variations and SIR hardly any. Claims-based estimates were between 0.13 below and 0.14 above (SPR), and between 0.36 below and 0.36 above (SIR) the benchmark. Given the limited suitability of health insurance claims data for assessing geographic variations in breast cancer incidence, only mammography screening participation was investigated in the multilevel analysis. At the individual level, 10 of 31 Elixhauser comorbidities were negatively and 11 positively associated with mammography screening participation. Age and comorbidities did not contribute to the explanation of geographic variations. At the contextual level, unemployment rate was negatively and the proportion of employees with an academic degree positively associated with mammography screening participation. Unemployment, income, education, foreign population and type of district explained 58.5% of geographic variations. Future studies should combine health insurance claims data with individual data on socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle factors, psychological factors, quality of life and health literacy as well as contextual data on socioeconomic characteristics and accessibility of mammography screening. This would allow a comprehensive investigation of geographic variations in mammography screening participation and help to further improve prevention strategies for reducing the burden of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Iris Urbschat
- Epidemiological Cancer Registry of Lower Saxony, Registry Unit Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Kieschke
- Epidemiological Cancer Registry of Lower Saxony, Registry Unit Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schüssler
- Institute for Applied Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, Jade University of Applied Sciences Wilhelmshaven/Oldenburg/Elsfleth, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Langner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Falk Hoffmann
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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13
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Czwikla J, Schulz M, Heinze F, Kalwitzki T, Gand D, Schmidt A, Tsiasioti C, Schwinger A, Kloep S, Schmiemann G, Wolf-Ostermann K, Gerhardus A, Rothgang H. Needs-based provision of medical care to nursing home residents: protocol for a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025614. [PMID: 31471429 PMCID: PMC6720143 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nursing home residents typically have greater needs for medical care than community-dwelling elderly. However, restricted cognitive abilities and limited mobility may impede their access to general practitioners and medical specialists. The provision of medical care in nursing homes may therefore be inappropriate in some areas of medical care. The purpose of this mixed-methods study is to systematically assess, evaluate and explain met and unmet medical care needs in German nursing homes and to develop solutions where medical care is found to be inappropriate. METHODS AND ANALYSIS First, statutory health insurance claims data are analysed to identify differences in the utilisation of medical care between nursing home residents and community-dwelling elderly with and without need for long-term care. Second, the health status and medical care of 500 nursing home residents are assessed and evaluated to quantify met and unmet medical care needs. Third, qualitative expert interviews and case conferences and, fourth, quantitative analyses of linked data are used to provide structural, case-specific and generalisable explanations of inappropriate medical care among nursing home residents. Fifth, a modified Delphi study is employed to develop pilot projects aiming to improve medical care in nursing homes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Bremen on 23 November 2017. Research findings are disseminated through presentations at national and international conferences and publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00012383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maike Schulz
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Franziska Heinze
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalwitzki
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Gand
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department for Health Care Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Kloep
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Competence Center for Clinical Trials (KKSB), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Guido Schmiemann
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Wolf-Ostermann
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department for Health Care Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Gerhardus
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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14
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Langner I, Ohlmeier C, Haug U, Hense HW, Czwikla J, Zeeb H. Implementation of an algorithm for the identification of breast cancer deaths in German health insurance claims data: a validation study based on a record linkage with administrative mortality data. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026834. [PMID: 31350240 PMCID: PMC6661554 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adapt a Canadian algorithm for the identification of female cases of breast cancer (BC) deaths to German health insurance claims data and to test and validate the algorithm by comparing results with official cause of death (CoD) data on the individual and the population level. DESIGN Validation study, secondary data, medical claims. SETTING Claims data of two statutory health insurance providers (SHIs) for inpatient and outpatient care, CoD added via record linkage with epidemiological cancer registry (ECR).ParticipantsAll women insured with the two SHIs and who deceased in the period 2006-2013, were residents of North Rhine Westphalia (NRW) and were linked with ECR data: n=22 413. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Based on inpatient and outpatient diagnoses in the year before death, six algorithms were derived and the accordance of the algorithm-based CoD with the official CoD was evaluated calculating specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV). Furthermore, algorithm-based age-specific BC mortality rates covering several calendar years were calculated for the entire insured female population and compared with official national rates. RESULTS Our final algorithm, derived from the NRW subsample, comprised codes indicating the presence of BC, metastases, a terminal illness phase and the absence of codes for other tumours. Overall, specificity, sensitivity, NPV and PPV of this algorithm were 97.4%, 91.3%, 98.9% and 81.7%, respectively. In the age range 40-80 years, sensitivity and PPV slightly decreased with increasing age. Algorithm-based age-specific BC mortality rates agreed well with official rates except for the age group 85 years and older. CONCLUSIONS The algorithm-based identification of BC deaths in German claims data is feasible and valid, except for higher ages. The algorithm to ascertain BC mortality rates in an epidemiological study seems applicable when information on the official CoD is not available in the original database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Langner
