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Johnston SC, Wilhelmsen CL, Shamblin J, Kimmel A, Zelko J, Wollen S, Goff AJ. Delayed Disease in Cynomolgus Macaques Exposed to Ebola Virus by an Intranasal Route. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709772. [PMID: 34484210 PMCID: PMC8415412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus remains a significant public health concern due to high morbidity and mortality rates during recurrent outbreaks in endemic areas. Therefore, the development of countermeasures against Ebola virus remains a high priority, and requires the availability of appropriate animal models for efficacy evaluations. The most commonly used nonhuman primate models for efficacy evaluations against Ebola virus utilize the intramuscular or aerosol route of exposure. Although clinical disease signs are similar to human cases, disease progression in these models is much more rapid, and this can pose significant hurdles for countermeasure evaluations. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the Ebola virus disease course that arises after cynomolgus macaques are exposed to Ebola virus by a mucosal route (the intranasal route). Two different doses (10 pfu and 100 pfu) and delivery methodologies (drop-wise and mucosal atomization device) were evaluated on this study. Differences in clinical disease between dose and delivery groups were not noted. However, a delayed disease course was identified for approximately half of the animals on study, and this delayed disease was dose and administration method independent. Therefore, it appears that mucosal exposure with Ebola virus results in a disease course in cynomolgus macaques that more accurately replicates that which is documented for human cases. In summary, the data presented support the need for further development of this model as a possible alternative to parenteral and small-particle aerosol models for the study of human Ebola virus disease and for countermeasure evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Johnston
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Catherine L Wilhelmsen
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Adrienne Kimmel
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Justine Zelko
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Suzanne Wollen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Arthur J Goff
- Research Program Office, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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2
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Johnston SC, Ricks KM, Jay A, Raymond JL, Rossi F, Zeng X, Scruggs J, Dyer D, Frick O, Koehler JW, Kuehnert PA, Clements TL, Shoemaker CJ, Coyne SR, Delp KL, Moore J, Berrier K, Esham H, Shamblin J, Sifford W, Fiallos J, Klosterman L, Stevens S, White L, Bowling P, Garcia T, Jensen C, Ghering J, Nyakiti D, Bellanca S, Kearney B, Giles W, Alli N, Paz F, Akers K, Danner D, Barth J, Johnson JA, Durant M, Kim R, Hooper JW, Smith JM, Kugelman JR, Beitzel BF, Gibson KM, Pitt MLM, Minogue TD, Nalca A. Development of a coronavirus disease 2019 nonhuman primate model using airborne exposure. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246366. [PMID: 33529233 PMCID: PMC7853502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with SARS-CoV-2. Aside from African green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. A comparative evaluation of COVID-19 in African green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques following airborne exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was performed to determine critical disease parameters associated with disease progression, and establish correlations between primate and human COVID-19. Respiratory abnormalities and viral shedding were noted for all animals, indicating successful infection. Cynomolgus macaques developed fever, and thrombocytopenia was measured for African green monkeys and rhesus macaques. Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and alveolar fibrosis were more frequently observed in lung tissue from cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys. The data indicate that, in addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Johnston
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Jay
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jo Lynne Raymond
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Franco Rossi
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Scruggs
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Dyer
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ondraya Frick
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Koehler
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Kuehnert
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Clements
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Shoemaker
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Coyne
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Korey L. Delp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Moore
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kerry Berrier
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heather Esham
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Willie Sifford
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jimmy Fiallos
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leslie Klosterman
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen Stevens
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lauren White
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip Bowling
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terrence Garcia
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher Jensen
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeanean Ghering
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Nyakiti
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Bellanca
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Kearney
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy Giles
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nazira Alli
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fabian Paz
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristen Akers
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Denise Danner
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Barth
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Johnson
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Durant
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruth Kim
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Kugelman
- Molecular Biology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brett F. Beitzel
- Molecular Biology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Gibson
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret L. M. Pitt
