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Schwarzová B, Stüdemann T, Sönmez M, Rössinger J, Pan B, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J, Wiegert JS, Christ T, Weinberger F. Modulating cardiac physiology in engineered heart tissue with the bidirectional optogenetic tool BiPOLES. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1463-1477. [PMID: 37863976 PMCID: PMC10730631 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic actuators are rapidly advancing tools used to control physiology in excitable cells, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. In neuroscience, these tools have been used to either excite or inhibit neuronal activity. Cell type-targeted actuators have allowed to study the function of distinct cell populations. Whereas the first described cation channelrhodopsins allowed to excite specific neuronal cell populations, anion channelrhodopsins were used to inhibit neuronal activity. To allow for simultaneous excitation and inhibition, opsin combinations with low spectral overlap were introduced. BiPOLES (Bidirectional Pair of Opsins for Light-induced Excitation and Silencing) is a bidirectional optogenetic tool consisting of the anion channel Guillardia theta anion-conducting channelrhodopsin 2 (GtACR2 with a blue excitation spectrum and the red-shifted cation channel Chrimson. Here, we studied the effects of BiPOLES activation in cardiomyocytes. For this, we knocked in BiPOLES into the adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) locus of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), subjected these to cardiac differentiation, and generated BiPOLES expressing engineered heart tissue (EHT) for physiological characterization. Continuous light application activating either GtACR2 or Chrimson resulted in cardiomyocyte depolarization and thus stopped EHT contractility. In contrast, short light pulses, with red as well as with blue light, triggered action potentials (AP) up to a rate of 240 bpm. In summary, we demonstrate that cation, as well as anion channelrhodopsins, can be used to activate stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with pulsed photostimulation but also to silence cardiac contractility with prolonged photostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Schwarzová
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Stüdemann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammed Sönmez
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Rössinger
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bangfen Pan
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Simon Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Krause J, Nickel A, Madsen A, Aitken-Buck HM, Stoter AMS, Schrapers J, Ojeda F, Geiger K, Kern M, Kohlhaas M, Bertero E, Hofmockel P, Hübner F, Assum I, Heinig M, Müller C, Hansen A, Krause T, Park DD, Just S, Aïssi D, Börnigen D, Lindner D, Friedrich N, Alhussini K, Bening C, Schnabel RB, Karakas M, Iacoviello L, Salomaa V, Linneberg A, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Kirchhof P, Blankenberg S, Christ T, Eschenhagen T, Lamberts RR, Maack C, Stenzig J, Zeller T. An arrhythmogenic metabolite in atrial fibrillation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:566. [PMID: 37620858 PMCID: PMC10464005 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain acyl-carnitines (ACs) are potential arrhythmogenic metabolites. Their role in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains incompletely understood. Using a systems medicine approach, we assessed the contribution of C18:1AC to AF by analysing its in vitro effects on cardiac electrophysiology and metabolism, and translated our findings into the human setting. METHODS AND RESULTS Human iPSC-derived engineered heart tissue was exposed to C18:1AC. A biphasic effect on contractile force was observed: short exposure enhanced contractile force, but elicited spontaneous contractions and impaired Ca2+ handling. Continuous exposure provoked an impairment of contractile force. In human atrial mitochondria from AF individuals, C18:1AC inhibited respiration. In a population-based cohort as well as a cohort of patients, high C18:1AC serum concentrations were associated with the incidence and prevalence of AF. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for an arrhythmogenic potential of the metabolite C18:1AC. The metabolite interferes with mitochondrial metabolism, thereby contributing to contractile dysfunction and shows predictive potential as novel circulating biomarker for risk of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krause
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Madsen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hamish M Aitken-Buck
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A M Stella Stoter
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Schrapers
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Ojeda
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kira Geiger
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Kern
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hofmockel
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hübner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ines Assum
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Informatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krause
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Deung-Dae Park
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dylan Aïssi
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Khaled Alhussini
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Bening
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mahir Karakas
