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Tai CC, Huang CC, Chou BH, Chen CY, Chen SY, Huang YH, Sun JS, Chao YH. Profiled polyethylene terephthalate filaments that incorporate collagen and calcium phosphate enhance ligamentisation and bone formation. Eur Cell Mater 2022; 43:252-266. [PMID: 35652679 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v043a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments offer an unlimited source of ligaments without donor-site-related morbidity and with good mechanical properties for a rapid return to sporting activities. Developing PET artificial ligaments with excellent ligamentisation and ligament-bone healing is still a considerable challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the profiled PET/collagen/calcium phosphate (PET/C/CaP) ligament upon cell growth, ligamentisation and ligament-bone healing in vitro and in vivo. Profiled PET/C/CaP filaments were made by melt-spinning process with 2 % CaP hybrid spinning and collagen coating. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on the profiled PET/C filaments for cytotoxicity, viability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ligament-related gene expression analysis. MSCs' osteogenic capacity on the profiled PET/CaP filaments was identified by detecting osteogenic gene expression and alizarin red S staining. For in vivo verification, an animal study was performed to evaluate the effect of the profiled PET/C/CaP ligament in a rabbit knee medial collateral ligament reinforcement reconstruction model. The graft ligamentisation and bone formation were investigated by SEM, histology, microcomputed tomography and mechanical tests. The profiled PET/C filaments enhanced MSC proliferation and ligament-related gene expression. Furthermore, they enhanced osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralisation of MSCs. The in vivo study indicated that the profiled PET/C/CaP ligament enhanced ligamentous matrix remodelling and bone formation. Therefore, their use is an effective strategy for promoting MSCs' ligamentous and osteogenic potential in vitro and enhancing ligamentous matrix remodelling and bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Y-H Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University No. 17, Xuzhou Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10055,
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Chung WY, Lee KS, Park JH, Jung YJ, Sheen SS, Park JE, Sun JS, Ko YH, Park KJ. TB Antigen-Stimulated CXCR3 Ligand Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18158020. [PMID: 34360313 PMCID: PMC8345678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TB-LAP) is challenging. We evaluated the role of blood CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) ligands in its diagnosis. A total of 65 lymphadenopathy patients were enrolled and lymph node sampling was performed. We also recruited 113 control subjects, consisting of 27 with positive results and 86 with negative results, in the interferon (IFN)-γ release assay (IGRA). In all study subjects, whole-blood samples were collected using the IGRA methodology. After incubation, plasma levels of IFN-γ and two CXCR3 ligands, IFN-inducible T-cell a chemoattractant (I-TAC) and monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG), were measured using immunoassay. Fifty-three TB-LAP patients were enrolled. TB antigen-stimulated IFN-γ, I-TAC, and MIG levels were all significantly higher in the TB-LAP patients than in the controls and non-TB-LAP patients. The levels of I-TAC and MIG, but not IFN-γ, showed significant differences between the TB-LAP patients and IGRA-positive controls. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of IFN-γ, I-TAC, and MIG were 0.955, 0.958, and 0.959, respectively, for differentiating TB-LAP from control group, and were 0.912, 0.956, and 0.936, respectively, for differentiating TB-LAP from non-TB-LAP. In conclusion, the TB antigen-stimulated MIG and I-TAC could be useful biomarkers in the diagnosis of TB-LAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wou-Young Chung
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Keu-Sung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Joo-Hun Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Yun-Jung Jung
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Seung-Soo Sheen
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Joo-Sung Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Young-Hwa Ko
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Joo Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea; (W.-Y.C.); (K.-S.L.); (J.-H.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-S.S.); (J.-E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-5120
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Sun JS, Tian QH, Zhao L, Wang JF, Bi J, Shi MS. Genetic Polymorphisms of 18 Autosomal STR loci in Changsha Han Population. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 34:526-531. [PMID: 30468057 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 18 autosomal short tandem repeats (STR) loci in Changsha Han population, and explore the population genetic relationships and evaluate its application value in forensic medicine. METHODS The DNA of 2 004 unrelated individuals in Changsha Han population were amplified using Goldeneye®DNA ID System BASIC, and the PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis using 3130xl genetic analyzer. The fragment sizes of alleles were analyzed subsequently by GeneMapper® ID v3.2. The frequency data and forensic genetic parameters [observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), power of discrimination (DP) and polymorphic information content (PIC)] of 18 STR loci were statistically analyzed. Total probability of discrimination (TDP), probability of exclusion in trio cases (PEtrio) and probability of exclusion in duo cases (PEduo) were calculated by Cervus 3.0. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium of the loci were detected by Arlequin v3.5. The results were compared with the available data of other populations from different races and regions. RESULTS The power of discrimination (DP), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) of each locus of Changsha Han population ranged from 0.783 6 to 0.987 9 and 0.549 4 to 0.914 5, respectively. The TDP, cumulative probability of exclusion in trio cases (CPEtrio) and cumulative probability of exclusion in duo cases (CPEduo) were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 865 2, 0.999 999 979 and 0.999 988 325, respectively. According to the Nei's DA genetic distance, the genetic distance between Changsha Han and Hunan Han populations was the smallest (0.014 1), while it was the largest (0.041 8) between Changsha Han and Xinjiang Kazakh populations. CONCLUSIONS The 18 STR loci shows abundant genetic polymorphisms in Changsha Han population. The study of genetic diversity among different populations has an important meaning for the research of their origins, migrations and their relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Institute of Forensic Science, Changsha Public Security Bureau, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Q H Tian
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
| | - L Zhao
- Institute of Forensic Science, Changsha Public Security Bureau, Changsha 410000, China
| | - J F Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
| | - J Bi
- Beijing Mingzheng Forensic Identification Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - M S Shi
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
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Xu ZF, Sun JS, Zhang XH, Feng YY, Pan AZ, Gao MY, Zhao H. Microstructural visual pathway abnormalities in patients with primary glaucoma: 3 T diffusion kurtosis imaging study. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:591.e9-591.e15. [PMID: 29459137 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate microstructural visual pathway damage in patients with primary glaucoma (PG) by using 3 T diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the ethics committee, and all participants provided written informed consent. Ten patients with PG were examined. Twenty healthy individuals served as control subjects. DKI was performed with a GE Silent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean kurtosis (MK) maps were automatically created. Mean MK, MD, and FA values were calculated for each part of the visual pathway. RESULTS No abnormalities in the shape and signal intensity were observed along the entire visual pathway in patients and the control group on the conventional MRI. Higher MD, and lower MK and FA were observed in the optic nerves (ON), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), optic radiations (OR), and visual cortex (VCx) of PG patients, as compared with control subjects. A significantly higher MD was observed in the ON (p<0.01), and significantly lower FA was observed in OR (p<0.05). Additionally, significantly lower MK was observed in the ON, LGN, and VCx, except for OR (p<0.01). Changes of DKI parameters in the ON were the most distinct. CONCLUSION Glaucoma is a complex neurological disease that affects the entire visual pathway. MK derived from DKI would be a better biomarkers than FA and MD in detecting microstructural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guagndong, 528000, China.
