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Huddell AM, Thapa R, Marcillo GS, Abendroth LJ, Ackroyd VJ, Armstrong SD, Asmita G, Bagavathiannan MV, Balkcom KS, Basche A, Beam S, Bradley K, Canisares LP, Darby H, Davis AS, Devkota P, Dick WA, Evans JA, Everman WJ, de Almeida TF, Flessner ML, Fultz LM, Gailans S, Hashemi M, Haymaker J, Helmers MJ, Jordan N, Kaspar TC, Ketterings QM, Kladivko E, Kravchenko A, Law EP, Lazaro L, Leon RG, Liebert J, Lindquist J, Loria K, McVane JM, Miller JO, Mulvaney MJ, Nkongolo NV, Norsworthy JK, Parajuli B, Pelzer C, Peterson C, Poffenbarger H, Poudel P, Reiter MS, Ruark M, Ryan MR, Samuelson S, Sawyer JE, Seehaver S, Shergill LS, Upadhyaya YR, VanGessel M, Waggoner AL, Wallace JM, Wells S, White C, Wolters B, Woodley A, Ye R, Youngerman E, Needelman BA, Mirsky SB. U.S. cereal rye winter cover crop growth database. Sci Data 2024; 11:200. [PMID: 38351049 PMCID: PMC10864324 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Winter cover crop performance metrics (i.e., vegetative biomass quantity and quality) affect ecosystem services provisions, but they vary widely due to differences in agronomic practices, soil properties, and climate. Cereal rye (Secale cereale) is the most common winter cover crop in the United States due to its winter hardiness, low seed cost, and high biomass production. We compiled data on cereal rye winter cover crop performance metrics, agronomic practices, and soil properties across the eastern half of the United States. The dataset includes a total of 5,695 cereal rye biomass observations across 208 site-years between 2001-2022 and encompasses a wide range of agronomic, soils, and climate conditions. Cereal rye biomass values had a mean of 3,428 kg ha-1, a median of 2,458 kg ha-1, and a standard deviation of 3,163 kg ha-1. The data can be used for empirical analyses, to calibrate, validate, and evaluate process-based models, and to develop decision support tools for management and policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Huddell
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Resham Thapa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Lori J Abendroth
- USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Victoria J Ackroyd
- Department of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Gautam Asmita
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea Basche
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Shawn Beam
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Heather Darby
- University of Vermont Extension, St. Albans, VT, USA
| | - Adam S Davis
- USDA-ARS, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pratap Devkota
- West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Jay, FL, USA
| | - Warren A Dick
- School of Environment and Resources, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | | | - Wesley J Everman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael L Flessner
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lisa M Fultz
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Masoud Hashemi
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Haymaker
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, USA
| | - Matthew J Helmers
- Iowa Nutrient Research Center, Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas Jordan
- Agronomy and Plant Genetics Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Thomas C Kaspar
- USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Quirine M Ketterings
- Nutrient Management Spear Program, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eileen Kladivko
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Kravchenko
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eugene P Law
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lauren Lazaro
- Blue River Technology, and Lousiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ramon G Leon
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liebert
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Lindquist
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kristen Loria
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Jodie M McVane
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jarrod O Miller
- Carvel Research and Education Center, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, USA
| | - Michael J Mulvaney
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | | | - Jason K Norsworthy
- University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Binaya Parajuli
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Christopher Pelzer
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Cara Peterson
- Department of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Poffenbarger
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pratima Poudel
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Mark S Reiter
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, USA
| | - Matt Ruark
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew R Ryan
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Spencer Samuelson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John E Sawyer
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sarah Seehaver
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Yogendra Raj Upadhyaya
- West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Jay, FL, USA
| | - Mark VanGessel
- Carvel Research and Education Center, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, USA
| | - Ashley L Waggoner
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John M Wallace
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Wells
- Agronomy and Plant Genetics Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Charles White
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bethany Wolters
- Department of Agriculture, Geosciences and Natural Resources, University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN, USA
| | - Alex Woodley
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rongzhong Ye
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Eric Youngerman
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Brian A Needelman
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Steven B Mirsky
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Station, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Kumar V, Singh V, Flessner ML, Haymaker J, Reiter MS, Mirsky SB. Cover crop termination options and application of remote sensing for evaluating termination efficiency. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284529. [PMID: 37079528 PMCID: PMC10118151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient termination of cover crops is an important component of cover crop management. Information on termination efficiency can help in devising management plans but estimating herbicide efficacy is a tedious task and potential remote sensing technologies and vegetative indices (VIs) have not been explored for this purpose. This study was designed to evaluate potential herbicide options for the termination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and to correlate different VIs with visible termination efficiency. Nine herbicides and one roller-crimping treatment were applied to each cover crop. Among different herbicides used, glyphosate, glyphosate + glufosinate, paraquat, and paraquat + metribuzin provided more than 95% termination for both wheat and cereal rye 28 days after treatment (DAT). For hairy vetch, 2,4-D + glufosinate and glyphosate + glufosinate, resulted in 99 and 98% termination efficiency, respectively, followed by 2,4-D + glyphosate and paraquat with 92% termination efficiency 28 DAT. No herbicide provided more than 90% termination of rapeseed and highest control was provided by paraquat (86%), 2,4-D + glufosinate (85%), and 2,4-D + glyphosate (85%). Roller-crimping (without herbicide application) did not provide effective termination of any cover crop with 41, 61, 49, and 43% termination for wheat, cereal rye, hairy vetch, and rapeseed, respectively. Among the VIs, Green Leaf Index had the highest Pearson correlation coefficient for wheat (r = -0.786, p = <0.0001) and cereal rye (r = -0.804, p = <0.0001) with visible termination efficiency rating. Whereas for rapeseed, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) had the highest correlation coefficient (r = -0.655, p = <0.0001). The study highlighted the need for tankmixing 2,4-D or glufosinate with glyphosate for termination instead of blanket application of glyphosate alone for all crops including rapeseed and other broadleaf cover crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Painter, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vijay Singh
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Painter, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael L Flessner
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joseph Haymaker
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Painter, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark S Reiter
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Painter, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Steven B Mirsky
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Agriculture Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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3
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Malayil L, Ramachandran P, Chattopadhyay S, Allard SM, Bui A, Butron J, Callahan MT, Craddock HA, Murray R, East C, Sharma M, Kniel K, Micallef S, Hashem F, Gerba CP, Ravishankar S, Parveen S, May E, Handy E, Kulkarni P, Anderson-Coughlin B, Craighead S, Gartley S, Vanore A, Duncan R, Foust D, Haymaker J, Betancourt W, Zhu L, Mongodin EF, Sapkota A, Pop M, Sapkota AR. Variations in Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Across Diverse Recycled and Surface Water Irrigation Sources in the Mid-Atlantic and Southwest United States: A CONSERVE Two-Year Field Study. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15019-15033. [PMID: 36194536 PMCID: PMC9632240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reduced availability of agricultural water has spurred increased interest in using recycled irrigation water for U.S. food crop production. However, there are significant knowledge gaps concerning the microbiological quality of these water sources. To address these gaps, we used 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing to characterize taxonomic and functional variations (e.g., antimicrobial resistance) in bacterial communities across diverse recycled and surface water irrigation sources. We collected 1 L water samples (n = 410) between 2016 and 2018 from the Mid-Atlantic (12 sites) and Southwest (10 sites) U.S. Samples were filtered, and DNA was extracted. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were then PCR amplified and sequenced. Metagenomic sequencing was also performed to characterize antibiotic, metal, and biocide resistance genes. Bacterial alpha and beta diversities were significantly different (p < 0.001) across water types and seasons. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophilia were observed across sample types. The most common antibiotic resistance genes identified coded against macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramins, aminoglycosides, rifampin and elfamycins, and their read counts fluctuated across seasons. We also observed multi-metal and multi-biocide resistance across all water types. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive longitudinal study to date of U.S. recycled water and surface water used for irrigation. Our findings improve understanding of the potential differences in the risk of exposure to bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes originating from diverse irrigation water sources across seasons and U.S. regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Malayil
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Padmini Ramachandran
- Office
of Regulatory Science, Division of Microbiology, United States Food and Drug Administration, HFS-712, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Sarah M. Allard
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jicell Butron
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Mary Theresa Callahan
- Department
of Plant Science and Landscape Agriculture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Hillary A. Craddock
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Rianna Murray
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Cheryl East
- Northeast
Area, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Environmental Microbiology
and Food Safety Laboratory, Agriculture
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Manan Sharma
- Northeast
Area, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Environmental Microbiology
and Food Safety Laboratory, Agriculture
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Kalmia Kniel
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shirley Micallef
- Department
of Plant Science and Landscape Agriculture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Charles P. Gerba
- Department
of Environmental Science, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Sadhana Ravishankar
- School
of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Eric May
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Eric Handy
- Northeast
Area, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Environmental Microbiology
and Food Safety Laboratory, Agriculture
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Brienna Anderson-Coughlin
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shani Craighead
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Samantha Gartley
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Adam Vanore
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rico Duncan
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Derek Foust
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Joseph Haymaker
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Walter Betancourt
- Department
of Environmental Science, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Libin Zhu
- School
of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Emmanuel F. Mongodin
- Institute
for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Mihai Pop
- Department
of Computer Science and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational
Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amy R. Sapkota
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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4
