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López MG, López CA, Gravisaco MJ, Alfonso V, Taboga O. Comparison between different conditions for the incorporation of foreign proteins into Autographa californica multiple polyhedrovirus polyhedra for biotechnological purposes. Arch Virol 2024; 169:108. [PMID: 38658418 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The occlusion bodies of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus are proteinaceous formations with significant biotechnological potential owing to their capacity to integrate foreign proteins through fusion with polyhedrin, their primary component. However, the strategy for successful heterologous protein inclusion still requires further refinement. In this study, we conducted a comparative assessment of various conditions to achieve the embedding of recombinant proteins within polyhedra. Two baculoviruses were constructed: AcPHGFP (polh+), with GFP as a fusion to wild type (wt) polyhedrin and AcΔPHGFP (polh+), with GFP fused to a fragment corresponding to amino acids 19 to 110 of polyhedrin. These baculoviruses were evaluated by infecting Sf9 cells and stably transformed Sf9, Sf9POLH, and Sf9POLHE44G cells. The stably transformed cells contributed another copy of wt or a mutant polyhedrin, respectively. Polyhedra of each type were isolated and characterized by classical methods. The fusion PHGFP showed more-efficient incorporation into polyhedra than ΔPHGFP in the three cell lines assayed. However, ΔPHGFP polyhedron yields were higher than those of PHGFP in Sf9 and Sf9POLH cells. Based on an integral analysis of the studied parameters, it can be concluded that, except for the AcΔPHGFP/Sf9POLHE44G combination, deficiencies in one factor can be offset by improved performance by another. The combinations AcPHGFP/Sf9POLHE44G and AcΔPHGFP/Sf9POLH stand out due to their high level of incorporation and the large number of recombinant polyhedra produced, respectively. Consequently, the choice between these approaches becomes dependent on the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cinthia Ayelén López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Alfonso
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Taboga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hu W, Yang H, Yu J, Wei H. A Novel Double Core-Shell Bionanoparticle Formed by Ferritin and Baculoviral Polyhedrin. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:7502-7506. [PMID: 31039919 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.17130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we got a step forward of the baculoviral polyhedrin (Polh) exploitation as a new nanobiomaterial. We recruited human H-chain ferritin (FTH) as scaffold and Gaussia luciferase (hGluc) as luminescent signal molecule, preparation, characterization and luminescent analysis of the bionanoparticles formed by the fusion proteins of them mentioned above inspire us to present a view that baculoviral polyhedrin is a nanobrick to be a new nanobiomaterial. The bionanoparticle that formed by FTH and Polh fusion protein is a novel double core-shell structure. The properties of baculoviral polyhedrin make itself a promising new nanobiomaterial for application in bionanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University • The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junping Yu
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Yu H, Meng J, Xu J, Liu TX, Wang D. A Novel Neurotoxin Gene ar1b Recombination Enhances the Efficiency of Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus as a Pesticide by Inhibiting the Host Larvae Ability to Feed and Grow. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135279. [PMID: 26296090 PMCID: PMC4546597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV), Ar1b-HearNPV, was constructed and identified as an improved bio-control agent of Helicoverpa armigera larvae. The HearNPV polyhedrin promoter was used to express the insect-specific neurotoxin gene, ar1b, which was originally isolated from the Australian funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus). RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that both the ar1b transcript and protein were produced successfully in Ar1b-HearNPV-infected HzAM1 cells. In order to investigate the influence of foreign gene insertion in HearNPV, including the ar1b gene, chloramphenicol resistance gene, lacZ, kanamycin resistance gene, and the gentamicin resistance gene, two virus strains (HZ8-HearNPV and wt-HearNPV) were used as controls in the cell transfection analysis. As expected, foreign gene insertion had no impact on budded virus production and viral DNA replication. Both optical microscopy and electron microscopy observations indicated that the formation of the occlusion bodies of recombinant virus was similar to wild type virus. The Ar1b-HearNPV-infected H. armigera larvae exhibited paralysis and weight loss before dying. This recombinant virus also showed a 32.87% decrease in LT50 assays compared with the wild type virus. Besides, Ar1b-HearNPV also inhibited host larval growth and diet consumption. This inhibition was still significant in the older instar larvae treated with the recombinant virus. All of these positive properties of this novel recombinant HearNPV provide a further opportunity to develop this virus strain into a commercial product to control the cotton bollworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tong-xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (TXL); (DW)
| | - Dun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (TXL); (DW)
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Shirina TV, Gerashchenko AV, Bobrovskaia MT, Kashuba VI. [Identification of small RNA in polyhedra of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus]. Ukr Biochem J 2014; 86:101-6. [PMID: 24868916 DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown by bioinformatic methods that regions of the Bombyx mori viral nuclear polyhedrosis genome encoded two small RNA--snc RNA-1 and snc RNA-2, which could perform a structural function in polyhedra crystals formation. The aim of this work was identification of the nucleotide sequence of small non-coding RNAs, predicted by bioinformatic methods in B. mori polyhedra. The following methods have been used: polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis, the cloning of PCR products, sequencing. There were first determined nucleotide sequences of snc RNA-1 and snc RNA-2 ofpolyhedrin mRNA complementary regions which are included in B. mori polyhedra. These RNAs have 100% identity with bioinformatic predicted sequences. These results confirmed our bioinformatic approach to the search for small RNAs encoded in B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.
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Wagner A, Duman R, Stevens B, Ward A. Microcrystal manipulation with laser tweezers. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2013; 69:1297-302. [PMID: 23793156 PMCID: PMC3689533 DOI: 10.1107/s090744491300958x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallography is the method of choice to deduce atomic resolution structural information from macromolecules. In recent years, significant investments in structural genomics initiatives have been undertaken to automate all steps in X-ray crystallography from protein expression to structure solution. Robotic systems are widely used to prepare crystallization screens and change samples on synchrotron beamlines for macromolecular crystallography. The only remaining manual handling step is the transfer of the crystal from the mother liquor onto the crystal holder. Manual mounting is relatively straightforward for crystals with dimensions of >25 µm; however, this step is nontrivial for smaller crystals. The mounting of microcrystals is becoming increasingly important as advances in microfocus synchrotron beamlines now allow data collection from crystals with dimensions of only a few micrometres. To make optimal usage of these beamlines, new approaches have to be taken to facilitate and automate this last manual handling step. Optical tweezers, which are routinely used for the manipulation of micrometre-sized objects, have successfully been applied to sort and mount macromolecular crystals on newly designed crystal holders. Diffraction data from CPV type 1 polyhedrin microcrystals mounted with laser tweezers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Wagner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, England.