| | - J S Sun
- Department of Radiology, The LeCong Hospital of ShunDe, Guagndong, 528000, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guagndong, 528000, China
| | - Y Y Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guagndong, 528000, China
| | - A Z Pan
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guagndong, 528000, China
| | - M Y Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guagndong, 528000, China
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guagndong, 528000, China
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Ren LJ, Song XY, Sun JS, Sun XQ. [Analysis of adverse reaction induced by articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection in 75 cases]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 53:107-110. [PMID: 29429229 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the causes and clinical manifestation of adverse reaction of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the adverse drug reactions (ADR) of local anesthetic articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection. Results: In 75 cases of adverse reactions, there were 40 cases of female and 35 cases of male. Adverse reactions occured more frequently at the age of 3-10 [33% (25/75)] and 1-10 min and one day after injection, respectively accounting for 20% (15/75), and two days, accounting for 15% (15/75), 10-21 days accounting for 8% (6/75). The main manifestations were injection site ulcers, followed by skin reactions such as pain, swelling, necrosis and pruritus at the injection site. Conclusions: The main adverse reactions of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection are the injection site ulceration, followed by injection site pain, rash, pruritus and drowsiness, nausea and dizziness, palpitations, sweat and hypotension. Doctors should ask the medical history in detail and pay close attention to the patient's medication safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, Yantai Shandong 264000, China
| | - X Y Song
- School of Pharmacy in Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264000, China
| | - J S Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, Yantai Shandong 264000, China
| | - X Q Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, Yantai Shandong 264000, China
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Le Tourneau C, Dreno B, Kirova Y, Grob JJ, Jouary T, Dutriaux C, Thomas L, Lebbé C, Mortier L, Saiag P, Avril MF, Maubec E, Joly P, Bey P, Cosset JM, Sun JS, Asselain B, Devun F, Marty ME, Dutreix M. First-in-human phase I study of the DNA-repair inhibitor DT01 in combination with radiotherapy in patients with skin metastases from melanoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1199-205. [PMID: 27140316 PMCID: PMC4891504 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DT01 is a DNA-repair inhibitor preventing recruitment of DNA-repair enzymes at damage sites. Safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy through intratumoural and peritumoural injections of DT01 were evaluated in combination with radiotherapy in a first-in-human phase I trial in patients with unresectable skin metastases from melanoma. METHODS Twenty-three patients were included and received radiotherapy (30 Gy in 10 sessions) on all selected tumour lesions, comprising of two lesions injected with DT01 three times a week during the 2 weeks of radiotherapy. DT01 dose levels of 16, 32, 48, 64 and 96 mg were used, in a 3+3 dose escalation design, with an expansion cohort at 96 mg. RESULTS The median follow-up was 180 days. All patients were evaluable for safety and pharmacokinetics. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed and the maximum-tolerated dose was not reached. Most frequent adverse events were reversible grades 1 and 2 injection site reactions. Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated a systemic passage of DT01. Twenty-one patients were evaluable for efficacy on 76 lesions. Objective response was observed in 45 lesions (59%), including 23 complete responses (30%). CONCLUSIONS Intratumoural and peritumoural DT01 in combination with radiotherapy is safe and pharmacokinetic analyses suggest a systemic passage of DT01.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Tourneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud 75005, France.,EA7285, Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Versailles 78000, France
| | - B Dreno
- CHU de Nantes-Hôtel Dieu, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Y Kirova
- Radiotherapy Department, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - J J Grob
- La Timone Hospital-APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13385, France
| | - T Jouary
- Dermatology department, Saint-André Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - C Dutriaux
- Dermatology department, Saint-André Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - L Thomas
- Lyon Sud Hospital Center, Lyon 1 University, Pierre Benite 69495, France
| | - C Lebbé
- Saint-Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris 75010, France
| | - L Mortier
- Dermatology department, CHRU of Lille, Lille 59037, France
| | - P Saiag
- Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne Billancourt 92104, France
| | - M F Avril
- Cochin hospital, APHP, Paris 75014, France
| | - E Maubec
- Bichat Hospital, Paris 75877, France
| | - P Joly
- CHU Rouen, Charles-Nicolle, Rouen 76000, France
| | - P Bey
- Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - J M Cosset
- Radiotherapy Department, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - J S Sun
- DNA Therapeutics, Evry 91058, France
| | - B Asselain
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - F Devun
- DNA Therapeutics, Evry 91058, France.,Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
| | - M E Marty
- Saint-Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris 75010, France
| | - M Dutreix
- Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France.,CNRS-UMR3347, INSERM-U1021, Paris-Sud University, Orsay 91405, France
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Sheen S, Sun JS, Park JH, Oh YM, Ki SK, Kim K, Park SB, Kim BT, Lee M, Jung YJ, Chung WY, Lee KS, Park KJ, Hwang SC. Unique features of non-obstructive emphysema and pure airway obstruction. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:109-16. [PMID: 24365562 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Emphysema without airway obstruction or airway obstruction without emphysema are often detected clinically, although they are commonly co-existent. We therefore tested the hypothesis that non-obstructive emphysema and pure airway obstruction have unique features. METHODS A case-control observation study was undertaken retrospectively in a patient cohort at a single centre. Among 2662 subjects who underwent chest computed tomography and pulmonary function tests, we enrolled 90 patients with non-obstructive emphysema, 119 with pure airway obstruction, 81 with obstructive emphysema and 2031 subjects as normal controls. The features of the four groups were analysed and compared. RESULTS Higher serum homocysteine (13.4 ± 7.4 vs. 11.6 ± 4.6 mol/l), higher rate of osteoporosis (15.8% vs. 4.5%), higher leukocyte count, higher male ratio, lower serum albumin and lower body mass index were observed in subjects with non-obstructive emphysema than in controls (P < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis of groups without airway obstruction, osteoporosis, hyperhomocysteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and higher leukocyte count were independent factors associated with non-obstructive emphysema (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hyperhomocysteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, osteoporosis and higher leukocyte count were independent predictors of non-obstructive emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sheen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-M Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Ki
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Park
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - B T Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Jung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - W Y Chung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K J Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim T, Choi BJ, Kang DK, Sun JS. Assessment of myocardial viability using multidetector computed tomography in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction. Clin Radiol 2012; 67:754-65. [PMID: 22749383 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prognostic value of 64-section multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to predict follow-up myocardial dysfunction and functional recovery after reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) as defined by echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS After reperfusion therapy for acute MI, 71 patients underwent two-phase contrast-enhanced MDCT and follow-up echocardiography. MDCT findings were compared with echocardiographic findings using kappa statistics. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and the odds ratios (ORs) of early perfusion defects (EPD), delayed enhancement (DE), and residual perfusion defects (RPD) for predicting follow-up myocardial dysfunction and functional recovery were calculated on a segmental basis. RESULTS The presence of transmural EPD (EPD(TM)) or RPD showed good agreement (k = 0.611 and 0.658, respectively) with follow-up myocardial dysfunction, while subendocardial EPD (EPD(sub)) or subendocardial DE (DE(sub)) showed fair agreement with follow-up myocardial dysfunction (k = 0.235 and 0.234, respectively). The AUC of RPD (0.796) was superior (p < 0.001 and 0.031, respectively) to those of EPD(TM) (0.761) and DE(TM) (0.771). The presence of EPD(TM), DE(TM), and RPD were significant, independent positive predictors of follow-up myocardial dysfunction (OR = 6.4, 1.9, and 9.8, respectively). EPD(TM) was a significant, independent negative predictor of myocardial functional recovery (OR = 0.13). CONCLUSION Abnormal myocardial attenuation on two-phase MDCT after reperfusion therapy may provide promising information regarding myocardial viability in patients with acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Solass W, Herbette A, Schwarz T, Hetzel A, Sun JS, Dutreix M, Reymond MA. Therapeutic approach of human peritoneal carcinomatosis with Dbait in combination with capnoperitoneum. Zentralbl Chir 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Long Y, Chen J, Liu YG, Nie FD, Sun JS. A direct method to calculate thermal conductivity and its application in solid HMX. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:185404. [PMID: 21393685 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/18/185404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The calculation of thermal conductivity for complex material systems is a challenging problem in computational materials science. Its key point is to calculate heat flux. In this work, we derive a concise formula for this purpose based on the equation of motion and then use it to study the thermal conduction properties of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), which is a widely used plastic-bonded explosive (PBX). The results are in fair agreement with experiments and show a distinct thermal conduction anisotropy for HMX single crystals. Then we investigate some key issues of thermal conductivity, such as its temperature-dependence and composition-dependence. A series of interesting results are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Long
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, PO Box 8009, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue with a well-balanced homeostasis preserved by both formation and resorption of bone. Normal turnover of bone, however, can be upset by either increased osteoclast activity or decreased osteoblast function; either mechanism alone or both may result in a net loss of bone. Both osteoclasts and osteoblasts could be stimulated by mechanical stimulation in vitro, and it is assumed that this process may occur in vivo as well. In this experiment, we investigated this hypothesis by examining the effects of ultrasound stimulation on osteoblast growth and cytokine release. With this model, we explored the mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteoblasts growth and upregulation of osteoclasts formation and function by cytokine release. The results showed that specific pulsed ultrasound exposure could enhance osteoblasts population together with increase in TGFbeta1 secretion and decrease in concentration of IL-6 and TNFalpha in the culture medium. Although, animal studies and clinical trial are needed to understand the real process in the whole body, ultrasound stimulation might be a good method for prevention of bone loss due to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Room 818, Building of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
