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Chan WY, Entwisle C, Ercoli G, Ramos-Sevillano E, McIlgorm A, Cecchini P, Bailey C, Lam O, Whiting G, Green N, Goldblatt D, Wheeler JX, Brown JS. Corrected and Republished from: "A Novel, Multiple-Antigen Pneumococcal Vaccine Protects against Lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae Challenge". Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0084618a. [PMID: 35076289 PMCID: PMC9199499 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00846-18a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae uses vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides from selected serotypes and has led to nonvaccine serotype replacement disease. We have investigated an alternative serotype-independent approach, using multiple-antigen vaccines (MAV) prepared from S. pneumoniae TIGR4 lysates enriched for surface proteins by a chromatography step after culture under conditions that induce expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp; thought to be immune adjuvants). Proteomics and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that, compared to standard bacterial lysates, MAV was enriched with Hsps and contained several recognized protective protein antigens, including pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumolysin (Ply). Vaccination of rodents with MAV induced robust antibody responses to multiple serotypes, including nonpneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes. Homologous and heterologous strains of S. pneumoniae were opsonized after incubation in sera from vaccinated rodents. In mouse models, active vaccination with MAV significantly protected against pneumonia, while passive transfer of rabbit serum from MAV-vaccinated rabbits significantly protected against sepsis caused by both homologous and heterologous S. pneumoniae strains. Direct comparison of MAV preparations made with or without the heat shock step showed no clear differences in protein antigen content and antigenicity, suggesting that the chromatography step rather than Hsp induction improved MAV antigenicity. Overall, these data suggest that the MAV approach may provide serotype-independent protection against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win-Yan Chan
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Ramos-Sevillano
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann McIlgorm
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Oliver Lam
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Whiting
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Green
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X. Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Chan WY, Entwisle C, Ercoli G, Ramos-Sevillano E, McIlgorm A, Cecchini P, Bailey C, Lam O, Whiting G, Green N, Goldblatt D, Wheeler JX, Brown JS. Correction for Chan et al., "A Novel, Multiple-Antigen Pneumococcal Vaccine Protects against Lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae Challenge". Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0063921. [PMID: 35076290 PMCID: PMC8876107 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00639-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Win-Yan Chan
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Ramos-Sevillano
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann McIlgorm
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Oliver Lam
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controlgrid.70909.37, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Whiting
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controlgrid.70909.37, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Green
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controlgrid.70909.37, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Facchetti A, Wheeler JX, Vipond C, Whiting G, Lavender H, Feavers IM, Maiden MCJ, Maharjan S. Factor H binding protein (fHbp)-mediated differential complement resistance of a serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis isolate from cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with invasive meningococcal disease. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000255. [PMID: 34712903 PMCID: PMC8549389 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) at the University of Southampton, UK, in 1997, two Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C isolates were retrieved from a student ('Case'), who died of IMD, and a close contact ('Carrier') who, after mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on the deceased, did not contract the disease. Genomic comparison of the isolates demonstrated extensive nucleotide sequence identity, with differences identified in eight genes. Here, comparative proteomics was used to measure differential protein expression between the isolates and investigate whether the differences contributed to the clinical outcomes. A total of six proteins were differentially expressed: four proteins (methylcitrate synthase, PrpC; hypothetical integral membrane protein, Imp; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, Fba; aldehyde dehydrogenase A, AldA) were upregulated in the Case isolate, while one protein (Type IV pilus-associated protein, PilC2) was downregulated. Peptides for factor H binding protein (fHbp), a major virulence factor and antigenic protein, were only detected in the Case, with a single base deletion (ΔT366) in the Carrier fHbp causing lack of its expression. Expression of fHbp resulted in an increased resistance of the Case isolate to complement-mediated killing in serum. Complementation of fHbp expression in the Carrier increased its serum resistance by approximately 8-fold. Moreover, a higher serum bactericidal antibody titre was seen for the Case isolate when using sera from mice immunized with Bexsero (GlaxoSmithKline), a vaccine containing fHbp as an antigenic component. This study highlights the role of fHbp in the differential complement resistance of the Case and the Carrier isolates. Expression of fHbp in the Case resulted in its increased survival in serum, possibly leading to active proliferation of the bacteria in blood and death of the student through IMD. Moreover, enhanced killing of the Case isolate by sera raised against an fHbp-containing vaccine, Bexsero, underlines the role and importance of fHbp in infection and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Facchetti