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Pan B, Hansen J, Stüdemann T, Weinberger F, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J. A simple and flexible platform for optogenetic pacing in cardiac tissue engineering. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kloth B, Mearini G, Weinberger F, Stenzig J, Geertz B, Starbatty J, Lindner D, Schumacher U, Reichenspurner H, Eschenhagen T, Hirt MN. Piezo2 is not an indispensable mechanosensor in murine cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8193. [PMID: 35581325 PMCID: PMC9114012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A short-term increase in ventricular filling leads to an immediate (Frank-Starling mechanism) and a slower (Anrep effect) rise in cardiac contractility, while long-term increased cardiac load (e.g., in arterial hypertension) decreases contractility. Whether these answers to mechanical tension are mediated by specific sensors in cardiomyocytes remains elusive. In this study, the piezo2 protein was evaluated as a potential mechanosensor. Piezo2 was found to be upregulated in various rat and mouse cardiac tissues upon mechanical or pharmacological stress. To investigate its function, C57BL/6J mice with homozygous cardiomyocyte-specific piezo2 knockout [Piezo2-KO] were created. To this end, α-MHC-Cre mice were crossed with homozygous "floxed" piezo2 mice. α-MHC-Cre mice crossed with wildtype mice served as controls [WT-Cre+]. In cardiomyocytes of Piezo2-KO mice, piezo2 mRNA was reduced by > 90% and piezo2 protein was not detectable. Piezo2-KO mice displayed no morphological abnormalities or altered cardiac function under nonstressed conditions. In a subsequent step, hearts of Piezo2-KO or WT-Cre+-mice were stressed by either three weeks of increased afterload (angiotensin II, 2.5 mg/kg/day) or one week of hypercontractility (isoprenaline, 30 mg/kg/day). As expected, angiotensin II treatment in WT-Cre+-mice resulted in higher heart and lung weight (per body weight, + 38%, + 42%), lower ejection fraction and cardiac output (- 30%, - 39%) and higher left ventricular anterior and posterior wall thickness (+ 34%, + 37%), while isoprenaline led to higher heart weight (per body weight, + 25%) and higher heart rate and cardiac output (+ 24%, + 54%). The Piezo2-KO mice reacted similarly with the exception that the angiotensin II-induced increases in wall thickness were blunted and the isoprenaline-induced increase in cardiac output was slightly less pronounced. As cardiac function was neither severely affected under basal nor under stressed conditions in Piezo2-KO mice, we conclude that piezo2 is not an indispensable mechanosensor in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kloth
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Geertz
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Starbatty
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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Krause J, Lemme M, Mannhardt I, Eder A, Ulmer B, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J. Human-Engineered Atrial Tissue for Studying Atrial Fibrillation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2485:159-173. [PMID: 35618905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2261-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This chapter details the generation of atrial fibrin-based engineered heart tissue (EHT) in standard 24-well format as a 3D model for the human atrium. Compared to 2D cultivation, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived atrial cardiomyocytes demonstrated a higher degree of maturation in 3D format. Furthermore, we have demonstrated in previous work that the model displayed atrial characteristics in terms of contraction and gene expression patterns, electrophysiology, and pharmacological response. Here, we describe how to embed atrial cardiomyocytes differentiated from hiPSCs in a fibrin hydrogel to form atrial EHT attached to elastic silicone posts, allowing auxotonic contraction. In addition, we describe how force and other contractility parameters can be derived from these beating atrial EHTs by video-optical monitoring. The presented atrial EHT model is suitable to study chamber-specific mechanisms, drug effects and to serve for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krause
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marta Lemme
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eder
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bärbel Ulmer
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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Madsen A, Krause J, Höppner G, Hirt MN, Tan WLW, Lim I, Hansen A, Nikolaev VO, Foo RSY, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J. Hypertrophic signaling compensates for contractile and metabolic consequences of DNA methyltransferase 3A loss in human cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:115-123. [PMID: 33582159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of DNA methylation in cardiomyocyte physiology and cardiac disease remains a matter of controversy. We have recently provided evidence for an important role of DNMT3A in human cardiomyocyte cell homeostasis and metabolism, using engineered heart tissue (EHT) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes carrying a knockout of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A. Unlike isogenic control EHT, knockout EHT displayed morphological abnormalities such as lipid accumulations inside cardiomyocytes associated with impaired mitochondrial metabolism, as well as functional defects and impaired glucose metabolism. Here, we analyzed the role of DNMT3A in the setting of cardiac hypertrophy. We induced hypertrophic signaling by treatment with 50 nM endothelin-1 and 20 μM phenylephrine for one week and assessed EHT contractility, morphology, DNA methylation, and gene expression. While both knockout EHTs and isogenic controls showed the expected activation of the hypertrophic gene program, knockout EHTs were protected from hypertrophy-related functional impairment. Conversely, hypertrophic treatment prevented the metabolic consequences of a loss of DNMT3A, i.e. abolished lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes likely by partial normalization of mitochondrial metabolism and restored glucose metabolism and metabolism-related gene expression of knockout EHT. Together, these data suggest an important role of DNA methylation not only for cardiomyocyte physiology, but also in the setting of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Madsen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Krause