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Arimondo PB, Bailly C, Boutorine AS, Ryabinin VA, Syniakov AN, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Directing topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage to specific sites by camptothecin tethered to minor- and major-groove ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 40:3045-8. [PMID: 12203644 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010817)40:16<3045::aid-anie3045>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2001] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The covalent linkage of a hairpin polyamide, which binds in the minor groove, to camptothecin provides an efficient system to direct topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage to specific sites. These conjugates are equally as potent at targeting the enzyme to a single site in a DNA fragment as camptothecin conjugates of ligands that bind in the major groove (triplex-forming oligonucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U201, UMR 8646 CNRS Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France, Fax: (+33) 1-40793705
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Abstract
Mechanical perturbations serve as extracellular signals to a variety of cells, including bone cells. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound produces significant multifunctional effects that are directly relevant to bone formation and resorption. Ultrasound stimulation has been shown to accelerate bone-defect healing and trabecular bone regeneration. In this study, we use an in vitro bone cell culture model to investigate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. The rat alveolar mononuclear cell-calvaria osteoblast coculture system was used in this study. Before treatment, the bone cells were cultured for 3 days to facilitate their attachment and differentiation. Then, ultrasound exposure (frequency = 1 MHz, intensity = 0.068 W/cm(2)) or sham exposure for 20 min per day was applied until the end of the experiment. Half of the culture media were obtained on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th days for the analysis of cytokines and biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment, cells were fixed and stained for identification and quantification of the osteoblast and osteoclast cells. After low-intensity pulse ultrasound stimulation, the osteoblast cell counts were significantly increased, whereas the osteoclast cell counts were significantly decreased. The total alkaline phosphatase amount in the culture medium was increased after 7 days of ultrasound stimulation, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in ultrasound-stimulated bone cells was significantly increased after the 7th day of culture and reached 474.77% of the control medium on the 10th day of culture. The results of this study suggest that low-intensity ultrasound treatment may have a stimulatory effect on bone-healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Abstract
It is known that the organic molecules can provide an effective means to manipulate the surface properties of the biodegradable ceramic. There are two ways to modify the surface of the biodegradable ceramic by organic molecules. The first one is through surface adsorption but organic molecules will easily be washed out in the physiological environment. The second approach is to graft organic molecules through covalent bond to the hydroxyl groups that are available on the surface of the ceramics. Isocyanate group has been reported as a coupling agent for hydroxyapatite and organic molecule. The studies showed that the isocyanate could react with hydroxyl groups of hydroxyapatite and form a covalent bond between isocyanate and hydroxyapatite. In the study, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) was used as coupling agent and calcium hydrogenphosphate (CaHPO4, CHP) was the candidate ceramic. CHP will react with HMDI at the temperature of 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C, 50 degrees C, 60 degrees C, and 70 degrees C for 4h. Dibutyltin dilaurate and hydroquinone were used as catalyst and inhibitor, respectively. The effect of reaction temperature on the grafted yield will be described. The linkage between CHP and HMDI will be characterized by DTA, TGA, FTIR, XRD, and 31P, 13C liquid state NMR. From the results, we successfully modified the surface of CHP with coupling agent of HMDI. The grafted yield of HMDI on CHP was increasing with the reaction temperature. The best temperature for CHP modified by HMDI is around 50 degrees C. The linkage between HMDI and the surface of CHP is a urethane linkage as CHP-O-CO-NH-(CH2)6-N=C=O. After further treatment, the terminal group of CHP treated with HMDI (MCHP) will be converted into a primary amine group as the formula of CHP-O-CO-NH-(CH2)6-NH2. If reaction temperature is 60 degrees C, long extension chain will occur with a urea linkage between the isocyanate groups as the formula of CHP-O-CO-NH-(CH2)6-(NH-CO-NH-(CH2)6)n-NH2. At reaction temperature higher than 60 degrees C, the HMDI will become prepolymerized forms in solution. The prepolymerized forms such as allophanate, biuret, uretidione and urea linkage will turn the solution into gel type mixture, which will lead to low grafted yield of HMDI on CHP. When MCHP prepared at the temperature 20 degrees C, there is no evidence of long extension but the grafted yield is the lowest only 0.9 wt% around.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University Chungli, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Baumruk V, Gouyette C, Huynh-Dinh T, Sun JS, Ghomi M. Comparison between CUUG and UUCG tetraloops: thermodynamic stability and structural features analyzed by UV absorption and vibrational spectroscopy. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:4089-96. [PMID: 11574692 PMCID: PMC60239 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.19.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2001] [Revised: 08/07/2001] [Accepted: 08/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CUUG loop is one of the most frequently occurring tetraloops in bacterial 16S rRNA. This tetraloop has a high thermodynamic stability as proved by previous UV absorption and NMR experiments. Here, we present our results concerning the thermodynamic and structural features of the 10mer 5'-r(GCG-CUUG-CGC)-3', forming a highly stable CUUG tetraloop hairpin in aqueous solution, by means of several optical techniques (UV and FT-IR absorption, Raman scattering). UV melting profile of this decamer provides a high melting temperature (60.7 degrees C). A set of Raman spectra recorded at different temperatures allowed us to analyze the order-to-disorder (hairpin-to-random coil) transition. Assignment of vibrational markers led us to confirm the particular nucleoside conformation, and to get information on the base stacking and base pairing in the hairpin structure. Moreover, comparison of the data obtained from two highly stable CUUG and UUCG tetraloops containing the same nucleotides but in a different order permitted an overall discussion of their structural features on the basis of Raman marker evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Baumruk
- Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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16
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Teulade-Fichou MP, Perrin D, Boutorine A, Polverari D, Vigneron JP, Lehn JM, Sun JS, Garestier T, Helene C. Direct photocleavage of HIV-DNA by quinacridine derivatives triggered by triplex formation. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:9283-92. [PMID: 11562210 DOI: 10.1021/ja0109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amino-p-quinacridine compounds (PQs) have been shown to stabilize strongly and specifically triple-helical DNA. Moreover, these derivatives display photoactive properties that make them efficient DNA cleavage agents. We exploited these two properties (triplex-specific binding and photoactivity) to selectively cleave a double-stranded (ds)DNA sequence present in the HIV-1 genome. Cleavage was first carried out on a linearized plasmid (3300 bp) containing the HIV polypurine tract (PPT) that allowed targeting by a triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO). PQ(3)(), the most active compound of the series, efficiently cleaved double-stranded DNA in the vicinity of the PPT when this sequence had formed a triplex with a 16-mer TFO. Investigation of the cleavage at the molecular level was addressed on a short DNA fragment (56 bp); the photoinduced cleavage by PQ(3)() occurred only in the presence of the triple helix. Nevertheless, unusual cleavage patterns were observed: damage was observed at guanines located 6-9 bp away from the end of the triple helical site. This cleavage is very efficient (up to 60%), does not require alkaline treatment, and is observed on both strands. A quinacridine-TFO conjugate produced the same cleavage pattern. This observation, along with others, excludes the hypothesis of a triplex-induced allosteric binding site of PQ(3 )()adjacent to the damaged sequence and indicates that PQ(3 )()preferentially binds in the vicinity of the 5'-triplex junction. Irradiation in the presence of TFO-conjugates with acridine (an intercalative agent) and with the tripeptide lys-tryp-lys led to a complete inhibition of the photocleavage reaction. These results are interpreted in terms of competitive binding and of electron-transfer quenching. Together with the findings of simple mechanistic investigations, they led to the conclusion that the photoinduced damage proceeds through a direct electron transfer between the quinacridine and the guanines. This study addresses the chemical mechanism leading to strand breakage and characterizes the particular photosensitivity of the HIV-DNA target sequence which could be an oxidative hot spot for addressed photoinduced strand scission by photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Teulade-Fichou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Interactions Moléculaires, Collège de France, CNRS UPR 285, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- C Escudé
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U201, CNRS UMR 8646, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
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18
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Guianvarc'h D, Benhida R, Fourrey JL, Maurisse R, Sun JS. Incorporation of a novel nucleobase allows stable oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation at the target sequence containing a purine.pyrimidine interruption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2001:1814-5. [PMID: 12240328 DOI: 10.1039/b103743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal denaturation experiments have established that an oligonucleotide incorporating the artificial nucleobase S, does form a stable triplex with a double stranded DNA which exhibits a pyrimidine interruption within the oligopurine sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guianvarc'h
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse 91198. Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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19
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Sun JS, Chang CH, Wu CC, Hou SM, Hang YS. Extra-articular deformity in distal radial fractures treated by external fixation. Can J Surg 2001; 44:289-94. [PMID: 11504263 PMCID: PMC3692662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the radiographic outcome in fractures of the distal radius treated with closed reduction and external fixation. DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING The orthopedic department of National Taiwan University Hospital. PATIENTS Eighty-five consecutive patients (36 female, 49 male), average age 48 years, with fractures of the distal radius seen between March 1995 and June 1998. INTERVENTIONS Closed reduction and external fixation of fractures, followed up by good-quality posteroanterior and lateral radiographs to evaluate healing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Radial height, radial inclination and volar tilt were measured on radiographs obtained initially, immediately postoperatively and at the time of removal of external fixation. Data were analyzed by the t-test. RESULTS Immediately after reduction and fixation, there was a significant improvement in the measurements of radial height and radial inclination. This improvement was gradually lost and height and inclination were significantly decreased at the time the external fixation device was removed. External fixation did not improve the volar tilt. CONCLUSION External fixation is a popular method to improve the reduction of osseous deformity but cannot effectively protect comminuted distal radial fractures from loss of reduction, which may be associated with shortening and redisplacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China.