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- Division of Analytical Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Caroline Vipond
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Gail Whiting
- Division of Analytical Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Hayley Lavender
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ian M Feavers
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Sunil Maharjan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
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Wheeler JX, Thelwell C, Rigsby P, Whiting G. Quantitation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in human plasma by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2021; 638:114413. [PMID: 34644544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) in human plasma is dependent on reproducible assays. To date, standards for measuring TAFI are frequently calibrated relative to pooled normal human plasma and arbitrarily assigned a potency of 100% TAFI, despite variation in TAFI concentrations between plasma pools. Alternatively, TAFI calibrators can be assigned a value in SI units but the approach used for value assignment is not consistent and furthermore, if purified TAFI is used to determine TAFI concentration in plasma, may be adversely affected by matrix effects. A TAFI plasma standard in mass units with traceability to the SI unit of mass is desirable. We report here the establishment of a quantitative mass spectrometry method for TAFI in plasma. Traceability is obtained by reference to calibrators that consist of blank plasma spiked with a defined amount of purified TAFI, value assigned by amino acid analysis. The calibrators are run alongside the samples, using the same preparation steps and conditions; an acetonitrile assisted tryptic digestion and multi-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC) separation followed by SRM-MS analysis. We measured the TAFI quantitatively in human plasma with reproducibility, reliability and precision, and demonstrated the applicability of this approach for value assigning a common reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Craig Thelwell
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Gail Whiting
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK.
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Gurjar SA, Wheeler JX, Wadhwa M, Thorpe R, Kimber I, Derrick JP, Dearman RJ, Metcalfe C. The impact of thioredoxin reduction of allosteric disulfide bonds on the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19616-19634. [PMID: 31727737 PMCID: PMC6926469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic mAbs are used to manage a wide range of cancers and autoimmune disorders. However, mAb-based treatments are not always successful, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the factors influencing mAb efficacy. Increased levels of oxidative stress associated with several diseases are counteracted by the activities of various oxidoreductase enzymes, such as thioredoxin (Trx), which also reduces allosteric disulfide bonds in proteins, including mAbs. Here, using an array of in vitro assays, we explored the functional effects of Trx-mediated reduction on the mechanisms of action of six therapeutic mAbs. We found that Trx reduces the interchain disulfide bonds of the mAbs, after which they remain intact but have altered function. In general, this reduction increased antigen-binding capacity, resulting in, for example, enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization by two anti-TNF mAbs. Conversely, Trx reduction decreased the antiproliferative activity of an anti-tyrosine kinase-type cell-surface receptor HER2 mAb. In all of the mAbs, Fc receptor binding was abrogated by Trx activity, with significant loss in both complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of the mAbs tested. We also confirmed that without alkylation, Trx-reduced interchain disulfide bonds reoxidize, and ADCC activity is restored. In summary, Trx-mediated reduction has a substantial impact on the functional effects of an mAb, including variable effects on antigen binding and Fc function, with the potential to significantly impact mAb efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom A Gurjar
- Division of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- Division of Technology Development and Infrastructure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- Division of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Thorpe
- Division of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kimber
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Metcalfe
- Division of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
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Awanye AM, Chang CM, Wheeler JX, Chan H, Marsay L, Dold C, Rollier CS, Bird LE, Nettleship JE, Owens RJ, Pollard AJ, Derrick JP. Immunogenicity profiling of protein antigens from capsular group B Neisseria meningitidis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6843. [PMID: 31048732 PMCID: PMC6497663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicle (OMV)- based vaccines have been used to provide strain-specific protection against capsular group B Neisseria meningitidis infections, but the full breadth of the immune response against the components of the OMV has not been established. Sera from adults vaccinated with an OMV vaccine were used to screen 91 outer membrane proteins (OMPs) incorporated in an antigen microarray panel. Antigen-specific IgG levels were quantified pre-vaccination, and after 12 and 18 weeks. These results were compared with IgG levels from mice vaccinated with the same OMV vaccine. The repertoires of highly responding antigens in humans and mice overlapped, but were not identical. The highest responding antigens to human IgG comprised four integral OMPs (PorA, PorB, OpcA and PilQ), a protein which promotes the stability of PorA and PorB (RmpM) and two lipoproteins (BamC and GNA1162). These observations will assist in evaluating the role of minor antigen components within OMVs in providing protection against meningococcal infection. In addition, the relative dominance of responses to integral OMPs in humans emphasizes the importance of this subclass and points to the value of maintaining conformational epitopes from integral membrane proteins in vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaka M Awanye