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Salem TZ, Cheng XH, Cheng XW. AcMNPV enhances infection by ThorNPV in Sf21 cells and SeMNPV in Hi5 cells. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1875-85. [PMID: 22692678 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An expression cassette containing the DsRed2 gene, which encodes the red fluorescent protein (RFP), was inserted into the wide-host-range Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) at the polyhedrin locus (vAcDsRed2). An expression cassette containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was inserted at the gp37 locus of the narrow-host-range Thysanoplusia orichalcea MNPV (ThorMNPV) and the p10 locus of Spodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV) to produce vThGFP and vSeGFP, respectively. vThGFP and vSeGFP are poor at infecting Sf21 and Hi5 cells, respectively, whereas vAcDsRed2 is highly infectious to both cell lines. During co-infection, vAcDsRed2 enhanced vThGFP infection in Sf21 cells by approximately 20-fold, and it enhanced vSeGFP infection in Hi5 cells by more than 300-fold, as detected by fluorescence measurements. In contrast, vThGFP reduced vAcDsRed2 infection by 5.4-fold in Sf21 cells, while vSeGFP reduced vAcDsRed2 by 3.2-fold in Hi5 cells. Plaque assay data did not suggest viral recombination, but vThGFP plaques surrounded by vAcDsRed2 plaques were observed. A viral DNA replication assay performed by real-time quantitative PCR suggested that the detected fluorescence correlated with virus replication. Sf21 cells infected with vAcDsRed2 were resistant to superinfection by viruses of the same type expressing EGFP (vAcGFP). These results demonstrated that AcMNPV could enhance replication of ThorMNPV and SeMNPV in non-permissive cells without recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Z Salem
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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Du J, Zhang C, Fu J, Chen Z, Xiao Q. [Preparation of a monoclonal antibody against polyhedrin of Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2012; 28:76-85. [PMID: 22667111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop a method based on immunoreactions for detection of Ectropis obliqua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (EoNPV), the polyhedra of the virus were purified and used to immunize the mouse BALB/c. The spleen cells from the immunized mice were then fused with the myeloma cell line Sp2/0. A hybridoma cell line which can stably secrete the monoclonal antibody against EoNPV was achieved by using indirect ELISA screening and cloning methods, and was named as 7D3. Meanwhile, the polyhedrin gene was cloned from EoNPV and expressed in E. coli. Western blotting analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody prepared from 7D3 could specifically react with the recombinant polyhedrin. An indirect ELISA method based on this monoclonal antibody for detecting EoNPV in infected tea looper was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Du
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
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Xiang XW, Yang R, Chen L, Hu XL, Yu SF, Wu XF. [Co-occlusion of foreign protein into polyhedra with BmNPV polyhedrin]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2011; 27:366-371. [PMID: 21874907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to make clear the packing mechanism of the BmNPV polyhedra, a polyhedrin gene negative recombinant baculovirus, vBmBac(polh-)-5B-EGFP, expressing EGFP was constructed, and used to infect BmN cells jointly with wild-type BmNPV. Fluorescent microscopic observation demonstrated that EGFP and polyhedrin were expressed simultaneously, and the EGFP expression and polyhedra formation occurred in most of the jointly infected cells. Analysis of the purified polyhedra from jointly infected BmN cells showed that the foreign proteins were present in the polyhedra. The results indicated that BmNPV polyhedrin could incorporate proteins other than viral proteins into the polyhedra. It implies that a nonspecific recognition mechanism exists in the embedment of BmNPV polyhedra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Xiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Shirina TV, Bobrovskaia MT, Kozlov ÉA. [Small RNAs in Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedra form complexes with polypeptide p14 and polyhedrin]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) 2010; 82:87-92. [PMID: 21805866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It was shown that two small RNAs about 65 and 55 nucleotides long included in NPV B. mori polyhedra form with polypeptides p29 and p14 specific RNP-complexes with molecular weights of 50 and 31 kDa, respectively. Both complexes form high-molecular weight complex with polyhedrin. Origin and nature of p29 and p14 polypeptides are discussed.
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Seufi AM. Characterization of an Egyptian Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus and a possible use of a highly conserved region from polyhedrin gene for nucleopolyhedrovirus detection. Virol J 2008; 5:13. [PMID: 18215282 PMCID: PMC2249572 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An Egyptian isolate of Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) was tested for its potential as biocontrol agent in comparison to Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Comparative assays of SpliNPV and AcMNPV against 2nd instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis revealed 4-fold greater susceptibility of S. littoralis to AcMNPV than to SpliNPV based on LC50 values for the two viruses. The LT50s determined for SpliNPV and AcMNPV using LC50 of the virus against 2nd instar larvae were 4.2 and 5.8 days, respectively. A DNA segment of 405 bp containing highly conserved region from polyhedrin gene of SpliNPV (Polh-cr) was successfully amplified by PCR. Subsequently, this DNA segment was cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence were compared to all available sequences in GenBank. Sequence alignment results revealed that Polh-cr showed significant similarities with 91 different baculovirus isolates. The percentage of homology ranged from 78% for Plusia orichalcea NPV to 99% for SpliNPV. This highly conserved region provides a candidate that could be used in easy, fast and economic prospective systems for virus detection as well as in biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- AlaaEddeen M Seufi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Su WJ, Wu Y, Wu HL, Zhu SY, Wang WB. Expression of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF76 in permissive and non-permissive cell lines by a novel Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV baculovirus expression system. Pol J Microbiol 2008; 57:271-274. [PMID: 19275039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Open reading frame 76 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), designated as Bm76, is a gene whose function is completely unknown. With EGFP fused to the 3' terminal of Bm76 as the reporter gene and BmNPV bacmid as the expression vector, a recombinant bacmid was successfully constructed expressing Bm76-EGFP fusion protein under the control of polyhedrin promoter in Bombyx mori cells (Bm cells), BmNPV's permissive cell line, laying the foundation for rescue experiment of Bm76 deletion mutant. Moreover, the supernatant from Bm cells transfected with the recombinant bacmid was used to infect Trichoplusia Ni cells (Tn cells), BmNPV's non-permissive cell line. Unexpectedly, the expression of Bm76-EGFP fusion protein in some Tn cells was detected, implying that viral DNA was replicated in these cells. The causes are being studied for the inability of BmNPV to produce enough viable budded viruses in Tn cells despite of viral DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jie Su
- Institute of Life Sciences, JiangSu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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Rasheedi S, Ramachandran A, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Biochemical characterization of Sf9 Sp-family-like protein factors reveals interesting features. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1819-28. [PMID: 17653621 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We earlier documented the involvement of novel Sp-family-like protein factors in transcription from the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) polyhedrin (polh) gene promoter [Ramachandran et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276: 23440-23449]. These zinc-dependent Sp-like factors bind to two putative Sp-factor-binding motifs, present within the AcSp sequence upstream of the polh promoter, with very high affinity (K(d) = 2.1 x 10(-12) M). Like other polh-promoter-associated host transcription factors, these Sp-like factors display tolerance to high ion concentrations up to even 3 M NaCl. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated a probable cross-talk between the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) Sp-family-like proteins and the TFIID complex. In complementary experiments, specific replacements of the Sp-factor-binding motifs with TATA-like elements resulted in expression of a luciferase reporter gene to almost the same level as that obtained with a wild-type native construct. Our results point to the possibility of the involvement of TFIID and Sf9 Sp protein interaction in transcription from the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rasheedi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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Kim JS, Choi JY, Roh JY, Lee HY, Jang SS, Je YH. Production of recombinant polyhedra containing Cry1Ac fusion protein in insect cell lines. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17:739-744. [PMID: 18051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Insect cell lines and the control of infection for obtaining the maximum amount of polyhedrin-CrylAc-polyhedrin fusion protein from Bactrus in monolayer and suspension culture systems were tested. Growth rates of the Trichoplusia ni (High-Five) cell line in both culture systems were better than the other insect cell lines, Spodoptera fiugiferda (Sf-9, Sf-21), Trichoplusia ni (Tn5), and Spodoptera exigua (Se301). The expression of the fusion protein in a monolayer culture showed that Se301 cells were 2.3-4.8 times more productive on a per cell basis than the other cell lines. However, in suspension culture, only High-Five cells were productive. High-Five cells infected with Bactrus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 and a cell density of 3.0 x 10(5) cells per ml were more productive than the other infection condition in a suspension culture suitable for a large-scale production of baculovirus. In conclusion, for the large-scale production of Bactrus in vitro, High-Five cells showing good growth and high productivity are suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Su Kim
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Woo SD, Roh JY, Choi JY, Jin BR. Propagation of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus in nonpermissive insect cell lines. J Microbiol 2007; 45:133-8. [PMID: 17483798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9 and Sf21), Trichoplusia ni (Hi5), and S. exigua (Se301) cells to the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Although these cells have classically been considered nonpermissive to BmNPV, the cytopathic effect, an increase in viral yield, and viral DNA synthesis by BmNPV were observed in Sf9, Sf21, and Hi5 cells, but not in Se301 cells. Very late gene expression by BmNPV in these cell lines was also detected via beta-galactosidase expression under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Sf9 cells were most susceptible to BmNPV in all respects, followed by Sf21 and Hi5 cells in decreasing order, while the Se301 cells evidenced no distinct viral replication. This particular difference in viral susceptibility in each of the cell lines can be utilized for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the host specificity of NPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Dong Woo
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely established as a highly useful and effective eukaryotic expression system. Thousands of soluble and membrane proteins that, in general, are correctly folded, modified, sorted and assembled to produce highly authentic recombinant proteins have been cloned and expressed. This historical chronology and perspective will focus on the original, peer-reviewed discoveries that were pioneering and seminal to the development of the BEVS and that provided the basis for subsequent and more recent developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max D Summers
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Koroleva NN, Grishchuk IV, Kochetkova SV, Prasolov VS, Rubtsov PM, Belzhelarskaia SN. [Improved efficient gene transfer into insect and mammalian cells by baculovirus vectors]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2006; 40:1074-80. [PMID: 17209436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fragments of genomics DNA of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) containing genes of late viral proteins p10, p35, p39, were cloned, the promoter regions of this genes were used to design baculovirus transfer vectors. A double-promoter and triple-promoter baculovirus transfer vectors were obtained. Recombinant baculovirus vectors containing mammalian expression cassette with cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, the gene for green or red fluorescent protein, SV40pA and polylinker MCS were constructed for the delivery of foreign genes into mammalian cells.
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Woo SD, Choi JY, Je YH, Jin BR. Characterization of the Helicoverpa assulta nucleopolyhedrovirus genome and sequence analysis of the polyhedrin gene region. J Biosci 2006; 31:329-38. [PMID: 17006015 DOI: 10.1007/bf02704105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A local strain of Helicoverpa assulta nucleopolyhedrovirus (HasNPV) was isolated from infected H.assulta larvae in Korea. Restriction endonuclease fragment analysis, using 4 restriction enzymes, estimated that the total genome size of HasNPV is about 138 kb. A degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for the polyhedrin gene successfully amplified the partial polyhedrin gene of HasNPV. The sequencing results showed that the about 430 bp PCR product was a fragment of the corresponding polyhedrin gene. Using HasNPV partial predicted polyhedrin to probe the Southern blots, we identified the location of the polyhedrin gene within the 6 kb Eco RI, 15 kb Nco I, 20 kb Xho I, 17 kb Bgl II and 3 kb Cla I fragments, respectively. The 3 kb Cla I fragment was cloned and the nucleotide sequences of the polyhedrin coding region and its flaking regions were determined. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated the presence of an open reading frame of 735 nucleotides which could encode 245 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 29 kDa. The nucleotide sequences within the coding region of HasNPV polyhedrin shared 73.7% identity with the polyhedrin gene from Autographa californica NPV but were most closely related to Helicoverpa and Heliothis species NPVs with over 99% sequence identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Dong Woo
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.
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18
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Zhang XX, Liang ZP, Peng HY, Zhang ZX, Tang XC, Zhao SL, Xiao YZ, Zhang WJ. Location and phylogenetic analysis of the region immediately upstream of the granulin gene of the Clostera anachoreta granulovirus. Virus Res 2006; 121:97-102. [PMID: 16814895 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The region immediately upstream of the granulin gene from Clostera anachoreta granulovirus (ClanGV) was identified from hybridization experiments and sequenced. The sequence of 5122nt EcoRI restriction fragment was presented and compared with the equivalent area in other GVs. Database searches showed that this region contained three open reading frames (ORFs) similar to the baculovirus genes (egt, fgf and me53, respectively) and four ORFs unique to ClanGV genome. Phylogenetic trees of the baculovirus genes egt and me53 were constructed. These analyses indicated that ClanGV genes may be more closely related to CfGV, CpGV, ClGV, PoGV and AoGV than to PxGV and XcGV.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Zhang
- Virus Molecular Ecology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430071
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19
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Suzuki T, Ito M, Ezure T, Kobayashi S, Shikata M, Tanimizu K, Nishimura O. Performance of expression vector, pTD1, in insect cell-free translation system. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:69-71. [PMID: 16952840 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a pTD1 vector for an insect cell-free translation system containing a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of a polyhedrin gene as a translational enhancer sequence. Its translational efficiency was about 50-fold higher than those of mRNAs without an enhancer sequence. Moreover, the pTD1 vector functioned as an effective expression vector not only in the insect cell-free translation system but also in wheat germ extract and rabbit reticulocyte lysate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Life Science Laboratory, Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
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20
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Yang LR, Wang D, Duan LQ, Zhang CX. Polyhedrin gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from Orgyia ericae Germar. DNA Seq 2006; 17:215-22. [PMID: 17286050 DOI: 10.1080/10425170600857517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) isolated from the diseased larva of Orgyia ericae Germar was firstly analyzed. The genomic size of O. ericae NPV was estimated to be 134.6 kb by restriction endonuclease analysis. The gene encoding the major structural protein, polyhedrin, was cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses using polyhedrin sequences revealed that O. ericae NPV (OeNPV) was a member of the Group II NPVs and was closely related to the BusuSNPV and OpSNPV cluster. Electron microscopic observations confirmed that OeNPV was a single nucleocapsid type virus (SNPV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Yang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China.