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20
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Abstract
The cytotoxicity of the synthetic bone substitute composed of tricalcium phosphate and glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin (GTG) were evaluated by osteoblast cell culture. In a previous study, the GTG composites were soaked in distilled water for 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days, and then the solutions (or extracts) were cocultured with osteoblasts to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GTG composites by alive cell counting. In this study, the extracts were cocultured with the osteoblasts; thereafter, the concentration of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the medium was analyzed to strictly reflect the biological effects of GTG composites on the growth of osteoblasts. In order to investigate the osteoconductive potential of the GTG composites on new bone formation in a relative short term, a model of neonatal rat calvarial organ culture was designed prior to animal experiments. Three experimental materials of 4, 8, and 12% GTG composites were evaluated by fetal rat calvarial organ culture for their ability for bone regeneration. Deproteinized bovine and porcine cancellous bone matrixes were used as the controlled materials. All the organ culture units were maintained in cultured medium for 5 weeks. Following the culture period, the morphology of tissue was observed under an optical microscope, and the quantitative evaluation of the new generation bone was determined by using a semiautomatic histomorphometeric method. Except in the initial 4 days, the concentration of TGF-beta1 of 4% and 8% GTG composites was higher than that of the blank group for all the other experimental time periods. The PGE2 concentration for 4% and 8% GTG composites was lower than that of the blank group. It revealed that the 4% and 8% GTG composites would not lead to inflammation and would promote osteoblast growth. The morphology and activity of the osteoblasts were not transformed or changed by the 2 GTG composites. For the 12% GTG composite, the performance of the in vitro condition was inferior to the blank group and the other 2 GTG composites. Although the concentration of TGF-beta1 and PGE2 was gradually back to normal after 14 days, the morphology of the osteoblasts was abnormal with features such as contracted cytoplast structures. The osteoblast was damaged perhaps in the initial stage. We suggested that the 4% and 8% GTG composites should be soaked in distilled water at least for 4 days before medical applications. The 12% GTG composite and the composites with a concentration of glutaraldehyde solution higher than 12% were not recommended as a medical prostheses in any condition. The fetal rat calvaria culture also showed the same results with the analysis of TGF-beta1 and PGE2. From the study, we could predict the results of animal experiments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Arimondo PB, Bailly C, Boutorine AS, Moreau P, Prudhomme M, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Triple helix-forming oligonucleotides conjugated to indolocarbazole poisons direct topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage to a specific site. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:501-9. [PMID: 11459453 DOI: 10.1021/bc000162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I is an ubiquitous DNA-cleaving enzyme and an important therapeutic target in cancer chemotherapy for camptothecins as well as for indolocarbazole antibiotics such as rebeccamycin. To achieve a sequence-specific cleavage of DNA by topoisomerase I, a triple helix-forming oligonucleotide was covalently linked to indolocarbazole-type topoisomerase I poisons. The three indolocarbazole-oligonucleotide conjugates investigated were able to direct topoisomerase I cleavage at a specific site based upon sequence recognition by triplex formation. The efficacy of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage depends markedly on the intrinsic potency of the drug. We show that DNA cleavage depends also upon the length of the linker arm between the triplex-forming oligonucleotide and the drug. Based on a known structure of the DNA-topoisomerase I complex, a molecular model of the oligonucleotide conjugates bound to the DNA-topoisomerase I complex was elaborated to facilitate the design of a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor-oligonucleotide conjugate with an optimized linker between the two moieties. The resulting oligonucleotide-indolocarbazole conjugate at 10 nM induced cleavage at the triple helix site 2-fold more efficiently than 5 microM of free indolocarbazole, while the other drug-sensitive sites were not cleaved. The rational design of drug-oligonucleotide conjugates carrying a DNA topoisomerase poison may be exploited to improve the efficacy and selectivity of chemotherapeutic cancer treatments by targeting specific genes and reducing drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- INSERM U524 and Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret, IRCL, Place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
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22
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Liao CJ, Lin FH, Chen KS, Sun JS. Thermal decomposition and reconstruction of hydroxyapatite in air atmosphere. Biomed Sci Instrum 2001; 35:99-104. [PMID: 11143400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the decomposition and reconstruction behavior of hydroxyapatite (HAP) during heating and cooling in air atmosphere were studied. The commercial HAP were chosen and gradually heated to 1500 degrees C and cooled to room temperature by a program controlled SiC heated furnace. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis were used to investigate the change of crystalline phases and functional groups of HAP at different temperatures. Weight change of samples was recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) during heating and cooling. The results revealed that HAP would gradually release its OH- ions and transform into OHAP in the temperature of 1000-1360 degrees C. Above 1360 degrees C, the OHAP would decompose into TTCP and alpha TCP phase. The OH- stretching bands of HAP could be traced by FTIR even at the temperature of 1350 degrees C which was the eve of HAP decomposition. It reflected that the HAP did not dehydrate completely before decomposed. We speculated that some of OAP might be formed during dehydration and there were a great amount of OHAP still left in the system even up to the temperature of decomposition. In the temperature of 1400-1500 degrees C, there were no significant different in XRD patterns, only TTCP and alpha TCP crystalline phase were observed. When the HAP gradually cooled down from 1500 degrees C, a part of TTCP and alpha TCP would directly reconstruct into oxyapatite (OAP) around 1350 degrees C. OAP existed in the temperature of 1350 to 1300 degrees C during cooling. When the temperature down to 1290 degrees C, a part of TTCP and alpha TCP reconstructed into OHAP by rehydration reaction and OAP were rehydrated into OHAP as well. At 1100 degrees C, the rest of TTCP and alpha TCP would reconstitute into HAP. As the temperature decreased, the OHAP were gradually rehydrated and reconstituted into HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Arimondo PB, Garestier T, Hélène C, Sun JS. Detection of competing DNA structures by thermal gradient gel electrophoresis: from self-association to triple helix formation by (G,A)-containing oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:E15. [PMID: 11160935 PMCID: PMC29622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.4.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific recognition of DNA can be achieved by triple helix-forming oligonucleotides that bind to the major groove of double-helical DNA. These oligonucleotides have been used as sequence-specific DNA ligands for various purposes, including sequence-specific gene regulation in the so-called 'antigene strategy'. In particular, (G,A)-containing oligonucleotides can form stable triple helices under physiological conditions. However, triplex formation may be in competition with self-association of these oligonucleotides. For biological applications it would be interesting to identify the conditions under which one structure is favoured as compared to the other(s). Here we have directly studied competition between formation of a parallel (G,A) homoduplex and that of a triple helix by a 13 nt (G,A)-containing oligonucleotide. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis allows simultaneous detection of competition between the two structures, because of their different temperature dependencies and gel electrophoretic mobilities, and characterisation of this competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- Laboratoire de Biophysique UMR 8646 CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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24
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Arimondo PB, Riou JF, Mergny JL, Tazi J, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Interaction of human DNA topoisomerase I with G-quartet structures. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:4832-8. [PMID: 11121473 PMCID: PMC115246 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.24.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their role in the control of the topological state of DNA, topoisomerases are ubiquitous and vital enzymes, which participate in nearly all events related to DNA metabolism including replication and transcription. We show here that human topoisomerase I (Topo I) plays an unexpected role of 'molecular matchmaker' for G-quartet formation. G-quadruplexes are multi-stranded structures held together by square planes of four guanines ('G-quartets') interacting by forming Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. Topo I is able to promote the formation of four-stranded intermolecular DNA structures when added to single-stranded DNA containing a stretch of at least five guanines. We provide evidence that these complexes are parallel G-quartet structures, mediated by tetrads of hydrogen-bonded guanine. In addition, Topo I binds specifically to pre-formed parallel and anti-parallel G4-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS UMR 8646, INSERM U201, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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25
