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Valenzuela JC, Escalona M, Loch O, Veloso F, Díaz JP. Comparison of round and knife-edge-like cathodes on gas-puff implosions. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:025202. [PMID: 37723766 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.025202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Preionization is believed to play an important role on the implosion of gas-puff Z pinches. Some experiments have used an external preionization source, e.g., UV light or electron beam. In contrast, other experiments rely completely on over voltage breakdown by the own generator's voltage pulse. However, this approach lacks shot-to-shot reproducibility since self-breakdown is mainly a stochastic process. In this work, we performed a systematic study on self-breakdown using two different cathode geometries: (i) a smooth, round cathode to provide a homogeneous electric field, (ii) a sharp, knife-edge-like geometry to enhance the electric field locally and eventually electron emission. The experiments were carried out on the Llampudken current generator, which provides a current pulse of ∼400kA amplitude and 200 ns rise time (10%-90%). We implemented gated XUV imaging, filtered diodes and time-integrated x-ray imaging to obtain information about the implosion as well as the stagnation phase for the two cathode geometries. We found that erosion of the knife-edge cathode might be a serious problem, and we had to replace it every 15 shots. On the other hand, the round cathode lasted for the whole series of experiments. We also measured a more reproducible and larger peak current for the knife cathode. From the photo-conductive detectors we observed that even if the round cathode might present shots with higher x-ray yield compared to the knife cathode, dispersion is almost twice as large. Moreover, after a statistic analysis, it is demonstrated that the dispersion in the yield is due solely to differences imposed by the cathodes and not to variations in the driver, as no correlation was found between them. We found that in order to fit the experimental data with the snowplow model, only ∼60% of the total mass is compressed in the knife cathode while ∼20% for the round one, highlighting the importance of the cathode and preionization. Therefore, we conclude that the use of the knife cathode increases the reproducibility of the experiment in comparison with the round cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Valenzuela
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - M Escalona
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - O Loch
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - F Veloso
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - J P Díaz
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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2
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Alfonso B, Sansón M, Sangil C, Expósito FJ, Díaz JP, Hernández JC. Herbarium macroalgae specimens reveal a rapid reduction of thallus size and reproductive effort related with climate change. Mar Environ Res 2022; 174:105546. [PMID: 34968841 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and forecasting the effects of climate changes on vulnerable species are leading concerns for ecologists and conservation biologists. Herbaria are invaluable for use in long-term data series, and one of the few available methods for quantifying biodiversity changes over large periods of time. Gelidium canariense is an endemic and habitat-forming macroalga of the Canary Islands that coexists with two other habitat-forming Gelidiales: G. arbuscula and Pterocladiella capillacea. This study assesses long-term changes in thallus size and reproductive effort of all specimens deposited in the Herbarium of Universidad de La Laguna of these three Gelidiales species. Also assessed were the effects of seawater temperature and increased incident light on net primary production (NPP), and the effects of extreme desiccation conditions on the relative water content and NPP of the three Gelidiales species. The length of the thallus of the endemic species G. canariense was halved during the past 40 years. The shortening of the thallus coincided with a significant decrease in the number of reproductive structures in both Gelidium species. These morphological changes coincide with a significant increase of the sea surface temperature, air temperature above sea surface and ultraviolet radiation in the studied area. The experiments have revealed the deleterious effects of extreme desiccation and extreme irradiance on all three species. Hence, these results suggest that air temperature and irradiance are related with these morphological changes over time in the habitat-forming Gelidium species and that are most likely compromising the survival of their populations which are already declining.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alfonso
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - M Sansón
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - C Sangil
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - F J Expósito
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J P Díaz
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J C Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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García de Guadiana-Romualdo L, Morell-García D, Favaloro EJ, Vílchez JA, Bauça JM, Alcaide Martín MJ, Gutiérrez Garcia I, de la Hera Cagigal P, Egea-Caparrós JM, Pérez Sanmartín S, Gutiérrez Revilla JI, Urrechaga E, Álamo JM, Hernando Holgado AM, Lorenzo-Lozano MC, Canalda Campás M, Juncos Tobarra MA, Morales-Indiano C, Vírseda Chamorro I, Pastor Murcia Y, Sahuquillo Frías L, Altimira Queral L, Nuez-Zaragoza E, Adell Ruiz de León J, Ruiz Ripa A, Salas Gómez-Pablos P, Cebreiros López I, Fernández Uriarte A, Larruzea A, López Yepes ML, Sancho-Rodríguez N, Zamorano Andrés MC, Pedregosa Díaz J, Sáenz L, Esparza Del Valle C, Baamonde Calzada MC, García Muñoz S, Vera M, Martín Torres E, Sánchez Fdez-Pacheco S, Vicente Gutiérrez L, Jiménez Añón L, Pérez Martínez A, Pons Castillo A, González Tamayo R, Férriz Vivancos J, Rodríguez-Fraga O, Díaz-Brito V, Aguadero V, García Arévalo MG, Arnaldos Carrillo M, González Morales M, Núñez Gárate M, Ruiz Iruela