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Solaiman S, Allard SM, Callahan MT, Jiang C, Handy E, East C, Haymaker J, Bui A, Craddock H, Murray R, Kulkarni P, Anderson-Coughlin B, Craighead S, Gartley S, Vanore A, Duncan R, Foust D, Taabodi M, Sapkota A, May E, Hashem F, Parveen S, Kniel K, Sharma M, Sapkota AR, Micallef SA. Longitudinal Assessment of the Dynamics of Escherichia coli, Total Coliforms, Enterococcus spp., and Aeromonas spp. in Alternative Irrigation Water Sources: a CONSERVE Study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00342-20. [PMID: 32769196 PMCID: PMC7531960 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00342-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As climate change continues to stress freshwater resources, we have a pressing need to identify alternative (nontraditional) sources of microbially safe water for irrigation of fresh produce. This study is part of the center CONSERVE, which aims to facilitate the adoption of adequate agricultural water sources. A 26-month longitudinal study was conducted at 11 sites to assess the prevalence of bacteria indicating water quality, fecal contamination, and crop contamination risk (Escherichia coli, total coliforms [TC], Enterococcus, and Aeromonas). Sites included nontidal freshwater rivers/creeks (NF), a tidal brackish river (TB), irrigation ponds (PW), and reclaimed water sites (RW). Water samples were filtered for bacterial quantification. E. coli, TC, enterococci (∼86%, 98%, and 90% positive, respectively; n = 333), and Aeromonas (∼98% positive; n = 133) were widespread in water samples tested. Highest E. coli counts were in rivers, TC counts in TB, and enterococci in rivers and ponds (P < 0.001 in all cases) compared to other water types. Aeromonas counts were consistent across sites. Seasonal dynamics were detected in NF and PW samples only. E. coli counts were higher in the vegetable crop-growing (May-October) than nongrowing (November-April) season in all water types (P < 0.05). Only one RW and both PW sites met the U.S. Food Safety Modernization Act water standards. However, implementation of recommended mitigation measures of allowing time for microbial die-off between irrigation and harvest would bring all other sites into compliance within 2 days. This study provides comprehensive microbial data on alternative irrigation water and serves as an important resource for food safety planning and policy setting.IMPORTANCE Increasing demands for fresh fruit and vegetables, a variable climate affecting agricultural water availability, and microbial food safety goals are pressing the need to identify new, safe, alternative sources of irrigation water. Our study generated microbial data collected over a 2-year period from potential sources of irrigation (rivers, ponds, and reclaimed water sites). Pond water was found to comply with Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) microbial standards for irrigation of fruit and vegetables. Bacterial counts in reclaimed water, a resource that is not universally allowed on fresh produce in the United States, generally met microbial standards or needed minimal mitigation. We detected the most seasonality and the highest microbial loads in river water, which emerged as the water type that would require the most mitigation to be compliant with established FSMA standards. This data set represents one of the most comprehensive, longitudinal analyses of alternative irrigation water sources in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Solaiman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah M Allard
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Theresa Callahan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Chengsheng Jiang
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Handy
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheryl East
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Haymaker
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Hillary Craddock
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rianna Murray
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shani Craighead
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Samantha Gartley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Adam Vanore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Rico Duncan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek Foust
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryam Taabodi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric May
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Kalmia Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Manan Sharma
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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5
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Panthi S, Sapkota AR, Raspanti G, Allard SM, Bui A, Craddock HA, Murray R, Zhu L, East C, Handy E, Callahan MT, Haymaker J, Kulkarni P, Anderson B, Craighead S, Gartley S, Vanore A, Betancourt WQ, Duncan R, Foust D, Sharma M, Micallef SA, Gerba C, Parveen S, Hashem F, May E, Kniel K, Pop M, Ravishankar S, Sapkota A. Pharmaceuticals, herbicides, and disinfectants in agricultural water sources. Environ Res 2019; 174:1-8. [PMID: 31015109 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural water withdrawals account for the largest proportion of global freshwater use. Increasing municipal water demands and droughts are straining agricultural water supplies. Therefore, alternative solutions to agricultural water crises are urgently needed, including the use of nontraditional water sources such as advanced treated wastewater or reclaimed water, brackish water, return flows, and effluent from produce processing facilities. However, it is critical to ensure that such usage does not compromise soil, crop, and public health. Here, we characterized five different nontraditional water types (n = 357 samples) for the presence of pharmaceuticals, herbicides, and disinfectants using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based method (UPLC-MS/MS). We then evaluated whether the levels of these contaminants were influenced by season. The highest level of herbicides (atrazine) was detected in untreated pond water (median concentration 135.9 ng/L). Reclaimed water had the highest levels of antibiotics and stimulants including azithromycin (215 ng/L), sulfamethoxazole (232.1 ng/L), and caffeine (89.4 ng/L). Produce processing plant water also tended to have high levels of atrazine (102.7 ng/L) and ciprofloxacin (80.1 ng/L). In addition, we observed seasonal variability across water types, with the highest atrazine concentrations observed during summer months, while the highest median azithromycin concentrations were observed in reclaimed water during the winter season. Further studies are needed to evaluate if economically feasible on-farm water treatment technologies can effectively remove such contaminants from nontraditional irrigation water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Panthi
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Greg Raspanti
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sarah M Allard
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hillary A Craddock
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rianna Murray
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Libin Zhu
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cheryl East
- Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Eric Handy
- Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mary Theresa Callahan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2126 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Joseph Haymaker
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brienna Anderson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shani Craighead
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Samantha Gartley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Adam Vanore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Walter Q Betancourt
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 2959 W Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA
| | - Rico Duncan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Derek Foust
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Manan Sharma
- Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2126 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Charles Gerba
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 2959 W Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Eric May
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Kalmia Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mihai Pop
- Department of Computer Science & the Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, 8223 Paint Brach Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sadhana Ravishankar
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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6
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Haymaker J, Sharma M, Parveen S, Hashem F, May EB, Handy ET, White C, East C, Bradshaw R, Micallef SA, Callahan MT, Allard S, Anderson B, Craighead S, Gartley S, Vanore A, Kniel KE, Solaiman S, Bui A, Murray R, Craddock HA, Kulkarni P, Foust D, Duncan R, Taabodi M, Sapkota AR. Prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in untreated surface water and reclaimed water in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Environ Res 2019; 172:630-636. [PMID: 30878734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The microbial quality of irrigation water has increasingly become a concern as a source of contamination for fruits and vegetables. Non-traditional sources of water are being used by more and more growers in smaller, highly diversified farms in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) have been responsible for several outbreaks of infections associated with the consumption of leafy greens. Our study evaluated the prevalence of the "big seven" STEC serogroups and the associated enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) virulence factors (VF) genes in conventional and nontraditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Water samples (n = 510) from 170 sampling events were collected from eight untreated surface water sites, two wastewater reclamation facilities, and one vegetable processing plant, over a 12-month period. Ten liters of water were filtered through Modified Moore swabs (MMS); swabs were then enriched into Universal Pre-enrichment Broth (UPB), followed by enrichment into non-O157 STEC R&F broth and isolation on R & F non-O157 STEC chromogenic plating medium. Isolates (n = 2489) from enriched MMS from water samples were screened for frequently reported STEC serogroups that cause foodborne illness: O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, along with VF genes stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA. Through this screening process, STEC isolates were found in 2.35% (12/510) of water samples, while 9.0% (46/510) contained an atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) isolate. The eae gene (n = 88 isolates) was the most frequently detected EHEC VF of the isolates screened. The majority of STEC isolates (stx1 or stx2) genes mainly came from either a pond or reclamation pond water site on two specific dates, potentially indicating that these isolates were not spatially or temporally distributed among the sampling sites. STEC isolates at reclaimed water sites may have been introduced after wastewater treatment. None of the isolates containing eae were determined to be Escherichia albertii. Our work showed that STEC prevalence in Mid-Atlantic untreated surface waters over a 12-month period was lower than the prevalence of atypical EPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Haymaker
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Manan Sharma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States.
| | - Salina Parveen
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Eric B May
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Eric T Handy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Chanelle White
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl East
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Rhodel Bradshaw
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Mary Theresa Callahan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Allard
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Brienna Anderson
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Shani Craighead
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Samantha Gartley
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Adam Vanore
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Kalmia E Kniel
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Sultana Solaiman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rianna Murray
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Hillary A Craddock
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Derek Foust
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Rico Duncan
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Maryam Taabodi
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
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7
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Allard SM, Solaiman S, Callahan MT, Bui A, Craddock H, Haymaker J, Foust D, Duncan R, Smyth E, Mongodin EF, Hashem F, May E, Micallef SA, Sapkota AR. Quenching by sodium thiosulfate does not influence 16S rRNA gene sequencing profiles of reclaimed water from three sites in the Mid-Atlantic, United States. Environ Res 2019; 172:296-300. [PMID: 30822563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A quenching agent is commonly added to chlorinated, reclaimed water during sample collection to prevent chlorine-mediated die-off of viable microbiota. However, the effect of quenching on downstream 16S rRNA-based bacterial community analyses is unclear. We conducted a side-by-side comparison of 16S rRNA sequencing data from reclaimed water samples quenched with sodium thiosulfate and non-quenched samples. Our data showed that 16 S rRNA processing and sequencing methods, and resulting bacterial profiles, were not negatively impacted by quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Allard
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sultana Solaiman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Mary Theresa Callahan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Hillary Craddock
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Haymaker
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Derek Foust
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Rico Duncan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Eoghan Smyth
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Eric May
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States.
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