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Marro SG, Chanda S, Yang N, Janas JA, Valperga G, Trotter J, Zhou B, Merrill S, Yousif I, Shelby H, Vogel H, Kalani MYS, Südhof TC, Wernig M. Neuroligin-4 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons. Neuron 2019; 103:617-626.e6. [PMID: 31257103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The autism-associated synaptic-adhesion gene Neuroligin-4 (NLGN4) is poorly conserved evolutionarily, limiting conclusions from Nlgn4 mouse models for human cells. Here, we show that the cellular and subcellular expression of human and murine Neuroligin-4 differ, with human Neuroligin-4 primarily expressed in cerebral cortex and localized to excitatory synapses. Overexpression of NLGN4 in human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons resulted in an increase in excitatory synapse numbers but a remarkable decrease in synaptic strength. Human neurons carrying the syndromic autism mutation NLGN4-R704C also formed more excitatory synapses but with increased functional synaptic transmission due to a postsynaptic mechanism, while genetic loss of NLGN4 did not significantly affect synapses in the human neurons analyzed. Thus, the NLGN4-R704C mutation represents a change-of-function mutation. Our work reveals contrasting roles of NLGN4 in human and mouse neurons, suggesting that human evolution has impacted even fundamental cell biological processes generally assumed to be highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele G Marro
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Soham Chanda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justyna A Janas
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Giulio Valperga
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin Trotter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean Merrill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Issa Yousif
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah Shelby
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Yashar S Kalani
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Marius Wernig
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Trotter J, Kirkpatrick J, McSherry F, Rodrigues A, Dworkin M, Zomorodi A, Gonzalez L, Herndon J, Hauck E. Long-term Outcomes and Imaging Response for Image-Guided Stereotactic Radiosurgery (IG-SRS) of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Trotter J, Onos L, McNaught C, Peter M, Gatt M, Maude K, MacFie J. The use of a novel adhesive tissue patch as an aid to anastomotic healing. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:230-234. [PMID: 29484939 PMCID: PMC5930107 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the most feared complications of colorectal surgery is anastomotic leak. Numerous techniques have been studied in the hope of decreasing leakage. This study was designed to assess the handling characteristics of a novel adhesive tissue patch (TissuePatch™; Tissuemed, Leeds, UK) applied to colorectal anastomoses in a pilot study. This was with a view to assessing its potential role in aiding anastomotic healing in subsequent trials. Methods A patch was applied to colorectal anastomoses after the surgeon had completed the anastomosis and prior to abdominal closure. Handling characteristics and patient outcomes were recorded prospectively. Results Nine patients were recruited before the study was prematurely terminated. In one patient, the patch fell off and in another patient, the surgeon omitted to apply it. Six patients had significant postoperative problems (1 confirmed leak necessitating return to theatre and excision anastomosis, 3 suspicious of leak on computed tomography delaying discharge, 2 perianastomotic collections). One patient had an uneventful recovery. Conclusions Although the handling characteristics of this novel tissue patch were deemed satisfactory, it appears that wrapping a colorectal anastomosis with an adhesive hydrophilic patch has significant deleterious effects on anastomotic healing. This could be a consequence of the creation of a microenvironment between the patch and the anastomosis that impairs healing. Further research is required to better understand the mechanisms involved. At present, the use of such patches on colorectal anastomoses should be discouraged outside the confines of a well monitored trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trotter
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - L Onos
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C McNaught
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Peter
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Gatt
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - K Maude
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J MacFie
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Levitsky J, Formica RN, Bloom RD, Charlton M, Curry M, Friedewald J, Friedman J, Goldberg D, Hall S, Ison M, Kaiser T, Klassen D, Klintmalm G, Kobashigawa J, Liapakis A, O'Conner K, Reese P, Stewart D, Terrault N, Theodoropoulos N, Trotter J, Verna E, Volk M. The American Society of Transplantation Consensus Conference on the Use of Hepatitis C Viremic Donors in Solid Organ Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2790-2802. [PMID: 28556422 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The availability of direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has resulted in a profound shift in the approach to the management of this infection. These changes have affected the practice of solid organ transplantation by altering the framework by which patients with end-stage organ disease are managed and receive organ transplants. The high level of safety and efficacy of these medications in patients with chronic HCV infection provides the opportunity to explore their use in the setting of transplanting organs from HCV-viremic patients into non-HCV-viremic recipients. Because these organs are frequently discarded and typically come from younger donors, this approach has the potential to save lives on the solid organ transplant waitlist. Therefore, an urgent need exists for prospective research protocols that study the risk versus benefit of using organs for hepatitis C-infected donors. In response to this rapidly changing practice and the need for scientific study and consensus, the American Society of Transplantation convened a meeting of experts to review current data and develop the framework for the study of using HCV viremic organs in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R D Bloom
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Charlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - M Curry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - J Friedman
- Optum Population Health Solutions, Minneapolis, MN
| | - D Goldberg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Hall
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - M Ison
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - T Kaiser
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - D Klassen
- United Network of Organ Sharing, Richmond, VA
| | - G Klintmalm
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | - P Reese
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D Stewart
- United Network of Organ Sharing, Richmond, VA
| | - N Terrault
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - J Trotter
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - E Verna
- Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - M Volk
- Loma Linda University, San Diego, CA