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Abstract
Cytokines produced by macrophages in the periprosthetic membranes surrounding joint replacements have been implicated as causal agents in osteolysis and prosthetic loosening. The present study characterizes the response of human peripheral blood monocytes to titanium particles. Monocytes were obtained from donated blood and were cultured in the presence of different-sized titanium particles. Exposure to titanium-aluminum-vanadium particles significantly changed the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), whereas there was no significant effect on the release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). When monocytes were cultured with particles, the titanium alloy particles induced significantly more release of TNF-alpha and less IL-1 secretion. Ciprofloxacin inhibited production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1, and PGE(2) in human monocytes exposed to titanium particles. In contrast to ciprofloxacin, indomethacin was not a potent inhibitor of TNF-alpha production but potentiated IL-6 production in titanium-stimulated monocytes. Indomethacin had no effect on the production of IL-1 and was a potent inhibitor of PGE(2) production in titanium-stimulated monocytes. Pentoxifylline had an inhibitor effect on TNF-alpha production in titanium-stimulated monocytes. Pentoxifylline potentiated IL-6 and IL-1 production in monocytes exposed to titanium particles and had a biphasic effect on the PGE(2) production. The results of this study support our hypothesis that human monocytes release bone resorption mediators after in vitro exposure to TiAlV alloy particles. The results also demonstrate the differences of bone-resorbing mediators in response to different wear particle size. The pharmacologic agents (ciprofloxacin, pentoxifylline, and indomethacin) that can modulate the release of bone resorbing mediators such as PGE(2), TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 release from human monocytes. The results help to elucidate the differences in cellular response to wear particles but may not be directly transposed to the human situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 10002, Republic of China
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26
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Savy P, Benhida R, Fourrey JL, Maurisse R, Sun JS. DNA triplex structures are stabilized by the incorporation of 3'-endo blocked pyrimidine nucleosides in the Hoogsteen strand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2287-9. [PMID: 11055340 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A short route to pyrimidine locked nucleosides has been developed for their incorporation in triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFO). Compared to oligonucleotides built with standard nucleosides, the modified TFOs containing 3'-endo blocked residues formed, with their corresponding DNA duplexes, more stable triple helix systems, an effect which might be ascribed to the 3'-endo pucker of the modified nucleoside residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Savy
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear cells of hemopoietic bone marrow and peripheral blood. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the presence of multinucleated osteoclasts after adding alveolar mononuclear cells to new-born rat calvaria osteoblasts in vitro. To utilize osteoclast-free bone, fetal calvariae were obtained from newborn Wistar-rats and cultured in DMEM medium for 14 days. On the day of osteoblast culture, alveolar mononuclear cells were isolated from newborn Wistar rats with a serial washing method and then co-cultured with the calvarial osteoblasts. Bone resorption characteristics were observed both with light and scanning electron microscopy. When alveolar mononuclear cells were cultured for 14 days on the calvarial osteoblasts in response to 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, they formed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells. Resorption pits were seen in the 7-14 days long-term cultures. These results indicate that osteoclasts can be derived from alveolar mononuclear cells in vitro when a suitable microenvironment is provided by calvarial osteoblasts and vitamin D(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Wang CT, Sun JS, Hou SM. Mycobacterial infection of the upper extremities. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:710-5. [PMID: 11000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mycobacterial infection of the upper extremities is extremely rare. To make an early accurate diagnosis is often difficult, and the treatment is, therefore, frequently delayed in clinical practice. This paper describes the diagnosis and treatment of mycoabacterial infection of the upper extremities in a series of patients treated at National Taiwan University Hospital. METHODS The medical records of 15 patients with mycobacterial infection of the upper extremities treated between 1985 and 1998 were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis of mycobacterial infection was established by positive culture results, the presence of acid-fast bacilli, or characteristic histopathologic findings. RESULTS Mycobacterial infection was suspected on initial examination in only two patients. The duration between the onset of symptoms and correct diagnosis averaged 37.5 months (range, 3 wk to 209 mo). The involved sites of mycobacterial infection included the wrist in nine patients, the elbow in two, the hand in two, the humerus in two, the forearm in one, and the shoulder in one. Three patients suffered from multifocal musculoskeletal mycobacterial infection. Microbiologic studies identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis in four patients and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in four. Characteristic histopathologic findings of mycobacterial infection including caseation, granulomatous inflammation, eosinophilic epithelioid cells, Langhan's giant cells, and lymphocytic aggregates were noted in all 15 patients. All patients received chemotherapy and 14 patients underwent surgical treatment. The mean duration of follow-up was 46 months (range, 15-97 months). Treatment failed in two of the patients with multifocal NTM infection and in one patient whose mycobacterial infection was identified by histopathology. CONCLUSIONS Mycobacterial infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of infection of the upper extremities. Treatment failures are more frequent in patients with multifocal NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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29
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Chang CH, Tsai YS, Sun JS, Hou SM. Ipsilateral distal radius and scaphoid fractures. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:733-7. [PMID: 11000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid are uncommon. Previous reports have outlined a variety of treatment methods for this condition. We describe the results in eight patients with simultaneous fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid, who were treated at National Taiwan University Hospital from 1987 to 1998. Treatments for the distal radius fractures included pin-in-cast in one patient, casting in one, external fixation in one, external fixation after pinning in three, and open reduction with internal fixation in two. All scaphoid fractures occurred at the scaphoid waist, and were treated with long-arm thumb spica in three patients, Herbert screw fixation in two, and percutaneous pinning in three. All of the fractures united, and none of the patients developed scaphoid avascular necrosis. One patient suffered from superficial radial nerve injury during external fixation. The functional results of the wrist were good in five patients and fair in three. To prevent the possible over-distraction of the scaphoid fracture, fixation of the scaphoid should be performed if a distraction force is to be applied during the treatment of the distal radius fracture. If no distraction force is to be applied, a thumb spica may provide adequate fixation for the scaphoid fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chang
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin FH, Liao CJ, Chen KS, Sun JS, Lin CY. Preparation of betaTCP/HAP biphasic ceramics with natural bone structure by heating bovine cancellous bone with the addition of (NH(4))(2)HPO(4). J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 51:157-63. [PMID: 10825214 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(200008)51:2<157::aid-jbm3>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the calcined bovine bone (CBB)-removing the organic substance by a burning process-with addition of different quantities of ammonium phosphate [(NH(4))(2)HPO(4)] (AP) was heated to a high temperature to transform its crystalline phase constitution from hydroxyapatite (HAP) into a tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/HAP biphasic structure. Results revealed that the CBB without AP appeared to be mainly composed of an HAP type pattern when heated to 1300 degrees C. After adding doped AP to CBB, the HPO(4)(2-) ions of AP condensed into P(2)O(7)(4-) ions at temperatures of 400-600 degrees C. P(2)O(7)(4-) ions reacted with the OH(-) ions of HAP to form betaTCP at temperatures up to 600 degrees C. The conversion reaction of HAP to betaTCP finished at around 900 degrees C. With increasing AP in the CBB, HAP gradually converted into different phase compositions of TCP/HAP or TCP at high temperature. Mechanical testing results showed that there was no significant difference in sintered CBB with different quantities of AP. By heating calcined bovine cancellous bone with different quantities of AP, we obtained different crystalline phase compositions of bioceramics with a natural porous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Arimondo P, Bailly C, Boutorine A, Asseline U, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Linkage of a triple helix-forming oligonucleotide to amsacrine-4-carboxamide derivatives modulates the sequence-selectivity of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:1205-18. [PMID: 11097051 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008033044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amsacrine-4-carboxamide-oligonucleotide conjugates were synthesized and studied for their capacity to form DNA triple helices and to alter human topoisomerase II binding and cleavage properties. The intercalating agent was attached to the 3'- or the 5'-end of a 24 nt triple helix-forming oligonucleotide via linkers of different lengths. The stability of these DNA triple helices was investigated by gel retardation and melting temperature studies using a synthetic 70 bp DNA duplex target. The effect of the conjugates on DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II was evaluated using the 70 bp duplex and a 311 bp restriction fragment containing the same triple helix site. The conjugate with the amsacrine derivative linked to the 3' end of the TFO via a hexaethylene glycol linker modulates the extent of DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II at specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arimondo