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grit Höppner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ives Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Madsen A, Höppner G, Krause J, Hirt MN, Laufer SD, Schweizer M, Tan WLW, Mosqueira D, Anene-Nzelu CG, Lim I, Foo RSY, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J. An Important Role for DNMT3A-Mediated DNA Methylation in Cardiomyocyte Metabolism and Contractility. Circulation 2020; 142:1562-1578. [PMID: 32885664 PMCID: PMC7566310 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: DNA methylation acts as a mechanism of gene transcription regulation. It has recently gained attention as a possible therapeutic target in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, its exact role in cardiomyocytes remains controversial. Thus, we knocked out the main de novo DNA methyltransferase in cardiomyocytes, DNMT3A, in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Functional consequences of DNA methylation-deficiency under control and stress conditions were then assessed in human engineered heart tissue from knockout human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Methods: DNMT3A was knocked out in human induced pluripotent stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9gene editing. Fibrin-based engineered heart tissue was generated from knockout and control human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Development and baseline contractility were analyzed by video-optical recording. Engineered heart tissue was subjected to different stress protocols, including serum starvation, serum variation, and restrictive feeding. Molecular, histological, and ultrastructural analyses were performed afterward. Results: Knockout of DNMT3A in human cardiomyocytes had three main consequences for cardiomyocyte morphology and function: (1) Gene expression changes of contractile proteins such as higher atrial gene expression and lower MYH7/MYH6 ratio correlated with different contraction kinetics in knockout versus wild-type; (2) Aberrant activation of the glucose/lipid metabolism regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was associated with accumulation of lipid vacuoles within knockout cardiomyocytes; (3) Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein instability was associated with impaired glucose metabolism and lower glycolytic enzyme expression, rendering knockout-engineered heart tissue sensitive to metabolic stress such as serum withdrawal and restrictive feeding. Conclusion: The results suggest an important role of DNA methylation in the normal homeostasis of cardiomyocytes and during cardiac stress, which could make it an interesting target for cardiac therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Madsen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Grit Höppner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Julia Krause
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.).,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (J.K.)
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Sandra D Laufer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (M.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.M.)
| | - Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Ives Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
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8
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Becker B, Rodriguez ML, Werner TR, Stenzig J, Eschenhagen T, Hirt MN. Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32449726 DOI: 10.3791/60811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Afterload is known to drive the development of both physiological and pathological cardiac states. As such, studying the outcomes of altered afterload states could yield important insights into the mechanisms controlling these critical processes. However, an experimental technique for precisely fine-tuning afterload in heart tissue over time is currently lacking. Here, a newly developed magnetics-based technique for achieving this control in engineered heart tissues (EHTs) is described. In order to produce magnetically responsive EHTs (MR-EHTs), the tissues are mounted on hollow silicone posts, some of which contain small permanent magnets. A second set of permanent magnets is press-fit into an acrylic plate such that they are oriented with the same polarity and are axially-aligned with the post magnets. To adjust afterload, this plate of magnets is translated toward (higher afterload) or away (lower afterload) from the post magnets using a piezoelectric stage fitted with an encoder. The motion control software used to adjust stage positioning allows for the development of user-defined afterload regimens while the encoder ensures that the stage corrects for any inconsistencies in its location. This work describes the fabrication, calibration, and implementation of this system to enable the development of similar platforms in other labs around the world. Representative results from two separate experiments are included to exemplify the range of different studies that can be performed using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Becker
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Marita L Rodriguez
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Tessa R Werner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research);
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9