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Yu L, Sa S, Mathur A, Trotter J, Bornheimer S. High speed, high purity cell isolation by combining sample pre-enrichment with FACS. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fernandez H, Testa G, Kim P, Onaca N, Ruiz R, McKenna G, Goldstein R, Levy M, Klintmalm G, Trotter J. Variables Affecting Long Term Survival after Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Holcomb M, Venn AA, Tambutté E, Tambutté S, Allemand D, Trotter J, McCulloch M. Coral calcifying fluid pH dictates response to ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5207. [PMID: 24903088 PMCID: PMC4047535 DOI: 10.1038/srep05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification driven by rising levels of CO2 impairs calcification, threatening coral reef growth. Predicting how corals respond to CO2 requires a better understanding of how calcification is controlled. Here we show how spatial variations in the pH of the internal calcifying fluid (pHcf) in coral (Stylophora pistillata) colonies correlates with differential sensitivity of calcification to acidification. Coral apexes had the highest pHcf and experienced the smallest changes in pHcf in response to acidification. Lateral growth was associated with lower pHcf and greater changes with acidification. Calcification showed a pattern similar to pHcf, with lateral growth being more strongly affected by acidification than apical. Regulation of pHcf is therefore spatially variable within a coral and critical to determining the sensitivity of calcification to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Holcomb
- 1] The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia [2] ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia [3] Centre Scientifique de Monaco and Laboratoire Européen Associé 647 "Biosensib, " Centre Scientifique de Monaco-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - A A Venn
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco and Laboratoire Européen Associé 647 "Biosensib, " Centre Scientifique de Monaco-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - E Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco and Laboratoire Européen Associé 647 "Biosensib, " Centre Scientifique de Monaco-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - S Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco and Laboratoire Européen Associé 647 "Biosensib, " Centre Scientifique de Monaco-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - D Allemand
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco and Laboratoire Européen Associé 647 "Biosensib, " Centre Scientifique de Monaco-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - J Trotter
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - M McCulloch
- 1] The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia [2] ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
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Paterno F, Shiller M, Tillery G, O’Leary JG, Susskind B, Trotter J, Klintmalm GB. Bortezomib for acute antibody-mediated rejection in liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2526-31. [PMID: 22681986 PMCID: PMC4410023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is an uncommon, but challenging type of rejection after solid organ transplantation. We review three cases of AMR in ABO-compatible liver transplant recipients. These cases were characterized by severe acute rejection resistant to steroids and antithymocyte globulin, histologic evidence of plasma cell infiltrates, C4d positivity and high serum anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies. All three patients were treated with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor effective in depleting plasma cells. After treatment, all patients had improved or normal liver function tests, resolution of C4d deposition and significant decline in their HLA donor-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Paterno
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX
| | - M. Shiller
- Department of Pathology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX
| | - G. Tillery
- Department of Pathology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX
| | - J. G. O’Leary
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX
| | - B. Susskind
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX
| | - J. Trotter
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX
| | - G. B. Klintmalm
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX,Corresponding author: Goran B. Klintmalm,
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Rogers JT, Rusiana I, Trotter J, Zhao L, Donaldson E, Pak DTS, Babus LW, Peters M, Banko JL, Chavis P, Rebeck GW, Hoe HS, Weeber EJ. Reelin supplementation enhances cognitive ability, synaptic plasticity, and dendritic spine density. Learn Mem 2011; 18:558-64. [PMID: 21852430 DOI: 10.1101/lm.2153511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein receptors belong to an evolutionarily conserved surface receptor family that has intimate roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and is necessary for proper hippocampal-dependent memory formation. The known lipoprotein receptor ligand Reelin is important for normal synaptic plasticity, dendritic morphology, and cognitive function; however, the in vivo effect of enhanced Reelin signaling on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in wild-type mice is unknown. The present studies test the hypothesis that in vivo enhancement of Reelin signaling can alter synaptic plasticity and ultimately influence processes of learning and memory. Purified recombinant Reelin was injected bilaterally into the ventricles of wild-type mice. We demonstrate that a single in vivo injection of Reelin increased activation of adaptor protein Disabled-1 and cAMP-response element binding protein after 15 min. These changes correlated with increased dendritic spine density, increased hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP), and enhanced performance in associative and spatial learning and memory. The present study suggests that an acute elevation of in vivo Reelin can have long-term effects on synaptic function and cognitive ability in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Rogers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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Jinwal U, Abisambra J, Koren J, O'Leary J, Blair L, Hill S, Trotter J, Mushcol M, Weeber E, Gestwicki J, Dickey C. P3‐124: Exploiting the diversity of the chaperone repertoire to treat tauopathies. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Jinwal
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | | | - John Koren
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | - John O'Leary
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | - Laura Blair
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | - Shannon Hill
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | | | | | - Edwin Weeber
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | | | - Chad Dickey
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
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Kondo K, Durham J, Rase B, Johnson S, Trotter J, Woods A. Abstract No. 79: Incarceration of abdominal hernias following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Jones JR, Lebar MD, Jinwal UK, Abisambra JF, Koren J, Blair L, O'Leary JC, Davey Z, Trotter J, Johnson AG, Weeber E, Eckman CB, Baker BJ, Dickey CA. The diarylheptanoid (+)-aR,11S-myricanol and two flavones from bayberry (Myrica cerifera) destabilize the microtubule-associated protein tau. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:38-44. [PMID: 21141876 PMCID: PMC3070757 DOI: 10.1021/np100572z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Target-based drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease (AD) centered on modulation of the amyloid β peptide has met with limited success. Therefore, recent efforts have focused on targeting the microtubule-associated protein tau. Tau pathologically accumulates in more than 15 neurodegenerative diseases and is most closely linked with postsymptomatic progression in AD. We endeavored to identify compounds that decrease tau stability rather than prevent its aggregation. An extract from Myrica cerifera (bayberry/southern wax myrtle) potently reduced both endogenous and overexpressed tau protein levels in cells and murine brain slices. The bayberry flavonoids myricetin and myricitrin were confirmed to contribute to this potency, but a diarylheptanoid, myricanol, was the most effective anti-tau component in the extract, with potency approaching the best targeted lead therapies. (+)-aR,11S-Myricanol, isolated from M. cerifera and reported here for the first time as the naturally occurring aglycone, was significantly more potent than commercially available (±)-myricanol. Myricanol may represent a novel scaffold for drug development efforts targeting tau turnover in AD.