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, UMR 8646 CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, Paris, France
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Marchand C, Nguyen CH, Ward B, Sun JS, Bisagni E, Garestier T, Hélène C. A new family of sequence-specific DNA-cleaving agents directed by triple-helical structures: benzopyridoindole-EDTA conjugates. Chemistry 2000; 6:1559-63. [PMID: 10839173 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(20000502)6:9<1559::aid-chem1559>3.3.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-specific DNA recognition can be achieved by oligonucleotides that bind to the major groove of oligopyrimidine x oligopurine sequences. These intermolecular structures could be used to modulate gene expression and to create new tools for molecular biology. Here we report the synthesis and biochemical characterization of triple helix-specific DNA cleaving reagents. It is based on the previously reported triplex-specific ligands, benzo[e]pyridoindole (BePI) and benzo[g]pyridoindole (BgPI), covalently attached to ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA). In the presence of iron, a reducing agent and molecular oxygen, BgPI-EDTA x FeII but not BePI-EDTA x FeII induced a double-stranded cut in a plasmid DNA at the single site where a triplex-forming oligonucleotide binds. At single nucleotide resolution, it was found that upon triplex formation BePI-EDTA x FeII led to cleavage of the pyrimidine strand and protection of the purine strand. BgPI-EDTA x FeII cleaved both strands with similar efficiency. The difference in cleavage efficiency between the two conjugates was rationalized by the location of the EDTA x FeII moiety with respect to the grooves of DNA (major groove: BePI-EDTA x FeII, minor groove: BgPI-EDTA x FeII). This work paves the way to the development of a new class of triple helix directed DNA cleaving reagents. Such molecules will be of interest for sequence-specific DNA cleavage and for investigating triple-helical structures, such as H-DNA, which could play an important role in the control of gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, UMR8646 CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, Paris, France
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Arimondo PB, Moreau P, Boutorine A, Bailly C, Prudhomme M, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Recognition and cleavage of DNA by rebeccamycin- or benzopyridoquinoxaline conjugated of triple helix-forming oligonucleotides. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:777-84. [PMID: 10819166 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Indolocarbazole and benzopyridoquinoxaline derivatives have been shown to have anti-tumor activity and to stimulate DNA topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage. Two indolocarbazole compounds (R-6 and R-95) and one benzopyridoquinoxaline derivative (BPQ(1256)) were covalently attached to the 3'-end of a 16mer triple helix-forming oligonucleotide (TFO). These conjugates bind to DNA with a higher affinity than the unsubstituted oligonucleotides. Furthermore, they induce topoisomerase I-mediated and triplex-directed DNA cleavage in a sequence-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, UMR 8646 CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify in vivo carpal kinematics of a normal wrist in a dynamic continuous model. DESIGN The instantaneous changes in the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints during normal wrist motion were analyzed using ultrafast computed tomography (CT). BACKGROUND Wrist injuries account for a considerable and growing proportion of work-related disorders and disability. However, little is known about normal wrist kinematics. METHODS Ten uninjured subjects were studied using ultrafast CT to measure the continuous motion of the wrist from full flexion to full extension. Sagittal plane scanning was performed mediolaterally at six different locations as the wrists were moved slowly and repeatedly from full flexion to full extension. The data were printed to X-ray film and transferred to an independent work station with a video camera. The motion of the radiocarpal, midcarpal and wrist joints was determined by an image analyzing system. RESULTS Wrist motion was expressed as a ratio of capitate-lunate (C-L) (midcarpal) motion and radio-lunate (R-L) (radiocarpal) motion. In the volar flexion of normal wrists, the contribution of the radiocarpal joint and midcarpal joint were approximately equal; while dorsal flexion of the normal wrist occurred mainly at the midcarpal joint. CONCLUSIONS In normal wrists, the radiocarpal joint and midcarpal joint contribute equally to volar flexion, while the midcarpal joint is more important in dorsal flexion. RELEVANCE In this study, we demonstrated the suitability of using two-dimensional computed tomographic images in a quantitative study of flexion/extension kinematics of the normal wrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu HC, Chang WH, Lin FH, Lu KH, Tsuang YH, Sun JS. Cytokine and prostaglandin E2 release from leukocytes in response to metal ions derived from different prosthetic materials: an in vitro study. Artif Organs 1999; 23:1099-106. [PMID: 10619928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1999.06343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by leukocytes in the periprosthetic membranes surrounding joint replacements have been implicated as causal agents in osteolysis and prosthetic loosening. In this study, we used an in vitro leukocyte culture system to monitor the response of leukocytes to various metal ions and their possible roles in the mechanism of aseptic loosening. Human peripheral leukocytes were isolated and incubated with various concentrations of Co2+, Cr3+, and Ti3+ ions. Leukocyte cell counts and the levels of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) released into the media were analyzed at 1 h, 3 h, and 1, 3, and 7 day intervals. The results showed that adding different metal ions into leukocyte cultures did not affect the cell counts. Exposure of leukocytes to Co2+ ion increased the release of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and PGE2. Exposure of leukocytes to Cr3+ ion did not increase the release of TNF-alpha but increased the secretion of IL-6 and PGE2. In contrast, exposure of the leukocytes to Ti3+ ions was associated with a decrease in the release of TNF-alpha and PGE2 and a minimal change in IL-6 noted after 7 days' culture. The present study elucidated the possible mechanisms involved in periprosthetic osteolysis and the inflammatory response of human leukocytes to metal ions. We found that cobalt ion is the most potent stimulant for cytokines and prostaglandin secretion by leukocytes. This elucidation, in combination with other efforts to reduce the generation of wear debris and metal ions, may improve the longevity of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Collegeof Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
In this paper, the decomposition and reconstruction behavior of hydroxyapatite (HAP) during heating and cooling in air atmosphere were studied. The commercial HAP were chosen and gradually heated to 1500 degrees C and cooled to room temperature by a program controlled SiC heated furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis were used to investigate the change of crystalline phases and functional groups of HAP at different temperatures. Weight change of samples was recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) during heating and cooling. The results revealed that HAP gradually releases its OH- ions and transforms into OHAP in the temperature of 1000-1360 degrees C. Above 1360 degrees C, the OHAP would decompose into TTCP and alpha TCP phase. The OH- stretching bands of HAP could be traced by FTIR even at the temperature of 1350 degrees C which indicates HAP decomposition. HAP does not dehydrate completely before decomposition. We speculated that some oxyapatite (OAP) might be formed during dehydration with a great amount of OHAP still left in the system even up to the temperature of decomposition. In the temperature range of 1400-1500 degrees C, there was no significant difference in XRD patterns, only TTCP and alpha TCP crystalline phases were observed. When the HAP gradually cools from 1500 degrees C, a part of TTCP and alpha TCP would directly reconstruct into OAP around 1350 degrees C. OAP existed in the temperature range of 1350-1300 degrees C during cooling. When the temperature decreased to 1290 degrees C, a part of TTCP and alpha TCP reconstructed into OHAP by rehydration reaction and OAP were rehydrated into OHAP as well. At 1100 degrees C, the rest of TTCP and alpha TCP reconstitutes into HAP. As the temperature decreases, the OHAP is gradually rehydrated and reconstituted into HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Arimondo PB, Bailly C, Boutorine A, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C. Targeting topoisomerase I cleavage to specific sequences of DNA by triple helix-forming oligonucleotide conjugates. A comparison between a rebeccamycin derivative and camptothecin. C R Acad Sci III 1999; 322:785-90. [PMID: 10547719 DOI: 10.1016/s0764-4469(00)80037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I is an ubiquitous DNA cleaving enzyme and an important therapeutic target in cancer chemotherapy for the camptothecins as well as for indolocarbazole antibiotics such as rebeccamycin and its synthetic derivatives, which stabilize the cleaved DNA-topoisomerase I complex. The covalent linkage of a triple helixforming oligonucleotide to camptothecin or to the indolocarbazole derivative R-6 directs DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I to specific sequences. Sequence-specific recognition of DNA is achieved by the triple helix-forming oligonucleotide, which binds to the major groove of double-helical DNA and positions the drug at a specific site. The efficacy of topoisomerase I-induced DNA cleavage mediated by the rebeccamycin-conjugate and the camptothecin-conjugate was compared and related to the intrinsic potency of the isolated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- Laboratoire de biophysique, UMR 8646 CNRS-Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Inserm U201, Paris, France
