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Olvera-Collantes L, Moares N, Fernandez-Cisnal R, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Gonzalez-Garcia P, Gabucio A, Freyre-Carrillo C, Jordan-Chaves JDD, Trujillo-Soto T, Rodriguez-Martinez MP, Martin-Rubio MI, Escuer E, Rodriguez-Iglesias M, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F. Development and Validation of a Highly Sensitive Multiplex Immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Response Monitorization: A Study of the Antibody Response in COVID-19 Patients with Different Clinical Profiles during the First and Second Waves in Cadiz, Spain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2997. [PMID: 38138141 PMCID: PMC10746014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a long way ahead regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, since emerging waves remain a daunting challenge to the healthcare system. For this reason, the development of new preventive tools and therapeutic strategies to deal with the disease have been necessary, among which serological assays have played a key role in the control of COVID-19 outbreaks and vaccine development. Here, we have developed and evaluated an immunoassay capable of simultaneously detecting multiple IgG antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 antigens through the use of Bio-PlexTM technology. Additionally, we have analyzed the antibody response in COVID-19 patients with different clinical profiles in Cadiz, Spain. The multiplex immunoassay presented is a high-throughput and robust immune response monitoring tool capable of concurrently detecting anti-S1, anti-NC and anti-RBD IgG antibodies in serum with a very high sensitivity (94.34-97.96%) and specificity (91.84-100%). Therefore, the immunoassay proposed herein may be a useful monitoring tool for individual humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2, as well as for epidemiological surveillance. In addition, we show the values of antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens and their correlation with the different clinical profiles of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Cadiz, Spain, during the first and second waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Olvera-Collantes
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-Cisnal
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan P. Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Escuer
- Jerez University Hospital, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Iglesias
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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2
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Gómez-Oliva R, Geribaldi-Doldán N, Domínguez-García S, Pardillo-Díaz R, Martínez-Ortega S, Oliva-Montero JM, Pérez-García P, García-Cózar FJ, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Sánchez-Gomar I, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor to recruit newly generated neuroblasts in cortical brain injuries. J Transl Med 2023; 21:867. [PMID: 38037126 PMCID: PMC10687845 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenesis is stimulated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice with cortical brain injuries. In most of these injuries, newly generated neuroblasts attempt to migrate toward the injury, accumulating within the corpus callosum not reaching the perilesional area. METHODS We use a murine model of mechanical cortical brain injury, in which we perform unilateral cortical injuries in the primary motor cortex of adult male mice. We study neurogenesis in the SVZ and perilesional area at 7 and 14 dpi as well as the expression and concentration of the signaling molecule transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and its receptor the epidermal growth factor (EGFR). We use the EGFR inhibitor Afatinib to promote neurogenesis in brain injuries. RESULTS We show that microglial cells that emerge within the injured area and the SVZ in response to the injury express high levels of TGF-α leading to elevated concentrations of TGF-α in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, the number of neuroblasts in the SVZ increases in response to the injury, a large number of these neuroblasts remain immature and proliferate expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the proliferation marker Ki67. Restraining TGF-α release with a classical protein kinase C inhibitor reduces the number of these proliferative EGFR+ immature neuroblasts in the SVZ. In accordance, the inhibition of the TGF-α receptor, EGFR promotes migration of neuroblasts toward the injury leading to an elevated number of neuroblasts within the perilesional area. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in response to an injury, microglial cells activated within the injury and the SVZ release TGF-α, activating the EGFR present in the neuroblasts membrane inducing their proliferation, delaying maturation and negatively regulating migration. The inactivation of this signaling pathway stimulates neuroblast migration toward the injury and enhances the quantity of neuroblasts within the injured area. These results suggest that these proteins may be used as target molecules to regenerate brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ortega
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M Oliva-Montero
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Cózar
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz-Miranda
- Servicios Centrales de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
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3
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Gonzalez-Garcia P, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Fernandez-Cisnal R, Olvera L, Moares N, Gabucio A, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F. Specific Activation of T Cells by an ACE2-Based CAR-Like Receptor upon Recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087641. [PMID: 37108807 PMCID: PMC10145580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is still a health issue worldwide mostly due to a high rate of contagiousness conferred by the high-affinity binding between cell viral receptors, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Therapies have been developed that rely on the use of antibodies or the induction of their production (vaccination), but despite vaccination being still largely protective, the efficacy of antibody-based therapies wanes with the advent of new viral variants. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy has shown promise for tumors and has also been proposed for COVID-19 treatment, but as recognition of CARs still relies on antibody-derived sequences, they will still be hampered by the high evasion capacity of the virus. In this manuscript, we show the results from CAR-like constructs with a recognition domain based on the ACE2 viral receptor, whose ability to bind the virus will not wane, as Spike/ACE2 interaction is pivotal for viral entry. Moreover, we have developed a CAR construct based on an affinity-optimized ACE2 and showed that both wild-type and affinity-optimized ACE2 CARs drive activation of a T cell line in response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein expressed on a pulmonary cell line. Our work sets the stage for the development of CAR-like constructs against infectious agents that would not be affected by viral escape mutations and could be developed as soon as the receptor is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan P Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Olvera
