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Brastianos PK, Kim AE, Giobbie-Hurder A, Lee EQ, Lin NU, Overmoyer B, Wen PY, Nayak L, Cohen JV, Dietrich J, Eichler A, Heist RS, Krop I, Lawrence D, Ligibel J, Tolaney S, Mayer E, Winer E, Bent B, de Sauvage MA, Ijad N, Larson JM, Marion B, Nason S, Murthy N, Ratcliff S, Summers EJ, Mahar M, Shih HA, Oh K, Cahill DP, Gerstner ER, Sullivan RJ. Pembrolizumab in brain metastases of diverse histologies: phase 2 trial results. Nat Med 2023; 29:1728-1737. [PMID: 37268724 PMCID: PMC10644912 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are an emerging challenge in oncology due to increasing incidence and limited treatments. Here, we present results of a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial evaluating intracranial efficacy of pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor, in 9 patients with untreated BMs (cohort A) and 48 patients with recurrent and progressive BMs (cohort B) across different histologies. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving intracranial benefit, defined by complete response, partial response or stable disease. The primary endpoint was met with an intracranial benefit rate of 42.1% (90% confidence interval (CI): 31-54%). The median overall survival, a secondary endpoint, was 8.0 months (90% CI: 5.5-8.7 months) across both cohorts, 6.5 months (90% CI: 4.5-18.7 months) for cohort A and 8.1 months (90% CI: 5.3-9.6 months) for cohort B. Seven patients (12.3%), encompassing breast, melanoma and sarcoma histologies, had overall survival greater than 2 years. Thirty patients (52%; 90% CI: 41-64%) had one or more grade-3 or higher adverse events that were at least possibly treatment related. Two patients had grade-4 adverse events (cerebral edema) that were deemed at least possibly treatment related. These results suggest that programmed cell death protein 1 blockade may benefit a select group of patients with BMs, and support further studies to identify biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02886585.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert E Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Overmoyer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justine V Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - April Eichler
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian Krop
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Donald Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ligibel
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Tolaney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erica Mayer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Winer
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brittany Bent
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magali A de Sauvage
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nazanin Ijad
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliana M Larson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Braxton Marion
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Nason
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naina Murthy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherry Ratcliff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Summers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura Mahar
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen A Shih
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Oh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gerstner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ijad N, Waller KL, Nayyar N, Larson JM, Spear J, Cahill D, Barker FG, Galanis E, Sarkaria J, Wakimoto H, Vaubel R, Brastianos P. EXTH-89. EXPLORING ANTI-TUMOR EFFECTS OF SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF CDK4/6, FAK, AND RAF/MEK IN PRECLINICAL MODELS OF MENINGIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Adequate treatment options are limited for patients with meningiomas once they have exhausted surgery and radiation. As our molecular understanding of meningiomas and their progression has improved, CDK, FAK, and RAF/MEK pathways have emerged as potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. However, patient-derived cell and xenograft models of meningiomas are difficult to establish, presenting a challenge in preclinical testing and validation of new therapeutic targets. The objective of this study is to develop informative preclinical models of meningiomas and use those to evaluate the activity of potent and selective inhibitors of CDK4/6, FAK, and RAF/MEK.
METHODS
We used CellTiter-Glo assay to assess the anti-tumor effects of CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib, FAK inhibitor defactinib (VS-6063) and dual RAF/MEK inhibitor RO5126766 (VS-6766) in BEN-MEN-1 (WHO Grade I, NF2-mutant), CH157-MN (WHO Unknown, NF2-mutant), and IOMM-Lee (WHO Grade III, CDKN2A loss) cell lines. Additionally, we used CyQUANT assays to quantify anti-proliferation activity of these inhibitors in a newly established patient-derived cell line MN14 (WHO Grade II, NF2 mutant). In parallel, we continue our attempts to establish patient-derived cell and xenograft models using freshly isolated surgical specimens of progressive meningioma.
RESULTS
Defactinib monotherapy significantly decreased cell viability across a 10nM-10μM range for all three established cell lines. RO5126766 showed improved efficacy (by 10-fold) in IOMM-Lee, compared to CH157-MN and Ben-Men-1. Abemaciclib showed potent effects at 10nM in IOMM-Lee and BEN-MEN-1, compared to 100nM for CH157-MN. In the MN14 patient-derived cell line, established from an NF2-mutant atypical meningioma, we observed a significant decrease in cell proliferation with defactinib. A decrease in cell proliferation was also observed with RO5126766 and abemaciclib.