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chun-Mien Chang
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Hannah Chan
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Leanne Marsay
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Louise E Bird
- Oxford Protein Production Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Joanne E Nettleship
- Oxford Protein Production Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Oxford Protein Production Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Hellen N, Pinto Ricardo C, Vauchez K, Whiting G, Wheeler JX, Harding SE. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Temporal Changes in Protein Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes In Vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:565-578. [PMID: 30755138 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and in vitro screening. Despite displaying key cardiomyocyte phenotypic characteristics, they more closely resemble fetal/neonatal cardiomyocytes, and further characterization is necessary. By combining the use of tandem mass tags to label cell lysates, followed by multiplexing, we have determined the effects of short-term (30 day) in vitro culture on hiPSC-CM protein expression. We found that hiPSC-CM exhibit temporal changes in global protein expression; alterations in protein expression were pronounced during the first 2 weeks following thaw and dominated by reductions in proteins associated with protein synthesis and ubiquitination. Between 2 and 4 weeks, proceeding thaw alterations in protein expression were dominated by metabolic pathways, indicating a potential temporal metabolic shift from glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylation. Time-dependent changes in proteins associated with cardiomyocyte contraction, excitation-contraction coupling, and metabolism were detected. While some were associated with expected functional outcomes in terms of morphology or electrophysiology, others such as metabolism did not produce the anticipated maturation of hiPSC-CM. In several cases, a predicted outcome was not clear because of the concerted changes in both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways. Nevertheless, clear development of hiPSC-CM over this time period was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hellen
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Pinto Ricardo
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Vauchez
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Whiting
- 2 National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- 2 National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E Harding
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Whiting G, Ferguson J, Fang M, Pepin D, Donahoe P, Matejtschuk P, Burns C, Wheeler JX. Quantification of Müllerian Inhibiting Substance/Anti-Müllerian Hormone polypeptide by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2018; 560:50-55. [PMID: 29742446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of serum concentrations of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) by immunoassay is gaining clinical acceptance and widespread use for the diagnosis of ovarian conditions and for prediction of the response to ovarian stimulation protocols as part of assisted reproductive therapies. Provision of an International Standard to harmonize immunoassay methods is required. It is desirable for the content of a future International Standard to be assigned in mass units for consistency with the units reported by current methods. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), a physicochemical method with traceability to the SI (Système International d'Unités) unit of mass, is a candidate approach to provide orthogonal data to support this mass assignment. Here, we report on the development of an IDMS method for quantitation of AMH using three peptides from different regions of the AMH monomer as surrogates for the measurement of AMH. We show the sensitivity and linearity of the standard peptides and demonstrate the reproducibility and consistency of the measurement amongst the three peptides for determining the AMH content in buffered preparations and in trial preparations of recombinant AMH, lyophilised in the presence of an excess of bovine casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Whiting
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Jackie Ferguson
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Min Fang
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - David Pepin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 6206, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Patricia Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 6206, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Chris Burns
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
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Whiting G, Metcalfe C, Bristow AF, Wheeler JX. Evaluation of Tryptic Peptides from Neisseria meningitidis Outer Membrane Proteins PorA and PorB Digestion, Peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4172/2470-1289.1000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maharjan S, Saleem M, Feavers IM, Wheeler JX, Care R, Derrick JP. Dissection of the function of the RmpM periplasmic protein from Neisseria meningitidis. Microbiology (Reading) 2016; 162:364-375. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Maharjan
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QGUK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Ian M. Feavers
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QGUK
| | - Jun X. Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QGUK
| | - Rory Care
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QGUK
