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Fry S, Chokephaibulkit K, Pallem S, Henry O, Pu Y, Akawung A, Kim JH, Yanni E, Tullio AN, Aurpibul L, Lee CMF, Ceballos A, Zaman K, Abadía de Regalado I, Ahmed K, Arias Fernandez DA, Taher SW, Caccavo J, Coutinho CM, D’Andrea Nores U, De León T, D’Silva EC, De Bernardi M, Dieser P, Falaschi A, Flores Acosta CDC, Gentile A, Teo IH, Kotze S, López-Medina E, Luca R, Lucion MF, Mantaring JBIIIV, Marín B, Moelo M, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Pinto J, Puthanakit T, Reyes O, Roa MF, Rodriguez Brieschke MT, Rodriguez CE, Rodriguez Niño JN, Schwarzbold AV, Sierra Garcia A, Sivapatham L, Soon R, Tinoco JC, Velásquez Penagos JA, Dos Santos G. Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Infants in Low- and Middle-Income Regions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad553. [PMID: 38088983 PMCID: PMC10715683 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence data of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness (RSV-LRTI) are sparse in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated RSV-LRTI incidence rates (IRs) in infants in LMICs using World Health Organization case definitions. Methods This prospective cohort study, conducted in 10 LMICs from May 2019 to October 2021 (largely overlapping with the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic), followed infants born to women with low-risk pregnancies for 1 year from birth using active and passive surveillance to detect potential LRTIs, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on nasal swabs to detect RSV. Results Among 2094 infants, 32 (1.5%) experienced an RSV-LRTI (8 during their first 6 months of life, 24 thereafter). Seventeen (0.8%) infants had severe RSV-LRTI and 168 (8.0%) had all-cause LRTI. IRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of first RSV-LRTI episode were 1.0 (.3-2.3), 0.8 (.3-1.5), and 1.6 (1.1-2.2) per 100 person-years for infants aged 0-2, 0-5, and 0-11 months, respectively. IRs (95% CIs) of the first all-cause LRTI episode were 10.7 (8.1-14.0), 11.7 (9.6-14.0), and 8.7 (7.5-10.2) per 100 person-years, respectively. IRs varied by country (RSV-LRTI: 0.0-8.3, all-cause LRTI: 0.0-49.6 per 100 person-years for 0- to 11-month-olds). Conclusions RSV-LRTI IRs in infants in this study were relatively low, likely due to reduced viral circulation caused by COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03614676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fry
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Aurpibul
- Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto Médico Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Khalequ Zaman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Khatija Ahmed
- Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Juliana Caccavo
- Donación Francisco Santojanni Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Conrado Milani Coutinho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Tirza De León
- Maternity Hospital José Domingo De Obaldia, San Pablo Viejo, Panama
| | | | | | - Pablo Dieser
- Instituto Médico Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Falaschi
- Dr Ramon Carrillo Hospital, Mendoza, Argentina
- Dr Diego Paroissien Hospital, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Angela Gentile
- Epidemiology Department, Hospital de Niños Dr Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Sheena Kotze
- Synexus Stanza Clinical Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Clinica Imbanaco, Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ruben Luca
- Hospital F. F. Santojanni C1407, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Lucion
- Epidemiology Department, Hospital de Niños Dr Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacinto Blas III V Mantaring
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Pinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Department of Pediatrics and Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- Santo Tomás Hospital, Panama City, Panama
- Centro de Vacunación Internacional S.A., La Chorrera, Panama
- Member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI), Panama City, Panama
| | - Maria Fernanda Roa
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Camilo Enrique Rodriguez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, University of the Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold
- Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Sierra Garcia
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Clinica Imbanaco, Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia
| | - Lavitha Sivapatham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ampang Hospital, Ampang, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Soon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sabah Women's and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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