CONCLUSION
Selective inhibitors of CDK4/6, FAK, and RAF/MEK showed anti-meningioma activity against traditional and patient-derived cell models in vitro. Molecular characterization and establishment of patient-derived models that encompass the diversity of clinical meningiomas are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naema Nayyar
- University of Massachusetts Medical School , Boston , USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | | | - Jann Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | - Priscilla Brastianos
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Markson SC, Stocking JH, Nayyar N, Lastrapes M, Strickland MR, Kim AE, de Sauvage M, Dahal A, Larson JM, Mora JL, Navia AW, Klein RH, Kuter BM, Gill CM, Bertalan M, Shaw B, Kaplan A, Subramanian M, Jain A, Kumar S, Danish H, White M, Shahid O, Pauken KE, Miller BC, Frederick DT, Hebert C, Shaw M, Martinez-Lage M, Frosch M, Wang N, Gerstner E, Nahed BV, Curry WT, Carter B, Cahill DP, Boland GM, Izar B, Davies MA, Sharpe AH, Suvà ML, Sullivan RJ, Brastianos PK, Carter SL. Microenvironmental Landscape of Human Melanoma Brain Metastases in Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:996-1012. [PMID: 35706413 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma-derived brain metastases (MBM) represent an unmet clinical need because central nervous system progression is frequently an end stage of the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) provide a clinical opportunity against MBM; however, the MBM tumor microenvironment (TME) has not been fully elucidated in the context of ICI. To dissect unique elements of the MBM TME and correlates of MBM response to ICI, we collected 32 fresh MBM and performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the MBM TME and T-cell receptor clonotyping on T cells from MBM and matched blood and extracranial lesions. We observed myeloid phenotypic heterogeneity in the MBM TME, most notably multiple distinct neutrophil states, including an IL8-expressing population that correlated with malignant cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, we observed significant relationships between intracranial T-cell phenotypes and the distribution of T-cell clonotypes intracranially and peripherally. We found that the phenotype, clonotype, and overall number of MBM-infiltrating T cells were associated with response to ICI, suggesting that ICI-responsive MBMs interact with peripheral blood in a manner similar to extracranial lesions. These data identify unique features of the MBM TME that may represent potential targets to improve clinical outcomes for patients with MBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel C Markson
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jackson H Stocking
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matt Lastrapes
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew R Strickland
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert E Kim
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Magali de Sauvage
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashish Dahal
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juliana M Larson
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joana L Mora
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew W Navia
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert H Klein
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin M Kuter
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corey M Gill
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mia Bertalan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aarushi Jain
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Swaminathan Kumar
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Husain Danish
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael White
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Osmaan Shahid
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian C Miller
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Hebert
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - McKenzie Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Martinez-Lage
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Frosch
- C. S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Wang
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bob Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Genevieve Marie Boland
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, New York
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L Carter
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Larson JM, Nwokonko RM, Baraniak JH, Zhou Y, Gill DL. A Closer Look at Orai3: An Investigation into Constitutively Active Mutants of the Lesser Known Calcium Ion Channel. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Stephenson EL, Larson JM, Meyer AM. 170 Effect of Time of Birth on Fall- Born Beef Calf Rectal Temperature and Metabolites in First 72 Hours of Life. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E L Stephenson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - J M Larson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - A M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Marois R, Larson JM, Chun MM, Shima D. Response-specific sources of dual-task interference in human pre-motor cortex. Psychol Res 2005; 70:436-47. [PMID: 16283409 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-005-0022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to perform two tasks at the same time. Such performance limitations are exemplified by the psychological refractory period (PRP): when participants make distinct motor responses to two stimuli presented in rapid succession, the response to the second stimulus is increasingly slowed as the time interval between the two stimuli is decreased. This impairment is thought to reflect a central limitation in selecting the appropriate response to each stimulus, but not in perceptually encoding the stimuli. In the present study, it was sought to determine which brain regions are specifically involved in response selection under dual-task conditions by contrasting fMRI brain activity measured from a response selection manipulation that increased dual-task costs, with brain activity measured from an equally demanding manipulation that affected perceptual visibility. While a number of parieto-frontal areas involved in response selection were activated by both dual-task manipulations, the dorsal pre-motor cortex, and to a lesser extent the inferior frontal cortex, were specifically engaged by the response selection manipulation. These results suggest that the pre-motor cortex is an important neural locus of response selection limitation under dual-task situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marois
