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Nguyen HT, Chesnokov A, De La Cruz J, Pascua PNQ, Mishin VP, Jang Y, Jones J, Di H, Ivashchenko AA, Killian ML, Torchetti MK, Lantz K, Wentworth DE, Davis CT, Ivachtchenko AV, Gubareva LV. Antiviral susceptibility of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from birds and mammals in the United States, 2022. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105679. [PMID: 37494978 PMCID: PMC10508830 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses that are responsible for devastating outbreaks in birds and mammals pose a potential threat to public health. Here, we evaluated their susceptibility to influenza antivirals. Of 1,015 sequences of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses collected in the United States during 2022, eight viruses (∼0.8%) had a molecular marker of drug resistance to an FDA-approved antiviral: three adamantane-resistant (M2-V27A), four oseltamivir-resistant (NA-H275Y), and one baloxavir-resistant (PA-I38T). Additionally, 31 viruses contained mutations that may reduce susceptibility to inhibitors of neuraminidase (NA) (n = 20) or cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) (n = 11). A panel of 22 representative viruses was tested phenotypically. Overall, clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses lacking recognized resistance mutations were susceptible to FDA-approved antivirals. Oseltamivir was least potent at inhibiting NA activity, while the investigational NA inhibitor AV5080 was most potent, including against NA mutants. A novel NA substitution T438N conferred 12-fold reduced inhibition by zanamivir, and in combination with the known marker N295S, synergistically affected susceptibility to all five NA inhibitors. In cell culture-based assays HINT and IRINA, the PA-I38T virus displayed 75- to 108-fold and 37- to 78-fold reduced susceptibility to CEN inhibitors, baloxavir and the investigational AV5116, respectively. Viruses with PA-I38M or PA-A37T showed 5- to 10-fold reduced susceptibilities. As HPAI A(H5N1) viruses continue to circulate and evolve, close monitoring of drug susceptibility is needed for risk assessment and to inform decisions regarding antiviral stockpiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T Nguyen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anton Chesnokov
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philippe Noriel Q Pascua
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliy P Mishin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joyce Jones
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Han Di
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Mia K Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Kristina Lantz
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles T Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandre V Ivachtchenko
- ChemDiv, 12760 High Bluff Drive, Ste. 370, San Diego, CA 92130, USA; AVISA LLC, 1835 E. Hallandale Beach Blvd, #442, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009, USA
| | - Larisa V Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
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2
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Lopez-Lopez V, Martínez-Caceres C, Ferreras D, Peña-Moral JDL, Cruz JDL, Royo-Villanova M, Rodríguez JM, Fernández-Hernández JA, Zambudio AR, Pons JA, Martínez-Barba E, Sánchez-Bueno F, Campos RR, Ramírez P. Biomarkers of Early Liver Graft Damage in Circulatory Death and Brain Death Donors: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2659-2662. [PMID: 34602295 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is related to a warm ischemia time and more complications compared with traditional donors (donation after brain death [DBD]). METHODS This study included biopsy samples retrospectively collected from November 2014 to December 2018 to compare histologic and biological markers of DCD and DBD liver grafts. The analysis includes marker of early apoptosis (p21), senescence (telomerase reverse transcriptase [TERT]), cell damage (caspase-3 active), endothelial damage (vascular endothelial growth factor), stem cell (CD90), hypoxia (HIF1A), inflammatory activation (COX-2), and cross-organ allograft rejection (CD44). A propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match patients receiving DCD livers to those receiving DBD livers. We analyzed the immunohistochemical initial liver damage-related warm ischemia time. RESULTS Positive staining expression of liver damage biomarkers (COX-2, CD44, TERT, HIF1A, and CD90) was found, but no significant differences were found between DCD and DBD and with ischemic cholangiopathy. After PSM, there was a significant relationship between CD90 and male donors (odds ratio [OR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.91), TERT with donor sodium (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.2), HIF1A with steatosis (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.83), and CD44 with donor vasoactive drugs (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13-1) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 1 week increase (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1-1.03). CONCLUSIONS DCD immunohistochemical initial liver damage was found to behave similarly to DBD. The increase in complications and cholangiopathy associated with warm ischemia could be related to a different later phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - David Ferreras
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan De La Cruz
- Group of Applied Mathematics in Science and Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mario Royo-Villanova
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Angel Fernández-Hernández
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Ríos Zambudio
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pons
- Department of Hepatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez-Bueno
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Robles Campos
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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Mishin VP, Patel MC, Chesnokov A, De La Cruz J, Nguyen HT, Lollis L, Hodges E, Jang Y, Barnes J, Uyeki T, Davis CT, Wentworth DE, Gubareva LV. Susceptibility of Influenza A, B, C, and D Viruses to Baloxavir 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1969-1972. [PMID: 31287050 PMCID: PMC6759234 DOI: 10.3201/eid2510.190607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Baloxavir showed broad-spectrum in vitro replication inhibition of 4 types of influenza viruses (90% effective concentration range 1.2-98.3 nmol/L); susceptibility pattern was influenza A ˃ B ˃ C ˃ D. This drug also inhibited influenza A viruses of avian and swine origin, including viruses that have pandemic potential and those resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors.