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Stenzig J, Löser A, Krause J, Hansen A, Höppner G, Foo R, Eschenhagen T. DNA methyl transferase 3A loss in human engineered heart tissue induces distinct alterations of contractility. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Werner TR, Kunze AC, Stenzig J, Eschenhagen T, Hirt MN. Blockade of miR-140-3p prevents functional deterioration in afterload-enhanced engineered heart tissue. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11494. [PMID: 31391475 PMCID: PMC6686025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Afterload enhancement (AE) of rat engineered heart tissue (EHT) in vitro leads to a multitude of changes that in vivo are referred to as pathological cardiac hypertrophy: e.g., cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, reactivation of fetal genes and fibrotic changes. Moreover AE induced the upregulation of 22 abundantly expressed microRNAs. Here, we aimed at evaluating the functional effect of inhibiting 7 promising microRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-31a-5p, miR-322-5p, miR-450a-5p, miR-140-3p and miR-132-3p) in a small-range screen. Singular transfection of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based anti-miRs at 100 nM (before the one week AE-procedure) led to a powerful reduction of the targeted microRNAs. Pretreatment with anti-miR-146b-5p, anti-miR-322-5p or anti-miR-450a-5p did not alter the AE-induced contractile decline, while anti-miR-31a-5p-pretreatment even worsened it. Anti-miR-21-5p and anti-miR-132-3p partially attenuated the AE-effect, confirming previous reports. LNA-anti-miR against miR-140-3p, a microRNA recently identified as a prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular disease, also attenuated the AE-effect. To simplify future in vitro experiments and to create an inhibitor for in vivo applications, we designed shorter miR-140-3p-inhibitors and encountered variable efficiency. Only the inhibitor that effectively repressed miR-140-3p was also protective against the AE-induced contractile decline. In summary, in a small-range functional screen, miR-140-3p evolved as a possible new target for the attenuation of afterload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa R Werner
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Kunze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Schaefer A, Schneeberger Y, Schulz S, Krasemann S, Werner T, Piasecki A, Höppner G, Müller C, Morhenn K, Lorenz K, Wieczorek D, Schwoerer AP, Eschenhagen T, Ehmke H, Reichenspurner H, Stenzig J, Cuello F. Analysis of fibrosis in control or pressure overloaded rat hearts after mechanical unloading by heterotopic heart transplantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5710. [PMID: 30952943 PMCID: PMC6451012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical unloading (MU) by implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) has become clinical routine. This procedure has been shown to reverse cardiac pathological remodeling, with the underlying molecular mechanisms incompletely understood. Most studies thus far were performed in non-standardized human specimens or MU of healthy animal hearts. Our study investigates cardiac remodeling processes in sham-operated healthy rat hearts and in hearts subjected to standardized pathological pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) prior to MU by heterotopic heart transplantation (hHTx/MU). Rats underwent sham or TAC surgery. Disease progression was monitored by echocardiography prior to MU by hHTx/MU. Hearts after TAC or TAC combined with hHTx/MU were removed and analyzed by histology, western immunoblot and gene expression analysis. TAC surgery resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function. TAC hearts revealed significantly increased cardiac myocyte diameter and mild fibrosis. Expression of hypertrophy associated genes after TAC was higher compared to hearts after hHTx/MU. While cardiac myocyte cell diameter regressed to the level of sham-operated controls in all hearts subjected to hHTx/MU, fibrotic remodeling was significantly exacerbated. Transcription of pro-fibrotic and apoptosis-related genes was markedly augmented in all hearts after hHTx/MU. Sarcomeric proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling displayed significantly lower phosphorylation levels after TAC and significantly reduced total protein levels after hHTx/MU. Development of myocardial fibrosis, cardiac myocyte atrophy and loss of sarcomeric proteins was observed in all hearts that underwent hHTX/MU regardless of the disease state. These results may help to explain the clinical experience with low rates of LVAD removal due to lack of myocardial recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schaefer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Schneeberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven Schulz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Werner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Piasecki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grit Höppner
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Morhenn
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander P Schwoerer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heimo Ehmke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Cuello
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Jacob F, Yonis AY, Cuello F, Luther P, Schulze T, Eder A, Streichert T, Mannhardt I, Hirt MN, Schaaf S, Stenzig J, Force T, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A. Correction: Analysis of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Mediated Decline in Contractile Force in Rat Engineered Heart Tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208342. [PMID: 30481219 PMCID: PMC6258548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Haase T, Müller C, Krause J, Röthemeier C, Stenzig J, Kunze S, Waldenberger M, Münzel T, Pfeiffer N, Wild PS, Michal M, Marini F, Karakas M, Lackner KJ, Blankenberg S, Zeller T. Novel DNA Methylation Sites Influence GPR15 Expression in Relation to Smoking. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030074. [PMID: 30127295 PMCID: PMC6163736 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has been implicated in the regulation of the G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) by affecting CpG methylation. The G protein-coupled receptor 15 is involved in angiogenesis and inflammation. An effect on GPR15 gene regulation has been shown for the CpG site CpG3.98251294. We aimed to analyze the effect of smoking on GPR15 expression and methylation sites spanning the GPR15 locus. DNA methylation of nine GPR15 CpG sites was measured in leukocytes from 1291 population-based individuals using the EpiTYPER. Monocytic GPR15 expression was measured by qPCR at baseline and five-years follow up. GPR15 gene expression was upregulated in smokers (beta (ß) = −2.699, p-value (p) = 1.02 × 10−77) and strongly correlated with smoking exposure (ß = −0.063, p = 2.95 × 10−34). Smoking cessation within five years reduced GPR15 expression about 19% (p = 9.65 × 10−5) with decreasing GPR15 expression over time (ß = 0.031, p = 3.81 × 10−6). Additionally, three novel CpG sites within GPR15 affected by smoking were identified. For CpG3.98251047, DNA methylation increased steadily after smoking cessation (ß = 0.123, p = 1.67 × 10−3) and strongly correlated with changes in GPR15 expression (ß = 0.036, p = 4.86 × 10−5). Three novel GPR15 CpG sites were identified in relation to smoking and GPR15 expression. Our results provide novel insights in the regulation of GPR15, which possibly linked smoking to inflammation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Haase