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21
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Daimon T, Katsuma S, Kang W, Shimada T. Comparative studies of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus chitinase and its host ortholog, BmChi-h. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:825-33. [PMID: 16701557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus-encoded chitinases (V-CHIAs) were first proposed to be acquired from a bacterium via horizontal gene transfer. However, we have recently reported that lepidopteran hosts also encode v-chiA orthologs. Here we describe comparative studies of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) chitinase and its host ortholog, BmChi-h. We constructed recombinant BmNPVs in which native and modified forms of BmChi-h were driven under the polyhedrin promoter and the authentic v-chiA was deleted. Western blot analysis indicated that BmCHI-h was rapidly secreted from virus-infected BmN cells whereas BmNPV CHIA was localized within the virus-infected cells; probably because of the presence of a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retention motif on BmNPV CHIA. Enzymological studies showed that BmNPV CHIA was able to retain much higher chitinolytic activity under alkaline conditions. For B. mori larvae infected with v-chiA-deleted BmNPV, the terminal liquefaction of dead larvae and the activation of baculovirus-encoded cysteine protease were not observed, and the introduction of BmChi-h did not rescue these defects. Our findings show that BmNPV chiA possesses unique features that are not shared by host orthologs, which may reflect functional specialization of baculovirus chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Daimon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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22
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Jehle JA, Lange M, Wang H, Hu Z, Wang Y, Hauschild R. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of baculoviruses from Lepidoptera. Virology 2005; 346:180-93. [PMID: 16313938 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PCR amplification of the highly conserved baculovirus genes late expression factor 8 (lef-8), late expression factor 9 (lef-9) and polyhedrin/granulin (polh/gran) combined with molecular phylogenetic analyses provide a powerful tool to identify lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses and to study their diversity. In the present investigation, we have improved the degenerate oligonucleotides and corroborated the approach that was recently described by Lange et al. (Lange, M., Wang, H., Zhihong, H., Jehle, J.A., 2004. Towards a molecular identification and classification system of lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses. Virology 325, 36-47.). Baculovirus DNA was isolated from 71 uncharacterized historic baculovirus samples, and partial gene sequences were amplified by using gene-specific degenerate PCR primers. The obtained PCR products were directly sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequences were compiled and aligned with published sequences of these target genes. A phylogenetic tree of 117 baculoviruses was inferred using maximum parsimony and distance methods. Based on the comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the partial lef-8, lef-9 and polh/gran genes, we propose a phylogenetic species criterion for lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses that uses the genetic distances of these genes for species demarcation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Jehle
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Crop Protection, Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural Service Center Palatinate (DLR Rheinpfalz), Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany.
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23
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Burden JP, Possee RD, Sait SM, King LA, Hails RS. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of persistent baculovirus infections in populations of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) within the British Isles. Arch Virol 2005; 151:635-49. [PMID: 16328143 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genotypic relatedness of persistent baculovirus infections within UK populations of Mamestra brassicae was assessed by sequencing amplified regions from polyhedrin and ie1. Most populations harboured Mamestra brassicae (Mb) nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) which showed very little genotypic variation between populations. However, one population harboured a virus that closely resembled a baculovirus found previously only in Pine Beauty Moth (Panolis flammea) populations in Scotland. Persistent baculoviruses that had emerged spontaneously as lethal, overt infections from two of the insect populations were compared with the type strain of MbNPV and a mixture of P. flammea (Pafl) NPV strains, isolated from a single host, by bioassay in virus-free Spodoptera exigua larvae. Reactivated baculoviruses were as pathogenic as the stock virus and showed phenotypic characteristics closest to the type strain they most resembled genetically. Sequence data from the insect host cytochrome oxidase genes were compared and showed a high degree of sequence conservation between populations and it was not possible to determine whether the persistent baculovirus infections had arisen on many occasions or whether they represented a single initial infection that had spread with the host. However, the presence of two distinct virus genotypes in separate M. brassicae populations suggests multiple colonisations of the host are a possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Burden
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Oxford, UK.