C, Esteban Torrella P, Vila Pérez M, Acevedo Alcaraz C, Blázquez-Manzanera AL, Galán Ortega A. Harmonized D-dimer levels upon admission for prognosis of COVID-19 severity: Results from a Spanish multicenter registry (BIOCOVID-Spain study). J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:103-112. [PMID: 34272635 PMCID: PMC8284690 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coagulopathy is a key feature of COVID-19 and D-dimer has been reported as a predictor of severity. However, because D-dimer test results vary considerably among assays, resolving harmonization issues is fundamental to translate findings into clinical practice. In this retrospective multicenter study (BIOCOVID study), we aimed to analyze the value of harmonized D-dimer levels upon admission for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. All-cause in-hospital mortality was defined as endpoint. For harmonization of D-dimer levels, we designed a model based on the transformation of method-specific regression lines to a reference regression line. The ability of D-dimer for prediction of death was explored by receiver operating characteristic curves analysis and the association with the endpoint by Cox regression analysis. Study population included 2663 patients. In-hospital mortality rate was 14.3%. Harmonized D-dimer upon admission yielded an area under the curve of 0.66, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.945 mg/L FEU. Patients with harmonized D-dimer ≥ 0.945 mg/L FEU had a higher mortality rate (22.4% vs. 9.2%; p < 0.001). D-dimer was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.709. This is the first study in which a harmonization approach was performed to assure comparability of D-dimer levels measured by different assays. Elevated D-dimer levels upon admission were associated with a greater risk of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients, but had limited performance as prognostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García de Guadiana-Romualdo
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, C/ Mezquita, s/n, Paraje Los Arcos, Santa Lucía, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Daniel Morell-García
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Haematology, Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Juan A Vílchez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josep M Bauça
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Pérez Sanmartín
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose M Álamo
- Biochemical Laboratory, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María A Juncos Tobarra
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristian Morales-Indiano
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Pastor Murcia
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Laura Altimira Queral
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Elisa Nuez-Zaragoza
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Ruiz Ripa
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya. Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | | | - Iria Cebreiros López
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Alex Larruzea
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Fundació Sanitària Hospital de Mollet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Sáenz
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Rafael Méndez, Lorca, Spain
| | - Clara Esparza Del Valle
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Sara García Muñoz
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marina Vera
- Biochemical Laboratory, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Vicente Gutiérrez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez Añón
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ruth González Tamayo
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrevieja, Torrevieja, Spain
| | - Jorge Férriz Vivancos
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vicens Díaz-Brito
- Internal Medicine Department, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu,, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Vicente Aguadero
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - M G García Arévalo
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes González Morales
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, C/ Mezquita, s/n, Paraje Los Arcos, Santa Lucía, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Ruiz Iruela
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Fundació Sanitària Hospital de Mollet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martí Vila Pérez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Verge de La Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Cristina Acevedo Alcaraz
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Los Arcos del Mar Menor, San Javier, Spain
| | | | - Amparo Galán Ortega
- Comisión de Magnitudes Biológicas Relacionadas Con La Urgencia Médica, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQC-ML), Barcelona, Spain
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García de Guadiana-Romualdo L, Morell-García D, Rodríguez-Fraga O, Morales-Indiano C, María Lourdes Padilla Jiménez A, Gutiérrez Revilla JI, Urrechaga E, Álamo JM, Hernando Holgado AM, Lorenzo-Lozano MDC, Sánchez Fdez-Pacheco S, de la Hera Cagigal P, Juncos Tobarra MÁ, Vílchez JA, Vírseda Chamorro I, Gutiérrez Garcia I, Pastor Murcia Y, Sahuquillo Frías L, Altimira Queral L, Nuez-Zaragoza E, Adell Ruiz de León J, Ruiz Ripa A, Salas Gómez-Pablos P, Cebreiros López I, Fernández Uriarte A, Larruzea Á, López Yepes ML, Sancho-Rodríguez N, Zamorano Andrés MC, Pedregosa Díaz J, Acevedo Alcaraz C, Blázquez Manzanera AL, Pérez Sanmartín S, Baamonde Calzada MDC, Vera M, Valera Nuñez E, Canalda Campás M, García Muñoz S, Bauça JM, Vicente Gutiérrez L, Jiménez Añón L, Pérez Martínez A, Pons Castillo A, González Tamayo R, Férriz Vivancos J, José Alcaide Martín M, Ferrer Díaz de Brito Fernández V, Aguadero V, García Arévalo MG, Arnaldos Carrillo M, González Morales M, Núñez Gárate M, Ruiz Iruela C, Esteban Torrella P, Vila Pérez M, Egea-Caparrós JM, Sáenz L, Galán Ortega A, Consuegra-Sánchez L. Cardiac troponin and COVID-19 severity: Results from BIOCOVID study. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13532. [PMID: 33660278 PMCID: PMC7995181 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial injury is a common finding in COVID-19 strongly associated with severity. We analysed the prevalence and prognostic utility of myocardial injury, characterized by elevated cardiac troponin, in a large population of COVID-19 patients, and further evaluated separately the role of troponin T and I. METHODS This is a multicentre, retrospective observational study enrolling patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized in 32 Spanish hospitals. Elevated troponin levels were defined as values above the sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limit, as recommended by international guidelines. Thirty-day mortality was defined as endpoint. RESULTS A total of 1280 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, of whom 187 (14.6%) died during the hospitalization. Using a nonspecific sex cut-off, elevated troponin levels were found in 344 patients (26.9%), increasing to 384 (30.0%) when a sex-specific cut-off was used. This prevalence was significantly higher (42.9% vs 21.9%; P < .001) in patients in whom troponin T was measured in comparison with troponin I. Sex-specific elevated troponin levels were significantly associated with 30-day mortality, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 3.00 for total population, 3.20 for cardiac troponin T and 3.69 for cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSION In this multicentre study, myocardial injury was a common finding in COVID-19 patients. Its prevalence increased when a sex-specific cut-off and cardiac troponin T were used. Elevated troponin was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality, irrespective of cardiac troponin assay and cut-offs to detect myocardial injury. Hence, the early measurement of cardiac troponin may be useful for risk stratification in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Morell-García
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Cristian Morales-Indiano
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José María Álamo
- Biochemical Laboratory, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan A Vílchez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Yolanda Pastor Murcia
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Laura Altimira Queral
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Nuez-Zaragoza
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Consorci Corporació Sanitària Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Ruiz Ripa
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Iria Cebreiros López
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Álex Larruzea
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Fundació Sanitària Mollet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Acevedo Alcaraz
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Los Arcos del Mar Menor, San Javier, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Pérez Sanmartín
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marina Vera
- Biochemical Laboratory, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Spain
| | - Elena Valera Nuñez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Sara García Muñoz
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josep Miquel Bauça
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Vicente Gutiérrez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez Añón
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ruth González Tamayo
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrevieja, Torrevieja, Spain
| | - Jorge Férriz Vivancos
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Vicente Aguadero
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Consorci Corporació Sanitària Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Ruiz Iruela
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Fundació Sanitària Mollet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martí Vila Pérez
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | | | - Luis Sáenz
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Rafael Méndez, Lorca, Spain
| | - Amparo Galán Ortega
- Comisión de Magnitudes Biológicas relacionadas con la Urgencia Médica, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQC-ML), Barcelona, Spain
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Díaz JP, Navarro M, López H, López MC. Determination of selenium levels in dairy products and drinks by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry: correlation with daily dietary intake. Food Addit Contam 1997; 14:109-14. [PMID: 9102343 DOI: 10.1080/02652039709374505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The selenium concentrations in different dairy products and drinks in the Mediterranean coastal area of southeastern Spain have been determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Mineralization was carried out with an HNO3-HClO4 mixture (4:1) in a thermostatted sand bath. Selenium determination was carried out by the standard addition method. Mean concentrations obtained in diary products varied from 6.87 ng/g (rice pudding) to 178.90 ng/g (caramel custard), and those in drinks from 0.256 micrograms/l (wine) to 2.879 micrograms/l (pineapple juice). Repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, ranged from 5.06% to 13.25%. The results obtained from the recovery studies were proximate to 100%. Considering the mean daily individual consumption of these foods in Andalusia (southern Spain), the daily dietary intake of selenium supplied by this source is 5.869 micrograms per person per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Díaz
- Department of Nutritional and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
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Requero AM, Díaz JP, Ayuso-Parrilla MS, Parrilla R. On the mechanism of the glucagon-induced inhibition of hepatic protein synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 195:223-34. [PMID: 224812 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ortíz Leyba C, Rodríguez-Piñero J, Díaz JP, Sanchez Guijo P, Ortíz JV, Núñex Castain C, Medina Redondo F. [Glycoproteins and liver. I. Behavior of the spectrum of serum glycoproteins in hepatic cirrhosis]. Rev Clin Esp 1974; 134:343-50. [PMID: 4445542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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