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Müller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julia Krause
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Röthemeier
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Justus Stenzig
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Kunze
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Philipp S Wild
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Federico Marini
- University Medical Center, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mahir Karakas
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karl J Lackner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13316 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Krause J, Loeser A, Ojeda F, Schnabel R, Blankenberg S, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J, Zeller T. 5923A link between acylcarnitines and atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.5923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Krause
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Loeser
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Ojeda
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Schnabel
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Blankenberg
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Eschenhagen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Stenzig
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Brenière-Letuffe D, Domke-Shibamiya A, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Fehse B, Riecken K, Stenzig J. Clonal dynamics studied in cultured induced pluripotent stem cells reveal major growth imbalances within a few weeks. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:165. [PMID: 29914569 PMCID: PMC6006556 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have revolutionised research and spark hopes for future tissue replacement therapies. To obtain high cell numbers, iPS cells can be expanded indefinitely. However, as long-term expansion can compromise cell integrity and quality, we set out to assess potential reduction of clonal diversity by inherent growth imbalances. Methods Using red, green, blue marking as a lentiviral multi-colour clonal cell tracking technology, we marked three different iPS cell lines as well as three other cell lines, assigning a unique fluorescent colour to each cell at one point in culture. Subsequently, we followed the sub-clonal distribution over time by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analysis in regular intervals. Results In three human iPS cell lines as well as primary human fibroblasts and two widely used human cell lines as controls (K562 and HEK 293 T), we observed a marked reduction in sub-clonal diversity over time of culture (weeks). After 38 passages, all iPS cultures consisted of less than 10 residual clones. Karyotype and function, the latter assessed by cardiomyocyte differentiation and tissue engineering, did not reveal obvious differences. Conclusions Our results argue for a quick selection of sub-clones with a growth advantage and flag a normally invisible and potentially undesired behaviour of cultured iPS cells, especially when using long-term cultured iPS cells for experiments or even in-vivo applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0893-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brenière-Letuffe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aya Domke-Shibamiya
- Core Facility Stem Cells, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Zhao RR, Ackers-Johnson M, Stenzig J, Chen C, Ding T, Zhou Y, Wang P, Ng SL, Li PY, Teo G, Rudd PM, Fawcett JW, Foo RS. Targeting Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans to Treat Cardiac Fibrosis in Pathological Remodeling. Circulation 2018; 137:2497-2513. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and the search for novel therapeutic approaches continues. In the monogenic disease mucopolysaccharidosis VI, loss-of-function mutations in arylsulfatase B lead to myocardial accumulation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans, manifesting as myriad cardiac symptoms. Here, we studied changes in myocardial CS in nonmucopolysaccharidosis failing hearts and assessed its generic role in pathological cardiac remodeling.
Methods:
Healthy and diseased human and rat left ventricles were subjected to histological and immunostaining methods to analyze glycosaminoglycan distribution. Glycosaminoglycans were extracted and analyzed for quantitative and compositional changes with Alcian blue assay and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Expression changes in 20 CS-related genes were studied in 3 primary human cardiac cell types and THP-1–derived macrophages under each of 9 in vitro stimulatory conditions. In 2 rat models of pathological remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction or isoprenaline infusion, recombinant human arylsulfatase B (rhASB), clinically used as enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis VI, was administered intravenously for 7 or 5 weeks, respectively. Cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation were assessed by echocardiography and histology. CS-interacting molecules were assessed with surface plasmon resonance, and a mechanism of action was verified in vitro.