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4
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Jorquera PA, Mishin VP, Chesnokov A, Nguyen HT, Mann B, Garten R, Barnes J, Hodges E, De La Cruz J, Xu X, Katz J, Wentworth DE, Gubareva LV. Insights into the antigenic advancement of influenza A(H3N2) viruses, 2011-2018. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2676. [PMID: 30804469 PMCID: PMC6389938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A(H3N2) viruses evade human immunity primarily by acquiring antigenic changes in the haemagglutinin (HA). HA receptor-binding features of contemporary A(H3N2) viruses hinder traditional antigenic characterization using haemagglutination inhibition and promote selection of HA mutants. Thus, alternative approaches are needed to reliably assess antigenic relatedness between circulating viruses and vaccines. We developed a high content imaging-based neutralization test (HINT) to reduce antigenic mischaracterization resulting from virus adaptation to cell culture. Ferret reference antisera were raised using clinical specimens containing viruses representing recent vaccine strains. Analysis of viruses circulating during 2011–2018 showed that gain of an N158-linked glycosylation in HA was a molecular determinant of antigenic distancing between A/Hong Kong/4801/2014-like (clade 3C.2a) and A/Texas/50/2012-like viruses (clade 3C.1), while multiple evolutionary HA F193S substitution were linked to antigenic distancing from A/Switzerland/97152963/2013-like (clade 3C.3a) and further antigenic distancing from A/Texas/50/2012-like viruses. Additionally, a few viruses carrying HA T135K and/or I192T showed reduced neutralization by A/Hong Kong/4801/2014-like antiserum. Notably, this technique elucidated the antigenic characteristics of clinical specimens, enabling direct characterization of viruses produced in vivo, and eliminating in vitro culture, which rapidly alters the genotype/phenotype. HINT is a valuable new antigenic analysis tool for vaccine strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Jorquera
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,CNI Advantage, LLC. 17 Executive Park Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Vasiliy P Mishin
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Anton Chesnokov
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Brian Mann
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Erin Hodges
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,CNI Advantage, LLC. 17 Executive Park Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jackie Katz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Larisa V Gubareva
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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5
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Gubareva LV, Mishin VP, Patel MC, Chesnokov A, Nguyen HT, De La Cruz J, Spencer S, Campbell AP, Sinner M, Reid H, Garten R, Katz JM, Fry AM, Barnes J, Wentworth DE. Assessing baloxavir susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in the United States during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons. Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1800666. [PMID: 30670144 PMCID: PMC6344838 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.3.1800666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-influenza therapeutic baloxavir targets cap-dependent endonuclease activity of polymerase acidic (PA) protein. We monitored baloxavir susceptibility in the United States with next generation sequencing analysis supplemented by phenotypic one-cycle infection assay. Analysis of PA sequences of 6,891 influenza A and B viruses collected during 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons showed amino acid substitutions: I38L (two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses), E23G (two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses) and I38M (one A(H3N2) virus); conferring 4-10-fold reduced susceptibility to baloxavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Vasiliy P Mishin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Mira C Patel
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Anton Chesnokov
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Sarah Spencer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Angela P Campbell
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Mallory Sinner
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, United States of America
| | - Heather Reid
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Jackie M Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
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Hofstetter A, De La Cruz J, Patel J, McCoy J, Cao W, Kim J, Diebold B, Belser J, Tumpey T, Katz J, Sambhara S, Lambeth J, Gangappa S. Adverse role of influenza A virus-induced Nox1 in neutralizing antibody responses and survival against lethal viral challenge in mice. (P1407). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.57.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza viruses can elicit a severe cytokine storm, leading to acute lung injury (ALI), or in its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH Oxidase (Nox) enzymes of both the lung infiltrating cells and the lung epithelial tissue can contribute to lung injury directly or via inflammatory signaling pathways. Here, we present evidence that Nox1 expression is enhanced in vitro (A549 lung epithelial cells, 33-fold; THP-1 monocytic cells, 633-fold; HULEC lung endothelial cells, 27-fold) and in vivo (mouse lung tissue, 17-fold) in response to infection with influenza A virus. Notably, in A549 cells, Nox1 expression levels were enhanced by laboratory strains A/X31 (H3N2) and A/WSN/33 (H1N1), as well as A(H1N1)pdm09 clinical isolates (A/California/08/2009, A/Mexico/4108/2009, and A/Texas/15/2009) of influenza A virus. Nox1 induction was virus dose- and replication-dependent. However, Nox1-deficient mice had a higher survival rate (p=0.008) compared to wild-type controls in response to a lethal dose of A/PR8/1934 influenza. Improved survival of Nox1-deficient mice corresponded with increased (p=0.0006) flu-specific neutralizing antibody responses. These results suggest that therapeutic blockade of Nox1 deserves further attention as a possible adjunct therapy for influenza A-associated ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Hofstetter
