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Khoo WH, Jackson K, Phetsouphanh C, Zaunders JJ, Alquicira-Hernandez J, Yazar S, Ruiz-Diaz S, Singh M, Dhenni R, Kyaw W, Tea F, Merheb V, Lee FX, Burrell R, Howard-Jones A, Koirala A, Zhou L, Yuksel A, Catchpoole DR, Lai CL, Vitagliano TL, Rouet R, Christ D, Tang B, West NP, George S, Gerrard J, Croucher PI, Kelleher AD, Goodnow CG, Sprent JD, Powell JE, Brilot F, Nanan R, Hsu PS, Deenick EK, Britton PN, Phan TG. Tracking the clonal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in children and adults with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2023; 246:109209. [PMID: 36539107 PMCID: PMC9758763 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop less severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than adults. The mechanisms for the age-specific differences and the implications for infection-induced immunity are beginning to be uncovered. We show by longitudinal multimodal analysis that SARS-CoV-2 leaves a small footprint in the circulating T cell compartment in children with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 compared to adult household contacts with the same disease severity who had more evidence of systemic T cell interferon activation, cytotoxicity and exhaustion. Children harbored diverse polyclonal SARS-CoV-2-specific naïve T cells whereas adults harbored clonally expanded SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells. A novel population of naïve interferon-activated T cells is expanded in acute COVID-19 and is recruited into the memory compartment during convalescence in adults but not children. This was associated with the development of robust CD4+ memory T cell responses in adults but not children. These data suggest that rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in children may compromise their cellular immunity and ability to resist reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - John J. Zaunders
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - José Alquicira-Hernandez
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Mandeep Singh
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rama Dhenni
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wunna Kyaw
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona Tea
- Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vera Merheb
- Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona X.Z. Lee
- Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Burrell
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Archana Koirala
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Zhou
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aysen Yuksel
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel R. Catchpoole
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine L. Lai
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Romain Rouet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Christ
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,Respiratory Tract Infection Research Node, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- Systems Biology and Data Science, Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Parklands, Australia
| | - Shane George
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Children's Critical Care, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia,School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - John Gerrard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter I. Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Christopher G. Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia,UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Sprent
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia,Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter S. Hsu
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elissa K. Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip N. Britton
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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