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 530 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Ave, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study and evaluate a sequential, extended embryo culture system. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University-affiliated IVF clinic. PATIENT(S) All couples who were treated between October 1997 and July 1998. INTERVENTION(S) A standard human tubal fluid plus 10% serum substitute supplement (SSS) culture medium was used. The embryos were transferred to extended culture medium (S2 or G2) on day 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Blastocyst formation and implantation and pregnancy rates. RESULT(S) Forty percent of the 20 donated cryopreserved embryos progressed to the blastocyst stage by day 6. Clinically, 7 (5.6%) of the 125 cycles did not result in a transfer. Blastocyst formation rates ranged from 33%-63% in the five study groups. Implantation rates ranged from 15%-52% and pregnancy rates ranged from 37%-75%. CONCLUSION(S) Extended culture to day 5 or 6 results in acceptable blastocyst formation rates, implantation rates, and pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Patton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA
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Larson JM, McKinney KA, Mixon BA, Burry KA, Wolf DP. An intrauterine insemination-ready cryopreservation method compared with sperm recovery after conventional freezing and post-thaw processing. Fertil Steril 1997; 68:143-8. [PMID: 9207600 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test a sucrose-glycerol cryoprotectant for IUI-ready sperm preparation. DESIGN Semen aliquots from normozoospermic donors either were subjected to conventional semen freezing (TES and Tris yolk buffer in 7.4% final glycerol) with post-thaw processing or were preprocessed and frozen in HEPES-buffered human tubal fluid with 1% human serum albumin, 4% sucrose, and 6% glycerol. All aliquots were cooled to 4 degrees C, exposed to liquid nitrogen vapors, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Aliquots from each were processed by centrifugation resuspension or by centrifugation in Percoll (Pharmacia, Alameda, CA) before sperm parameters were analyzed. SETTING University-based andrology laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Recovery of motile sperm. RESULT(S) Percoll processing produced preparations with higher percentages of motile cells; however, cryopreserved sperm had a lower recovery of motile sperm compared with Percoll-processed fresh semen or centrifugation/resuspension-processed fresh or frozen samples. The percentages of sperm with normal morphologies were significantly increased in the IUI-ready samples compared with samples frozen conventionally. The IUI-ready Percoll-processed sample produced the best results, with a final mean motility of 36% and an overall yield of motile sperm of 17.4%. CONCLUSION(S) The sucrose-glycerol-based cryoprotectant produced an IUI-ready preparation with motile sperm recovery comparable to that of conventional semen cryopreservation but with improved percent morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Larson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
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Larson JM. Hospital utilization and library search requests: is there a link? Bull Med Libr Assoc 1994; 82:218-20. [PMID: 8004029 PMCID: PMC225902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Larson
- Memorial Hospital of South Bend, Indiana 46601
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Larson JM, Pretorius DH, Budorick NE, Scioscia AL. Value of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels of 5.0 MOM or greater and prenatal sonography in predicting fetal outcome. Radiology 1993; 189:77-81. [PMID: 7690492 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.189.1.7690492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine fetal outcomes and the capability of sonography to help predict these outcomes in patients with maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels of 5.0 multiples of the median or greater. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time sonography was performed in patients with singleton and multiple gestations. After sonography, the pregnancy was monitored. RESULTS Inaccurate historical dating caused elevated MSAFP levels in 14 patients. In the remaining 72 singleton gestations, 42 fetuses (58%) had anomalies, 13 (18%) died in utero or after birth, three (4%) had intrauterine growth retardation or were premature, and 14 (19%) were normal, with no complications. A poor outcome occurred in 58 (80%) of the singleton pregnancies, and sonography depicted an abnormality in 49 (84%) of these patients. CONCLUSION Most pregnant patients with MSAFP levels of 5.0 MOM or greater have an unfavorable outcome. Sonography depicts most of these abnormal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Larson
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center
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11