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PTUK
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Connaughton SM, Wheeler JX, Vitková E, Minor P, Schepelmann S. In vitro and in vivo growth alter the population dynamic and properties of a Jeryl Lynn mumps vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:4586-93. [PMID: 26187256 PMCID: PMC4550476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mumps vaccines are live attenuated viruses. They are known to vary in effectiveness, degree of attenuation and adverse event profile. However, the underlying reasons are poorly understood. We studied two closely related mumps vaccines which originate from the same attenuated Jeryl Lynn-5 strain but have different efficacies. Jeryl Lynn-Canine Kidney (JL-CK), produced on primary canine kidney cells, is less effective than RIT4385, which is produced on chicken embryo fibroblasts. JL-CK and RIT4385 could be distinguished by a number of in vitro and in vivo properties. JL-CK produced heterogeneous, generally smaller plaques than RIT4385, but gave 100-fold higher titres when grown in cells and showed a higher degree of hydrocephalus formation in neonatal rat brains. Sanger sequencing of JL-CK identified 14 regions of heterogeneity throughout the genome. Plaque purification of JL-CK demonstrated the presence of five different Jeryl Lynn-5 variants encompassing the 14 mutations. One JL-CK mutation was associated with a small plaque phenotype, the effects of the others in vitro or in vivo were less clear. Only 4% of the JL-CK population corresponded to the parental Jeryl Lynn-5 strain. Next generation sequencing of JL-CK and virus before and after growth in cell lines or neonatal rat brains showed that propagation in vitro or in vivo altered the population dramatically. Our findings indicate that growth of JL-CK in primary canine kidney cells resulted in the selection of a mixture of mumps virus variants that have different biological properties compared to the parent Jeryl Lynn-5 virus. We also report three previously unknown heterogenic regions within the N gene of the RIT4385 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Connaughton
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- Laboratory for Molecular Structure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Eva Vitková
- State Institute for Drug Control, Srobarova 48, 10041 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Minor
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Silke Schepelmann
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
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Vipond C, Wheeler JX, Jones C, Feavers IM, Suker J. Characterisation of the Protein Content of a Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry. Human Vaccines 2014; 1:80-4. [PMID: 17038831 DOI: 10.4161/hv.1.2.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development and evaluation of outer membrane vesicles as vaccines against meningococcal disease has been carried out for more than two decades. Although such vaccines have limitations and are not widely licensed, they continue to be used to disrupt clonal outbreaks caused by group B meningococci and a wealth of information is now available from large-scale clinical studies. One dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and semi-quantitative measurement of the major proteins is one method used to evaluate and control these products. However, it is often difficult to determine exactly which bands on a one dimensional gel correspond to the key antigens whose presence must be demonstrated for control and lot release. We have therefore carried out mass spectrometric analyses of outer membrane vesicle vaccine samples to definitively identify the bands containing seven key antigens: Omp85, FetA, PorA, PorB, RmpM, OpcA and NspA. An additional 33 proteins present in the vaccine were also identified and this information will be useful both for future quality control and for the interpretation of data from vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vipond
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK
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Hellen N, Wheeler JX, Pinto Ricardo C, Foldes G, Kodagoda T, Whiting G, Mioulane M, Terracciano C, Vauchez K, Harding SE. P343Effect of T3 on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu091.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
The UK anthrax vaccine is an alum precipitate of a sterile filtrate of Bacillus anthracis Sterne culture (AVP). An increase in shelf life of AVP from 3 to 5 years prompted us to investigate the in vivo potency and the antigen content of 12 batches with a shelf life of 6.4 to 9.9 years and one bulk with a shelf life of 23.8 years. All batches, except for a 9.4-year-old batch, passed the potency test. Mass spectrometry (MS) and in-gel difference 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (DIGE) were used to examine antigens of the pellet and supernatant of AVP. The pellet contained proteins with a MW in excess of 15 kDa. DIGE of desorbed proteins from the pellet revealed that with aging, 19 spots showed a significant change in size or intensity, a sign of protein degradation. MS identified 21 proteins including protective antigen (PA), enolase, lethal factor (LF), nucleoside diphosphate kinase, edema factor, and S-layer proteins. Fifteen proteins were detected for the first time including metabolic enzymes, iron binding proteins, and manganese dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). The supernatant contained131 peptide sequences. Peptides representing septum formation inhibitor protein and repeat domain protein were most abundant. Five proteins were shared with the pellet: 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase, enolase, LF, MnSOD, and PA. The number of peptide sequences increased with age. Peptides from PA and LF appeared once batches exceeded their shelf life by 2 and 4 years, respectively. In conclusion, changes in antigen content resulting from decay or desorption only had a limited effect on in vivo potency of AVP. The presence of PA and LF peptides in the supernatant can inform on the age and stability of AVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Whiting
