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Rosvold JM, Atarod M, Heard BJ, O'Brien EJ, Frank CB, Shrive NG. Ligament and meniscus loading in the ovine stifle joint during normal gait. Knee 2016; 23:70-7. [PMID: 26765863 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovine stifle joint is an ideal preclinical model to study knee joint biomechanics. Knowledge of the ovine ligamentous and meniscal loading during normal gait is currently limited. METHODS The in vivo kinematics of the ovine stifle joint (N=4) were measured during "normal" gait using a highly accurate instrumented spatial linkage (ISL, 0.3±0.2mm). These motions were reproduced in vitro using a unique robotic testing platform and the loads carried by the anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL/PCL), medial/lateral collateral ligaments (MCL/LCL), and medial/lateral menisci (MM/LM) during gait were determined. RESULTS Considerable inter-subject variability in tissue loads was observed. The load in the ACL was near zero at hoof-strike (0% gait) and reached a peak (100 to 300N) during early-stance (~10% gait). The PCL reached a peak load (200 to 500N) just after hoof-strike (~5% gait) and was mostly unloaded throughout the remainder of stance. Load in the MCL was substantially lower than the cruciate ligaments, reaching a maximum of 50 to 100N near the beginning of stance. The LCL carried a negligible amount of load through the entire gait cycle. There was also a major contribution of the MM and LM to load transfer from the femur to the tibia during normal gait. The total meniscal load reached a maximum average between 350 and 550N during gait. CONCLUSION Knowledge of joint function during normal motion is essential for understanding normal and pathologic joint states. The considerable variability in the magnitudes and patterns of tissue loads among animals simulates clinical variability in humans. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Rosvold
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Atarod
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Bryan J Heard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Etienne J O'Brien
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Cyril B Frank
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Heard BJ, Rosvold JM, Fritzler MJ, El-Gabalawy H, Wiley JP, Krawetz RJ. A computational method to differentiate normal individuals, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients using serum biomarkers. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140428. [PMID: 24920114 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a method for categorizing normal individuals (normal, n = 100) as well as patients with osteoarthritis (OA, n = 100), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 100) based on a panel of inflammatory cytokines expressed in serum samples. Two panels of inflammatory proteins were used as training sets in the construction of two separate artificial neural networks (ANNs). The first training set consisted of all proteins (38 in total) and the second consisted of only the significantly different proteins expressed (12 in total) between at least two patient groups. Both ANNs obtained high levels of sensitivity and specificity, with the first and second ANN each diagnosing 100% of test set patients correctly. These results were then verified by re-investigating the entire dataset using a decision tree algorithm. We show that ANNs can be used for the accurate differentiation between serum samples of patients with OA, a diagnosed RA patient comparator cohort and normal/control cohort. Using neural network and systems biology approaches to manage large datasets derived from high-throughput proteomics should be further explored and considered for diagnosing diseases with complex pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Heard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joshua M Rosvold
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hani El-Gabalawy
- Arthritis Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J Preston Wiley
- Sports Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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O'Brien EJO, Shrive NG, Rosvold JM, Thornton GM, Frank CB, Hart DA. Tendon mineralization is accelerated bilaterally and creep of contralateral tendons is increased after unilateral needle injury of murine achilles tendons. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1520-8. [PMID: 23754538 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic mineralization may result in tendon weakness, but effects on other biomechanical responses have not been reported. We used a needle injury, which accelerates spontaneous mineralization of murine Achilles tendons, to test two hypotheses: that injured tendons would demonstrate altered biomechanical responses; and that unilateral injury would accelerate mineralization bilaterally. Mice underwent left hind (LH) injury (I; n = 11) and were euthanized after 20 weeks along with non-injured controls (C; n = 9). All hind limbs were examined by micro computed tomography followed by biomechanical testing (I = 7 and C = 6). No differences were found in the biomechanical responses of injured tendons compared with controls. However, the right hind (RH) tendons contralateral to the LH injury exhibited greater static creep strain and total creep strain compared with those LH tendons (p ≤ 0.045) and RH tendons from controls (p ≤ 0.043). RH limb lesions of injured mice were three times larger compared with controls (p = 0.030). Therefore, despite extensive mineralization, changes to the responses we measured were limited or absent 20 weeks postinjury. These results also suggest that bilateral occurrence should be considered where tendon mineralization is identified clinically. This experimental system may be useful to study the mechanisms of bilateral new bone formation in tendinopathy and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne John Ogilvy O'Brien