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Brodin P, Sun JS, Mouscadet JF, Auclair C. Optimization of alternate-strand triple helix formation at the 5"-TpA-3" and 5"-ApT-3" junctions. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:3029-34. [PMID: 10454596 PMCID: PMC148526 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.15.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternate-strand triple helix formation was optimized at the two junction steps, the 5"-TpA-3" and 5"-ApT-3" junctions. Footprint experiments, gel retardation assays and thermal denaturation measures on a sequence appropriately designed with two adjacent alternate-strand polypurine tracts points out that the addition of an adenine residue and the removal of one nucleotide should facilitate the crossing strands at the 5"-TpA-3" junction and at the 5"-ApT-3" junction, respectively. These results provide a 'switch code' for the construction of alternate-strand triple helix forming oligonucleotides which open new possibilities for extending the range of applications of antigene strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brodin
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie et de Pharmacologie des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR 8532, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
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Abstract
Ultrasound has many medical applications. Previous animal and clinical studies have clearly shown a positive effect of ultrasound on the rate of osseous repair. The present in vitro study was designed to elucidate the specific response of bony tissue to ultrasound treatment. Bilateral femora were obtained from 36 mature male Wistar rats. A bone defect was created at the center of each distal metaphysis. The femora were maintained for either 7 or 14 days in in vitro tissue culture and received 15 min of ultrasound stimulation or a sham exposure. The ultrasound intensity used was either 320 or 770 mW/cm2. Healing of the bone defect was evaluated by histomorphological examination and by analysis for the synthesis and secretion of prostaglandin E2. The results showed that ultrasound stimulation can accelerate both defect healing and trabecular bone regeneration. All experimental femoral defects treated with ultrasound healed faster than the untreated cortical defects, but only the defects receiving 770 mW/cm2 reached a level that was significantly different. The healing rate for the 320-mW/cm2 stimulated defects was intermediate between that of the 770-mW/cm2 and sham-exposed defects. With ultrasound stimulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion by the experimental femora decreased significantly. Changes in the prostaglandin synthesis and concentration were found to correspond to changes in the amount of trabecular regeneration and to acceleration of bone healing. This highly controlled and well-studied model of ultrasound stimulation of bone healing in vitro can be used to further examine the biological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Abstract
Although ischemic injury to skeletal muscle is a matter of great clinical importance, relatively little is known about the mechanisms which determine systemic responses. One purpose of this study is to elucidate the systemic antioxidant status following an episode of acute ischemic limb injury and subsequent reperfusion. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. After the animals were anesthetized, an ischemic insult was created in the right hind limb for twelve hours, followed by four hours of reperfusion. Several series of blood samples were obtained. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and necropsies undertaken in order to evaluate the antioxidant status of various visceral organs. The results link ischemia and reperfusion injury to a significant decline in antioxidative activity in various tissues. The weakening in antioxidant status after ischemic limb injury was most pronounced in the heart tissue, followed in descending order by the spleen, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, and kidney tissue. The levels of specific antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in various organs changed significantly, and the changes were tissue specific. Endogenous radical scavenging systems were not entirely overwhelmed in most of the tissues studied. But higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) found in cardiac tissue suggest that the production of oxygen free radicals is accelerated by an ischemic injury. Based on the study, we believe that the cardiac tissue is particularly susceptible to the effects of ischemia and reperfusion injury. Damage to cardiac tissue is probably the major cause of mortality following acute ischemic injury in a limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, ROC.
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Abstract
Aseptic loosening after total joint arthroplasty is a major problem in orthopedic surgery. Small particles from material wear have been reported as the main cause of implant failure. For this reason, investigation into possible wear particles from the materials used in the implant may lead to longevity after arthroplasty. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been extensively investigated and reported as an excellent biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility. In this study, we used an in vitro osteoblast/osteoclast model to test the biocompatibility of various-sized HA particles. Primary osteoclasts/osteoblasts were co-cultured with different-sized HA particles (0.5-3.0 microm, 37-53 microm, 177-205 microm, and 420-841 microm) for 3 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days. Cellular responses to the HA particles were evaluated by changes in cell counts and the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin (PGE2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant of the culture media. The results showed that osteoblasts/osteoclasts co-cultured with HA particles smaller than 53 microm undergo the most significant changes. Cellular counts significantly decreased, and the changes were more obvious in the osteoblast population. There also was a significant decrease in TGF-beta1 concentration and a significant increase in PGE2 and LDH concentration, but there were no changes in the TNF-alpha or ALP titer. It can be concluded that larger HA particles may be quite compatible with bone cells while smaller-sized HA particles can both activate the osteoclasts and decrease the cell population of the osteoblasts. Justification for the additional expense incurred with the use of hydroxyapatite in primary total hip arthroplasty should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
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Abstract
Benzophenone is an ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing agent that has been used in industry and medicine for more than 30 years. Consumers of cosmetics and sunscreens containing UV-absorbers are exposed to benzophenones on a daily basis, owing to the widespread use of these compounds. However, the efficacy of these compounds as scavengers of oxidative stress is still not well established. In the present study, we investigate the antioxidative capacity of six sunscreen benzophenone compounds. A primary myoblast culture was mixed in vitro with 100 microM menadione. The cytotoxic effect by menadione-induced oxidative stress was monitored by the lucigenin- or luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, methylthiotetrazole (MTT) assay, and the antioxidative effects of various benzophenone compounds were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of menadione can induce oxidative stress on myoblasts by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production, which can be eradicated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, respectively, in a dose-dependent mode. The catalase has a protective effect on the cytotoxicity induced by menadione as measured by the MTT assay, while the SOD does not. The selected benzophenones also have a significant scavenging effect on the menadione-induced cell death on the myoblasts. The ortho-dihydroxyl structure and other hydroxy groups in the same ring have a stronger scavenging effect on the superoxide anion on myoblasts; thus, a stable penoxy radical may be formed. The mechanism of this effect remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, ROC
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Abstract
During recent years, sintered dicalcium phosphate (SDCP) has been shown to be an effective artificial bone filler for repairing bone defects. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effect of SDCP particle size on osteoblasts. Osteoblasts were mixed and cultured with various sized SDCP particles (0.5-3.0, 37-63, 177-250, and 420-841 microns) for 1 h, 3 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days and then analyzed. The results show that the adding of smaller sized SDCP particles (0.5-3.0 and 37-63 microns) into osteoblast culture can significantly affect the cell counts of osteoblasts. The secretion of transforming growth factor-beta 1, alkaline phosphatase, and prostaglandin E2 in culture medium increased significantly. The changes were most significant and persisted longer in smaller particle groups. Small sintered dicalcium phosphate particles can inhibit the proliferation of the osteoblasts. The inhibitory effects of the smaller sized SDCP particles on the osteoblasts were mediated by the promotion of osteoblast differentiation and the increased synthesis of prostaglandin E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, ROC.