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Banko JL, Trotter J, Weeber EJ. Insights into synaptic function from mouse models of human cognitive disorders. Future Neurology 2011; 6:113-125. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modern approaches to the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying human cognitive disease often include multidisciplinary examination of animal models engineered with specific mutations that spatially and temporally restrict expression of a gene of interest. This approach not only makes possible the development of animal models that demonstrate phenotypic similarities to their respective human disorders, but has also allowed for significant progress towards understanding the processes that mediate synaptic function and memory formation in the nondiseased state. Examples of successful mouse models where genetic manipulation of the mouse resulted in recapitulation of the symptomatology of the human disorder and was used to significantly expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying normal synaptic plasticity and memory formation are discussed in this article. These studies have broadened our knowledge of several signal transduction cascades that function throughout life to mediate synaptic physiology. Defining these events is key for developing therapies to address disorders of cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Banko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Justin Trotter
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 East Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Rogers JT, Rusiana IA, Zhao L, Trotter J, Weeber EJ. P1‐003: Apolipoprotein receptor activation enhances cognitive function. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Zhao
- Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN USA
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15
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Campsen J, Zimmerman M, Trotter J, Wachs M, Bak T, Steinberg T, Kaplan M, Kam I. Liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis: results of aggressive corticosteroid withdrawal. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:1707-12. [PMID: 19545712 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A subset of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) may require long-term corticosteroid (CS) therapy following liver transplantation (OLT) due to concern over the possibility of recurrence. Our center has attempted to minimize CS use in all of our OLT recipients. In this study, we review our experience in this cohort to determine (1) patient outcome including PBC recurrence following transplantation and (2) the long-term requirement for CS use in PBC patients. METHODS From 1988 to 2006, 1102 OLTs were performed in 1032 adults at the University of Colorado, of which 70 patients (6.8%) with PBC received 74 allografts. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate predictors of CS withdrawal. Thirteen potential predictors of CS discontinuation were considered: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, type of graft (cadaveric or living donor [LD]), recurrence of PBC, warm ischemia time, and immunosuppressant. RESULTS Overall survival at 5 years was 85%. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence-free survivals were 90%, 72%, and 54%, respectively. PBC recurred in 18 patients (25.7%). Of these, none received a second transplant due to disease recurrence. At the time of last follow-up, 73% of recipients were steroid free. Independent predictors of CS discontinuation are age (>54; P = .0059) and LD graft type (P = .0008). Conversely, cyclosporine (P = .0007), female gender (P = .0216), and BMI > 31 (P = .0306) were negatively associated with CS withdraw. Importantly, steroid discontinuation did not influence PBC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS While long-term outcomes in PBC patients are favorable, disease recurrence can generally be managed medically without the need for a second transplant. Using an aggressive CS minimization approach, nearly three-quarters of the patients were CS free at the time of last follow-up. Increasing age and LD grafts were associated with successful CS withdraw. Conversely, cyclosporine use, female gender, and increasing BMI were associated with unsuccessful steroid discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Campsen
- Department of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Hanstein R, Trotter J, Behl C, Clement AB. Interaction of BDNF and Connexin43– two downstream targets of CRH-activated gene transcription. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dickey CA, Jinwal UK, Koren J, O'Leary J, Anderson L, Jones J, Shults C, Jin Y, Johnson A, Abisambra J, Morgan D, Lee DC, Chang L, Miyata Y, Thompson A, Zuiderweg E, Weeber E, Trotter J, Gestwicki J. P2‐198: Chemical manipulation of Hsp70 activity regulates tau processing. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Koren
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - John O'Leary
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | | | - Jeffrey Jones
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Cody Shults
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Ying Jin
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | | | | | - Dave Morgan
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Lyra Chang
- University of Michigan Life Sciences InstituteAnn ArborMIUSA
| | | | - Andrea Thompson
- University of Michigan Life Sciences InstituteAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Erik Zuiderweg
- University of Michigan Life Sciences InstituteAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Edwin Weeber
- University of South Florida Byrd InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | | | - Jason Gestwicki
- University of Michigan Life Sciences InstituteAnn ArborMIUSA