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Wei Q, Kim YS, Seo JH, Jang WS, Lee IH, Cha HJ. Facilitation of expression and purification of an antimicrobial peptide by fusion with baculoviral polyhedrin in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:5038-43. [PMID: 16151084 PMCID: PMC1214617 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.9.5038-5043.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several fusion strategies have been developed for the expression and purification of small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in recombinant bacterial expression systems. However, some of these efforts have been limited by product toxicity to host cells, product proteolysis, low expression levels, poor recovery yields, and sometimes an absence of posttranslational modifications required for biological activity. For the present work, we investigated the use of the baculoviral polyhedrin (Polh) protein as a novel fusion partner for the production of a model AMP (halocidin 18-amino-acid subunit; Hal18) in Escherichia coli. The useful solubility properties of Polh as a fusion partner facilitated the expression of the Polh-Hal18 fusion protein ( approximately 33.6 kDa) by forming insoluble inclusion bodies in E. coli which could easily be purified by inclusion body isolation and affinity purification using the fused hexahistidine tag. The recombinant Hal18 AMP ( approximately 2 kDa) could then be cleaved with hydroxylamine from the fusion protein and easily recovered by simple dialysis and centrifugation. This was facilitated by the fact that Polh was soluble during the alkaline cleavage reaction but became insoluble during dialysis at a neutral pH. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to further purify the separated recombinant Hal18, giving a final yield of 30% with >90% purity. Importantly, recombinant and synthetic Hal18 peptides showed nearly identical antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which were used as representative gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. These results demonstrate that baculoviral Polh can provide an efficient and facile platform for the production or functional study of target AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quande Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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25
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Lewin A, Mayer M, Chusainow J, Jacob D, Appel B. Viral promoters can initiate expression of toxin genes introduced into Escherichia coli. BMC Biotechnol 2005; 5:19. [PMID: 15967027 PMCID: PMC1181807 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of recombinant proteins in eukaryotic cells requires the fusion of the coding region to a promoter functional in the eukaryotic cell line. Viral promoters are very often used for this purpose. The preceding cloning procedures are usually performed in Escherichia coli and it is therefore of interest if the foreign promoter results in an expression of the gene in bacteria. In the case molecules toxic for humans are to be expressed, this knowledge is indispensable for the specification of safety measures. RESULTS We selected five frequently used viral promoters and quantified their activity in E. coli with a reporter system. Only the promoter from the thymidine kinase gene from HSV1 showed no activity, while the polyhedrin promoter from baculovirus, the early immediate CMV promoter, the early SV40 promoter and the 5' LTR promoter from HIV-1 directed gene expression in E. coli. The determination of transcription start sites in the immediate early CMV promoter and the polyhedrin promoter confirmed the existence of bacterial -10 and -35 consensus sequences. The importance of this heterologous gene expression for safety considerations was further supported by analysing fusions between the aforementioned promoters and a promoter-less cytotoxin gene. CONCLUSION According to our results a high percentage of viral promoters have the ability of initiating gene expression in E. coli. The degree of such heterologous gene expression can be sufficient for the expression of toxin genes and must therefore be considered when defining safety measures for the handling of corresponding genetically modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Lewin
- Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Mayer
- HU-Berlin, Abt. Bakterienphysiologie, Chausseestr.117, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janet Chusainow
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI) 20 Biopolis Way, Centros Singapore 138668
| | - Daniela Jacob
- Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Appel
- Bundesintitut für Risikobewertung, Diedersdorfer Weg 112277 Berlin, Germany
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Kitagawa Y, Tani H, Limn CK, Matsunaga TM, Moriishi K, Matsuura Y. Ligand-directed gene targeting to mammalian cells by pseudotype baculoviruses. J Virol 2005; 79:3639-52. [PMID: 15731258 PMCID: PMC1075727 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.6.3639-3652.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) can infect a variety of mammalian cells, as well as insect cells, facilitating its use as a viral vector for gene delivery into mammalian cells. Glycoprotein gp64, a major component of the budded AcMNPV envelope, is involved in viral entry into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequent membrane fusion. We examined the potential production of pseudotype baculovirus particles transiently carrying ligands of interest in place of gp64 as a method of ligand-directed gene delivery into target cells. During amplification of a gp64-null pseudotype baculovirus carrying a green fluorescent protein gene in gp64-expressing insect cells, however, we observed the high-frequency appearance of a replication-competent virus incorporating the gp64 gene into the viral genome. To avoid generation of replication-competent revertants, we prepared pseudotype baculoviruses by transfection with recombinant bacmids without further amplification in the gp64-expressing cells. We constructed gp64-null recombinant bacmids carrying cDNAs encoding either vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSVG) or measles virus receptors (CD46 or SLAM). The VSVG pseudotype baculovirus efficiently transduced a reporter gene into a variety of mammalian cell lines, while CD46 and SLAM pseudotype baculoviruses allowed ligand-receptor-directed reporter gene transduction into target cells expressing measles virus envelope glycoproteins. Gene transduction mediated by the pseudotype baculoviruses could be inhibited by pretreatment with specific antibodies. These results indicate the possible application of pseudotype baculoviruses in ligand-directed gene delivery into target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Wu CY, Wang CH. Characterization and polyhedrin gene cloning of Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2005; 88:238-46. [PMID: 15955343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A baculovirus has been isolated from infected larvae of the casuarina moth, Lymantria xylina Swinehoe (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Taiwan. Ultrastructural observation revealed that this virus is a multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MNPV), and the name L. xylina MNPV (LyxyMNPV) was proposed. Restriction endonuclease (BamHI, EcoRI, and EcoRV) profiles of LyxyMNPV genome differed from those of other known NPVs. The size of the LyxyMNPV genome was estimated to be 154+/-1.26 kbp (mean+/-SE). The polyhedrin gene is located in the BamHI-D, EcoRI-C, and EcoRV-K fragments of LyxyMNPV genome. The gene organization of the LyxyMNPV EcoRV-K fragment and the phylogenetic analysis based on the polyhedrin gene sequences showed that LyxyMNPV is closely related to the L. dispar MNPV (LdMNPV). Furthermore, a rapid assay method was developed to distinguish LyxyMNPV from LdMNPV based on PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of polyhedrin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
The product of the vlf-1 (very late factor 1) gene is required for expression of very late genes during the final phase of infection. To determine whether VLF-1 functions as a transcriptional activator, VLF-1 was overexpressed and purified by affinity and cation exchange chromatography. The addition of purified protein to transcription assays containing baculovirus RNA polymerase stimulated transcription of the very late polyhedrin promoter but not the late 39k promoter. Furthermore, construction and analysis of chimeric templates identified sequences within the polyhedrin promoter that were necessary for enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni-Ann Mistretta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
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van Oers MM, Herniou EA, Usmany M, Messelink GJ, Vlak JM. Identification and characterization of a DNA photolyase-containing baculovirus from Chrysodeixis chalcites. Virology 2005; 330:460-70. [PMID: 15567439 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A hitherto unknown single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SNPV) with a unique property was isolated from larvae of the looper Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Plusiinae). Polyhedrin, lef-8, and pif-2 gene sequences were obtained by PCR with degenerate primers and used for phylogenetic analysis. ChchNPV belonged to class II NPVs and its polyhedrin sequence was most similar to that of class II NPVs of other members of the subfamily Plusiinae. Further genetic characterization involved the random cloning of HindIII fragments into a plasmid vector and analysis by end-in sequencing. A gene so far unique to baculoviruses was identified, which encodes a putative DNA repair enzyme: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) DNA photolyase (dpl). The transcriptional activity of this gene was demonstrated in both ChchNPV-infected C. chalcites larvae and infected Trichoplusia ni High Five cells by RT-PCR and 5' and 3' RACE analysis. The possible role of this gene in the biology of the virus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The polyhedrin (polh) gene of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) encodes for the matrix protein of the virus occlusion body and is one of the most conserved baculovirus genes. Previous analyses of different NPV genes and polh genes provided conflicting results indicating that the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is generally a member of the so-called group I NPVs and is most closely related to Rachiplusia ou (Ro) NPV, whereas the AcMNPV polh is more similar to the polh of the group II NPVs. A comparative analysis of the AcMNPV polh and its closest neighbours within group I and group II NPV, the RoMNPV and the Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Thor) NPV, was performed using Hidden Markov Models for detecting recombination. The result provided strong evidence that the AcMNPV polh is a chimerical gene which consists of a mosaic of group I and group II NPV specific sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Jehle
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Crop Protection, Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural Service Center Palatinate, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany.
