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Gallini JW, Jasien CL, Mrug M, Cui X. US Veterans Administration Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Cohort: Demographic, Comorbidity, and Key Laboratory Data Characteristics. Kidney360 2024; 5:529-537. [PMID: 38424672 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Key Points
We built a cohort of 12,217 patients diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease from 1999 to 2020 in the national Veteran Affairs electronic medical record system.We characterized the cohort on demographics, comorbidities, and key laboratory measurements.
Background
We used the largest integrated US healthcare system, the Veterans Health Administration, to establish a robust resource for demographic, longitudinal outcome, and predictive modeling studies in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
Methods
We built the ADPKD cohort by extracting the relevant electronic health record data from nationwide Veterans Health Administration database (years 1999–2020).
Results
We identified 12,217 patients diagnosed with ADPKD. By the end of the 20-year study period, 5342 patients with ADPKD were deceased, 1583 were alive but reached ESKD, and 4827 remained alive without ESKD. Most demographic characteristics of this ADPKD cohort resemble the total US veteran population. For example, 94% were male patients, 45% age 65 years or older, 85% non-Hispanic, and 66% white; however, 19% were Black/African Americans (versus 12% in the general veteran population; a relevant enrichment after considering age and sex distributions between races). The comorbidities overrepresented in the ADPKD cohort include hypertension (89% versus 50%), diabetes (32% versus 22%), depression (40% versus 10%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (30% versus 6%), and congestive heart failure (21% versus 1%). By contrast, obesity was underrepresented in veterans with ADPKD (30% versus 41%).
Conclusions
We established a large electronic medical record-based cohort of ADPKD veterans. Here, we provide initial analysis of its demographic, comorbidity, and key laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Gallini
- Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Christine L Jasien
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Alabi O, Beriwal S, Gallini JW, Cui X, Jasien C, Brewster L, Hunt KJ, Massarweh NN. Association of Health Care Utilization and Access to Care With Vascular Assessment Before Major Lower Extremity Amputation Among US Veterans. JAMA Surg 2023; 158:e230479. [PMID: 37074700 PMCID: PMC10116382 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Importance Patient-level characteristics alone do not account for variation in care among US veterans with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Presently, the extent to which health care utilization and regional practice variation are associated with veterans receiving vascular assessment prior to major lower extremity amputation (LEA) is unknown. Objective To assess whether demographics, comorbidities, distance to primary care, the number of ambulatory clinic visits (primary and medical specialty care), and geographic region are associated with receipt of vascular assessment prior to LEA. Design, Setting, and Participants This national cohort study used US Department of Veterans Affairs' Corporate Data Warehouse data from March 1, 2010, to February 28, 2020, for veterans aged 18 or older who underwent major LEA and who received care at Veterans Affairs facilities. Exposures The number of ambulatory clinic visits (primary and medical specialty care) in the year prior to LEA, geographic region of residence, and distance to primary care. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was receipt of a vascular assessment (vascular imaging study or revascularization procedure) in the year prior to LEA. Results Among 19 396 veterans, the mean (SD) age was 66.78 (10.20) years and 98.5% were male. In the year prior to LEA, 8.0% had no primary care visits and 30.1% did not have a vascular assessment. Compared with veterans with 4 to 11 primary care clinic visits, those with fewer visits were less likely to receive vascular assessment in the year prior to LEA (1-3 visits: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99). Compared with veterans who lived less than 13 miles from the closest primary care facility, those who lived 13 miles or more from the facility were less likely to receive vascular assessment (aOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95). Veterans who resided in the Midwest were most likely to undergo vascular assessment in the year prior to LEA than were those living in other regions. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, health care utilization, distance to primary care, and geographic region were associated with intensity of PAD treatment before LEA, suggesting that some veterans may be at greater risk of suboptimal PAD care practices. Development of clinical programs, such as remote patient monitoring and management, may represent potential opportunities to improve limb preservation rates and the overall quality of vascular care for veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Alabi
- Surgical and Perioperative Care, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Julia W. Gallini
- Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Luke Brewster
- Surgical and Perioperative Care, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly J. Hunt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Nader N. Massarweh
- Surgical and Perioperative Care, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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O'Shea JG, Gallini JW, Cui X, Moanna A, Marconi VC. Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Program: Development and Evaluation at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center in the Southern United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2022; 36:219-225. [PMID: 35587641 PMCID: PMC9353996 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early HIV viral suppression (VS) improves individual health outcomes and decreases onward transmission. We designed an outpatient clinic protocol to rapidly initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a large Veterans Health Administration (VA) HIV clinic. A pre-post evaluation was performed using a retrospective cohort study design for new diagnoses of HIV infection from January 2012 to February 2020. Time-to-event analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model with the intervention group as the main exposure adjusted for integrase inhibitor usage, baseline viral load, age, gender, and race. Most of the patients were men (historical control: 94.8%, n = 55; Rapid Start: 94.8%, n = 55) and Black or African American persons (historical control: 87.9%, n = 51; Rapid Start: 82.8%, n = 48). More patients initiated treatment with an integrase inhibitor-based regimen in the Rapid Start group (98.3%, n = 57) compared with the historical control group (39.7%, n = 23). Compared with controls, the Rapid Start patients were significantly more likely to achieve VS at any given time during the study period (hazard ratio 2.65; p < 0.001). Median days (interquartile range) from diagnosis to VS decreased from 180.5 (102.5-338.5) to 62 (40-105) (p < 0.001), first appointment to VS decreased from 123 (68.5-237.5) to 45 (28-82) (p < 0.001), referral to first visit decreased from 20 (10-43) to 1 (0-3) (p < 0.001), and from first visit to ART dispense date decreased from 27.5 (3-50) to 0 (0-0) (p = 0.01). Prioritizing immediate ART initiation can compress the HIV care continuum from diagnosis to linkage to VS. Implementation of the Rapid Start Protocol should be considered at all VA facilities providing HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse G. O'Shea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia W. Gallini