- Office of the Science Advisor, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Minogue
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- Core Support Directorate, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Perley CC, Brocato RL, Wu H, Bausch C, Karmali PP, Vega JB, Cohen MV, Somerville B, Kwilas SA, Principe LM, Shamblin J, Chivukula P, Sullivan E, Hooper JW. Anti-HFRS Human IgG Produced in Transchromosomic Bovines Has Potent Hantavirus Neutralizing Activity and Is Protective in Animal Models. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:832. [PMID: 32508764 PMCID: PMC7252588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored an emerging technology to produce anti-Hantaan virus (HTNV) and anti-Puumala virus (PUUV) neutralizing antibodies for use as pre- or post-exposure prophylactics. The technology involves hyperimmunization of transchomosomic bovines (TcB) engineered to express human polyclonal IgG antibodies with HTNV and PUUV DNA vaccines encoding GnGc glycoproteins. For the anti-HTNV product, TcB was hyperimmunized with HTNV DNA plus adjuvant or HTNV DNA formulated using lipid nanoparticles (LNP). The LNP-formulated vaccine yielded fivefold higher neutralizing antibody titers using 10-fold less DNA. Human IgG purified from the LNP-formulated animal (SAB-159), had anti-HTNV neutralizing antibody titers >100,000. SAB-159 was capable of neutralizing pseudovirions with monoclonal antibody escape mutations in Gn and Gc demonstrating neutralization escape resistance. SAB-159 protected hamsters from HTNV infection when administered pre- or post-exposure, and limited HTNV infection in a marmoset model. An LNP-formulated PUUV DNA vaccine generated purified anti-PUUV IgG, SAB-159P, with a neutralizing antibody titer >600,000. As little as 0.33 mg/kg of SAB-159P protected hamsters against PUUV infection for pre-exposure and 10 mg/kg SAB-159P protected PUUV-infected hamsters post-exposure. These data demonstrate that DNA vaccines combined with the TcB-based manufacturing platform can be used to rapidly produce potent, human, polyclonal, escape-resistant anti-HTNV, and anti-PUUV neutralizing antibodies that are protective in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey C Perley
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca L Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | | | | | - Jerel B Vega
- Arcturus Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Melanie V Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Brandon Somerville
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lucia M Principe
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Eddie Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc., Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
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4
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Perley CC, Brocato RL, Kwilas SA, Daye S, Moreau A, Nichols DK, Wetzel KS, Shamblin J, Hooper JW. Three asymptomatic animal infection models of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaviruses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216700. [PMID: 31075144 PMCID: PMC6510444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are rodent-borne hantaviruses that are the primary causes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia. The development of well characterized animal models of HTNV and PUUV infection is critical for the evaluation and the potential licensure of HFRS vaccines and therapeutics. In this study we present three animal models of HTNV infection (hamster, ferret and marmoset), and two animal models of PUUV infection (hamster, ferret). Infection of hamsters with a ~3 times the infectious dose 99% (ID99) of HTNV by the intramuscular and ~1 ID99 of HTNV by the intranasal route leads to a persistent asymptomatic infection, characterized by sporadic viremia and high levels of viral genome in the lung, brain and kidney. In contrast, infection of hamsters with ~2 ID99 of PUUV by the intramuscular or ~1 ID99 of PUUV by the intranasal route leads to seroconversion with no detectable viremia, and a transient detection of viral genome. Infection of ferrets with a high dose of either HTNV or PUUV by the intramuscular route leads to seroconversion and gradual weight loss, though kidney function remained unimpaired and serum viremia and viral dissemination to organs was not detected. In marmosets a 1,000 PFU HTNV intramuscular challenge led to robust seroconversion and neutralizing antibody production. Similarly to the ferret model of HTNV infection, no renal impairment, serum viremia or viral dissemination to organs was detected in marmosets. This is the first report of hantavirus infection in ferrets and marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey C. Perley
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon Daye
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alicia Moreau
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donald K. Nichols
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Wetzel
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Smith DR, Johnston SC, Piper A, Botto M, Donnelly G, Shamblin J, Albariño CG, Hensley LE, Schmaljohn C, Nichol ST, Bird BH. Attenuation and efficacy of live-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine candidates in non-human primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006474. [PMID: 29742102 PMCID: PMC5962102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne veterinary and human pathogen that has caused large outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Currently, no licensed vaccine or therapeutics exists to treat this potentially deadly disease. The explosive nature of RVFV outbreaks and the severe consequences of its accidental or intentional introduction into RVFV-free areas provide the impetus for the development of novel vaccine candidates for use in both livestock and humans. Rationally designed vaccine candidates using reverse genetics have been used to develop deletion mutants of two known RVFV virulence factors, the NSs and NSm genes. These recombinant viruses were demonstrated to be protective and immunogenic in rats, mice, and sheep, without producing clinical illness in these animals. Here, we expand upon those findings and evaluate the single deletion mutant (ΔNSs rRVFV) and double deletion mutant (ΔNSs-ΔNSm rRVFV) vaccine candidates in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a non-human primate (NHP) model resembling severe human RVF disease. We demonstrate that both the ΔNSs and ΔNSs-ΔNSm rRVFV vaccine candidates were found to be safe and immunogenic in the current study. The vaccinated animals received a single dose of vaccine that led to the development of a robust antibody response. No vaccine-induced adverse reactions, signs of clinical illness or infectious virus were detected in the vaccinated marmosets. All vaccinated animals that were subsequently challenged with RVFV were protected against viremia and liver disease. In summary, our results provide the basis for further development of the ΔNSs and ΔNSs-ΔNSm rRVFV as safe and effective human RVFV vaccines for this significant public health threat. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important neglected tropical disease that has caused severe epidemics and epizootics throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Severe outbreaks have involved tens of thousands of both human and livestock cases for which no effective, commercially available human vaccines are available. Vaccine candidates have been developed based on the complete deletion of two known RVF virus virulence factors, the NSs and NSm genes. These vaccines were previously demonstrated to be protective in rats, mice, and sheep. In this study, we expand upon those results and evaluate the vaccine candidates in a non-human primate model for RVF. The animals received a single dose of vaccine that led to the development of a robust immune response. No vaccine-induced adverse reactions, signs of clinical illness or infectious virus were detected in the vaccinated animals. All vaccinated animals that were subsequently challenged with RVF virus were protected against viremia and liver disease. These results demonstrate that the vaccines are safe and effective in non-human primates, which provides the impetus for further development of these candidates for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci R. Smith
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara C. Johnston
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Ashley Piper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Miriam Botto
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Ginger Donnelly
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Bird
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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6
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Ewers EC, Pratt WD, Twenhafel NA, Shamblin J, Donnelly G, Esham H, Wlazlowski C, Johnson JC, Botto M, Hensley LE, Goff AJ. Natural History of Aerosol Exposure with Marburg Virus in Rhesus Macaques. Viruses 2016; 8:87. [PMID: 27043611 PMCID: PMC4848582 DOI: 10.3390/v8040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus causes severe and often lethal viral disease in humans, and there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medical countermeasures. The sporadic occurrence of Marburg outbreaks does not allow for evaluation of countermeasures in humans, so therapeutic and vaccine candidates can only be approved through the FDA animal rule—a mechanism requiring well-characterized animal models in which efficacy would be evaluated. Here, we describe a natural history study where rhesus macaques were surgically implanted with telemetry devices and central venous catheters prior to aerosol exposure with Marburg-Angola virus, enabling continuous physiologic monitoring and blood sampling without anesthesia. After a three to four day incubation period, all animals developed fever, viremia, and lymphopenia before developing tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated liver enzymes, decreased liver function, azotemia, elevated D-dimer levels and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting a systemic inflammatory response with organ failure. The final, terminal period began with the onset of sustained hypotension, dehydration progressed with signs of major organ hypoperfusion (hyperlactatemia, acute kidney injury, hypothermia), and ended with euthanasia or death. The most significant pathologic findings were marked infection of the respiratory lymphoid tissue with destruction of the tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, and severe diffuse infection in the liver, and splenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Ewers
- Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA.
| | - William D Pratt
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Nancy A Twenhafel
- Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA.
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Ginger Donnelly
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Heather Esham
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Carly Wlazlowski
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Joshua C Johnson
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Miriam Botto
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Arthur J Goff
- Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA.
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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7
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Zhang FX, Tracy CL, Shamblin J, Palomares RI, Lang M, Park S, Park C, Tkachev S, Ewing RC. Pressure-induced phase transitions of β-type pyrochlore CsTaWO6. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11185h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-type pyrochlore CsTaWO6 was studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering methods up to pressures of 43 GPa using a diamond anvil cell (DAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- F. X. Zhang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - C. L. Tracy
- Department of Geological Sciences
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - J. Shamblin
- Department of Nuclear Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - R. I. Palomares
- Department of Nuclear Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - M. Lang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - S. Park
- Department of Geological Sciences
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - C. Park
- HPCAT
- Geophysical Laboratory
- Carnegie Institution of Washington
- Argonne
- USA
| | | | - R. C. Ewing
- Department of Geological Sciences
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
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Mucker EM, Chapman J, Huzella LM, Huggins JW, Shamblin J, Robinson CG, Hensley LE. Susceptibility of Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to Monkeypox Virus: A Low Dose Prospective Model for Monkeypox and Smallpox Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131742. [PMID: 26147658 PMCID: PMC4492619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although current nonhuman primate models of monkeypox and smallpox diseases provide some insight into disease pathogenesis, they require a high titer inoculum, use an unnatural route of infection, and/or do not accurately represent the entire disease course. This is a concern when developing smallpox and/or monkeypox countermeasures or trying to understand host pathogen relationships. In our studies, we altered half of the test system by using a New World nonhuman primate host, the common marmoset. Based on dose finding studies, we found that marmosets are susceptible to monkeypox virus infection, produce a high viremia, and have pathological features consistent with smallpox and monkeypox in humans. The low dose (48 plaque forming units) required to elicit a uniformly lethal disease and the extended incubation (preclinical signs) are unique features among nonhuman primate models utilizing monkeypox virus. The uniform lethality, hemorrhagic rash, high viremia, decrease in platelets, pathology, and abbreviated acute phase are reflective of early-type hemorrhagic smallpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Mucker