- Division of Bacteriology; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control; Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control; Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sjoerd Rijpkema
- Division of Bacteriology; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control; Hertfordshire, UK
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Tsolakos N, Brookes C, Taylor S, Gorringe A, Tang CM, Feavers IM, Wheeler JX. Identification of vaccine antigens using integrated proteomic analyses of surface immunogens from serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. J Proteomics 2014; 101:63-76. [PMID: 24561796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Meningococcal surface proteins capable of evoking a protective immune response are candidates for inclusion in protein-based vaccines against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (NmB). In this study, a 2-dimensional (2-D) gel-based platform integrating surface and immune-proteomics was developed to characterize NmB surface protein antigens. The surface proteome was analyzed by differential 2-D gel electrophoresis following treatment of live bacteria with proteinase K. Alongside, proteins recognized by immune sera from mice challenged with live meningococci were detected using 2-D immunoblots. In combination, seventeen proteins were identified including the well documented antigens PorA, OpcA and factor H-binding protein, previously reported potential antigens and novel potential immunogens. Results were validated for the macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP), a recently proposed NmB vaccine candidate. MIP-specific antisera bound to meningococci in whole-cell ELISA and facilitated opsonophagocytosis and deposition of complement factors on the surface of meningococcal isolates of different serosubtypes. Cleavage by proteinase K was confirmed in western blots and shown to occur in a fraction of the MIP expressed by meningococci suggesting transient or limited surface exposure. These observations add knowledge for the development of a protein NmB vaccine. The proteomic workflow presented here may be used for the discovery of vaccine candidates against other pathogens. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study presents an integrated proteomic strategy to identify proteins from N. meningitidis with desirable properties (i.e. surface exposure and immunogenicity) for inclusion in subunit vaccines against bacterial meningitis. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated by the identification of some of the major meningococcal vaccine antigens. Information was also obtained about novel potential immunogens as well as the recently described potential antigen macrophage infectivity potentiator which can be useful for its consideration as a vaccine candidate. Additionally, the proteomic strategy presented in this study provides a generic 2-D gel-based platform for the discovery of vaccine candidates against other bacterial infections.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Endopeptidase K/pharmacology
- Female
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/immunology
- Meningococcal Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Meningococcal Vaccines/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/chemistry
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/immunology
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/metabolism
- Proteomics/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Tsolakos
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom; Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Brookes
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph M Tang
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Feavers
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
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Chen R, Vendrell I, Chen CPC, Cash D, O'Toole KG, Williams SA, Jones C, Preston JE, Wheeler JX. Proteomic analysis of rat plasma following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Biomark Med 2012; 5:837-46. [PMID: 22103620 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify plasma protein changes in a rat model of ischemic stroke using a proteomic approach. MATERIALS & METHODS Four male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-6 months old) were subjected to 90 min of left middle cerebral artery occlusion under anesthesia with 1.5% isoflurane in O(2)/air followed by 24-h reperfusion. Blood samples (~100 µl) were collected at baseline, at the end of 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and at 24-h postreperfusion. Brain injuries were assessed by MRI at 24-h postreperfusion. Quantitative comparison of global plasma protein expression was performed using 2D differential in-gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed protein spots were identified using peptide sequencing tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS These rats had clear brain infarction in the left hemisphere detected by MRI. Thirty-three protein spots of plasma samples were differentially expressed following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. These protein spots belonged to eight proteins. Six of them (α2-macroglobulin, complement C3, inter-α- trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, serum albumin, haptoglobin and transthyretin), which are a class of acute-phase proteins, changed significantly. CONCLUSION This study describes the responses of young rats to focal cerebral ischemia and suggests that future studies should use aged animals to better mimic the clinical ischemic stroke setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoli Chen
- National Institute for Biological Standards & Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Buckle AM, Bate MA, Androulakis S, Cinquanta M, Basquin J, Bonneau F, Chatterjee DK, Cittaro D, Gräslund S, Gruszka A, Page R, Suppmann S, Wheeler JX, Agostini D, Taussig M, Taylor CF, Bottomley SP, Villaverde A, de Marco A. Recombinant protein quality evaluation: proposal for a minimal information standard. Stand Genomic Sci 2011; 5:195-7. [PMID: 22180821 PMCID: PMC3235516 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.1834511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Buckle
