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Krawic JR, Ladd NA, Cansler M, McMurtrey C, Devereaux J, Worley A, Ahmed T, Froyd C, Kulicke CA, Swarbrick G, Nilsen A, Lewinsohn DM, Adams EJ, Hildebrand W. Multiple Isomers of Photolumazine V Bind MR1 and Differentially Activate MAIT Cells. J Immunol 2024; 212:933-940. [PMID: 38275935 PMCID: PMC10909690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In response to microbial infection, the nonclassical Ag-presenting molecule MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1) presents secondary microbial metabolites to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. In this study, we further characterize the repertoire of ligands captured by MR1 produced in Hi5 (Trichoplusia ni) cells from Mycobacterium smegmatis via mass spectrometry. We describe the (to our knowledge) novel MR1 ligand photolumazine (PL)V, a hydroxyindolyl-ribityllumazine with four isomers differing in the positioning of a hydroxyl group. We show that all four isomers are produced by M. smegmatis in culture and that at least three can induce MR1 surface translocation. Furthermore, human MAIT cell clones expressing distinct TCR β-chains differentially responded to the PLV isomers, demonstrating that the subtle positioning of a single hydroxyl group modulates TCR recognition. This study emphasizes structural microheterogeneity within the MR1 Ag repertoire and the remarkable selectivity of MAIT cell TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Krawic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Nicole A. Ladd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Meghan Cansler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Jordan Devereaux
- Oregon Health and Sciences University Medicinal Chemistry Core, Portland, OR
| | - Aneta Worley
- Research and Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
| | - Tania Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Cara Froyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Corinna A. Kulicke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Por
| | - Gwendolyn Swarbrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Oregon Health and Sciences University Medicinal Chemistry Core, Portland, OR
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Research and Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Por
| | - Erin J. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - William Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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2
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Riffelmacher T, Paynich Murray M, Wientjens C, Chandra S, Cedillo-Castelán V, Chou TF, McArdle S, Dillingham C, Devereaux J, Nilsen A, Brunel S, Lewinsohn DM, Hasty J, Seumois G, Benedict CA, Vijayanand P, Kronenberg M. Divergent metabolic programmes control two populations of MAIT cells that protect the lung. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:877-891. [PMID: 37231163 PMCID: PMC10264248 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells provide rapid, innate-like responses, they are not pre-set, and memory-like responses have been described for MAIT cells following infections. The importance of metabolism for controlling these responses, however, is unknown. Here, following pulmonary immunization with a Salmonella vaccine strain, mouse MAIT cells expanded as separate CD127-Klrg1+ and CD127+Klrg1- antigen-adapted populations that differed in terms of their transcriptome, function and localization in lung tissue. These populations remained altered from steady state for months as stable, separate MAIT cell lineages with enhanced effector programmes and divergent metabolism. CD127+ MAIT cells engaged in an energetic, mitochondrial metabolic programme, which was critical for their maintenance and IL-17A synthesis. This programme was supported by high fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial oxidation and relied on highly polarized mitochondria and autophagy. After vaccination, CD127+ MAIT cells protected mice against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. In contrast, Klrg1+ MAIT cells had dormant but ready-to-respond mitochondria and depended instead on Hif1a-driven glycolysis to survive and produce IFN-γ. They responded antigen independently and participated in protection from influenza virus. These metabolic dependencies may enable tuning of memory-like MAIT cell responses for vaccination and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Riffelmacher
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Nilsen
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Simon Brunel
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeff Hasty
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Šileikytė J, Devereaux J, de Jong J, Schiavone M, Jones K, Nilsen A, Bernardi P, Forte M, Cohen MS. Second-Generation Inhibitors of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore with Improved Plasma Stability. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1771-1782. [PMID: 31423734 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ and oxidative stress leads to the opening of a high-conductance channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane referred to as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). Because mtPTP opening can lead to cell death under diverse pathophysiological conditions, inhibitors of mtPTP are potential therapeutics for various human diseases. High throughput screening efforts led to the identification of a 3-carboxamide-5-phenol-isoxazole compounds as mtPTP inhibitors. While they showed nanomolar potency against mtPTP, they exhibited poor plasma stability, precluding their use in in vivo studies. Herein, we describe a series of structurally related analogues in which the core isoxazole was replaced with a triazole, which resulted in an improvement in plasma stability. These analogues were readily generated using the copper-catalyzed "click chemistry". One analogue, N-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-1-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide (TR001), was efficacious in a zebrafish model of muscular dystrophy that results from mtPTP dysfunction whereas the isoxazole isostere had minimal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Šileikytė
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jordan Devereaux
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jelle de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Kristen Jones
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Forte
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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4
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a principal regulator of essential processes in vertebrate physiology and homeostasis. Synthetic derivatives of thyroid hormone, known as thyromimetics, display desirable therapeutic properties. Thoroughly understanding how thyromimetics distribute throughout the body is crucial for their development and this requires appropriate bioanalytical techniques to quantify drug levels in different tissues. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the quantification of the thyromimetic sobetirome using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Devereaux
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Skylar J Ferrara
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Thomas S Scanlan
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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5
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Devereaux J, Ferrara SJ, Banerji T, Placzek AT, Scanlan TS. Increasing Thyromimetic Potency through Halogen Substitution. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2459-2465. [PMID: 27731931 PMCID: PMC5389920 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sobetirome is one of the most studied thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ)-selective thyromimetics in the field due to its excellent selectivity and potency. A small structural change-replacing the 3,5-dimethyl groups of sobetirome with either chlorine or bromine-produces significantly more potent compounds, both in vitro and in vivo. These halogenated compounds induce transactivation of a TRβ-mediated cell-based reporter with an EC50 value comparable to that of T3, access the central nervous system (CNS) at levels similar to their parent, and activate an endogenous TR-regulated gene in the brain with an EC50 value roughly five-fold lower than that of sobetirome. Previous studies suggest that this apparent increase in affinity can be explained by halogen bonding between the ligand and a backbone carbonyl group in the receptor. This makes the new analogues potential candidates for treating CNS disorders that may respond favorably to thyroid-hormone-stimulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Devereaux
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Skylar J Ferrara
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tania Banerji
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew T Placzek
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thomas S Scanlan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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