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Graham RI, Tyne WI, Possee RD, Sait SM, Hails RS. Genetically variable nucleopolyhedroviruses isolated from spatially separate populations of the winter moth Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Orkney. J Invertebr Pathol 2004; 87:29-38. [PMID: 15491596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a lepidopteran system in which a pathogen is both abundant and genotypically variable. Geographically separate populations of winter moth (Operophtera brumata L.) were sampled in heather habitats on the Orkney Isles to investigate the prevalence of a pathogen, O. brumata Nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV), within the natural system. Virus was recorded in 11 of the 13 winter moth populations sampled, with two populations suffering mortality due to virus at levels of 50%. The virus genome from 200 single insect isolations was investigated for variation using restriction endonuclease digests. Twenty-six variants of OpbuNPV were detected using SalI. The polyhedrin gene of the virus was partially sequenced, allowing the relationship between the 26 variants to be portrayed as a cladogram. The phylogenetic relationship between OpbuNPV and other known baculovirus polyhedrin gene sequences was also established. The discovery of virus at such high prevalence is discussed with reference to occurrence and genetic variation of pathogens in other lepidopteran host populations. This study shows encouraging results for further studies into the role of pathogens in the regulation of host insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Graham
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
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32
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Lange M, Wang H, Zhihong H, Jehle JA. Towards a molecular identification and classification system of lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses. Virology 2004; 325:36-47. [PMID: 15231384 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Revised: 04/01/2004] [Accepted: 04/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Virus genomics provides novel approaches for virus identification and classification. Based on the comparative analyses of sequenced lepidopteran-specific baculovirus genomes, degenerate oligonucleotides were developed that allow the specific amplification of several regions of the genome using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing. The DNA sequences within the coding regions of three highly conserved genes, namely polyhedrin/granulin (polh/gran), late expression factor 8 (lef-8), and late expression factor 9 (lef-9), were targeted for amplification. The oligonucleotides were tested on viral DNAs isolated from historical field samples, and amplification products were generated from 12 isolated nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and 8 granulovirus (GV) DNAs. The PCR products were cloned or directly sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were inferred from individual and combined data sets of these three genes and compared to a phylogeny, which includes 22 baculoviruses using a combined data set of 30 core genes. This method allows a fast and reliable detection and identification of lepidopteran-specific NPVs and GVs. Furthermore, a strong correlation of the base composition of these three genome areas with that of the complete virus genome was observed and used to predict the base composition of uncharacterized baculovirus genomes. These analyses suggested that GVs have a significantly higher AT content than NPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lange
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Crop Protection, Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural Service Center Palatinate, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany
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33
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El-Salamouny S, Lange M, Jutzi M, Huber J, Jehle JA. Comparative study on the susceptibility of cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus and Agrotis ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2004; 84:75-82. [PMID: 14615215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The common cutworm (Agrotis segetum) and the black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) are serious soil pests of many vegetable and field crops all over the world. We have demonstrated the cross-infectivity of two baculoviruses, A. segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgseNPV) and A. ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipNPV) for these two insect pests. The susceptibility of A. segetum to AgipNPV was confirmed by DNA restriction endonuclease analyses of DNA isolated from virus harvested from infected A. segetum larvae. For an initial comparison of both viruses, partial polyhedrin sequences were amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Both viruses shared a very similar polyhedrin gene sequence resulting in only three amino acid substitutions. Phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrated that both viruses belong to NPV group II and are most closely related to a clade consisting of Spodoptera exigua NPV, Spodoptera frugiperda NPV, and Spodoptera littoralis NPV. Since AgipNPV shows high virulence for both cutworm species, it appears to be a suitable candidate as a single biological control agent of A. segetum and A. ipsilon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said El-Salamouny
- State Education and Research Center for Agriculture, Viticulture and Horticulture (SLFA), Biotechnological Crop Protection, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt/Weinstrasse, Germany
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Vialard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Ferber
- Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Virology and Environmental Microbiology, Oxford, UK
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Page
- Department of Cell Biology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, UK
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37
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Wang H, Deng F, Pijlman GP, Chen X, Sun X, Vlak JM, Hu Z. Cloning of biologically active genomes from a Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate by using a bacterial artificial chromosome. Virus Res 2003; 97:57-63. [PMID: 14602197 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purification of genotypes from baculovirus isolates provides understanding of the diversity of baculoviruses and may lead to the development of better pesticides. Here, we report the cloning of different genotypes from an isolate of Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) by using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). A transfer vector (pHZB10) was constructed which contained an Escherichia coli mini-F replicon cassette within the upstream and downstream arms of HaSNPV polyhedrin gene. Hz2e5 cells were co-transfected with wild-type HaSNPV DNA and pHZB10 to generate recombinant viruses by homologous recombination. The DNA of budded viruses (BVs) was used to transform E. coli. One of the bacmid colonies, HaBacHZ8, has restriction enzyme digestion profiles similar to an in vivo cloned strain HaSNPV-G4, the genome of which has been completely sequenced. For testing the oral infectivity, the polyhedrin gene of HaSNPV was reintroduced into HaBacHZ8 to generate the recombinant bacmid HaBacDF6. The results of one-step growth curves, electron microscopic examination, protein expression analysis and bioassays indicated that HaBacDF6 replicated as well as HaSNPV-G4 in vitro and in vivo. The biologically functional HaSNPV bacmids obtained in this research will facilitate future studies on the function genomics and genetic modification of HaSNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhong Wang
- Joint-Laboratory of Invertebrate Virology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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Abstract
Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV) is a baculovirus that affects E. aporema larvae and has proven to be a good candidate for the biocontrol of this important pest in South America. As part of the quality control of the production of a bioinsecticide based on EpapGV, a sensitive method was developed for the detection and quantitation of the virus. To this end, we used the major occlusion body (OB) protein (granulin) to generate polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Purified IgG fractions from hyperimmune sera were labeled with biotin and used as detecting antibodies in a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). No cross-reactivity was detected with any of the nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV) tested in this study, while a minor degree of reactivity was observed with the closely related Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV). The performance of the ELISA was satisfactory in terms of sensitivity, detecting as little as 0.53 ng/ml of EpapGV granulin in suspensions of purified virus OB. This represented 2.0x10(4) OB/ml. Granulin was also detected in complex and highly diluted bioinsecticidal formulate mixtures. In time course experiments, the virus was detected as early as 24 h post infection (p.i.). The results of the studies demonstrate that this method is a convenient, rapid and inexpensive alternative for routine detection and quantitation of EpapGV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Daniel Parola
