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Li L, Krznar P, Erban A, Agazzi A, Martin-Levilain J, Supale S, Kopka J, Zamboni N, Maechler P. Metabolomics Identifies a Biomarker Revealing In Vivo Loss of Functional β-Cell Mass Before Diabetes Onset. Diabetes 2019; 68:2272-2286. [PMID: 31537525 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of individuals with decreased functional β-cell mass is essential for the prevention of diabetes. However, in vivo detection of early asymptomatic β-cell defect remains unsuccessful. Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool in providing readouts of early disease states before clinical manifestation. We aimed at identifying novel plasma biomarkers for loss of functional β-cell mass in the asymptomatic prediabetes stage. Nontargeted and targeted metabolomics were applied in both lean β-Phb2-/- (β-cell-specific prohibitin-2 knockout) mice and obese db/db (leptin receptor mutant) mice, two distinct mouse models requiring neither chemical nor dietary treatments to induce spontaneous decline of functional β-cell mass promoting progressive diabetes development. Nontargeted metabolomics on β-Phb2-/- mice identified 48 and 82 significantly affected metabolites in liver and plasma, respectively. Machine learning analysis pointed to deoxyhexose sugars consistently reduced at the asymptomatic prediabetes stage, including in db/db mice, showing strong correlation with the gradual loss of β-cells. Further targeted metabolomics by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry uncovered the identity of the deoxyhexose, with 1,5-anhydroglucitol displaying the most substantial changes. In conclusion, this study identified 1,5-anhydroglucitol as associated with the loss of functional β-cell mass and uncovered metabolic similarities between liver and plasma, providing insights into the systemic effects caused by early decline in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra Krznar
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Systems Biology, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrea Agazzi
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Martin-Levilain
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Supale
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Martin-Levilain
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lingzi Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland .,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Li L, Martin-Levilain J, Jiménez-Sánchez C, Karaca M, Foti M, Martinou JC, Maechler P. In vivo stabilization of OPA1 in hepatocytes potentiates mitochondrial respiration and gluconeogenesis in a prohibitin-dependent way. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12581-12598. [PMID: 31285263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with fatty liver diseases present altered mitochondrial morphology and impaired metabolic function. Mitochondrial dynamics and related cell function require the uncleaved form of the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1. Stabilization of OPA1 might then confer a protective mechanism against stress-induced tissue damages. To study the putative role of hepatic mitochondrial morphology in a sick liver, we expressed a cleavage-resistant long form of OPA1 (L-OPA1Δ) in the liver of a mouse model with mitochondrial liver dysfunction (i.e. the hepatocyte-specific prohibitin-2 knockout (Hep-Phb2-/-) mice). Liver prohibitin-2 deficiency caused excessive proteolytic cleavage of L-OPA1, mitochondrial fragmentation, and increased apoptosis. These molecular alterations were associated with lipid accumulation, abolished gluconeogenesis, and extensive liver damage. Such liver dysfunction was associated with severe hypoglycemia. In prohibitin-2 knockout mice, expression of L-OPA1Δ by in vivo adenovirus delivery restored the morphology but not the function of mitochondria in hepatocytes. In prohibitin-competent mice, elongation of liver mitochondria by expression of L-OPA1Δ resulted in excessive glucose production associated with increased mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, mitochondrial dynamics participates in the control of hepatic glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Martin-Levilain
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melis Karaca
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland .,Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Karaca M, Martin-Levilain J, Grimaldi M, Li L, Dizin E, Emre Y, Maechler P. Liver Glutamate Dehydrogenase Controls Whole-Body Energy Partitioning Through Amino Acid-Derived Gluconeogenesis and Ammonia Homeostasis. Diabetes 2018; 67:1949-1961. [PMID: 30002133 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia detoxification and gluconeogenesis are major hepatic functions mutually connected through amino acid metabolism. The liver is rich in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) that catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia, thus bridging amino acid-to-glucose pathways. Here we generated inducible liver-specific GDH-knockout mice (HepGlud1-/- ) to explore the role of hepatic GDH on metabolic homeostasis. Investigation of nitrogen metabolism revealed altered ammonia homeostasis in HepGlud1-/- mice characterized by increased circulating ammonia associated with reduced detoxification process into urea. The abrogation of hepatic GDH also modified energy homeostasis. In the fasting state, HepGlud1-/- mice could barely produce glucose in response to alanine due to impaired liver gluconeogenesis. Compared with control mice, lipid consumption in HepGlud1-/- mice was favored over carbohydrates as a compensatory energy fuel. The changes in energy partitioning induced by the lack of liver GDH modified the circadian rhythm of food intake. Overall, this study demonstrates the central role of hepatic GDH as a major regulator for the maintenance of ammonia and whole-body energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karaca
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Martin-Levilain
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Grimaldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lingzi Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dizin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yalin Emre
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Lukowski SW, Fish RJ, Martin-Levilain J, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler LH, Maechler P, Dermitzakis ET, Neerman-Arbez M. Integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression in response to interleukin-6 in hepatocytes. Data Brief 2015. [PMID: 26217794 PMCID: PMC4510544 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between miRNAs and genes they regulate during the acute phase response is crucial to our understanding of inflammatory diseases and processes. Inducing the acute phase response in hepatocytes by stimulating them with interleukin-6 [1] and then examining global changes in mRNA and miRNA expression can provide insight into the timing and dynamics of these interactions. Here we provide additional data for our study, Ref. [2]. In this data, we identify and validate IL-6-induced changes in gene expression [3–6] and their functional relationships over time and between cell types by gene ontology [7,8]. We also provide data showing the enrichment of miRNA binding motifs in the 3׳UTRs of differentially expressed genes [9], and their predicted gene targets derived from our RNA-seq data [10].
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Lukowski
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Fish
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Martin-Levilain
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marguerite Neerman-Arbez
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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