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Larson JM, Peirce JC, Ellinger DM, Parish GH, Hammond DC, Ferguson CF, Verde FJ, Vander Kolk HL. 1989 ARRS President's Award. The validity and utility of sonography in the diagnosis of appendicitis in the community setting. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 153:687-91. [PMID: 2672728 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.153.4.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred six patients with suspected appendicitis were examined with sonography over a 6-month period in three community teaching hospitals. Of 41 patients in whom the surgeons judged the clinical findings severe enough to warrant immediate surgery (group A), 34 (83%) had appendicitis, and sonography had a sensitivity of 0.76, a specificity of 0.71, and an accuracy of 0.76. Of 165 patients in whom the surgeons judged the clinical findings severe enough to warrant hospitalization for observation but not immediate surgery (group B), 51 (31%) had appendicitis at subsequent surgery. Sonography had a sensitivity of 0.96, a specificity of 0.94, and an accuracy of 0.95. Of 49 surgeons surveyed, the mean testing threshold (i.e., the probability of appendicitis below which they would send the patient home without further tests or observation) was 0.11, and the mean treatment threshold (i.e., the probability of appendicitis above which they would operate immediately) was 0.82. The posttest probability of appendicitis with findings indicating appendicitis present on sonography was 0.93 in group A and 0.88 in group B, and with findings absent on sonography it was 0.62 in group A and 0.02 in group B. We conclude that in group A patients, the use of sonography remains controversial in the diagnosis of appendicitis, but in group B patients it is both valid and useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Larson
- Michigan State University/Grand Rapids Area Medical Education Center 49503
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Larson JM, Michalski JP, Collacott EA, Eltorai D, McCombs CC, Madorsky JB. Increased prevalence of HLA-B27 in patients with ectopic ossification following traumatic spinal cord injury. Rheumatol Rehabil 1981; 20:193-7. [PMID: 6795713 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/20.4.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 was determined in 43 patients with post-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The prevalence of B27 was significantly increased in the SCI patients with ectopic ossification. Five of 21 patients with ectopic bone had B27 compared to none of the 22 patients without ossification (P = 0.021). This finding indicates that HLA-B27 is a genetically determined risk factor for the development of heterotopic ossification following injury to the central nervous system. Future studies may determine that HLA-typing can identify a group of patients at a high risk of a disabling complication of SCI who should be treated prophylactically to prevent ectopic bone.
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Fahs IJ, Lynch FW, Ward RD, Larson JM. Dermatologists in the United States, 1968 through 1973. Arch Dermatol 1976; 112:235-42. [PMID: 962354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From 1968 to 1973, the number of dermatologists in the United States per 100,000 population gradually increased from 1.6 to 1.8, with the West and Northeast regions showing relatively higher rates and the South and North Central regions showing relatively lower rates. The variation in rate, considered by geographic divisions, can be analyzed to identify areas in the United States that may be in need of additional dermatologists. Given the current number of dermatologists being certified by the American Board of Dermatology and given the current death rate, there appear to be a sufficient number of dermatologists to ensure future growth.
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Sizemore GW, Hpeath H, Larson JM. Immunochemical heterogeneity of calcitonin in plasma of patients with medullary thryoid carcinoma. J Clin Invest 1975; 55:1111-8. [PMID: 47335 PMCID: PMC301858 DOI: 10.1172/jci108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marked discrepancies (values up to four times higher in on assay than in the other) were observed when the plasma concentration of immunoreactive human calcitonin (iCT) was measured by two radioimm8noassays in 18 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. The two antisera used had different binding affinities for the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions of synthetic calcitonin monomer (CT-1-32). Except for this difference, the assays were identical and reacted equally with CT 1-32. Plasma samples from patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were gel filtered on columns of Bio-Gel P-150, and the immunoreactivity in column effuent fractions was measured with both assays. The one utilizing the antiserum with prominent NH2-terminal binding affinity (and giving higher iCT values) recognized at least five molecular species that eluted with or before CT 1-32. The other assay, utilizing the antiserum with a COOH-terminal binding affinity, recognized two fo these molecular species-one eluting with CT 1-32 and the other in a position consistent with a dimer. A mixture of athreotic asthma and added CT 1-32 contained a single immunologic species that was recoqnized equally by both antisera. No forms smaller than CT 1-32 were detected in any study. The results suggest that iCT circulating in the plasma of patients with medullary thryoid carcinoma is hetergeneous. The absolute iCT concentration measured by radioimmunoassays depends on recognition of these distinct molecular species as well as on the specific binding affinities of the antiserum used to detect them. These observations may partially explain the variations among iCT values reported by different laboratories.
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Larson JM, Bennett LR. Human serum albumin as a stabilizer for 99mTc-sulfur suspension. J Nucl Med 1969; 10:294-5. [PMID: 5785027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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