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisianna, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Chapman
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis M. Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John W. Huggins
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Camenzind G. Robinson
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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Reed C, Lin K, Wilhelmsen C, Friedrich B, Nalca A, Keeney A, Donnelly G, Shamblin J, Hensley LE, Olinger G, Smith DR. Aerosol exposure to Rift Valley fever virus causes earlier and more severe neuropathology in the murine model, which has important implications for therapeutic development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2156. [PMID: 23593523 PMCID: PMC3617210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne veterinary and human pathogen that can cause severe disease including acute-onset hepatitis, delayed-onset encephalitis, retinitis and blindness, or a hemorrhagic syndrome. Currently, no licensed vaccine or therapeutics exist to treat this potentially deadly disease. Detailed studies describing the pathogenesis of RVFV following aerosol exposure have not been completed and candidate therapeutics have not been evaluated following an aerosol exposure. These studies are important because while mosquito transmission is the primary means for human infection, it can also be transmitted by aerosol or through mucosal contact. Therefore, we directly compared the pathogenesis of RVFV following aerosol exposure to a subcutaneous (SC) exposure in the murine model by analyzing survival, clinical observations, blood chemistry, hematology, immunohistochemistry, and virus titration of tissues. Additionally, we evaluated the effectiveness of the nucleoside analog ribavirin administered prophylactically to treat mice exposed by aerosol and SC. The route of exposure did not significantly affect the survival, chemistry or hematology results of the mice. Acute hepatitis occurred despite the route of exposure. However, the development of neuropathology occurred much earlier and was more severe in mice exposed by aerosol compared to SC exposed mice. Mice treated with ribavirin and exposed SC were partially protected, whereas treated mice exposed by aerosol were not protected. Early and aggressive viral invasion of brain tissues following aerosol exposure likely played an important role in ribavirin's failure to prevent mortality among these animals. Our results highlight the need for more candidate antivirals to treat RVFV infection, especially in the case of a potential aerosol exposure. Additionally, our study provides an account of the key pathogenetic differences in RVF disease following two potential exposure routes and provides important insights into the development and evaluation of potential vaccines and therapeutics to treat RVFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Reed
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenny Lin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine Wilhelmsen
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Friedrich
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley Keeney
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ginger Donnelly
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gene Olinger
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Darci R. Smith
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Reed C, Steele KE, Honko A, Shamblin J, Hensley LE, Smith DR. Ultrastructural study of Rift Valley fever virus in the mouse model. Virology 2012; 431:58-70. [PMID: 22687428 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Detailed ultrastructural studies of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in the mouse model are needed to develop and characterize a small animal model of RVF for the evaluation of potential vaccines and therapeutics. In this study, the ultrastructural features of RVFV infection in the mouse model were analyzed. The main changes in the liver included the presence of viral particles in hepatocytes and hepatic stem cells accompanied by hepatocyte apoptosis. However, viral particles were observed rarely in the liver; in contrast, particles were extremely abundant in the CNS. Despite extensive lymphocytolysis, direct evidence of viral replication was not observed in the lymphoid tissue. These results correlate with the acute-onset hepatitis and delayed-onset encephalitis that are dominant features of severe human RVF, but suggest that host immune-mediated mechanisms contribute significantly to pathology. The results of this study expand our knowledge of RVFV-host interactions and further characterize the mouse model of RVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Reed
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases-USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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Goff AJ, Chapman J, Foster C, Wlazlowski C, Shamblin J, Lin K, Kreiselmeier N, Mucker E, Paragas J, Lawler J, Hensley L. A novel respiratory model of infection with monkeypox virus in cynomolgus macaques. J Virol 2011; 85:4898-909. [PMID: 21389129 PMCID: PMC3126178 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02525-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variola, the causative agent of smallpox, and the related monkeypox virus are both select agents that, if purposefully released, would cause public panic and social disruption. For this reason research continues in the areas of animal model and therapeutic development. Orthopoxviruses show a widely varying degree of host specificity, making development of accurate animal models difficult. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel respiratory infection technique that resulted in "classic" orthopox disease in nonhuman primates and takes the field of research one step closer to a better animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Goff
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Virology Division, Viral Therapeutics Branch, 903Q, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
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