Results:
Failing human hearts displayed significant perivascular and interstitial CS accumulation, particularly in regions of intense fibrosis. Relative composition of CS disaccharides remained unchanged. Transforming growth factor–β induced CS upregulation in cardiac fibroblasts. CS accumulation was also observed in both the pressure-overload and the isoprenaline models of pathological remodeling in rats. Early treatment with rhASB in the transverse aortic constriction model and delayed treatment in the isoprenaline model proved rhASB to be effective at preventing cardiac deterioration and augmenting functional recovery. Functional improvement was accompanied by reduced myocardial inflammation and overall fibrosis. Tumor necrosis factor–α was identified as a direct binding partner of CS glycosaminoglycan chains, and rhASB reduced tumor necrosis factor–α—induced inflammatory gene activation in vitro in endothelial cells and macrophages.
Conclusions:
CS glycosaminoglycans accumulate during cardiac pathological remodeling and mediate myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. rhASB targets CS effectively as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (R.R.Z., M.A.-J., T.D., Y.Z., P.W., P.Y.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Matthew Ackers-Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (R.R.Z., M.A.-J., T.D., Y.Z., P.W., P.Y.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Genome Institute of Singapore (J.S., S.L.N., R.S.Y.F.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.S.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (C.C., G.T., P.M.R.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Tao Ding
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (R.R.Z., M.A.-J., T.D., Y.Z., P.W., P.Y.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Yue Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (R.R.Z., M.A.-J., T.D., Y.Z., P.W., P.Y.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Peipei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (R.R.Z., M.A.-J., T.D., Y.Z., P.W., P.Y.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Shi Ling Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore (J.S., S.L.N., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Peter Y. Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (R.R.Z., M.A.-J., T.D., Y.Z., P.W., P.Y.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Gavin Teo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (C.C., G.T., P.M.R.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (C.C., G.T., P.M.R.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Glycoscience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland (P.M.R.)
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.W.F.)
| | - Roger S.Y. Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (R.R.Z., M.A.-J., T.D., Y.Z., P.W., P.Y.L., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (J.S., S.L.N., R.S.Y.F.)
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Krause J, Loeser A, Boernigen D, Schnabel R, Blankenberg S, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J, Zeller T. 433Metabolomics in translational medicine - A link between acylcarnitines and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Krause
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Loeser
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Boernigen
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Schnabel
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Blankenberg
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Eschenhagen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Stenzig
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Schneeberger Y, Stenzig J, Löser A, Schaefer A, Wong E, Tan W, Reichenspurner H, Foo R, Eschenhagen T. Non-Nucleosidic DNA Methyl Transferase Inhibition Attenuates Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Schneeberger Y, Stenzig J, Löser A, Wong E, Tan W, Reichenspurner H, Foo R, Eschenhagen T. Non-Nucleoside DNA Methyltransferase Inhibition Attenuates Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Schneeberger
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Stenzig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Löser
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E. Wong
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W. Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. Reichenspurner
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T. Eschenhagen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Schaefer A, Schneeberger Y, Stenzig J, Schulz S, Schwoerer A, Eschenhagen T, Ehmke H, Reichenspurner H, Cuello F. Cardiomyocytological Phosphorylation Alterations in Mechanical Unloaded Hypertrophic and Failing Hearts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schaefer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y. Schneeberger
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Stenzig
- DZHK Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Schulz
- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - H. Ehmke
- DZHK Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Reichenspurner
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Cuello
- DZHK Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Lim S, Sato T, Marino F, Stillitano F, Pioner JM, Haase T, Pianezzi E, Sivakumaran P, Hernandez D, Wong RCB, Taylor C, Dusting G, Pebay A, Bayeva M, Chang HC, Shapiro JS, Yar S, Ardehali H, Camporeale A, Avalle L, Heymans S, Roman B, Kotelianski V, Poli V, Karakikes I, Nonnenmacher M, Ceholski D, Zhang L, Hulot JS, Cai CL, Kranias EG, Hajjar RJ, Racca AW, Klaiman JM, Guan X, Pabon L, Muskheli V, Macadangdang J, Kim DH, Mack DL, Childers MK, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Murry CE, Regnier M, Krause J, Mueller C, Stenzig J, Roethemeier C, Wild PS, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Altomare C, Cervio E, Bolis S, Moccetti T, Camici GG, Barile L, Vassalli GG. Moderated Poster session - Genetic, Epigenetic & Integrative480Inhibiting mitochondrial fission with Mdivi-1 directs cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells via protein kinase CK2481A novel role of tristetraprolin