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Jamil KM, Van Hagan T, Trotter J, Cheng W, Kontorinis N. Acute liver failure in a patient with lung cancer. Case Reports 2009; 2009:bcr2006095547. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.2006.095547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Jamil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Perth Hospital, GPO Box S1400, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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Schlenker C, Trotter J. Recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation: a review of factors associated with graft injury. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2006; 52:175-86. [PMID: 16557188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in virtually all patients transplanted for HCV-related liver disease. Although the clinical and histological course of recurrent HCV is highly variable, recurrent disease is accelerated compared with HCV disease in the non transplant setting, leading to cirrhosis in 5-30% of patients within 5 years after transplantation. We outline factors associated with the severity of HCV recurrence (e.g. level of pretransplant viremia, living donor liver transplant, donor age, cytomegalo-virus infection, treatment of rejection), providing insight into mechanisms of liver injury and potential measures to prevent or minimize this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schlenker
- Division of Gastroenetrology/Hepatology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Trotter J, Pieramici E, Everson GT. Chronic albumin infusions to achieve diuresis in patients with ascites who are not candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1356-60. [PMID: 16047487 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
While transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a common therapy for cirrhotic patients with diuretic-resistant or diuretic-refractory ascites, some patients are unsuitable for the procedure for technical or medical reasons. We report our experience with the use of chronic intravenous albumin infusions to achieve diuresis in this difficult patient population and review the historic experience of chronic albumin infusions as a treatment for ascites. Nineteen patients with cirrhosis and diuretic-resistant or diuretic-refractory ascites who were deemed unsuitable for TIPS received outpatient intravenous albumin infusions (50 g) weekly for at least 4 weeks. The following endpoints were retrospectively recorded: serum sodium, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, bilirubin, albumin, international normalized ratio, body weight, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. The contraindications for TIPS included the following: portal vein thrombosis, two; advanced age, one; encephalopathy, nine; hyperbilirubinemia, five; and other, two. Compared to pretreatment, posttreatment weight decreased in 17 patients, remained unchanged in 0 patients, and increased in 2 patients. The overall mean change in body weight (before vs. after therapy) was 8 lb (P < 0.05). The only significant change in biochemistry was an increase in serum albumin from 2.5 g/dl before therapy to 3.5 g/dl after therapy (P < 0.05). We conclude that (1) recurrent intravenous weekly albumin infusions resulted in significant loss of edema and ascites as measured by loss of body weight, and (2) clinicians may want to consider chronic albumin infusions for selected patients with refractory ascites who are not candidates for TIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trotter
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
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Weber M, Johnson K, Osgood M, Trotter J, Hartmann N, Starzl T, Pacheco T. 419 HISTORICAL CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF SKIN CANCER DEVELOPMENT IN LONG TERM ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Deane K, Talamantes M, Trotter J. 263 EVALUATION AND SCORE ASSESSMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL HISTORY TO DETERMINE RECIDIVISM RISKS IN LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kozloff M, Wang R, Jagetia R, Miller DP, Colwell HH, Hill J, Sneeringer R, Trotter J, Belani CP. Description of amifostine administration among diverse sites participating in an observational registry. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kozloff
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. Wang
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. Jagetia
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D. P. Miller
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - H. H. Colwell
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J. Hill
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. Sneeringer
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J. Trotter
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C. P. Belani
- Monroe Medical Associates, Harvey, IL; Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA; St. Lukes Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, IL; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Von Blankenfeld G, Trotter J, Kettenmann H. Expression and Developmental Regulation of a GABAA Receptor in Cultured Murine Cells of the Oligodendrocyte Lineage. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 3:310-316. [PMID: 12106188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA activated Cl- currents in oligodendrocytes and their precursor cells. Most of the pharmacological features of these GABA-evoked currents matched those described for the neuronal GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, such as the blockade by picrotoxin and bicuculline and the enhancement by barbiturates and benzodiazepines. In contrast to the astrocytic GABA receptor, but similar to the neuronal GABAA receptor, the inverse benzodiazepine agonist DMCM decreased GABA-induced current responses. A further similarity to the neuronal receptor is the strong run-down of the current in the absence of ATP in the pipette. A difference between oligodendroglial receptors and receptors expressed on neurons and astrocytes was revealed by the dose - response curve, which indicated only one binding site for GABA or weak allosterical interactions between two putative binding sites. Thus, GABAA receptors of precursor cells and oligodendrocytes might represent a third class of GABAA receptors, in addition to those expressed by neurons and astrocytes. The density of these receptors in the membrane, as calculated on the basis of whole cell currents and membrane capacitance, decreased by a factor of 100 when cells matured along the oligodendrocyte lineage, indicating a developmental regulation of the expression of the GABA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Von Blankenfeld