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jenish Patel
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - James McCoy
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
| | - Weiping Cao
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jin Kim
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Becky Diebold
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
| | - Jessica Belser
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Terrence Tumpey
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Lambeth
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
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7
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Gangappa S, De La Cruz J, Ganesh T, Diebold B, Cao W, Smith S, Taylor A, Singh N, Hofstetter A, Kumar A, Katz J, Sambhara S, Lambeth JD. A novel quinazolin-derived reactive oxygen species-inhibitor suppresses influenza A virus-induced inflammatory mediators and leads to enhanced survival in mice (P4214). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.48.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form acute respiratory distress (ARD) can result from infectious agents, including several strains of influenza A virus. Recent evidence suggests that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to ALI caused by influenza. We evaluated the effects of TG6-44, a novel inhibitor of ROS production, in in vitro and in vivo models of influenza A virus infection. In vitro, using the monocytic cells (THP-1) and human PBMC infected with influenza A virus (X31), we found that TG6-44 treatment decreased virus-induced ROS and inflammatory markers in THP1 (IL6, IFNγ , MCP1, TNFα , MIP1β) and in PBMC (IL6, IL8, TNFα , MCP1). Also, in influenza A virus-infected THP1 cells, TG6-44 treatment led to a reduction in virus-induced cell death as evidenced by decreased Caspase3 activation, decreased proportion of Annexin V+/PI+ cells, and increased Bcl2 phosphorylation. Notably, TG6-44-treatment decreased the proportion of THP1 cells expressing viral nucleoprotein and delayed its translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza A virus (PR8) and given TG6-44 had both reduced levels of virus-induced inflammatory markers in lungs and a higher survival rate compared to controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects of TG6-44, and suggest ROS-inhibitors as valuable adjunct therapeutics to reduce ALI/ARD caused by influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Becky Diebold
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Weiping Cao
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan Smith
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Neetu Singh
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amelia Hofstetter
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - J. David Lambeth
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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8
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Taylor AK, Cao W, Vora KP, De La Cruz J, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR, Katz JM, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Protein energy malnutrition decreases immunity and increases susceptibility to influenza infection in mice. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:501-10. [PMID: 22949306 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), a common cause of secondary immune deficiency in children, is associated with an increased risk of infections. Very few studies have addressed the relevance of PEM as a risk factor for influenza. METHODS We investigated the influence of PEM on susceptibility to, and immune responses following, influenza virus infection using isocaloric diets providing either adequate protein (AP; 18%) or very low protein (VLP; 2%) in a mouse model. RESULTS We found that mice maintained on the VLP diet, when compared to mice fed with the AP diet, exhibited more severe disease following influenza infection based on virus persistence, trafficking of inflammatory cell types to the lung tissue, and virus-induced mortality. Furthermore, groups of mice maintained on the VLP diet showed significantly lower virus-specific antibody response and a reduction in influenza nuclear protein-specific CD8(+) T cells compared with mice fed on the AP diet. Importantly, switching diets for the group maintained on the VLP diet to the AP diet improved virus clearance, as well as protective immunity to viral challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the impact of protein energy on immunity to influenza infection and suggest that balanced protein energy replenishment may be one strategy to boost immunity against influenza viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Taylor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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