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
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Fernández-Ponce C, Durán-Ruiz MC, Narbona-Sánchez I, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Serna-Sanz A, Baumann C, Litrán R, Aguado E, Bloch W, García-Cozar F. Ultrastructural Localization and Molecular Associations of HCV Capsid Protein in Jurkat T Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2595. [PMID: 29354102 PMCID: PMC5758585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus core protein is a highly basic viral protein that multimerizes with itself to form the viral capsid. When expressed in CD4+ T lymphocytes, it can induce modifications in several essential cellular and biological networks. To shed light on the mechanisms underlying the alterations caused by the viral protein, we have analyzed HCV-core subcellular localization and its associations with host proteins in Jurkat T cells. In order to investigate the intracellular localization of Hepatitis C virus core protein, we have used a lentiviral system to transduce Jurkat T cells and subsequently localize the protein using immunoelectron microscopy techniques. We found that in Jurkat T cells, Hepatitis C virus core protein mostly localizes in the nucleus and specifically in the nucleolus. In addition, we performed pull-down assays combined with Mass Spectrometry Analysis, to identify proteins that associate with Hepatitis C virus core in Jurkat T cells. We found proteins such as NOLC1, PP1γ, ILF3, and C1QBP implicated in localization and/or traffic to the nucleolus. HCV-core associated proteins are implicated in RNA processing and RNA virus infection as well as in functions previously shown to be altered in Hepatitis C virus core expressing CD4+ T cells, such as cell cycle delay, decreased proliferation, and induction of a regulatory phenotype. Thus, in the current work, we show the ultrastructural localization of Hepatitis C virus core and the first profile of HCV core associated proteins in T cells, and we discuss the functions and interconnections of these proteins in molecular networks where relevant biological modifications have been described upon the expression of Hepatitis C virus core protein. Thereby, the current work constitutes a necessary step toward understanding the mechanisms underlying HCV core mediated alterations that had been described in relevant biological processes in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria C Durán-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Isaac Narbona-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mikel M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Rocío Litrán
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Enrique Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Francisco García-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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5
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Fernández-Ponce C, Muñoz-Miranda JP, de los Santos DM, Aguado E, García-Cozar F, Litrán R. Influence of size and surface capping on photoluminescence and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 2018; 20:305. [PMID: 30524191 PMCID: PMC6244783 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic and homogeneous sub-10 nm blue light-emitting gold nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with different capping agents have been prepared by simple chemical routes. Structure, average, size, and surface characteristics of these NPs have been widely studied, and the stability of colloidal NP solutions at different pH values has been evaluated. Au NPs show blue PL emission, particularly in the GSH capped NPs, in which the thiol-metal core transference transitions considerably enhance the fluorescent emission. The influence of capping agent and NP size on cytotoxicity and on the fluorescent emission are analyzed and discussed in order to obtain Au NPs with suitable features for biomedical applications. Cytotoxicity of different types of gold NPs has been determined using NPs at high concentrations in both tumor cell lines and primary cells. All NPs used show high biocompatibility with low cytotoxicity even at high concentration, while Au-GSH NPs decrease viability and proliferation of both a tumor cell line and primary lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan P. Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Desiré M. de los Santos
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Instituto de Microscopía Electronica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Puerto Real Spain
| | - Enrique Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Litrán
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Instituto de Microscopía Electronica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Puerto Real Spain
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6
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Fernández-Ponce C, Dominguez-Villar M, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Litrán R, Aguado E, García-Cozar F. Immune modulation by the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:350-356. [PMID: 28092420 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently the most important cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the world and one of the most frequent indications for liver transplantation. HCV uses different strategies to evade the innate and adaptive immune response, and this evasion plays a key role in determining viral persistence. Several HCV viral proteins have been described as immune modulators. In this review, we will focus on the effect of HCV nucleocapsid core protein in the function of immune cells and its correlation with the findings observed in HCV chronically infected patients. Effects on immune cell function related to both extracellular and intracellular HCV core localization will be considered. This review provides an updated perspective on the mechanisms involved in HCV evasion related to one single HCV protein, which could become a key tool in the development of new antiviral strategies able to control and/or eradicate HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - M Dominguez-Villar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Human Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St. 353D, New Haven, 06520, CT
| | - J P Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - M M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - R Litrán
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - F García-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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