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Haug
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Research Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Hense
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- State Cancer Registry North Rhine Westphalia, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Czwikla
- High-Profile Research Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- High-Profile Research Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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15
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Czwikla J, Giersiepen K, Langner I, Enders D, Heinze F, Rothgang H, Haug U, Zeeb H, Hense HW. A cohort study of mammography screening finds that comorbidity measures are insufficient for controlling selection bias. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 104:1-7. [PMID: 30075187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the potential of claims-based comorbidity measures for controlling selection bias in observational studies of mammography screening. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Based on claims data of a large German Statutory Health Insurance fund, the single comorbidities considered by the Charlson, Elixhauser, Multipurpose Australian Comorbidity Scoring System, and M3 comorbidity measures were identified for mammography screening participants and nonparticipants. Total death rates within 4 years after screening invitation were compared. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed unadjusted and adjusted for age, federal state of residence, and comorbidity. RESULTS Among 1,247,919 insured women aged 50-68 years (56.2% participants), 10,311 participants (death rate 375.8/100,000 person-years) and 18,113 nonparticipants (death rate 854.8/100,000 person-years) died from any cause during the follow-up. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death from any cause for participants vs. nonparticipants was 0.44 (99.9% confidence interval 0.42-0.46). Adjustments attenuated the HR to a maximum of 0.52 (0.50-0.54). CONCLUSION The lower short-term all-cause mortality among participants cannot be explained by mammography screening effects and should be interpreted as selection bias. Adjusting for comorbidities only slightly attenuated this bias. Future studies should examine whether claims data include further information that is beneficial to adequately control selection bias in observational studies of mammography screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany; High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Giersiepen
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany; High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ingo Langner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dirk Enders
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Franziska Heinze
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany; High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rothgang
- Department of Health, Long-Term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Mary-Somerville-Straße 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany; High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Haug
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- High-Profile Area of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 D3, 48149 Münster, Germany
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16
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Czwikla J, Gansefort D, Brand T, Zeeb H, Rothgang H. Teilnahmeeffekte und Kosten von Capacity Building im Kontext eines individuellen Bewegungsprogramms für ältere Menschen. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Czwikla
- Universität Bremen, SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - D Gansefort
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie – BIPS, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - T Brand
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie – BIPS, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - H Zeeb
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie – BIPS, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - H Rothgang
- Universität Bremen, SOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik, Bremen, Deutschland
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Czwikla J, Jobski K, Schink T. The impact of the lookback period and definition of confirmatory events on the identification of incident cancer cases in administrative data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2017; 17:122. [PMID: 28806932 PMCID: PMC5556662 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This cohort study examined the impact of the lengths of lookback and confirmation periods as well as the definition of confirmatory events on the number of incident cancer cases identified and age-standardized cumulative incidences (ACI) estimated in administrative data using German cancer registry data as a benchmark. Methods ACI per 100,000 insured persons for breast, prostate and colorectal cancer were estimated using BARMER Statutory Health Insurance claims data. Incident cancer cases were defined as having an in- or outpatient diagnosis in 2013, no diagnosis in a lookback period of 1 year and a second diagnosis (or death) in a confirmation period of 1 quarter. We varied lookback periods from 1 to 7 years, confirmation periods from 1 to 4 quarters as well as the definition of confirmatory events and compared ACI estimates to cancer registry data. Results ACI were higher for breast (138.7) and prostate (103.6) but lower for colorectal cancer (42.1) when compared to cancer registries (119.3, 98.0 and 45.5, respectively). Extending the lookback period to 7 years reduced ACI to 129.0, 95.1 and 38.3. An extended confirmation period of 4 quarters increased ACI to 151.3, 114.9 and 46.8. Including breast and colorectal surgeries as a confirmatory event reduced ACI to 114.9 and 37.1, respectively. Conclusions The choice of lookback and confirmation periods and the definition of confirmatory events have considerable impact on the number of incident cancer cases identified and ACI estimated. Researchers need to be aware of potential misclassification when identifying incident cancer cases in administrative data. Further validation studies as well as studies using administrative data to estimate cancer incidences should consider several choices of the lookback and confirmation periods and the definition of confirmatory events to show how these parameters impact the validity and robustness of their results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0407-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Czwikla
- Department of Health, Long-term Care and Pensions, SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, 28334, Bremen, Germany. .,High-Profile Area Health Sciences, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Jobski
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, P.O. Box 2503, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tania Schink
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Drug Safety Unit, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Czwikla J, Domhoff D, Giersiepen K. ICD-Codierqualität ambulanter Krebsdiagnosen in GKV-Routinedaten. Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen 2016; 118-119:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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