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 49 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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Chang JH, Choi JY, Jin BR, Roh JY, Olszewski JA, Seo SJ, O'Reilly DR, Je YH. An improved baculovirus insecticide producing occlusion bodies that contain Bacillus thuringiensis insect toxin. J Invertebr Pathol 2003; 84:30-7. [PMID: 13678710 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2011(03)00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus occlusion bodies, large proteinaceous structures which contain virions, have recently been engineered to incorporate foreign proteins. The major constituent protein of occlusion bodies from the baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus is polyhedrin, and assembly of recombinant occlusion bodies which incorporate a foreign protein depends on an interaction between native polyhedrin and a polyhedrin-foreign protein fusion. This technology has now been applied to the generation of a recombinant baculovirus (ColorBtrus) that produces occlusion bodies incorporating the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal Cry1Ac toxin protein. ColorBtrus coexpresses native polyhedrin and a fusion protein in which polyhedrin is fused to the Bt toxin, which is in turn fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Analysis of ColorBtrus occlusion bodies confirmed that they include both Bt toxin and GFP, yet still incorporate virions. Bioassay of ColorBtrus demonstrated that its speed of action and pathogenicity are strikingly enhanced compared to wild-type virus. ColorBtrus represents a novel, powerful biological insecticide that combines positive attributes of both Bt toxin and baculovirus based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Chang
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Republic of Korea
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalene Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Jehle JA, Fritsch E, Huber J, Backhaus H. Intra-specific and inter-specific recombination of tortricid-specific granuloviruses during co-infection in insect larvae. Arch Virol 2003; 148:1317-33. [PMID: 12827463 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-003-0104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Intra-specific recombination between two genotypes of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), namely CV3 and CV4, was studied by mixed infection experiments of larvae of C. leucotreta, followed by in vivo cloning and DNA restriction enzyme analyses of isolated progeny viruses. As a prerequisite for these studies a comparative restriction map for of CV3 and CV4 was constructed for eight restriction enzymes. The mixed infection experiments resulted in the isolation of the recombinant CrleGV CVR, which contained restriction sites typical for both parental viruses. Inter-specific recombination between two different granulovirus species, namely CrleGV CV3 and Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV), was analogously investigated by mixed infections of larvae of C. leucotreta. A survey of more than 300 isolated CrleGV and CpGV clones did not reveal any recombinant, which indicated an extremely low recombination frequency in these experiments. By using a specific PCR approach, however, chimerical fragments from the highly conserved granulin gene sequence could be observed in DNA preparations of virus progeny. Cloning and sequencing indicated recombination between CrleGV and CpGV DNA. Our results suggest that recombination between granulovirus genotypes and granulovirus species result in eventually viable viruses and may contribute to the genetic diversity in this virus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jehle
- Staatliche Lehr- und Forschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Weinbau und Gartenbau, SG Biotechnologischer Pflanzenschutz, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany.
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42
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Yang K, Pang Y. [Establishment of Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus BAC-TO-BAC expression system]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2003; 19:412-8. [PMID: 15969056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Present studies describe the successful establishment of Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) BAC-TO-BAC expression system. The mini-F-lacZ-attTn7-kan fragment (Luckow et al, 1993) was inserted into SeMNPV US1 isolate (SeUS1) at polyhedrin gene locus by directly cloning. The recombinant virus containing low-copy-number mini-F replication, which named bacmid, can propagate in Escherichia coli. Because SeUS1 isolate is make up of several genotypes and one bacmid carries one SeMNPV genotype, the SeUS1 BAC library is established by all SeMNPV bacmids (SeBAC). REN analysis for 111 SeBAC shows that SeUS1 consists of the genotype with whole SeMNPV genetic information and several genotypes with various different deletions. Progeny virus can be produced in insect cell line after transfection with SeBAC10, which carries the whole SeMNPV genome. So SeBAC10 is a shuttle vector that can replicate in eukaryocyte as well as prokaryocyte. Considering the insert mutation of SeMNPV polyhedrin gene (Seph) in SeBAC10, Seph was reintroduced into the bacmid by site-specific transposon-mediated insertion at attTn7, the target site for the bacterial transposon Tn7. The derived recombinant SeBAC10 was named SeBAC10ph. After SeBAC10ph was transfected into Se301 cells (a susceptible insect cell line to SeMNPV), cytopathogenic effect was shown and polyhedra appeared, which indicate that the foreign gene (Seph) is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Gritsun TS, Mikhailov MV, Gould EA. A rapid and simple procedure for direct cloning of PCR products into baculoviruses. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 192:153-63. [PMID: 12494648 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-177-9:153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Ishikawa H, Ikeda M, Yanagimoto K, Alves CAF, Katou Y, Laviña-Caoili BA, Kobayashi M. Induction of apoptosis in an insect cell line, IPLB-Ld652Y, infected with nucleopolyhedroviruses. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:705-714. [PMID: 12604823 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.18815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ld652Y cells derived from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, were infected with seven different nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) including those from Autographa californica, Bombyx mori (BmNPV), Hyphantria cunea (HycuNPV), Spodoptera exigua (SeMNPV), L. dispar, Orgyia pseudotsugata (OpMNPV) and Spodoptera litura (SpltMNPV). The results showed that Ld652Y cells infected with BmNPV, HycuNPV, SeMNPV, OpMNPV and SpltMNPV underwent apoptosis, displaying apoptotic bodies, characteristic DNA fragmentation and increased caspase-3-like protease activity; HycuNPV induced the most severe apoptosis. In HycuNPV-infected Ld652Y cells, a considerable amount of viral DNA was synthesized although there was no detectable yield of budded virions and polyhedrin. Northern blot and immunoblot analyses revealed that HycuNPV inhibitor of apoptosis 3 (IAP3), which has been shown to function in Sf9 cells, was expressed in HycuNPV-infected Ld652Y cells at a level higher than or comparable with that in HycuNPV-infected SpIm cells, which produced a high titre of progeny virions without any apoptotic response. These results imply that the relative ease of apoptosis induction in NPV-infected Ld652Y cells is largely dependent on inherent cellular properties rather than functions of the respective NPVs, and indicate that the defect in progeny virion production is not merely due to the virus-induced apoptosis in HycuNPV-infected Ld652Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Motoko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yanagimoto
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Cristiano A Felipe Alves
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katou
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Barbara A Laviña-Caoili