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG
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Roberts PJ, Penfold BR, Trotter J. Crystal structure of tetrafluorocyclobutenebis(dimethylarsine)triiron decacarbonyl, (CH3)2AsC2(As(CH3)2)C2F4.Fe3(Co)10. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50091a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ball RG, Domazetis G, Dolphin D, James BR, Trotter J. Studies of ruthenium(II) porphyrins containing tertiary diphosphine ligands, including the crystal structure of (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato)bis(bis(diphenylphosphino)methane)ruthenium(II)dichloromethane. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50219a044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Willner H, Schaebs J, Hwang G, Mistry F, Jones R, Trotter J, Aubke F. Bis(carbonyl)gold(I) undecafluorodiantimonate(V), [Au(CO)2][Sb2F11]: synthesis, vibrational, and carbon-13 NMR study and the molecular structure of bis(acetonitrile)gold(I) hexafluoroantimonate(V), [Au(NCCH3)2][SbF6]. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00049a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cullen WR, Crow JP, Harrison W, Trotter J. Preparation of some ditertiary phosphine and arsine derivatives of dicobalt octacarbonyl. Structure of (CH3)2AsC2As(CH3)2(CF2)2CO2(CO)6. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00724a044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ball RG, Lee KM, Marshall AG, Trotter J. Crystal and molecular structure of (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato)indium(III) chloride. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50208a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bear CA, Cullen WR, Kutneny JP, Ridaurua VE, Trotter J, Zanarotti A. Dihydropyridine series. I. Novel and stable complexes of 1-methyl-3-ethyl-1,2-dihydropyridine and 1-methyl-3-ethyl-1,6-dihydropyridine. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00790a078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ehlert MK, Rettig SJ, Storr A, Thompson RC, Trotter J. Octamolybdenum oxo-pyrazolate clusters. Syntheses, characterization, and crystal and molecular structures of the Mo(V)/Mo(VI) and Mo(VI) octamolybdenum clusters Mo8(pz)6O18(pzH)6 and Mo8(pz)6O21(pzH)6. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00075a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bak T, Wachs M, Trotter J, Everson G, Trouillot T, Kugelmas M, Steinberg T, Kam I. Adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation using right-lobe grafts: results and lessons learned from a single-center experience. Liver Transpl 2001; 7:680-6. [PMID: 11510011 DOI: 10.1053/jlts.2001.26509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for adults is now a practical alternative to cadaveric liver transplantation. Use of right-lobe grafts has become the preferred donor procedure. Because of the complexity of this operation, a learning curve is to be expected. We report the outcome of our first 41 LDLTs at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (Denver, CO). We also discuss the lessons learned and the resultant modifications in the procedure that evolved during our series. Patient records were retrospectively reviewed between August 1997 and February 2001 for the following end points: recipient survival, graft survival, and donor and recipient complications. Thirty-eight of 41 living donor liver transplant recipients (93%) are alive and well postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 9.6 months. Four patients required retransplantation secondary to technical problems (9.8%); all 4 patients were in our initial 11 cases. Modification of the donor liver plane of transection resulted in venous outflow improvement. Also, biliary management was modified during the series. Donor complications are listed; all 41 donors have returned to normal pretransplantation activity. Our results indicate that LDLT can be performed safely with excellent donor and recipient outcomes. Dissemination of our experience can help shorten the learning curve for other institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bak
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Ave., Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Diers-Fenger M, Kirchhoff F, Kettenmann H, Levine JM, Trotter J. AN2/NG2 protein-expressing glial progenitor cells in the murine CNS: isolation, differentiation, and association with radial glia. Glia 2001; 34:213-28. [PMID: 11329183 DOI: 10.1002/glia.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During early neural development, the lineage specification of initially pluripotent progenitor cells is associated with proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Oligodendroglial progenitor cells migrate from their sites of origin to reach the axons that they will myelinate. We have described a cell-surface protein, AN2, expressed by oligodendroglial progenitor cells in vitro and showed that antibodies against AN2 inhibited the migration of cultured primary oligodendroglial progenitor cells, suggesting that the AN2 antigen plays a role in their migration. Recently, results from MALDI mass spectroscopy showed that AN2 is the mouse homologue of the rat NG2 protein. In this study, we have analyzed cells staining with AN2 antibodies during development and in the adult murine central nervous system (CNS), carried out double stainings with antibodies against NG2, and investigated the differentiation potential of cells in vitro after isolation from early postnatal brain using AN2 antibodies. AN2 and NG2 antibodies stained totally overlapping populations of cells in the CNS. AN2/NG2 expressing cells in embryonic and postnatal brain expressed the PDGF-alpha-receptor and in postnatal brain exhibited electrophysiological properties typical of glial progenitor cells. Cells isolated from early postnatal brain using AN2 monoclonal antibody developed into oligodendrocytes in low serum medium or into astrocytes in the presence of fetal calf serum. In the embryonic spinal cord, cells staining with AN2 antibodies were found closely apposed to radial glial cells, suggesting that glial precursors, like neurons, may use radial glia as scaffolds for migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diers-Fenger