in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart against iron deficiency by optimizing expression of Rieske iron-sulfur protein482Different therapeutic approaches to downregulate the activation of the hepatic interleukin-6/stat3/complement pathway in two models of autoimmune myocarditis483In vitro and in vivo genome engineering of Dilated Cardiomyopathy caused by phospholamban R14 deletion.484Contractile dysfunction of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from a duchenne muscular dystrophy patient485Cigarette smoking increases expression of the G protein-coupled receptor 15 mRNA by change in CpG methylation486Cardiogenic potential of iPSC from cardiac progenitor cells. Cardiovasc Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Jacob F, Yonis AY, Cuello F, Luther P, Schulze T, Eder A, Streichert T, Mannhardt I, Hirt MN, Schaaf S, Stenzig J, Force T, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A. Analysis of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Mediated Decline in Contractile Force in Rat Engineered Heart Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145937. [PMID: 26840448 PMCID: PMC4740402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Left ventricular dysfunction is a frequent and potentially severe side effect of many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The mode of toxicity is not identified, but may include impairment of mitochondrial or sarcomeric function, autophagy or angiogenesis, either as an on-target or off-target mechanism. Methods and Results We studied concentration-response curves and time courses for nine TKIs in three-dimensional, force generating engineered heart tissue (EHT) from neonatal rat heart cells. We detected a concentration- and time-dependent decline in contractile force for gefitinib, lapatinib, sunitinib, imatinib, sorafenib, vandetanib and lestaurtinib and no decline in contractile force for erlotinib and dasatinib after 96 hours of incubation. The decline in contractile force was associated with an impairment of autophagy (LC3 Western blot) and appearance of autophagolysosomes (transmission electron microscopy). Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility to study TKI-mediated force effects in EHTs and identifies an association between a decline in contractility and inhibition of autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jacob
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amina Y. Yonis
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pradeep Luther
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Schulze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eder
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry/Central Laboratories, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N. Hirt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schaaf
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Force
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cardiology Division, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States of America
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Schaefer A, Schneeberger Y, Stenzig J, Biermann D, Jelinek M, Reichenspurner H, Eschenhagen T, Ehmke H, Schwoerer A. A New Animal Model for Investigation of Mechanical Unloading in Hypertrophic and Failing Hearts: Combination of Transverse Aortic Constriction and Heterotopic Heart Transplantation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Schaefer A, Schneeberger Y, Stenzig J, Schulz S, Wieczorek D, Schwoerer A, Eschenhagen T, Ehmke H, Reichenspurner H, Cuello F. Tropomyosin Phosphorylation Plays a Crucial Role in Cardiac Remodeling and Re-remodeling. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Stenzig J, Hirt MN, Löser A, Bartholdt LM, Hensel JT, Werner TR, Riemenschneider M, Indenbirken D, Guenther T, Müller C, Hübner N, Stoll M, Eschenhagen T. DNA methylation in an engineered heart tissue model of cardiac hypertrophy: common signatures and effects of DNA methylation inhibitors. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 111:9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Schneeberger Y, Stenzig J, Hübner F, Schaefer A, Reichenspurner H, Eschenhagen T. Pharmacokinetics of the Experimental Non-Nucleosidic DNA Methyl Transferase Inhibitor N-Phthalyl-L-Tryptophan (RG 108) in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:327-32. [PMID: 26525153 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) inhibitors can re-establish the expression of tumour suppressor genes in malignant diseases, but might also be useful in other diseases. Inhibitors in clinical use are nucleosidic cytotoxic agents that need to be integrated into the DNA of dividing cells. Here, we assessed the in vivo kinetics of a non-nucleosidic inhibitor that is potentially free of cytotoxic effects and does not require cell division. The non-specific DNMT inhibitor N-phthalyl-L-tryptophan (RG 108) was injected subcutaneously in rats. Blood was drawn 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after injection and RG 108 in plasma was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Trough levels and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly higher with multiple-dose administration and cytochrome inhibition. In this group, time to maximal plasma concentration (tmax , mean ± S.D.) was 37.5 ± 15 min., terminal plasma half-life was approximately 3.7 h (60% CI: 2.1-15.6 h), maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) was 61.3 ± 7.6 μM, and AUC was 200 ± 54 μmol·h/l. RG 108 peak levels were not influenced by cytochrome inhibition or multiple-dose administration regimens. Maximal tissue levels (Cmax in μmol/kg) were 6.9 ± 6.7, 1.6 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 1.1 in liver, skeletal and heart muscle, respectively. We conclude that despite its high lipophilicity, RG 108 can be used for in vivo experiments, appears safe and yields plasma and tissue levels in the range of the described 50% inhibitory concentration of around 1 to 5 μM. RG 108 can therefore be a useful tool for in vivo DNMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schneeberger