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- Corresponding authors: Ario de Marco, University of Nova Gorica (UNG), Rožna Dolina (Nova Gorica), Slovenia. Tel. 0039.3493542056;
| | - Mark A. Bate
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Steve Androulakis
- Monash eResearch Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jerome Basquin
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell Biology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fabien Bonneau
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Structural Cell Biology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Deb K. Chatterjee
- Protein Expression Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD USA
| | | | - Susanne Gräslund
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rebecca Page
- Brown University, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sabine Suppmann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Microchemistry Core Facility, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jun X. Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Mike Taussig
- Protein Technologies Group, Babraham Bioscience Technologies, Cambridge UK
| | - Chris F. Taylor
- The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Stephen P. Bottomley
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ario de Marco
- Department Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Corresponding authors: Ario de Marco, University of Nova Gorica (UNG), Rožna Dolina (Nova Gorica), Slovenia. Tel. 0039.3493542056;
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Tsolakos N, Lie K, Bolstad K, Maslen S, Kristiansen PA, Høiby EA, Wallington A, Vipond C, Skehel M, Tang CM, Feavers IM, Wedege E, Wheeler JX. Characterization of meningococcal serogroup B outer membrane vesicle vaccines from strain 44/76 after growth in different media. Vaccine 2010; 28:3211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Harvey R, Wheeler JX, Wallis CL, Robertson JS, Engelhardt OG. Quantitation of haemagglutinin in H5N1 influenza viruses reveals low haemagglutinin content of vaccine virus NIBRG-14 (H5N1). Vaccine 2008; 26:6550-4. [PMID: 18840494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Harvey
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
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20
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Silva MMCG, Lamarre B, Cerasoli E, Rakowska P, Hills A, Bailey MJA, Wheeler JX, Burns CJ, Gaines-Das RE, Jones C, Robinson CJ. Physicochemical and biological assays for quality control of biopharmaceuticals: interferon alpha-2 case study. Biologicals 2008; 36:383-92. [PMID: 18691904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A selection of physicochemical and biological assays were investigated for their utility in detecting changes in preparations of Interferon alpha-2a and Interferon alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2a, IFN-alpha 2b), which had been subjected to stressed conditions, in order to create models of biopharmaceutical products containing product-related impurities. The stress treatments, which included oxidation of methionine residues and storage at elevated temperatures for different periods of time, were designed to induce various degrees of degradation, aggregation or oxidation of the interferon. Biological activity of the stressed preparations was assessed in three different in vitro cell-based bioassay systems: a late-stage anti-proliferative assay and early-stage assays measuring reporter gene activation or endogenous gene expression by quantitative real time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Relevant physicochemical methods such as SDS-PAGE, reverse phase (RP) chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), proved their complementarity in detecting structural changes in the stressed preparations which were reflected by reductions in biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M C G Silva
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
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Wheeler JX, Whiting G, Rijpkema S. Proteomic analysis of the response of the human neutrophil-like cell line NB-4 after exposure to anthrax lethal toxin. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:1266-79. [PMID: 21136624 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We used 2-D DIGE to analyze the early response of NB-4 cells, a human promyelotic leukemia cell line, exposed to lethal toxin from Bacillus anthracis at the proteome level. After a 2 h exposure, cells were still viable and 43% of spots (n = 1042) showed a significant change in protein level. We identified 59 spots whose expression had changed significantly, and these reflected cytoskeleton damage, mitochondrial lysis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Actin filament assembly was disrupted as evidenced by an increase in both actin subunits and phosphorylated cofilin, whilst levels of tropomyosin, tropomodulin and actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit decreased. Lower levels of ATP synthase subunits and mitochondrial inner membrane protein were identified as markers of mitochondrial lysis. Levels of various stress response proteins rose and, uniquely, levels of Ca(2+) binding proteins such as translationally controlled tumor protein rose and hippocalcin-like protein 1 decreased. This response may have mitigated effects brought about by mitochondrial lysis and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and delayed or prevented apoptosis in NB-4 cells. These results resemble findings of similar proteomics studies in murine macrophages, although quantitative differences were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun X Wheeler
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK