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Schneider S, Bosse F, D'Urso D, Muller H, Sereda MW, Nave K, Niehaus A, Kempf T, Schnolzer M, Trotter J. The AN2 protein is a novel marker for the Schwann cell lineage expressed by immature and nonmyelinating Schwann cells. J Neurosci 2001; 21:920-33. [PMID: 11157078 PMCID: PMC6762312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the 330 kDa AN2 glycoprotein was studied in the rodent peripheral nervous system. AN2 is expressed by immature Schwann cells in vitro and in vivo and downregulated as the cells upregulate myelin genes. A subpopulation of nonmyelinating Schwann cells in the adult sciatic nerve retains expression of AN2. In rat sciatic nerve crushes, where Schwann cell numbers increase after initial axonal loss and markers of immature Schwann cells show an upregulation, no increased expression of AN2 was observed. In contrast, AN2 expression was upregulated in nerves from peripheral myelin protein-22-transgenic rats, where immature Schwann cells expand without axonal loss. Furthermore, coculture with neurons upregulated AN2 expression on Schwann cells in vitro. Polyclonal antibodies against AN2 inhibited the migration of an immortalized Schwann cell clone in an in vitro migration assay, and the purified AN2 protein was shown to be neither inhibitory nor permissive for outgrowing dorsal root ganglion neurites. AN2 is thus a novel marker for the Schwann cell lineage. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of purified AN2 from early postnatal mouse brain demonstrated that AN2 is the murine homolog of the rat NG2 proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Although enteroglial cells (EGCs) may play a key role in the inflammatory response of the enteric nervous system, little is known about their immunophysiological properties. To facilitate further characterization of enteric glia, we have developed a novel method to isolate and purify EGCs from the myenteric plexus. Myenteric plexus preparations were enzymatically dissociated and EGCs purified by complement-mediated cytolysis of contaminating cells and transformed by retroviral gene transfer. Primary and transformed cells were characterized immunohistochemically and by dot-blot analysis. Functionally, c-fos mRNA expression was assessed in primary and transformed enteroglial cells. All cells displayed robust glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 and vimentin immunoreactivities, but no Thy-1.1, desmin, smooth muscle alpha-actin or C3 complement receptor immunoreactivity. This confirmed their enteroglial lineage and excluded contamination with other cell types. Both primary and transformed EGCs displayed little constitutive c-fos mRNA expression. This, however, could be upregulated by various stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, we present a novel method to purify EGCs from rat myenteric plexus for tissue culture and to establish transformed EGC lines that retain their glial nature and functional properties. Such cell lines are now available for physiological studies of the functional properties of enteric glia in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rühl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Willner H, Bodenbinder M, Bröchler R, Hwang G, Rettig SJ, Trotter J, von Ahsen B, Westphal U, Jonas V, Thiel W, Aubke F. Superelectrophilic tetrakis(carbonyl)palladium(II)- and -platinum(II) undecafluorodiantimonate(V), [Pd(CO)4][Sb(2)F(11)]2 and [Pt(CO)4][Sb(2)F(11)]2: syntheses, physical and spectroscopic properties, their crystal, molecular, and extended structures, and density functional calculations: an experimental, computational, and comparative study . J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:588-602. [PMID: 11456571 DOI: 10.1021/ja002360s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The salts [M(CO)(4)][Sb(2)F(11)](2), M = Pd, Pt, are prepared by reductive carbonylation of Pd[Pd(SO(3)F)(6)], Pt(SO(3)F)(4) or PtF(6) in liquid SbF(5), or HF-SbF(5). The resulting moisture-sensitive, colorless solids are thermally stable up to 140 degrees C (M = Pd) or 200 degrees C (M = Pt). Their thermal decompositions are studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Single crystals of both salts are suitable for an X-ray diffraction study at 180 K. Both isostructural salts crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c (No. 14). The unit cell volume of [Pt(CO)(4)][Sb(2)F(11)](2) is smaller than that of [Pd(CO)(4)][Sb(2)F(11)](2) by about 0.4%. The cations [M(CO)(4)](2+), M = Pd, Pt, are square planar with only very slight angular and out-of-plane deviations from D(4)(h)() symmetry. The interatomic distances and bond angles for both cations are essentially identical. The [Sb(2)F(11)](-) anions in [M(CO)(4)][Sb(2)F(11)](2,) M = Pd, Pt, are not symmetry-related, and both pairs differ in their Sb-F-Sb bridge angles and their dihedral angles. There are in each salt four to five secondary interionic C- -F contacts per CO group. Of these, two contacts per CO group are significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii by 0.58 - 0.37 A. In addition, structural, and spectroscopic details of recently synthesized [Rh(CO)(4)][Al(2)Cl(7)] are reported. The cations [Rh(CO)(4)](+) and [M(CO)(4)](2+), M = Pd, Pt, are characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Of the 16 vibrational modes (13 observable, 3 inactive) 10 (Pd, Pt) or 9 (Rh), respectively, are found experimentally. The vibrational assignments are supported by DFT calculations, which provide in addition to band positions also intensities of IR bands and Raman signals as well as internal force constants for the cations. (13)C NMR measurements complete the characterization of the square planar metal carbonyl cations. The extensive characterization of [M(CO)(4)][Sb(2)F(11)](2), M = Pd, Pt, reported here, allows a comparison to linear and octahedral [M(CO)(n)()][Sb(2)F(11)](2) salts [M = Hg (n = 2); Fe, Ru, Os (n = 6)] and their derivatives, which permit a deeper understanding of M-CO bonding in the solid state for superelectrophilic cations with [Sb(2)F(11)](-) or [SbF(6)](-) as anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Willner
- Contribution from the Fachbereich 6, Anorganische Chemie, Gerhard-Mercator-Universität GH Duisburg, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany.