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Regev A, Rivkin H, Inceoglu B, Gershburg E, Hammock BD, Gurevitz M, Chejanovsky N. Further enhancement of baculovirus insecticidal efficacy with scorpion toxins that interact cooperatively. FEBS Lett 2003; 537:106-10. [PMID: 12606040 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have studied whether the cooperative insecticidal effect of certain scorpion toxin pairs, namely either a combination of excitatory and depressant, or alpha and depressant scorpion toxins, would improve the efficacy of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) over a virus expressing only a single toxin, towards Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa armigera, and Spodoptera littoralis larvae. The best result was achieved by combined expression of the excitatory toxin, LqhIT1, and the depressant toxin, LqhIT2, that provided an ET(50) value of 46.9 h on H. virescens neonates, an improvement of 40% over the efficacy of wild-type AcMNPV, and of 18% and 22% over baculoviruses that express each of the toxins independently. These results demonstrate that significant improvement in efficacy of recombinant baculoviruses is obtainable with toxins that exhibit a cooperative effect, and may contribute to employ baculoviruses to replace hazardous chemicals in insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Regev
- Entomology Department, Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Tomiya N, Howe D, Aumiller JJ, Pathak M, Park J, Palter KB, Jarvis DL, Betenbaugh MJ, Lee YC. Complex-type biantennary N-glycans of recombinant human transferrin from Trichoplusia ni insect cells expressing mammalian [beta]-1,4-galactosyltransferase and [beta]-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II. Glycobiology 2003; 13:23-34. [PMID: 12634321 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwg012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel recombinant baculovirus expression vector was used to produce His-tagged human transferrin in a transformed insect cell line (Tn5beta4GalT) that constitutively expresses a mammalian beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. This virus encoded the His-tagged human transferrin protein in conventional fashion under the control of the very late polyhedrin promoter. In addition, to enhance the synthesis of galactosylated biantennary N-glycans, this virus encoded human beta-1,2- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II under the control of an immediate-early (ie1) promoter. Detailed analyses by MALDI-TOF MS, exoglycosidase digestion, and two-dimensional HPLC revealed that the N-glycans on the purified recombinant human transferrin produced by this virus-host system included four different fully galactosylated, biantennary, complex-type glycans. Thus, this study describes a novel baculovirus-host system, which can be used to produce a recombinant glycoprotein with fully galactosylated, biantennary N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Tomiya
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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47
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Abstract
The bean shoot borer, Epinotia aporema (Lep. Tortricidae), is an economically important pest of legume crops in South America. Recently, a granulovirus (EpapGV) was isolated from E. aporema larvae, and evaluated as a potential biological control agent. In order to generate a restriction map and to investigate the gene organisation of EpapGV genome, DNA isolated from occlusion bodies as well as a set of cloned genomic fragments were analysed using combinations of restriction endonucleases and Southern blot analyses that lead to a first version of the physical map. It was subsequently confirmed and refined by sequencing the termini of the cloned fragments and assessing their contiguity by comparing the sequences with databases to identify putative ORFs spanning neighbour fragments. This was also aided by PCR amplifications with primers that pointed outwards of the cloned viral DNA. The granulin gene was positioned on the physical map, cloned and sequenced. Its 747-nucleotide-long ORF encodes a predicted protein of 29 kDa and the core of the baculovirus very late promoter ATAAG was found 29 nucleotides upstream the initiation codon. In addition, 27 putative ORFs were located on the map and used to explore the genome organisation by GeneParityPlot against the fully sequenced granulovirus genomes. These data, taken together with the phylogenetic tree generated by alignment of the major occlusion proteins, indicate that EpapGV is closely related to CpGV, but has a distinct gene organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Parola
- Institute de Bioquimica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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48
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Goldberg AV, Romanowski V, Federici BA, Sciocco de Cap A. Effects of the Epap granulovirus on its host, Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2002; 80:148-59. [PMID: 12384081 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The bean shoot borer, Epinotia aporema, is a major pest of soybeans in Argentina. Larvae of this pest are attacked by a granulovirus (EpapGV) that is the most important cause of sporadic epizootics in E. aporema populations. We studied the pathology of this virus in last-instar larvae using light and electron microscopy, and evaluated the effect of the disease on larval growth and development. EpapGV caused a polyorganotropic infection. No nucleocapsids were observed in the nuclei of infected cells prior to nuclear membrane disruption. Nevertheless, granulin was detected in the nucleus by immuno-gold staining, indicating that late gene expression occurred prior to nuclear membrane disruption. Establishment of the virogenic stroma led to complexes of continuous parallel convoluted membranous sheets. Nucleocapsids were enveloped in these areas to form virions, which were then occluded. Apparently as part of the cell-to-cell spread of infection, nucleocapsids were observed enclosed in large numbers within membrane-bound vesicles located between the cells and basal lamina. Larvae infected by EpapGV suffered a retardation of development and typically failed to pupate, but exhibited a weight increase greater than that of healthy E. aporema.
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Cha HJ, Dalal NG, Pham MQ, Kramer SF, Vakharia VN, Bentley WE. Monitoring foreign protein expression under baculovirus p10 and polh promoters in insect larvae. Biotechniques 2002; 32:986, 988, 990 passim. [PMID: 12019794 DOI: 10.2144/02325bm02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H J Cha
- University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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50
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Abstract
Knowledge of the mechanisms of pathogen persistence in relation to fluctuations in host density is crucial to our understanding of disease dynamics. In the case of insect baculoviruses, which are typically transmitted horizontally via a lifestage that can persist outside the host, a key issue that remains to be elucidated is whether the virus can also be transmitted vertically as a sublethal infection. We show that RNA transcripts for the Plodia interpunctella GV granulin gene are present in a high proportion of P. interpunctella insects that survive virus challenge. Granulin is a late-expressed gene that is only transcribed after viral genome replication, its presence thus strongly indicates that viral genome replication has occurred. Almost all insects surviving the virus challenge tested positive for viral RNA in the larval and pupal stage. However, this proportion declined in the emerging adults. Granulin mRNA was also detected in both the ovaries and testes, which may represent a putative mechanism by which reduced fecundity in sublethally affected hosts might be manifested. RNA transcripts were also detected in 60-80% of second-generation larvae that were derived from mating surviving adults, but there was no difference between the sexes, with both males and females capable of transmitting a sublethal infection to their offspring. The data indicate that low-level persistent infection, with at least limited gene expression, can occur in P. interpunctella following survival of a granulovirus challenge. We believe that this is the first demonstration of a persistent, sublethal infection by a baculovirus to be initiated by a sublethal virus dose. We hypothesize that the 'latent' baculovirus infections frequently referred to in the literature may also be low level persistent, sublethal infections resulting from survival from initial baculovirus exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Burden
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology - Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
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