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Wheeler JX, Vipond C, Feavers IM. Exploring the proteome of meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:1198-210. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Finney M, Vaughan T, Taylor S, Hudson MJ, Pratt C, Wheeler JX, Vipond C, Feavers I, Jones C, Findlow J, Borrow R, Gorringe A. Characterization of the key antigenic components and pre-clinical immune responses to a meningococcal disease vaccine based on Neisseria lactamica outer membrane vesicles. Hum Vaccin 2007; 4:23-30. [PMID: 17921703 DOI: 10.4161/hv.4.1.4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serogroup B strains are now responsible for over 80% of meningococcal disease in the UK and no suitable vaccine is available that confers universal protection against all serogroup B strains. Neisseria lactamica shares many antigens with the meningococcus, except capsule and the surface protein PorA. Many of these antigens are thought to be responsible for providing cross-protective immunity to meningococcal disease. We have developed an N. lactamica vaccine using methods developed for meningococcal outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines. The major antigenic components were identified by excision of 11 major protein bands from an SDS-PAGE gel, followed by mass spectrometric identification. These bands contained at least 22 proteins identified from an unassembled N. lactamica genome, 15 of which having orthologues in published pathogenic Neisseria genomes. Western blotting revealed that most of these bands were immunogenic, and antibodies to these proteins generally cross-reacted with N. meningitidis proteins. Sera from mice and rabbits immunized with either N. lactamica or N. meningitidis OMVs produced comparable cross-reactive ELISA titres against OMVs prepared from a panel of diverse meningococcal strains. Mice immunized with either N. meningitidis or N. lactamica OMVs showed no detectable serum bactericidal activity against the panel of target strains except N. meningitidis OMV sera against the homologous strain. Similarly, rabbit antisera to N. lactamica OMVs elicited little or no bactericidal antibodies against the panel of serogroup B meningococcal strains. However, such antisera did mediate opsonophagocytosis, suggestingthat this may did mediate opsonophagocytosis, suggesting that this may be a mechanism by which this vaccine protects in a mouse model of meningococcal bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Finney
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
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Wheeler JX, Jones C, Thorpe R, Zhao Y. Proteomics analysis of cellular components in lentiviral vector production using Gel-LC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:224-30. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200600522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vipond C, Suker J, Jones C, Tang C, Feavers IM, Wheeler JX. Proteomic analysis of a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine prepared from the group B strain NZ98/254. Proteomics 2006; 6:3400-13. [PMID: 16645985 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of a suitable carbohydrate-based vaccine, outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines have been used to disrupt outbreaks of serogroup B meningococcal disease for more than 20 years. Proteomic technology provides physical methods with the potential to assess the composition and consistency of these complex vaccines. 2-DE, combined with MS, were used to generate a proteome map of an OMV vaccine, developed to disrupt a long-running outbreak of group B disease in New Zealand. Seventy four spots from the protein map were identified including the outer membrane protein (OMP) antigens: PorA, PorB, RmpM and OpcA. Protein identification indicates that, in addition to OMPs, OMV vaccines contain periplasmic, membrane-associated and cytoplasmic proteins. 2-D-DIGE technology highlighted differences between preclinical development batches of vaccines from two different manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vipond
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Vipond C, Suker J, Jones C, Tang C, Feavers IM, Wheeler JX. Proteomic analysis of a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine prepared from the group B strain NZ98/254. Proteomics 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200690086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Westbrook JA, Wheeler JX, Wait R, Welson SY, Dunn MJ. The human heart proteome: Two-dimensional maps using narrow-range immobilised pH gradients. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1547-55. [PMID: 16609934 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of complex proteomes is undertaken using a variety of techniques and technologies such as 2-DE, surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation, and various types of MS. In order to overcome the complexities of protein expression in discrete proteomes, sample fractionation has become an important aspect of proteomic experiments. The use of narrow-range IPGs (nrIPGs) is of special importance using the 2-DE proteomics workflow, since an enhanced visualisation of a given proteome is achieved through an improved physical separation and resolution of proteins. The work described in this paper presents a series of protein maps of the human heart left ventricle proteome that have been generated using nrIPGs for the first, IEF, dimension of 2-DE. A total of 374 gel spots were excised from seven different pH gradients, covering the range pH 3-10, giving rise to a total of 388 identifications from 110 unique proteins. Using Gene Ontologies (GOs), the identified proteins were found to be associated with 97 types of GO Process, 144 types of GO Function, and 54 types of GO Component. It is hoped that the maps presented in this paper will be of use to other researchers for reference purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules A Westbrook
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
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Wheeler JX, Wait R, Stone T, Wootton L, Lewis S, Fowler S, Cummins WJ. Mass spectrometric analysis of maleimide CyDye labelled model peptides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2003; 17:2563-2566. [PMID: 14608629 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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