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florian Hübner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaefer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Hirt MN, Werner T, Indenbirken D, Alawi M, Demin P, Kunze AC, Stenzig J, Starbatty J, Hansen A, Fiedler J, Thum T, Eschenhagen T. Deciphering the microRNA signature of pathological cardiac hypertrophy by engineered heart tissue- and sequencing-technology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:1-9. [PMID: 25633833 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are modulated by a set of microRNAs, most of which have been detected in biologically complex animal models of hypertrophy by arrays with moderate sensitivity and disregard of passenger strand (previously "star") microRNAs. Here, we aimed at precisely analyzing the microRNA signature of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by RNA sequencing in a standardized in vitro hypertrophy model based on engineered heart tissue (EHT). Spontaneously beating, force-generating fibrin EHTs from neonatal rat heart cells were subjected to afterload enhancement for 7days (AE-EHT), and EHTs without intervention served as controls. AE resulted in reduced contractile force and relaxation velocity, fibrotic changes and reactivation of the fetal gene program. Small RNAs were extracted from control and AE-EHTs and sequencing yielded almost 750 different mature microRNAs, many of which have never been described before in rats. The detection of both arms of the precursor stem-loop (pre-miRNA), namely -3p and -5p miRs, was frequent. 22 abundantly sequenced microRNAs were >1.3× upregulated and 15 abundantly sequenced microRNAs downregulated to <0.77×. Among the upregulated microRNAs were 3 pairs of guide and passenger strand microRNAs (miR-21-5p/-3p, miR-322-5p/-3p, miR-210-3p/-5p) and one single passenger strand microRNA (miR-140-3p). Among downregulated microRNAs were 3 pairs (miR-133a-3p/-5p, miR-30e-5p/3p, miR-30c-5p/-3p). Preincubating EHTs with anti-miR-21-5p markedly attenuated the AE-induced contractile failure, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrotic response, recapitulating prior results in whole animals. Taken together, AE-induced pathological hypertrophy in EHTs is associated with 37 differentially regulated microRNAs, including many passenger strands. Antagonizing miR-21-5p ameliorates dysfunction in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Hirt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tessa Werner
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany; Bioinformatics Service Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Demin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Kunze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jutta Starbatty
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
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28
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Schneeberger Y, Geertz B, Höppner G, Reichenspurner H, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J. The Influence of DNA Methyl Transferase Inhibition in a Rat Model of Pressure-Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Stenzig J, Hirt MN, Hensel JT, Guenther T, Indenbirken D, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T. 7DNA methylation patterns at promoters of hypertrophy-associated genes in an engineered heart tissue model of cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu074.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Hirt MN, Boeddinghaus J, Mitchell A, Schaaf S, Börnchen C, Müller C, Schulz H, Hubner N, Stenzig J, Stoehr A, Neuber C, Eder A, Luther PK, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T. Functional improvement and maturation of rat and human engineered heart tissue by chronic electrical stimulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 74:151-61. [PMID: 24852842 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously beating engineered heart tissue (EHT) represents an advanced in vitro model for drug testing and disease modeling, but cardiomyocytes in EHTs are less mature and generate lower forces than in the adult heart. We devised a novel pacing system integrated in a setup for videooptical recording of EHT contractile function over time and investigated whether sustained electrical field stimulation improved EHT properties. EHTs were generated from neonatal rat heart cells (rEHT, n=96) or human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hEHT, n=19). Pacing with biphasic pulses was initiated on day 4 of culture. REHT continuously paced for 16-18 days at 0.5Hz developed 2.2× higher forces than nonstimulated rEHT. This was reflected by higher cardiomyocyte density in the center of EHTs, increased connexin-43 abundance as investigated by two-photon microscopy and remarkably improved sarcomere ultrastructure including regular M-bands. Further signs of tissue maturation include a rightward shift (to more physiological values) of the Ca(2+)-response curve, increased force response to isoprenaline and decreased spontaneous beating activity. Human EHTs stimulated at 2Hz in the first week and 1.5Hz thereafter developed 1.5× higher forces than nonstimulated hEHT on day 14, an ameliorated muscular network of longitudinally oriented cardiomyocytes and a higher cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. Taken together, continuous pacing improved structural and functional properties of rEHTs and hEHTs to an unprecedented level. Electrical stimulation appears to be an important step toward the generation of fully mature EHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Hirt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jasper Boeddinghaus
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alice Mitchell
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schaaf
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Börnchen
- Dermatology and Venereology Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrea Stoehr
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuber
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eder
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pradeep K Luther
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
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