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Rosvold JM, Darcy SP, Peterson RC, Achari Y, Corr DT, Marchuk LL, Frank CB, Shrive NG, Rosvold JM, Darcy SP, Peterson RC, Achari Y, Corr DT, Marchuk LL, Frank CB, Shrive NG. Technical Issues in Using Robots to Reproduce Joint Specific Gait. J Biomech Eng 2011; 133:054501. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction of the in vivo motions of joints has become possible with improvements in robot technology and in vivo measuring techniques. A motion analysis system has been used to measure the motions of the tibia and femur of the ovine stifle joint during normal gait. These in vivo motions are then reproduced with a parallel robot. To ensure that the motion of the joint is accurately reproduced and that the resulting data are reliable, the testing frame, the data acquisition system, and the effects of limitations of the testing platform need to be considered. Of the latter, the stiffness of the robot and the ability of the control system to process sequential points on the path of motion in a timely fashion for repeatable path accuracy are of particular importance. Use of the system developed will lead to a better understanding of the mechanical environment of joints and ligaments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Rosvold
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - S. P. Darcy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - R. C. Peterson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Y. Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - D. T. Corr
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - L. L. Marchuk
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - C. B. Frank
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - N. G. Shrive
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Joshua M. Rosvold
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shon P. Darcy
- Technical Solutions Group, QinetiQ North America, 350 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451; Project Engineer at Foster-Miller, Inc., 350 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451
| | | | - Yamini Achari
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, c/o Joint Injury and Arthritis Research Group, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - David T. Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180-3590
| | - Linda L. Marchuk
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, c/o Joint Injury and Arthritis Research Group, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Cyril B. Frank
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nigel G. Shrive
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health 3330, Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Howard RA, Rosvold JM, Darcy SP, Corr DT, Shrive NG, Tapper JE, Ronsky JL, Beveridge JE, Marchuk LL, Frank CB. Reproduction of In Vivo Motion Using a Parallel Robot. J Biomech Eng 2007; 129:743-9. [PMID: 17887900 DOI: 10.1115/1.2768983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although alterations in knee joint loading resulting from injury have been shown to influence the development of osteoarthritis, actual in vivo loading conditions of the joint remain unknown. A method for determining in vivo ligament loads by reproducing joint specific in vivo kinematics using a robotic testing apparatus is described. The in vivo kinematics of the ovine stifle joint during walking were measured with 3D optical motion analysis using markers rigidly affixed to the tibia and femur. An additional independent single degree of freedom measuring device was also used to record a measure of motion. Following sacrifice, the joint was mounted in a robotic/universal force sensor test apparatus and referenced using a coordinate measuring machine. A parallel robot configuration was chosen over the conventional serial manipulator because of its greater accuracy and stiffness. Median normal gait kinematics were applied to the joint and the resulting accuracy compared. The mean error in reproduction as determined by the motion analysis system varied between 0.06mm and 0.67mm and 0.07deg and 0.74deg for the two individual tests. The mean error measured by the independent device was found to be 0.07mm and 0.83mm for the two experiments, respectively. This study demonstrates the ability of this system to reproduce in vivo kinematics of the ovine stifle joint in vitro. The importance of system stiffness is discussed to ensure accurate reproduction of joint motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Howard
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, c/o Joint Injury and Arthritis Research Group, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
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