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Abstract
Sintered bovine cancellous bone exhibited excellent biocompatiblity, high porosity and have an interconnecting porous structure allowing for bone ingrowth. However, the main mineral constitution of sintered bovine bone-hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAP) seems to be too stable in vivo. For improving its bioactivity, the calcined bovine bone removing the organic substance by burning process-with different quantities of sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7.10H2O, NP) addition was heated to a high temperature to transform its crystalline phase constitution from HAP into TCP/HAP biphasic or other multiphasic structures. Results revealed that the calcined bovine bone without NP addition, exhibited a pure form of HAP characterized pattern during heating. Its thermal behavior was similar to stoichiometric HAP, it gradually lost its OH- ions and transformed into oxyhydroxyapatite at high temperature. After being doped into calcined bovine bone, NP would react with HAP to form betaBTCP and NaCaPO4 around 600 degrees C. At 900 degrees C, doped NP would completely react with HAP and the NaCaPO4 would further react with HAP to form more betaBTCP in the system. With NP increasing in the calcined bovine bone, HAP would gradually convert into different crystalline phase compositions of TCP/HAP, TCP/HAP/NaCaPO4 or TCP/NaCaPO4 at high temperature. By heating calcined bovine cancellouse bone with different quantities of NP we could obtain different crystalline phase compositions of natural porous bioceramic in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND [corrected] Oligonucleotide-directed triple-helix (triplex) formation can interfere with gene expression but only long tracts of oligopyrimidine*oligopurine sequences can be targeted. Attempts have been made to recognize short oligopurine sequences alternating on the two strands of double-stranded DNA by the covalent linkage of two triplex-forming oligonucleotides. Here we focus on the rational optimization of such an alternate-strand triplex formation on a DNA duplex containing a 5'-GpT-3'/3'-CpA-5' or a 5'-TpG-3'/3'-ApC-5' step by combination of (G,T)- and (G,A)-containing oligonucleotides that bind to the oligopurine strands in opposite orientations. RESULTS The deletion of one nucleotide in the reverse Hoogsteen region of the oligonucleotide provides the best binding at the 5'GpT-3'/3'-CpA-5' step, whereas the addition of two cytosines as a linker between the two oligonucleotides is the best strategy to cross a 5'-TpG-3'/3'-ApC-5' step. Energy minimization and experimental data suggest that these two cytosines are involved in the formation of two novel base quadruplets. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a rational basis for the design of oligonucleotides capable of binding to oligopurine sequences that alternate on the two strands of double-stranded DNA with a 5'-GpT-3'/3'-CpA-5' or a 5'-TpG-3'/3'-ApC-5' step at the junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T de Bizemont
- Laboratoire de Biophysique INSERM U 201 CNRS URA 481 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Arimondo PB, Barcelo F, Sun JS, Maurizot JC, Garestier T, Hélène C. Triple helix formation by (G,A)-containing oligonucleotides: asymmetric sequence effect. Biochemistry 1998; 37:16627-35. [PMID: 9843430 DOI: 10.1021/bi9805588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sequence effects on the stability of purine-motif (also called (G, A)-motif) triple helix have been investigated through two symmetry-related systems: one of them had a 5'(GGA)43' core sequence of triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), whereas the other one had a reversed 5'(AGG)43' core sequence. These (G,A)-containing TFOs were prone to self-associate into intermolecular complexes at room temperature. The competition of TFOs' self-association with triple helix formation was assessed, and minimized. By varying the lengths and the terminal base sequences of TFOs, the following were found that (1) The stability of two triple helices with identical length and base composition but reverse strand orientation may be significantly different (up to a factor of 6). (2) When the 5'(GGA)43' core sequence was extended at the 3'-end by a G, the 13-nt TFO exhibited 3- and 5-fold higher affinity toward the target double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) than the longer 14-nt and 15-nt TFOs in which one and two A(s) were added at the 3'-end of the 13-nt TFO, respectively. In contrast, when the similar extensions occurred at the 5'-end of the 5'(AGG)43' core sequence, the length increase provided a higher binding affinity of TFOs toward the target duplex. (3) The nature of the base triplets involved at the ends of triple helices may have great influence on triplex stability. The observed asymmetric sequence effect of the (G,A)-motif triple helix formation is discussed in terms of the binding strength of the first base triplet(s) at the 3' end which seems to be deeply involved in the nucleation step of triple helix formation and therefore to be a determining factor for triplex stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, CNRS URA 481, Paris, France
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Hu ZH, Arif BM, Jin F, Martens JW, Chen XW, Sun JS, Zuidema D, Goldbach RW, Vlak JM. Distinct gene arrangement in the Buzura suppressaria single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 ( Pt 11):2841-51. [PMID: 9820162 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-11-2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome organization of the Buzura suppressaria single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (BusuNPV) was largely elucidated and compared to those of other baculoviruses. A detailed physical map was constructed for the restriction enzymes BamHI, BglI, BglII, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, PstI, XbaI and XhoI. The 120.9 kbp viral genome was cloned as restriction fragments into a plasmid library from which about 43.5 kbp of dispersed sequence information was generated. Fifty-two putative open reading frames homologous to those of other baculoviruses were identified and their location in the genome of BusuNPV was determined. Although the gene content of BusuNPV is similar to that of Autographa californica multiple-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus and Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, the gene order is, however, significantly different from that observed in the other viruses, which have a high degree of collinearity. A new approach (GeneParityPlot) was developed to represent the differences in gene order among baculoviruses when limited sequence information is available and to take advantage of the high degree of gene conservation. The data obtained show that BusuNPV is a distinct baculovirus species and the analyses suggest that gene distribution along baculovirus genomes may be used as a phylogenetic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Hu
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
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Marchand C, Sun JS, Bailly C, Waring MJ, Garestier T, Hélène C. Optimization of alternate-strand triple helix formation at the 5'CpG3' and 5'GpC3' junction steps. Biochemistry 1998; 37:13322-9. [PMID: 9748340 DOI: 10.1021/bi980618+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation normally requires a long tract of oligopyrimidine.oligopurine sequence. This limitation can be partially overcome by alternate-strand triple helix (or switch triple helix) formation which enables recognition of alternating oligopurine/oligopyrimidine sequences. The present work is devoted to the optimization of switch triple helix formation at the 5'CpG3' and 5'GpC3' junction steps by combination of base triplets in Hoogsteen and in reverse Hoogsteen configurations. Rational design by molecular mechanics was first carried out to study the geometrical constraints at different junction steps and to propose a "switch code" which would optimize the interactions at junctions. These predictions were further checked and validated experimentally by gel retardation and DNase I footprinting assays. It was shown that the choice of an appropriate linker nucleotide in the switching third strand plays an important role in the interaction between oligonucleotides and alternating oligopurine/oligopyrimidine target sequences at different junctions: (i) the addition of a cytosine at the junction level in the oligonucleotide optimizes the crossover at the 5'CpG3' junction, whereas (ii) the best crossover at the 5'GpC3' junction step is achieved without any additional nucleotide. These results provide a useful guideline to extend double-stranded DNA sequence recognition by switch triple helix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, CNRS URA481, Paris, France
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Lin FH, Liao CJ, Chen KS, Sun JS. Preparation of high-temperature stabilized beta-tricalcium phosphate by heating deficient hydroxyapatite with Na4P2O7 x 10H2O addition. Biomaterials 1998; 19:1101-7. [PMID: 9692809 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the high-temperature stabilized beta-tricalcium phosphate (betaTCP, beta-Ca3(PO4)2) were prepared by heating the deficient HAP (d-HAP, Ca10-x(HPO4)x(PO4)6-x(OH)2-x) with tetra-sodium diphosphate decahydrate (NP, Na4P2O7 x 10H2O) addition. The betaTCP, d-HAP and d-HAP doped with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt % NP were heated to different temperatures and were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated that the HPO4(2-) of d-HAP condensed into P2O7(4-) occurred before 650 degrees C. The P2O7(4-) ions could be traced in the FTIR spectrum when the d-HAP was heated up to 750 degrees C. The reaction of P2O7(4-) with OH- did not occur instantly but over a wide range of temperatures. The d-HAP doped with NP would decrease the decomposition temperature of d-HAP. NP doped into d-HAP not only induced the d-HAP decomposition at lower temperature but also stabilized the betaTCP crystal structure at higher-temperature. It could also increase the conversion temperature of betaTCP to alphaTCP from 1180 degrees C up to 1300 degrees C. We could successfully prepare high-temperature (up to 1300 C) stabilized ffTCP by heating NP doped d-HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Lin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Hu ZH, Arif BM, Sun JS, Chen XW, Zuidema D, Goldbach RW, Vlak JM. Genetic organization of the HindIII-I region of the single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus of Buzura suppressaria. Virus Res 1998; 55:71-82. [PMID: 9712513 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(98)00029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the genomic organization of the single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SNPV) of Buzura suppressaria (BusuNPV), the HindIII-I fragment located at map units (mu) 26.6-29.4 of the viral genome was sequenced. The fragment contained two partial and three complete open reading frames (ORFs) representing the 3' end of a polyhedron envelope protein gene (pep), a homologue of the AcMNPV ORF117, a conotoxin-like protein gene (ctl), an inhibitor of apoptosis gene (iap) and a superoxide dismutase gene (sod), respectively. These five genes were identified for the first time in a SNPV. Sequence analysis further revealed that these ORFs have the same conserved motifs and gene structure as those observed in their homologues from other baculoviruses. Between ctl and iap, an intergenic region of about 700 basepairs with structure similar to non-hr origins of DNA replication was observed. The genomic arrangement of the ORFs in the BusuNPV HindIII-I fragment is very different from the arrangement of their homologues in the genome of Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid (M) NPV and other baculoviruses to date. Our data suggest that on the basis of gene arrangement, BusuNPV belongs to a distinct taxon within the Baculoviridae family, corroborating our previous conclusions derived from phylogeny analysis of several BusuNPV genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Hu
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
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