- Infectious Diseases, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abeer Moanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Infectious Diseases, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Infectious Diseases, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Gallini JW, Benkeser D, Cui X, Shah AJ, Phillips LS, Hemnes AR, Hart CM, Trammell AW. Pulmonary Hypertension: A New Vascular Complication of Diabetes? Chest 2022; 161:803-806. [PMID: 34537188 PMCID: PMC8941604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amit J Shah
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - C Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Aaron W Trammell
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
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Gallini JW, Sata E, Zerihun M, Melak B, Haile M, Zeru T, Gessese D, Ayele Z, Tadesse Z, Callahan EK, Nash SD, Weiss PS. Optimizing cluster survey designs for estimating trachomatous inflammation-follicular within trachoma control programs. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 116:101-107. [PMID: 34965463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization recommends mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. MDA decisions are based on prevalence estimates from two-stage cluster surveys. Work remains to mathematically evaluate current trachoma survey designs. We aimed to characterize the effects of the number of units sampled on the precision and cost of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) estimates. METHODS We simulated a population of 30 districts to represent the breadth of possible TF distributions in Amhara, Ethiopia. Samples of varying numbers of clusters (14-34) and households (10-60) were selected. Sampling schemes were evaluated on precision, proportion of incorrect and low MDA decisions made, and estimated cost. RESULTS Number of clusters sampled had a greater impact on precision than number of households. The most efficient scheme depended on the underlying TF prevalence in a district. For lower prevalence areas (<10%) the most cost efficient (providing adequate precision while minimizing cost) design was 20 clusters of 20-30 households. For higher prevalence areas (>10%), the most efficient design was 15-20 clusters of 20-30 households. CONCLUSIONS For longer-running programs, using context-specific survey designs would allow for practical precision while reducing survey costs. Sampling 15 clusters of 20-30 households in suspected moderate to high prevalence districts and 20 clusters of 20-30 households in districts suspected to be near the 5% threshold appears to be a balanced approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Gallini
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eshetu Sata
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Zerihun
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Melak
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mahteme Haile
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Taye Zeru
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Demelash Gessese
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zebene Ayele
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Tadesse
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E Kelly Callahan
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott D Nash
- Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Cui X, Gallini JW, Jasien CL, Mrug M. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Does Not Significantly Alter Major COVID-19 Outcomes among Veterans. Kidney360 2021; 2:983-988. [PMID: 35373094 PMCID: PMC8791380 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007282020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was not a significant, independent risk factor for the four major outcomes studied among veterans with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).ADPKD did not significantly increase the risk for newly starting dialysis (after controlling for CKD) among veterans positive for COVID-19.The established risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness had significant effects in this cohort (e.g., type 2 diabetes and Black race).
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as its common causes (e.g., diabetes and obesity), are recognized risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness. To explore whether the most common inherited cause of CKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), is also an independent risk factor, we studied data from the VA health system and the VA COVID-19-shared resources (e.g., ICD codes, demographics, pre-existing conditions, pre-testing symptoms, and post-testing outcomes). Among 61 COVID-19-positive ADPKD patients, 21 (34.4%) were hospitalized, 10 (16.4%) were admitted to ICU, 4 (6.6%) required ventilator, and 4 (6.6%) died by August 18, 2020. These rates were comparable to patients with other cystic kidney diseases and cystic liver-only diseases. ADPKD was not a significant risk factor for any of the four outcomes in multivariable logistic regression analyses when compared with other cystic kidney diseases and cystic liver-only diseases. In contrast, diabetes was a significant risk factor for hospitalization [OR 2.30 (1.61, 3.30), p<0.001], ICU admission [OR 2.23 (1.47, 3.42), p<0.001], and ventilator requirement [OR 2.20 (1.27, 3.88), p=0.005]. Black race significantly increased the risk for ventilator requirement [OR 2.00 (1.18, 3.44), p=0.011] and mortality [OR 1.60 (1.02, 2.51), p=0.040]. We also examined the outcome of starting dialysis after COVID-19 confirmation. The main risk factor for starting dialysis was CKD [OR 6.37 (2.43, 16.7)] and Black race [OR 3.47 (1.48, 8.1)]. After controlling for CKD, ADPKD did not significantly increase the risk for newly starting dialysis comparing with other cystic kidney diseases and cystic liver-only diseases. In summary, ADPKD did not significantly alter major COVID-19 outcomes among veterans when compared to other cystic kidney and liver patients.
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Register-Mihalik JK, Bloom OJ, Fonseca J, Phillips K, Kay MC, Vander Vegt CB, Gallini JW, Guskiewicz KM, De Maio VJ. Relationship Between Initial Post-concussion Presentation And Health-related Quality Of Life At One Month Post-injury In Pediatric Concussion Patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518015.54454.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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