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Simons M, Krämer EM, Thiele C, Stoffel W, Trotter J. Assembly of myelin by association of proteolipid protein with cholesterol- and galactosylceramide-rich membrane domains. J Cell Biol 2000; 151:143-54. [PMID: 11018060 PMCID: PMC2189802 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.151.1.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized membrane enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol that contains a limited spectrum of proteins. We investigated the assembly of myelin components by oligodendrocytes and analyzed the role of lipid-protein interactions in this process. Proteolipid protein (PLP), the major myelin protein, was recovered from cultured oligodendrocytes from a low-density CHAPS-insoluble membrane fraction (CIMF) enriched in myelin lipids. PLP associated with the CIMF after leaving the endoplasmic reticulum but before exiting the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that myelin lipid and protein components assemble in the Golgi complex. The specific association of PLP with myelin lipids in CIMF was supported by the finding that it was efficiently cross-linked to photoactivable cholesterol, but not to phosphatidylcholine, which is underrepresented in both myelin and CIMF. Furthermore, depletion of cholesterol or inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis in oligodendrocytes abolished the association of PLP with CIMF. Thus, PLP may be recruited to myelin rafts, represented by CIMF, via lipid-protein interactions. In contrast to oligodendrocytes, after transfection in BHK cells, PLP is absent from isolated CIMF, suggesting that PLP requires specific lipids for raft association. In mice deficient in the enzyme ceramide galactosyl transferase, which cannot synthesize the main myelin glycosphingolipids, a large fraction of PLP no longer associates with rafts. Formation of a cholesterol- and galactosylceramide-rich membrane domain (myelin rafts) may be critical for the sorting of PLP and assembly of myelin in oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simons
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cheung E, Chong KC, Jayaraman S, Ramamurthy V, Scheffer JR, Trotter J. Enantio- and diastereodifferentiating cis,trans-photoisomerization of 2beta,3beta-diphenylcyclopropane-1alpha-carboxylic acid derivatives in organized media. Org Lett 2000; 2:2801-4. [PMID: 10964369 DOI: 10.1021/ol0062190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Four methods of asymmetric induction in the cis, trans-photoisomerization of 2beta, 3beta-diphenylcyclopropane-1alpha-carboxylic acid derivatives were studied. Best results (ca. 80% de) were obtained by irradiation of chiral esters, amides, and salts in NaY and LiY zeolites and in the pure crystalline state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Niehaus A, Shi J, Grzenkowski M, Diers-Fenger M, Archelos J, Hartung HP, Toyka K, Brück W, Trotter J. Patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis synthesize antibodies recognizing oligodendrocyte progenitor cell surface protein: implications for remyelination. Ann Neurol 2000; 48:362-71. [PMID: 10976643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination of demyelinated lesions diminishes with disease progression for unknown reasons. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells contribute to remyelination; however, antibodies specific for oligodendrocyte progenitor antigens could block remyelination by eliminating or impeding these cells. In myelinating cultures, cell lysis with antibody recognizing a progenitor cell-specific surface glycoprotein (AN2) suppressed the synthesis of myelin proteins. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with relapsing-remitting active MS contains antibodies against AN2, whereas cerebrospinal fluid from patients with nonactive disease does not. This is the first report describing antibodies in MS against a progenitor cell-specific antigen that may contribute to the development and progression of chronically demyelinated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Niehaus
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Bröchler R, Sham IH, Bodenbinder M, Schmitz V, Rettig SJ, Trotter J, Willner H, Aubke F. The synthesis and the molecular structure of hexakis(carbonyl)hexafluoroantimonato(V)tungsten(II) undecafluorodiantimonate(V), [W(CO)6(FSbF5)][Sb2F11]. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2172-7. [PMID: 12526531 DOI: 10.1021/ic991331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of tungsten hexacarbonyl, W(CO)6, with antimony(V) fluoride, SbF5, in the conjugate Brønsted-Lewis superacid HF-SbF5 at 40 degrees C produces quantitatively the salt [W(CO)6(FSbF5)][Sb2F11] as the main product. The observed 2e- oxidation without any loss of CO is unprecedented. The cation [W(CO)6(FSbF5)]+ is seven coordinated with a distorted C2v capped trigonal prismatic structure. [W(CO)6(FSbF5)][Sb2F11] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 (No. 4). a = 8.2051(12) A, b = 16.511(3) A, c = 8.1432(2) A, beta = 111.5967(6) degrees, V = 1025.8(2) A3, Z = 2. Number of reflections measured = 9112, unique 4410. Residuals on F, I > 3 sigma (I): R (Rw) = 0.023 (0.023). In the [W(CO)6(FSbF5)]+ cation the FSbF5 group is very tightly coordinated to tungsten with the bridging fluorine nearly equidistant from W and Sb. The details of the molecular structure are compared to those to polymeric [[Mo(CO)4]2(cis-mu-F2SbF4)3]x[Sb2F11]x reported by us very recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bröchler
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 Canada
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Willner H, Bach C, Wartchow R, Wang C, Rettig SJ, Trotter J, Jonas V, Thiel W, Aubke F. Syntheses, molecular structures, and vibrational spectra of chloropentacarbonylrhodium(III) and -iridium(III) undecafluorodiantimonate(V), [Rh(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2 and [Ir(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2: an experimental and density functional study. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:1933-42. [PMID: 11428113 DOI: 10.1021/ic9911926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of either bis(mu-chloro)tetracarbonyldirhodium(I), [Rh(CO)2(mu-Cl)]2, or chlorotricarbonyliridium(I), [Ir(CO)3Cl]n, in the conjugate Brønsted-Lewis superacid HF-SbF5 and in a CO atmosphere, produce [Rh(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2 or [Ir(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2, respectively. In these oxidative carbonylation reactions, antimony(V) fluoride functions as an oxidizing agent. The reduced product is identified as 6SbF3.5SbF5. [Rh(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2 is obtained in the form of single crystals. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P2(1) (No. 4); a = 9.721(1), b = 12.602(1), c = 10.538(1) A; beta = 106.51(1) degrees; V = 1237.7(2) A3; Z = 2; T = 300 K; R1 [I > 3 sigma (I)] = 0.0367, wR2 = 0.0739. Single crystals of [Ir(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2 are produced in small amounts from a solution of mer-Ir(CO)3(SO3F)3 in magic acid, HSO3F-SbF5. The possible source of chlorine will be discussed. Crystal data for [Ir-(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2: monoclinic, space group P2(1) (No. 4); a = 9.686(2), b = 12.585(2), c = 10.499(2) A; beta = 106.59(2) degrees; V = 1226.5(4) A3; Z = 2; T = 294 K; R1[I > 3 sigma (I)] = 0.032, Rw = 0.031. The bond lengths and bond angles are nearly identical in the two isostructural salts; however, the cell volume of [Ir(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2 is slightly smaller than that of [Rh(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2. The cations (point group C4v) feature unusually long M-C bonds (M = Rh, Ir) and correspondingly short CO bonds, as well as high CO stretching wavenumbers and high CO stretching force constants. The [Sb2F11]- anions are not symmetry related, and their dihedral and bridge angles differ slightly in both salts. There are significant interionic contacts in [Ir(CO)5Cl][Sb2F11]2 exclusively of the C-F type (about 2 for each C atom of the five carbonyl groups) resulting in extended structures. The vibrational spectra for both [M(CO)5Cl]2+ cations (M = Rh, Ir) are assigned with the help of density functional calculations, which also provide intensities for IR and Raman bands. While [Rh(CO)5Cl]2+ is the first cationic carbonyl derivative of Rh(III), the vibrational and structural parameters for [Ir(CO)5Cl]2+ are compared to data for [Ir(CO)6]3+ and mer-Ir(CO)3(SO3F)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Willner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität, Callinstrasse 9, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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Davies JD, O'Connor E, Hall D, Krahl T, Trotter J, Sarvetnick N. CD4+ CD45RB low-density cells from untreated mice prevent acute allograft rejection. J Immunol 1999; 163:5353-7. [PMID: 10553059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of therapy that suppresses the action of the immune system, the immune response to transplantation Ags results in rapid rejection of the transplant. The most successful mechanism so far described that achieves organ-specific immunological tolerance is that which controls peripheral tolerance to self-tissue. Until now, no similarities have been documented between the peripheral response to self-Ags and the response to transplantation Ags. CD4+ cells that express a high density of CD45RB (in the mouse) and CD45RC (in the rat) on their surface have been shown to cause a number of autoimmune disorders. In contrast, autoimmunity caused by the CD45RB high-density cells is inhibited by CD4+ CD45RB cells that express a low density of CD45RB (CD45RC in the rat). In this paper we show that CD4+ CD45RB high-density cells are sufficient to cause rejection of a MHC-mismatched pancreas allograft, whereas CD4+ CD45RB low-density cells are not. Unexpectedly, the CD45RB low-density cells prevent the CD45RBhigh expressing cells from causing rejection. These data suggest that the response to foreign tissue can be controlled in the same way as the response to self-tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Davies
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
As tools to study stage-specific surface molecules expressed during the development of oligodendrocytes, we have generated monoclonal antibodies against peanut agglutinin (PNA)-binding glycoproteins isolated by affinity chromatography from the oligodendroglial precursor cell line Oli-neu. In this paper we report the characterization of the monoclonal antibody 7D10. The 7D10 antibody recognizes a 145-kD cell surface glycoprotein expressed by postmitotic multibranched cells of the oligodendroglial lineage. The antigen stains subpopulations of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and O4-positive cells and is subsequently down-regulated during further differentiation in vitro. The 7D10 antigen is also expressed by a subpopulation of astroglial cells but not by neurons. A truncated form of the protein is released by antigen-expressing cells into the culture supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grzenkowski
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Krämer EM, Klein C, Koch T, Boytinck M, Trotter J. Compartmentation of Fyn kinase with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecules in oligodendrocytes facilitates kinase activation during myelination. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:29042-9. [PMID: 10506155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.41.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In many cell types, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are sequestered in detergent-resistant membrane rafts. These are plasma membrane microdomains enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and are suggested to be platforms for cell signaling. Concomitant with the synthesis of myelin glycosphingolipids, maturing oligodendrocytes progressively associate GPI-anchored proteins, including the adhesion molecules NCAM 120 and F3, in rafts. Here we show that these microdomains include Fyn and Lyn kinases. Both kinases are maximally active in myelin prepared from young animals, correlating with early stages of myelination. In the rafts, Fyn kinase is tightly associated with NCAM 120 and F3. In contrast, in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells lacking rafts or in raft-free membrane domains of more mature cells, F3 does not associate with Fyn. The addition of anti-F3 antibodies to oligodendrocytes results in stimulation of Fyn kinase specifically in rafts. Compartmentation of oligodendrocyte GPI-anchored proteins in rafts is thus a prerequisite for association with Fyn, permitting kinase activation. Interaction of oligodendrocyte F3 with axonal ligands such as L1 and ensuing kinase activation may play a crucial role in initiating myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Krämer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Niehaus A, Stegmüller J, Diers-Fenger M, Trotter J. Cell-surface glycoprotein of oligodendrocyte progenitors involved in migration. J Neurosci 1999; 19:4948-61. [PMID: 10366628 PMCID: PMC6782645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelination by oligodendrocytes in the CNS involves the migration to and recognition and ensheathment of axons. These distinct developmental phases of myelination are assumed to involve the interplay of a precisely regulated set of cell adhesion molecules expressed by both neurons and glial cells. These molecules remain largely unelucidated. In this paper we have identified a large (330 kDa) glycoprotein expressed by murine oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo that is downregulated as oligodendrocytes mature. Antigen-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells purified by panning develop into myelin-associated glycoprotein-positive oligodendrocytes and also adhere to cultured neurons. Polyclonal antibodies directed against the protein reduce the migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The observations suggest that the AN2 antigen may play a role in early stages of myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Niehaus
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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